Lesson part 4 How can you describe matter?

Matter can be describes by its physicalproperties, including measurements of its

mass, volume, and density.

Vocabulary:MatterMassVolumeDensityStates of matterKinetic energyTemperatureHeatCondensationFreezing

Measuring Mass and Volume Matter is anything

that has mass and volume

The heaviness of something is its Mass

Weight is a measure of the force gravity puts on objects

So, this means that objects that has greater mass will have more weight.

When you step on a bathroom scale, what are you measuring?

The scale measures the effect of Earth's gravitational force on the mass of your

body.

So, how can you find the mass of your body?

You would have to compare the unknown mass of your body to some known mass.

For example, you could sit on one end of a seesaw and have someone add objects

of known mass to the other end.

M

ASS

These two boys together have the same mass as the teacher.

Grams (g) Commonly used to measure mass You can convert grams to other

measurements easily because it is part of the metric system.

Metric systemK H D – d c m

Kill Him Dead – don’t cry murder

Kilo Heto Deca (grams) deci centi milli

Move to the right or to the left the number of spots to get to the desired measure.

45.34 g = _____________Kg045.34

.04534Kg

Volume ----two ways 1. The volume of an object is the amount of

space it takes up. For example, an inflated balloon takes up more space-has greater volume- than an empty balloon.

Volume cont.2. Volume can also be used to find the

capacity- that is, how much material something can hold. Example, a pool holds more than a tea cup.

Finding Volume of solids:Prisms

V= length x width x height

V= 3cm x 3cm x 3cm V= 27cm3

Weird shapesWater

displacement method

Using a graduated cylinder:1. Look at the

bottom of the meniscus

This is 43ml .

DensityWhat is density, and how is it measured?

Imagine that you just packed two identical boxes. One box has pillows and the other books. You have forgotten which one has what.

How can you figure this out without opening the boxes you just taped up?

If you said pick them up and feel which one is

heavier, you just used density to figure this out.

Density is the amount of matter packed into a given space. In other words, density is the amount of mass in a certain volume of matter.

Just because it is bigger doesn’t mean is more dense.

Calculating density:You can calculate density if you know two things- its mass and volume.

You can find the density of the sample be diving its mass by its volume.

Formula:D= M / VDensity = mass / volume

Density = mass / volume

Example:

Find the density of a piece of metal that has a volume of 2.0 mL and a mass of 9.0 g.

D= 9.0 g / 2.0 mL D= 4.5 g/mL

Neat fact about density-Density is a characteristic of all matter.

This means that a particular kind of matter always has the same density, regardless of where the matter comes from.

Water density is 1.00 g/mL This means that a milliliter of water has a mass of 1 gram.

g/ mL)

20 degrees

Density can be used to ID matter- Suppose we find an object and measure its mass and volume to find its density.

We can use this chart to identify what it is.

Example: Mass is 85g and the volume is 100 cubic ml

What is the density?What is the mystery substance?

g/ mL20 degrees

Look here

Density and temperature Did you notice that the table of

common densities had a temperature? This is done because temperature

affects density. As a general rule, matter expands

when it is heated and contracts when its cooler.

Remember this….Temp Volume Density

Temp Volume Density

So, if it gets heated up, then the density gets smaller.

And, if it gets cooler, then the density is higher.

Sink or float? Density can be used to predict if an

object will sink or float. We know that water has a density of

1.0g/ml So, any object with a density higher

than that of water will be sure to sink.

Egg trick… A fresh egg has a density of 1.2 g/ml A rotten egg has a density of 0.9 g/ml

How will you use this information in your own life now?

Lesson part 4 review… All matter has mass and volume Mass and weight are different You can find volume by:

1. calculating it using L x W x H 2. displacement of a liquid

Density = mass / volume

Lesson part 5 What makes up matter?

All matter is made up of very tiny particles that are in constant motion

The physical state of a sample of matter (state of matter) is determined by two

things:1. how it moves 2. how the particles are attracted to each

other.

Does Matter Move?Think about a speck of dust in the light. It

looks like it is being moved around by a invisible hand.

Think about when you cook something stinky. The smell travels all over your house.

Yes… all matter is always moving!!!

How big are particles of matter?

Tiny Some are so tiny that they cannot be

seen without a very advanced microscopes.

Air is an example of matter The air in this room moves all around.

The air particles collide with everything in the room, including that particle of dust.

The collisions of air particles cause the dust to bounce around.

Do you need more evidence?

A balloon stays inflated only because the particles of air are bouncing off the

inside of the balloon.

States of matter: Gases Solid liquid

Evidence that liquid particles move around:

Watch as the food coloring is mixed into the water without stirring up

Because it mixes by itself we know that the water particles are bouncing into the food coloring, making it mover around.

What about solids?Is your desk moving?

Objects in a solid state maintain their shapes.  So, solids have a definite shape that does not

change when they are moved.  The particles of a solid are locked into

places.  These particles have little free space.  Due to

the small amount of free space, the object in a solid state is not able to be pushed together.  Solids show a definite shape and a definite volume.

Forces of attraction in matter:

Forces of attraction among particles are different for different substances.

Attracting Matter:Gases: particles of gas barely touch each

other at all. These particles fly around so fast that they cannot stick together.

Liquid: particles of liquid have slightly

stronger attractions to each other. They can slip and slide past each other.

Solid: particles of solids have strong attractions. These can only vibrate back and forth in their position.

Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids

gas liquid solidassumes the shape and volume of its

containerparticles can move past one another

assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies

particles can move/slide past one another

retains a fixed volume and shaperigid - particles locked into place

compressiblelots of free space between particles

not easily compressiblelittle free space between particles

not easily compressiblelittle free space between particles

flows easilyparticles can move past one another

flows easilyparticles can move/slide past one

another

does not flow easilyrigid - particles cannot move/slide

past one another

Prove It!Forms of matter

Gases

Liquid

Solid

Evidence that it moves

Inflated balloon, dust bounces around

Mixing colored water without stirring

Tough to prove…isn’t it? We need mircoscopes

Lesson 5 review

What is matter made of? Why do solids have a definite shape

but liquids and gases do not?

Lesson part 6How is the motion of particles involved in changing the state of

matter?

Important to remember:

Most matter exists in all three states- solid, liquid and gas

Another word for heat is energy.

What does energy do to matter?

Example: Water1. Water as liquid2. Ice as solid 3. Water vapor as gas

*Matter changes states when energy is added or taken away from it.

What is kinetic energy? If you throw a ball, it has energy

because it is moving.

This energy of motion is called Kinetic Energy.

Even the particles that make up matter have kinetic energy because they’re moving.

So, what determines how much kinetic energy matter will have?

Temperature

Temperature Is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material

Many people confuse temperature and heat. This is not correct. They are related but not the same.

To remember the difference think of the bath tub and a glass of water that feels about the same to the touch. The water has the same temperature. But the bath tub contains a lot more water particles so the tub has more heat energy.

Water changes states when energy is added or taken

away Solid to liquid… melting Water to gas… evaporation Gas to liquid… condensation Liquid to solid… freezing

Condensation- if enough heat is removed from the gas it changes to liquid.

Evaporation As more energy is added, the liquid turns into gas.

Freezing- as more heat is removed liquid changes to solid

Lesson part 6 Review How are temperature and heat

different? What happens during condensation?