Leedy’s Roseroot Recovery Plan

(Sedum intergrifolium ssp. leedyi)

Department of the InteriorUnited States Fish & Wildlife Service

Front coverillustration ofSedumintegr~foliumssp. leedyi(Leedy’s roseroot)by VeraMingWong,copyright1988by theStateofMinnesota,DepartmentofNaturalResources.

Theartworkon thefront coverofthis publicationis copyrightedmaterialandmaynot beduplicated.

SEDUM INTEGRIFOLIUM SSP.LEEDYI (LEEDY’S ROSEROOT)

RECOVERYPLAN

Preparedby

Nancy SatherMinnesotaNaturalHeritageProgram

MinnesotaDepartmentofNaturalResourcesSt. Paul,Minnesota

for

Region3U.S. FishandWildlife Service

Ft. Snelling,Minnesota

Approved:- k jona Director,U.S. Fishand life Service

Date:

DISCLAIMER

Recoveryplansdelineatereasonableactionswhicharebelievedto berequiredto recoverand/orprotectlistedspecies.Plansarepublishedby theU.S.FishandWildlife Service,sometimespreparedwith theassistanceofrecoveryteams,contractors,Stateagencies,andothers.Objectiveswill beattainedandany necessaryRinds madeavailablesubjectto budgetaryandotherconstraintsaffectingthepartiesinvolved, aswell astheneedto addressotherpriorities. Recoveryplansdo not necessarilyrepresenttheviewsnortheofficial positionsor approvalofanyindividualsor agenciesinvolved in theplanformulation,otherthantheU.S.FishandWildlifeService. Theyrepresenttheofficial positionoftheU.S.FishandWildlife Servicennly aftertheyhavebeensignedby theRegionalDirectororDirectorasap~mxcsi.Approvedrecoveryplansaresubjectto modificationasdictatedby newfindings,changesin speciesstatus,andthecompletionofrecoverytasks.

LiteratureCitationsshouldreadasfollows:

U.S.FishandWildlife Service. 1998. Sedumintegr~foIiumssp.leedyi(Leedy~sroseroot)RecoveryPlan. Ft. Snelling,Minnesota. vi + 31 pp.

Additional copiesmaybepurchasedfrom:

FishandWildlife ReferenceService5430GrosvenorLane,Suite 110Bethesda,Maryland 20814

301/492-6403or1-800-582-3421

Thefeevariesfor thePlandependingon thenumberofpagesofthePlan.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thefollowing individualscontributedsubstantiveinformation,field effort, orreviewof thisdocument:Mark dough,Zella Ellshoff,ChuckKjos,andRonRefsnider,U.S. FishandWildlifeService;GlennFumierandJoelOlfelt,Universityof Minnesota;Lisa Mueller,MinnesotaDepartmentofAgriculture;WayneOstlie,MidwestRegionalOffice, TheNatureConservancy;Welby Smith,MinnesotaDepartmentof NaturalResources;StephenYoung,New York StateDepartmentof EnvironmentalConservation,NaturalHeritageProgram;andAndrewZepp,WesternNew York Field Office, TheNatureConservancy.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE RECOVERY PLAN FORSEDUM INTEGRIFOLIUM SSP.LEEDYI (LEEDY’S ROSEROOT)

Current Status: Sedumintegr~foliumssp.leedyi(Leedy’sroseroot),classifiedas threatened,is endemicto westernNewYork andsoutheasternMinnesota.Of sevenknownpopulations,two are on State-ownedpropertyandfiveoccuron privately ownedland; sixpopulationsareconsideredviable.

Habitat Requirementsand Limiting Factors: This taxon’sprimary limiting factor is its specializedcliffsidehabitatalongtheshoreof a lake in NewYork andoncool, maderatecliffs in Minnesota.The currentmajorthreatsto S. integr(foliumssp. leedyiareits low numbersandfew populations,its disjunctoccurrences,on-sitedisturbances,andgroundwatercontamination.

RecoveryObjective: Delisting.

RecoveryCriteria: Sedumintegr~foliumssp. leedyimaybeconsideredfor delisting when: (1) all threeprivatelyownedMinnesotapopulationsare protectedby conservationeasementsor fee acquisitionby a public agencyorprivate conservationorganization;(2) theWhitewaterWildlife ManagementArea,Minnesota,populationisprotectedfrom orremovedfrom anyconfirmedcontaminationthreat;(3) the GlenoraFalls,NewYork, populationis protected;and(4) habitatfor 4,000plantsin multiple sites,evenlydistributedalonga 2-mile stretchof GlenoraCliff, New York, is protected.Thetwo most-distantsubpopulationsprotectedat GlenoraCliff mustbe atleast1.5milesapart;(5) protectedpopulationsmustbe geographicallydistinct,self-sustaining,andhavebeenprotectedforfive consecutiveyearsby measuresthat will remaineffectivefollowing delisting.

Actions Needed(Tasks~

:

I. Locateandmap newpopulationsandidentify landowners.2. DeterminehydrologicrelationshipsbetweenuplandareasandS. integrifoliumssp.leedyipopulations.3. Establish,administer,andsecurefunding forpermanentinfrastructurefor siteprotection.4. Securelandownerinvolvementm conservationandseekfee acquisitionon a willing sellerbasis.5. Implementand reviewmonitoring.6. Providepublic education,including advancelandownercontact.7. Developandmaintaina geneticbank.

Estimated Cost of Recovery(X S1.OOO~

Need Need Need Need Need Need Need(Task) (Task) (Task) (Task) (Task) (Task) (Task)

YEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TOTALS

1 5 5 0 5 5 10 0.5 30.52 0 25 5 55 5 2 5.0 97.03 0 30 10 230 5 2 0.5 277.54 0 0 3 23 5 0.5 0.5 32.05 0 0 3 19 5 0.5 0.5 28.06 0 0 3 19 5 0.5 0.5 28.07 0 0 3 19 5 0.5 0.5 28.08 0 0 3 19 5 0.5 0.5 28.09 0 0 3 19 5 0.5 0.5 28.010 0 0 3 0 15 0.5 Q~

TOT. $ 5 60 36 408 60 17.5 9.5 596.0

Date of Recovery: 2009, if recoverycriteria havebeenachieved.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DISClAIMER . . u

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 111

EXECIJT1VE SUMMARY iv

LIST OF FIGURES vi

LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF APPENDICES vi

L INTRODUCTION 1

A. BackgroundandDescription 1

B. Distribution 2

1. Minnesota 2

2. NewYork 3

C. Habitat 3

1. Minnesota 4

2. NewYork 5

D. Biology 6

E. ThreatsandLimiting Factors 6

F. ConservationMeasures 7

G. StrategyofRecovery 9

IL RECOVERY 10

A. RecoveryPlanObjective 10

B. Step-downOutline 10

C. NarrativeOutline 11

D LiteratureCited 15

ilL IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 18

lv. FIGURES 22

V. TABLE 26

VL APPENDICES 28

V

LIST OF FIGURESp~g~

1. IllustrationofSedumintegr~foliumssp. leedyi(Leedy’sroseroot) 23

2. RangesofSedumintegr~folium(roseroot)andS. integr~foliumssp.leedyi(Leedy’sroseroot) 24

3. Diagramofidealizedmaderatecliff 25

TABLE

1. ExtantoccurrencesofSedumintegr~foliumssp. leedyi(Leedy’sroseroot) 27

APPENDICES~ag~

A. PrincipleFederaland StatelawsprotectingSedumintegr~foIiumssp.leedyt(Leedy’sroseroot)andits habitat 29

B. PeerReviewers 30

C. CommentsReceived 31

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I. INTRODUCTION

A. BackgroundandDescription

Sedumintegrfolium ssp.leedyi(RosendahiandMoore)Clausen(Leedy’sroseroot)wasfirstcollectedby JohnLeedyin 1936at theplant’stypelocality, characterizedas“northeast-facingcliffs of limestone,NorthBranchofRootRiveroppositeHermanMcDanielfarm about5 kmsouthofSimpson,Olmstead(sic) Co., Mm.” (Clausen1975). First describedasanewvarietyofS. rosea(roseroot)on thebasisofthreecollectionsfrom thetypelocality (RosendahlandMoore 1947),thetaxonwasredefinedby Clausen(1975)asasubspeciesofthewesternspeciesS. integr~foliumon thebasisofaspecimencollectedby JohnLeedyin 1942.

Sedumintegr~foliumssp. leedyiis amemberofthe Crassulaceae(orpinefamily), a family oftencharacterizedby succulentstemsandleaves. Thetaxonhasthick, scalyrhizomes;femaleandmaleflowerson differentplants;axillary annualfloral stems;andcorymbosecymes(flat-toppedflowerclusters)ofred to yellow flowers. PetalsofS. integr~foliumare1.3 to 1.7 millimeters(mm) [0.05to 0.06 inches(in)] wide in staminateflowers, andClausen(1975)indicatesthisgreaterwidth is thebestfeatureto separatethe speciesvisually from S. rosea.

Basedon resultsof hismorphologicalstudies,Clausen(1975)differentiatedS. integrzfoliumssp.leedyifrom threeothersubspeciesof S. integr~folium. After analyzingmeasurementsof multiplecharacteristicsof 160 plantsfrom 23 populations,he determinedthatplantsfrom GlenoraCliff,New York, andtheRootRiver,Minnesota,constituteasingle distinctivesubspecies.Keycharactersusedby Clausento differentiateSedumintegrfoliumssp.Ieedyifrom theothersubspeciesareglaucous(coveredwith a whitishbloom)oblongleaves,which usuallyexceed5mm (0.2 in) in width, and seedsaveraging2.4mm (0.09in) long,the longestknownfor thespecies.Clausen(1975)characterizedSedumintegr~foIium ssp.Ieedyiasthemostrobustofthesubspecieswith bluegreenleaveswhich average30 mm (1.2 in) long andareirregularlytoothedor entirealongthemargins.Eachflower usuallyhasfour, sometimesfive, andrarely threepetalswhich aredarkredwith agreenishyellow base(Figure1, p. 22). Basedon observationsofplantscollectedfrom asingleMinnesotapopulationandraisedin agardenin Ithaca,New York,Clausen(1975)reportedthat petalsof NewYork plantsaremoreyellow andpetalsofMinnesotaplantsarecompletelydark redorgreenishwhiteat thebase. More recentfield observationsinMinnesotarevealedpetalcolorin ssp. leedyicanrangefrom red with yellow center,redor green(Olfelt 1998),distinctlyyellow (Ostlie 1988a,b,c),andevenorange(Frest1986).

Preliminaryresultsofongoingstudiesofgeneticdistancesandvariationwithin andamong£integr~foliumtaxabasedon twentyrandomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA (RAPD) markerscorroboratethat therearesignificantdifferencesbetweenLeedy’sroserootandtheothersubspeciesofS. integrfolium(Olfelt andFumier 1995). Geneticdistanceswithin thepresentlydescribedsubspeciesleedyiaregreaterbetweenany combinationof thefoursampledpopulationsthanbetweenanyofthewesternsubspecies.Thesedifferencesareupheldby bothDNAsequencingand commongardenexperimentresults,which addressmorphologicaldifferences.

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Overhalfof 19 continuousvegetative(morphological)charactersexhibit statisticallysignificantcontrastsat 0.05 and0.01 levelsbetweentheWhitewater,Minnesota,populationand two othersampledMinnesotapopulations,andbetweenall MinnesotapopulationsandtheNewYorkpopulations(Olfelt 1998).

Sedumintegr~fo1iumssp. leedyiwasaddedto thePlantNoticeofReviewin 1990asa Category2candidate(USFWS1990). Candidatecategory2 (a designationno longerusedby the Service)includedtaxafor which informationin theService’spossessionindicatedproposedlisting asthreatenedorendangeredmight be appropriate,but for which sufficientdataonvulnerability andthreatwerenot currentlyavailableto supportproposedrules. Additional informationindicatedS.integrfolium ssp.leedjviwarrantedprotectionoftheEndangeredSpeciesAct (Act) becauseofitsrarity andthreatsofhabitatalteration(USFWS 1991). A proposedrulewaspublishedin 1991(USFWS 1991),andtheplantwaslisted as threatenedin 1992 (USFWS1992). Thetaxonislisted asa Stateendangeredspeciesin MinnesotaandNew York by theMinnesotaEndangeredSpeciesAct of 1984andtheNew York StateEnvironmentalConservationLaw of 1989. As asubspecieswith amoderatedegreeofthreatandahigh recoverypotential,S. integrfoliumssp.leedyihasaFederalrecoverypriority of9 (USFWS1983).

B. Distribution

Sedumintegr{folium ssp. leedyiis anisolatedsubspeciesofa commonwesternUnitedStatesspecies.TherangeofS. integrfolium ssp.leedyidoesnot overlaptherangesofthethreewesternsubspecies(S. integr~foliurnssp. integr~fo1ium,S. integr~foliumssp.neomexicanum,andS.integrfoliumssp.procera). ThesewesternsubspeciesarefoundalongtheWesternCordillerafrom Alaskato CaliforniaandColorado(Clausen1975). Sedumintegrfolium ssp.leedyihastwodramaticallydisjunctcentersofpopulation,southeastMinnesotaandwesternNew York, adistributionalpatternwhich suggeststhesubspeciesis arelict of aPleistoceneflora thatmayhaverangedacrossthecontinentbeforethelastglaciation(Smith 1988). Sevenpopulationsfromtwo statesandatotal of fourcountiesarepresentlyknown(Figure2, p. 23, andTable2, p. 25).

1. Minnesota

FourMinnesotapopulationsareknownfrom two countiesin thesoutheasternpartoftheState(Smith 1992,Olfelt andLuby in press).Theseinclude:

BearCreekCliff; T1O3N,R12W;Fillmore County. This populationcontainsanestimated173plants(effectivepopulation97 -- seenote) on asteepnorth-facingcliff overlookingBearCreek. Thesitehastwo privateowners.

Note: Thetotal numberofplantsin aSedumintegr~foliumssp.leedvipopulationmaynot equalthenumberofindividualscontributinggametesto future S. integr~foliumssp. leedyigenerations.Factorssuchasenvironmentalstresses,plant ageandhealth,andinbreedingcanaffect aplant’sability to reproduce;factorssuchasapopulation’smaleto femaleratio

2

will affectthe level of geneticvariability in its progeny. A site’s effectivepopulationisestimatedby taking into accountthesite’s male to femaleratio andreproductivecontributionof individualsandis muchmoreusefulthantotal censussedpopulationforestimatingtheprobabilityof losinggeneticvariability from thepopulation.

DeerCreekCliff; TlO3N, RI3W; FillmoreCounty. Thispopulationcontainsanestimated278plants(effectivepopulation181)on a steepnorth-facingcliff overlookingDeerCreek.Thesiteis privatelyownedby oneowner.

SimpsonCliff (thetypelocality); T 105, RI 3W; OlmstedCounty. This sitecontainsan estimated445 plants(effectivepopulation280)on asteepnorth-facingcliff overlookingtheNorthBranchoftheRoot River. Thecliff hastwo or moreowners.

WhitewaterWildlife ManagementArea;TlO7N, RI 1W; OlmstedCounty. This sitecontainsanestimated748 plants(effectivepopulation291). Thesite is ownedby theMinnesotaDepartmentofNaturalResources,Division ofFishandWildlife.

2. NewYork

Threepopulationsarepresentlyknownin westernNewYork (New York NaturalHeritageProgram1996):

GlenoraCliff. YatesCounty. At least6,000plants(effectivepopulation>4,750)havebeencountedalong3.2 kilometers(kin) [2 miles (mi)] ofSenecaLake’swesternshore.Approximately50 potentialownershavebeenidentified,but exactownershipofeachgroupofplantshasnot beendetermined.This is the largestknownpopulationofS.integrfolium ssp. lee4vi.

GlenoraFalls. YatesCounty. About 40 plantshavebeendocumentedoneast-facingandsouth-facingshaleandsiltstonecliffs just northof GlenoraFalls.

WatkinsGlen.SchuylerCounty. Thesingleplantknownfrom this site in WatkinsGlen StateParkis reputedlyatransplant,althoughsevenplantswereknownto occuratthesite in1961 (Clausen1975). Theplantoccursnearaparkinglot in this heavilyusedpark.

C. Habitat

Sec/urnintegrifolium ssp.leedyiis foundonly in veryspecializedcliffside habitats. ThemajorNew York populationoccurson cliffs alongthewesternshoreof Senecalake. In Minnesota,populationsoccuron maderatecliffs, which arecooledby air exitingundergroundpassagesinthekarsttopography.

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1. Minnesota

All Minnesotasitesarein drainagesof theRoot andWhitewaterRivers in thePaleozoicPlateauat elevationsbetween274 and378 meters(in) [900and 1,240feet(ft)] on north-facingmaderatecliffs about30 in (98 ft) in height (Smith1992). Thesecliffs were formedthroughstreamundercuttingin unglaciatedareasof karsttopography. Streamerosioncausedmassiveblocksofdolomiteto shift forwardalonghorizontalplanes,whichcreateduplandsinkholesandresultedinaminiaturecavesystemwith internalair-flow networksfeedingcool subsurfaceair to thecliffface. Thecool air emergesin nearbyareaswhereriver erosionis lesspronounced,in the talusitself, creatingpermanentlycool algific talusslopeswith temperaturesas low as40 C (400F) inthesummer(Ostlie 1989a,1991). Talusslopesimmediatelybelow themaderatecliffs arenottruealgific slopes,becausethecoolair emergesatthecliff face itself. Thesecliffs arecharacterizedby bandsof bentoniteand limestone.Bentonite,aclay imperviousto water,causesconsistentgroundwaterdischargeat thecontactpoint,whichcreatesmoisthorizontalbandsonthecliff face,themicrohabitatwhereS. integrfoliumssp. /eedyioccursin Minnesota(Smith1992). Associatedspeciesat all fourMinnesotasites includemossesandCystopterisbulbfera(bulbetfern), Impatienspa//ida(paletouch-me-not),andSo/ic/agosp.(goldenrod).

Thetypelocality, SimpsonCliff, Minnesota,is nearly0.8 km (0.5mi) long. Sec/urnintegr~foliumssp. leedyiplantsarelocalizednearthemiddleofthecliff. Sinkholesin thewoodedareaabovethecliff areprobablyamajorsourceof seepageon that portionofthecliff face(Refsnider1988).Theuplandareais ahardwoodforestdominatedby Acersp. (maple),Quercusspp. (oaks),Ti/iaamericana(basswood),andoccasionalPinusstrobus(whitepine)attheedgeofthecliff (Ostlie1 988c). A 1977sitesummarymentionsthepresenceof Carpinuscaroliniana(blue beech) andTaxuscanac/ensis(Americanyew)ascomponentsofthis forest(Morley 1977). In additionto S.integrfoliumssp. leedyi,thesiteharborsthreeotherrareplanttaxa: Arabis laevigata(smoothrock cress),Draba arabisans(Whitlow grass),andPoa wo/fli (meadowbluegrass).SeveralFederalspeciesof concern(formercandidatecategory2 species),includingtwo recentlydiscoveredlandsnailspecies,Novisuccineasp.MinnesotaA andNovisuccineasp. MinnesotaB,arealso foundatthesite(Ostlie 1988c). An east-westroadpassesnearthetop ofthecliff insomeareas,andcroplandoccurson thesouth sideofthis roadwithin 23 m (75 ft) ofthecliff face(Refsnider1988).

At theDeerCreek,Minnesota,site, S. integrfo/iumssp.leedyioccurson an extensive,fairly lowmaderiticcliff facewith talusalongits base. Thecliff faceis stablewith no undercuttingby thecreekat this time, andtwo springsexit thebaseofthecliff (Ostlie 1988b). TheS. integr~fo/iumssp. leedyipopulationis concentratednearthecenterof thecliff aroundaperchedravine.Sinkholeson theuplandsabovethecliff producecoldair drainagefrom fissuresin thecliff face(Refsnider1988). Thesesinkholesareprotectedby woodlandsofbasswood,maple,oak,andscatteredwhite pine. Oneoftherecentlydiscoveredspeciesoflandsnail(Novisuccineasp.MinnesotaA) wasfound at this site. Nearbyalgific slopesat thesitehavebeengrazedby cattle,but thecliff doesnot appearto beadverselyeffectedby grazing(Dulin 1993,Frest 1983).

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TheBearCreek,Minnesota,site is a low maderatecliff with acrumblingrock faceandataluslayersubjectto slumping. TheS. integr~fo/iumssp./eedyipopulationoccurseastofthecenterofthecliff. Uplandforesthereis composedofbasswood,maple,andoak,with scatteredwhitepine,Abiesba/samea(balsamfir), andBetulapapyrifera(paperbirch). Therecentlydiscoveredlandsnailspecies(Novisuccineasp.MinnesotaA andNovisuccineasp. MinnesotaB) arealsofoundat this site(Ostlie1988a). Leveluplandsbeyondthenarrowforestbufferingtheslopeareusedfor agriculture.

Themoist- to dry-mesicS. integr~fo/iumssp./eedyisiteat WhitewaterWildlife ManagementArea,Minnesota,harborsS. integrfo/iumssp. /eedyifrom its crestto its baseon a steepnorth-tonortheast-facing,nearlyverticalcliff. Thecanopyabovethecliff is dominatedby paperbirchandwhite pine. Basswooddominatesthecanopyabovethetaluslayeratthe foot ofthecliff.Whitlow grassandNovisuccineasnails,both typical ofmaderiticcliffs fartherto thesouthandwest,havenotbeenfoundat this site. A deeplyeroded,unmaintainedtownshiproadtraversesthe top ofthecliff about20 m (66 ft) from thecliff face(Ostlie 1989b).

2. New York

Plantsat GlenoraCliff, New York, arealmostcontinuouslydistributedalong3.2 km (2mi) ofthewesternshoreof SenecaLake. Plantsoccuron east-facingcliffs at elevationsbetween136and 141 m (446and463 ft) from nearthetopsofthecliffs to thetalus. Theselakesidecliffs arethinly beddedshalewith intermittentthickerbedsof siltstone. Soil pH rangesfrom 6.8 to 7.5(Clausen1975). Drainageis goodto poor,andmost ofthecliff faceis dry. The largestconcentrationof S. integrifolium ssp./eedyioccursin seepageareas,whichmayor maynotremainmoist throughouttheyear. Plantsrootedin drierfree-standingrockpillars arewilted[TheNatureConservancy(TNC) 1985-1991a].In shelteredareasbehindboathouses,plantsoccuron thetalusitself. AssociatedspeciesincludethestaterareWhitlow grass,aswell asGeraniumrobertianum (herb-Robert),Parietaria pensy/vanica(pellitory), Parthenocissusinserta(Virginia creeper),Poa compressa(Canadabluegrass),andToxicodendronradicans(poisonivy) (Clausen1975,TNC 1985-1991a).TheweedynonnativePolygonumcuspidatum(Japaneseknotweed)exhibits abundantgrowthon talusthroughoutthenorthernhalfof thesite,obscuringboth S. integr~fo/iumssp./eedyiandthecliff face(TNC 1985-1991a).

Plantsat GlenoraFallsoccuron theeastandsouth-facingcliff facesjust northofawaterfall.Theplantsthemselvesoccuron awet, seepycliff facewith atalusslopebelow. Bulblet fern,Virginia creeperandpaletouch-me-notarecommonon thetalusslope,with Tsugacanadensis(hemlock)on thetopofthecliff (New York NaturalHeritageProgram1996).

ThesingleS. integr~fo/iumssp./eedyiplant still foundatWatkinsGlen,New York, occursnearthetop ofadisintegratingshaleslopein a developedareaneartheopen,sunnymouthofanarrow,shadedgorge. Elevationof thesiteis 157 m (515 ft), exposureis southern,anddrainageis poor(Clausen1975). Dominantcanopytreesaremapleandhemlock(TNC 1985-1991b).

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D. Biology

BothS. integr~fo/iumandS. rosea(to which S. integr~fo/iumssp. /eedyiwasoriginally ascribed)areperennialdioeciousspeciesin an otherwisemonoeciousgenus. AlthoughS. integrfo/iumssp. leedyireproducespredominantlyby sexualmeans,Olfelt andLuby (in press)foundthattheproportionofflowering to nonfloweringplantsdiffers betweenpopulations,with significantlymorenonfloweringplantsat thesingleformally protectedsite. Flowersof S. integr~fo/iumssp.leedviareusually functionallyfemaleormale or sometimesperfect. Clausen(1975)reportedthat pistillateplantsin theGlenoraCliff, New York, populationoutnumberstaminateplants.Olfelt et a/. (1998)foundtheratio ofmaleto femaleplantsdid not differ significantlyamongpopulations,norbetweenthesepopulationsandthewesternsubspecies.

Floweringoccursin earlyJune.Clausen(1975)reportsbeesandsyrphusflies aspollinators;Sather(1993a)observedbeeson New York plants. Seedsarewingedand adaptedfor winddispersal. Seedsproducedby plantsat GlenoraCliff, New York, sometimesgerminatein theirfollicles andproduceseedlingson theparentplant (Clausen1975). Plantsgrownin a Minnesotagreenhousefrom seedfloweredtheir first seasonaftergermination(JoelP. Olfelt, UniversityofMinnesota,pers.comm. 1996).

New plantsgrow in thetalusattheMinnesotaandNewYork sites(Sather1993a,b). Although,newergrowthon thelong-lived rootstocksbreaksoff to form clones,whichhavelived atleast36yearsin cultivation (Clausen1975),Olfelt and Luby (in press)reportfinding little clonalreproduction. Of 81 stemstheyassayed,75 haduniquerandomlyamplifiedpolymorphicDNR(RAPD) markers, indicating those 75 stemshad not beenproducedby cloning.

E. Threats and Limiting Factors

Sec/urnintegr{fo/iumssp. /eedyiis threatenedby its disjunctoccurrences;its low numbersandtheconcomitantpotentialthatstochasticeventscouldseverelyimpactits geneticdiversity; off-siteinfluences,suchasgroundwatercontaminationandhydrologicalterations.Direct, on-sitedisturbances,includeerosion,rock slides,andstaircaseconstruction.Individual plantsandhabitatoftheNew York populations,which occurdownhill from anumberoflakesidehomes,canbeaffectedby clearingof vegetationon thecliffs andby pipesandstaircasesleadingto thelakeshore(Sather1993a).

Potentialindirect impactsfrom upslopeagriculturalactivities andresidentialdevelopmentarenotwell understood,but groundwatercontaminationcanoccurafterfertilizersandpesticidesareappliedto nearbyfields or lawnsor aftersinkholesareusedasdump sites. Householdandfarmwastes,includingpesticidecontainers,havebeendiscardedin sinkholesnearMinnesotasites(Refsnider1988).

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F. ConservationMeasures

Recognitionthroughlisting encouragesandresultsin conservationactionsby Federal,State,andprivateagencies;groups;and individuals. TheAct providesfor landacquisition,conservationeasements,andcooperationwith theStates,andrequiresrecoveryactionsfor all listed species.In thisrecoveryplan,“conservationmeasures”refersto both regulatoryprotectionmechanismsandto on-siteprotectivemanagementmechanisms.Theprotectionrequiredof Federalagenciesand theprohibitionagainstcertainactivities involving listedplantsare discussed,in part,below.

BecauseEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA) pesticideregistrationis aFederalaction,federallylisted speciesmustbe consideredwhenimplementingtheprogram. TheEPAimplementingregulationsfor theFederalInsecticide,Fungicide,andRodenticideAct, 7 U.S.C.(FIFRA 7 USC), applyto certainpesticideswherefederallyendangeredor threatenedplantsoccur. TheEPA is developinga Federalpesticideprotectionprogramfor endangeredspecies.As theState’sleadcooperatorwith EPA, theMinnesotaDepartmentof Agriculture (MDA)developeda State-initiatedlandownercontactprogramin which landownersandarepresentativefrom MDA developa mutuallyacceptable,voluntary,non-bindingpesticidemanagementplantoassurefederally listedspeciespresentwould not be adverselyaffected(MinnesotaDepartmentofAgriculture 1 996a,b,c).Thereis presentlyno New York programcomparableto theMinnesotaprogram.However,theNew York StateEnvironmentalConservationLaw, section9-1503,protectslistedplantsfrom damageby theapplicationof herbicidesor defoliants.

TheAct and implementingregulationssetting forth generalprohibitionsandexceptionsthatapply to Sec/urnintegr~fo/iurnssp.leedyi arefoundat 50 CFR17.71, 17.72, and17.76. Thefollowing prohibitionsapply to this taxonon Federalland: importor export;transportininterstateor foreigncommercein thecourseof acommercialactivity; saleor offer for salethistaxonin interstateorforeigncommerce;or to removalor reductionto possession;maliciousdamageordestruction;removalby cutting,digging,damagein knowing violation ofany Statelaw orregulationincludingviolation of a Statecriminal trespasslaw. Violation ofstatelawregardingthis speciesis thusaviolation of theAct. “Plant” meansanymemberoftheplantkingdom, includingseeds,roots,andotherparts. Violation of theAct carriescivil andcriminalpenaltiesofup to ayearof imprisonmentand/orfines up to $50,000.00.

TheAct and 50 CFR 17.72alsoprovidefor permitsto implementotherwiseprohibitedactivitiesinvolving threatenedspeciesundercertaincircumstances.Suchpermitsareavailableforscientificpurposesorto enhancesurvivalofthespeciesin its nativehabitat.Requestsfor copiesoftheregulationson plantsandinquiriesregardingthemmaybe addressedto the OfficeofManagementAuthority, U.S. FishandWildlife Service,4401 NorthFairfaxDrive, Room432,Arlington, Virginia 22203-3507(703/358-2104,FAX 703/358-2281).

In additionto its statusasafederally threatenedspecies,S. integrifolium ssp.leedyiis listed asaStateendangeredspeciesin bothMinnesotaandNew York. TheMinnesotaEndangeredSpeciesAct (MinnesotaStatute84.0895)prohibits thefollowing:

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• . taking, import, transport,orsaleofany endangeredspeciesofwild animal,plant or partsthereof,or thesaleorpossessionwith intentto sell anyarticlemadein wholeor in part from theskin, hide,or anypartsof anyendangeredspeciesofwild animalorplant.

A violation of theMinnesotalaw is amisdemeanor,carryingapenaltyofup to $1,500.00andupto 180daysimprisonmentfor endangeredspeciesandup to $1,000.00and90 daysimprisonmentfor threatenedspecies.Requestsfor copiesof Minnesotaregulationson plantsandinquiriesregardingthemmaybe addressedto MinnesotaNaturalHeritageandNongameResearchProgram,DNR Box 25, 500 LafayetteRoad,St. Paul MN 55 155-4025.

TheNew York StateEnvironmentalConservationLaw, section9-1503,part f, reads: It is aviolation for any person,anywherein thestate,to pick, pluck, sever,remove,damagebyapplicationofherbicidesordefoliants,or carryawaywithout theconsentoftheowner,anyprotectedplant. Eachprotectedplant sopicked,plucked,severed,removed,damagedorcarriedawayshallconstituteaseparateviolation.

Violatorsof theNew York law aresubjectto finesof$25 per illegally takenplant. RequestsforcopiesofNew York regulationson plantsand inquiriesregardingthemmaybeaddressedtoSeniorForester,Division of LandsandForests,New York StateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,50 Wolf. Road,Albany, New York 12233-0001.

Althoughonly two oftheknownsitesareprotectedby statefee ownership(Whitewater,Minnesota,andWatkinsGlen, New York), otherpopulationsareenrolledin registryprogramsorprotectedby landownerassociations.

A 0.4-hectare(1-acre)portionoftheGlenoraCliff, New York, site,which contains60 to 70clumpsof plants,is protectedby theFingerLakesLandTrustwith aconservationeasementheldby TNC. A TNC easementon an adjoiningravineactsasa buffer to this easement(AndrewZepp,WesternNew York Field Office, TNC, pers.comm. 1993).

TheSimpsonCliff, Minnesota,site is enrolledin TNC’s RegistryProgram.This informalprogramhonorslandownersfor theirstewardshipwith aplaqueofrecognition. Registrylandownersagreeto protecttheirsiteto thebestoftheirability, to notify TNC of anyperceivedthreat,andto contactTNC beforetheychangelanduseactivitiesor attemptto sell theproperty.Thesenonbindingagreementsarenot alwayseffectivein alertingTNC orotherinterestedpartiesbeforethepropertyis transferred(LisaMueller,MDA, AgronomyServicesDiv., pers.comm.1993).

During theFederallisting process,all known landownerswerenotified thatindividualsofS.integrifoliumssp. /eedyimight occuron theirproperty. Therearefewer than10 ownersofsitesin Minnesotaandabout50 ownersalongthe3.2-km(2-mi) stretchof SenecaLakeshoreline

8

wherethis taxonoccurs. Exactownershipof all theplantsattheGlenoraCliff sitehasnot yetbeendetermined.

AppendixA summarizesprincipleFederalandStatelawsof currentorpotentialapplicabilitytotheprotectionofSedumintegr{fo/ium ssp.leedyiandits habitat.

G. Strategy of Recovery

Thestrategyfor recoveryofthis taxoninvolvesavarietyof conservationactions,withconservationeasementsandprivatelandtrusts aspivotal elements,andfeeacquisitionasanalternativefor willing sellers. Individual landownersor landownerassociationsandexistinglandtrusts would play amajorrolein protectingpopulationsfrom direct disturbanceandin assuringlandmanagementpracticeson adjoininguplandsdo nothavean indirectadverseeffect on thetaxon. Landowner,landownerallocation,or land trustenrollmentin a conservationeasementprogramdesignedto minimize direct andindirectadverseeffectson thetaxoncanproduceahighlevel ofprivatestewardship.Developmentpressureandlandtaxstructurediscouragelandusefor stewardshipat theGlenoraCliff site. An activepublic informationprogramandfinancialincentives,suchastaxrelief orpaymentin lieu oftaxes,canencourageprotectionasadesirablelanduse. With public support,governmentagenciesand privateconservationorganizationscouldpreparesitemanagementplans,determinehydrologicrelationshipsbetweenadjoininguplandsandS. integr~fo/iumssp./eedjvisites,reviewmonitoringandmanagement,andsecurepermanentfunding for conservationeasements.

Becauseofthe naturalprotectionaffordedby theinaccessibilityofits cliffside habitat,no tasksin this planare deemedpriority 1, tasksnecessaryto preventextinctionofSec/urnintegr~fo/iumssp. leedvi. Mosttasksarepriority 2, tasksnecessaryto preventsignificantdeclinein habitatorpopulations.A logicalsequenceoftasksis reflectedin thefiscal yearoffunding for eachtaskintheImplementationSchedule(Table 1, p. 18). Thissequenceis importantbecausetheimplementationofsometasksdependson theresultsofprecedingtasks.

Efforts shouldbeginas soonaspossibleto foster landownerinvolvementin shorelineprotectionandpreservationofundevelopedlandattheGlenoraCliff site. Theseefforts should includedistributionofinformationalmaterials(Sather1993b);contactwith landowners,landownerassociations,andlandtrusts;andpublic informationprogramsto initiate andacceleratetheprotectionprocess.

Efforts to obtainfundingfor easements,hydrologicalresearch,andlife-history researchareto beimplementedconcurrently. Theseefforts would assuredataneededfor managementplanpreparationandthefinancialbasisfor easementprograminitiation arein placewhenenrollmentbegins. To expeditetheeasementprogram,initial managementplanscoulddealwith directimpacts,andsectionsconcerningindirect influencescouldbeappendedduringperiodicreviewsofmanagementandmonitoring.

9

II. RECOVERY

A. RecoveryPlan Objective: Delist thespecies.

Sec/urnintegr~fo/iumssp. /eedvimaybeconsideredfor delistingwhen:(1) all threeprivatelyownedMinnesotapopulationsareprotected;(2) thepopulationat theWhitewaterWildlifeManagementArea,Minnesota,hasbeendemonstratedto be self-maintainingfor five years;(3)the GlenoraFalls,New York, populationis protected;and(4) habitatfor 4,000plantsin multiplesites,evenlydistributedalonga 2-mile stretchof GlenoraCliff, NewYork, is protected.Thetwomostdistant subpopulationsprotectedat GlenoraCliff mustbe at least1.5 miles apart; (5)protectedpopulationsmustbegeographicallydistinct, self-sustaining,andhavebeenprotectedfor five consecutiveyearsby measuresthatwill remaineffectivefollowing delisting.

Theprotectedsitesmustrepresentthetaxon’s full rangeofgeneticvariability andmaybeprotectedby acombinationof, but not limited to, the following conservationactions: Enrollmentin permanentconservationeasements,privatelandtrusts,or landownerassociationswitheffective landmanagementplans to minimize impactson S. integrifoliurn ssp./eedjyipopulations;fee acquisition;accompaniedby tax reliefor othercompensation.Estimateddatefor recoverycompletionis 2009. Thesedelistingcriteriaarepreliminary,andmayberevisedon thebasisofnewinformation, including informationresultingfrom researchspecifiedasrecoverytasks.

B. Step-downOutline

1. Map all populations,andidentify all affectedlandowners.

1.1. Map populations.

1.2. Identify landowners.

2. DeterminehydrologicrelationshipsbetweenuplandareasandS. integrfo/iurnssp. leedivipopulations.

2.1. Determinecorrelationsbetweenseepageareasanddistributionofplantsat allsites.

2.2. Conducthydrologicstudiesat all sitesto determinewatersourcesofseeps.

2.3. For all populations,mapareaswithin which groundwatercontaminationcouldinfluenceS. integr~fo/iu~nssp./eea’yipopulations.

3. Establishandadministerapermanentinfrastructurefor Leedy’sroserootsiteprotectionandsecurefundingfor that protection.

10

4. Contactlandowners,landownerassociations,andlandtrusts;securetheir involvementinconservationstrategies;compensatethemfor costsoffeeacquisition,enrollmentinconservationeasementsorotherprograms;preparemanagementplansforpublic andprivateprotectedareas.

4.1. Contactlandowners,landownerassociations,andlandtrusts;secureinvolvementin conservationstrategies;compensatefor costsof feeacquisition,enrollmentinconservationeasementsor otherprogram.

4.2. Preparemanagementplansfor easementsandotherprotectedareas.

5. Establish,implement,andreviewa monitoringprogram.

5.1. Establisha uniformmonitoringprogram.

5.2. Implementthemonitoringprocedure.

5.3. Reviewmonitoringresultsandmanagementmethods.

6. Providepublic education,includingadvancelandownercontact.

7. Developand maintainageneticbank.

C. Narrative Outline

1.Locate newpopulations. map all populations. and identify all affectedlandowners

.

1.1. Map populations

.

Map full extent ofall Minnesota and New York populations on topographic mapsto determine full extent of areas requiring protection and potential drainage forgroundwater contaminants.

1.2. Identify landowners

.

Locate key concentrations ofS. integrifolium ssp. /eedyi at Glenora Cliff andidentify ownersofthesekey areas. Identify tracts ownedby the Walnut GroveAssociation,Inc., and any other homeownerassociationsor land trusts that mayalready haveprotective restrictions on shorelineproperty. Ownership ofMinnesota sitesis presently known. Update ownership information for all sitesaschangesoccur socurrent landowners can be informed of theplants and invited toparticipate in conservationof them.

II

2. DeterminehydrologicrelationshipsbetweenuplandareasandS. integrifoliurn ssp.leedvipopulations

.

2.1. Determinecorrelationsbetweenseepageareasanddistribution ofplantsatallsites

.

This informationwill be usedto assessthepotentialfor groundwatercontamination.

2.2. Conducthvdrolo~icstudiesatall sitesto determinewatersourcesof seepaneareas

.

Active seepageareasarean essentialcomponentofS. integrfo/iurnssp./eedi’ihabitat. Knowledgeof thesurfaceandundergroundoriginsofthis waterwouldallow sourcesto be preservedandprotectedfrom contamination.

2.3. For all populations.mapareaswithin which groundwatercontaminationcouldinfluenceS. integrifoliurn ssp. leedvipopulations

.

Mapon topographicmapstheprobableroutesfrom watersourcesto seepageareas.Assessabovegroundandundergroundroutesforpotentialcontaminationarisingfrom incompatiblelanduse.

3. Establishandadministerapermanentinfrastructurefor Leedy’sroserootsiteprotectionandsecurefundingfor thatprotection

.

Protectionthroughpurchaseor perpetualconservationeasementscouldbeenhancedbytax relief. Becausemuchof theshorelineattheGlenoraCliff site is residential,acquisitionand/oreasementswould probablycost severalthousanddollarsper 30 m (100ft) ofshoreline. If proximity to protectedland is consideredan amenity,tax ratesonprotectedpropertiesandadjoiningpropertiesmight rise andmakeenrollmentineasementstoo costlyunlesslandownersareprovidedtax relief. PropertyvaluesofMinnesota’spredominantlyagriculturalsitesarelower thanNew York’s, butownersmuststill receivefair marketcompensationfor easements.NeitherMinnesotanorNew Yorkhavemechanismsto providepermanentfunding for easementson protectedspecieshabitat. TheFederalgovernmentor Statelegislaturesmayactto establishsuchfunding,orone ormorepermanentprivateconservationtrusts maybeendowedfor this purpose.

All Minnesotasitesarein theDrifilessAreaofthestate. Authority of theServicetopurchaselandfor the DriftlessAreaRefugeshouldbe extendedto includeunprotectedLeedy’sroserootsites.

12

4. Contactlandowners,landownerassociations,and landtrusts;securetheirvoluntaryinvolvement in conservation;enroll sitesin conservationeasementsorotherprograms;seekacquisitionoflandscontainingsignificantpopulationson a willing sellerbasis;andpreparemanagementplansfor protectedareas.

4.1. Contactlandownersand/orprivatelandtrustsandhomeownerassociations:secureinvolvementin conservation:enroll sitesin conservationeasementsor otherprograms:seekacquisitionof landscontainingsignificantpopulationson awilling sellerbasis

.

Easementsshouldbewith individual landowners,wherevertheyarenot in anexistinghomeownerassociationor landtrust identifiedin 1.2, above,thatmayalreadyhaveprotectiverestrictionson shorelineproperty.

4.2. Preparemanagementplansfor easementsandotherprotectedareasandforvoluntarvlandownerassociationparticipants

.

Includein theplanfor eacheasementorotherprotectedareathe exactlocationofplants,actionsthatcouldadverselyaffect them,amanagementplan for thepopulation,anda survivorshipgoal towardswhich thelandownershouldstrive.

5. Establish,implement.andreviewamonitoringprogram

.

5.1. Establishauniform monitoringprogram

.

After consideringall importantfactorsfor preservationofthis taxonanditshabitat,coordinatewith conservationistsandresearchersto developauniform andfeasiblemonitoringprogramfor useatall sites.

5.2. Implementauniformmonitoringprocedure

.

Wheneverpracticable,involve landowners,landownerassociations,andlandtrusts in implementationoftheuniformmethodof measuringtheirsuccessinmeetingtheirsurvivorshipgoals.

5.3. Reviewmonitoringresultsandmanagementmethods

.

On anbiennialbasisfor thefirst six yearsof enrollment,or thefirst 5 yearsfollowing changeofownership,andon aperiodicbasisthereafter,conductameetingbetweena StateorFederalconservationagencyrepresentativeand thelandowner,homeownersassociation,or landtrust to discusschangesinpopulationstatusandneededmanagementmodifications.

13

6. Providepublic education

.

Distributeexistingeducationalmaterials(Sather1993b)anddevelopnewmaterialsandopportunitiesto acquaintlandownersandthepublic with thetaxonandits needforprotection. Initiateprogramsofpublic educationin thefirst yearofrecovery,especiallyin New York, wheresuchefforts couldpavetheway for conservationactions. BecausemostNewYork populationsoccuronprivatelands,suchefforts in New York maybemosteffectivewhenthey involve landownersaseducatorsor guides.

7. Developandmaintaina geneticbank

.

Thecoolmicroclimatesin whichS. integr{fo/ium ssp. /eedyisurvivesmaybeaffectedbyglobal warmingor otherunforeseencircumstances.Therisk of lostviability or extinctionresultingfrom stochasticeventsis exacerbatedby thefactthat eachpopulationisgeneticallydistinctive. For this reason,redundantcollectionsofseedsor cuttingsfromeachpopulationshouldbe preservedin ageneticbankfor possiblereintroductionin theeventof anaturalcatastropheatany oneofthesites. Shouldresultsofmonitoringovertime suggestthat populationsaredecliningbecauseof inbreedingdepression,materialfrom otherpopulationsmaintainedin this bankcould thenbe introducedinto sitesat riskto provideopportunityto increasetheirgeneticdiversity. Plantscollectedin Minnesotahavebeenbroughtinto cultivationat aCenterfor PlantConservationgarden(BrianParsons,TheHoldenArboretum,pers.comm. 1993).

2~4

D. Literature Cited

Clausen,R.T. 1975. Sec/urnofNorth Americanorthof theMexicanPlateau.Cornell UniversityPress,Ithaca,New York. 742 pp.

Dulin, G. 1993. Revisedpreservedesignfor DeerCreekmaderatecliff. Unpublishedreport.Preparedfor U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service,Fort Snelling,Minnesota.

Frest,T. 1983. Surveyinformationon algific talusslopes:MNl9. Unpublishedsurvey. TheNatureConservancy,MinnesotaField Office, Minneapolis. 7 pp.

_____ 1986. Minnesota“Succineachittenangoensis”survey. ContractNo. 29000-37835.Unpublishedfinal report. Preparedfor U.S. FishandWildlife Service,Fort Snelling,Minnesota. 27 pp.

MinnesotaDepartmentof Agriculture. 1 996a. Leedy’sRoserootPesticideManagementPlan,DeerCreeksite. EndangeredSpeciesProtectionProgram,Division ofAgronomyServices,MinnesotaDepartmentof Agriculture,St. Paul.

_____ 1996b. Leedy’sroserootpesticidemanagementplan,BearCreeksite. EndangeredSpeciesProtectionProgram,Division of AgronomyServices,MinnesotaDepartmentofAgriculture,St. Paul.

_____ 1996c. Leedy’sroserootpesticidemanagementplan,SimpsonCliff site. EndangeredSpeciesProtectionProgram,Division ofAgronomyServices,MinnesotaDepartmentofAgriculture,St. Paul.

Morley, T. 1977. PleasantGroveSec/urnCliff. Unpublishedmemorandum.Preparedfor TheNatureConservancy,MinnesotaField Office, Minneapolis.

TheNatureConservancy(TNC). 1985-1991a.Sitesurveysummaries,TNC trip reportsandNI-IP field form updatesfor GlenoraCliff. Unpublishedreport. TheNatureConservancy,WesternNew York Field Office, Rochester.

_____• 1985-199lb. Sitesurveysummaries,TNC trip reportsandNHP field form updatesforWatkinsGlen. Unpublishedreport. TheNatureConservancy,WesternNew York FieldOffice, Rochester.

New York NaturalHeritageProgram. 1996. Elementoccurrencerecordsfor Sec/urnintegr~fo/iurnssp./eedyi. Unpublishedrecords. NewYork StateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,NaturalHeritageProgram,Latham.

15

Olfelt J.P. 1998. Populationbiology ofSec/urnintegrzfoliu,nssp.leedyi. Ph.D.thesis.Universityof Minnesota,St. Paul. 58 pp.

_____ andG.R.Fumier. 1995. Geneticdistinctnessandvariability of Sec/urnintegr~fo/iurnssp.leedvi. Unpublishedreportto NaturalHeritageand NongameResearchProgram,MinnesotaDepartmentofNaturalResources,St. Paul. 21 pp.

_____ _____ and J.J.Luby. In press.Reproductionanddevelopmentof theendangeredSec/urnintegr~fo/iumssp. /eedj,vi(Crassulaceae).AmericanJournalofBotany.

Ostlie, W. 1 988a. BearCreekMaderiticCliff, preservedesign. Unpublishedreport. Preparedfor TheNatureConservancy,MinnesotaField Office, Minneapolis. 2+ pp.

_____ 1988b. DeerCreekMaderitic Cliff, preservedesign. Unpublishedreport. PreparedforTheNatureConservancy,MinnesotaFieldOffice, Minneapolis. 2+ pp.

_____ 1 988c. SimpsonMaderiticCliffs, preservedesign. Unpublishedreport. PreparedforTheNatureConservancy,MinnesotaField Office, Minneapolis. 2±pp.

_____ 1989a. Minnesotaalgific slopesurvey. Unpublishedmemorandumto TheNatureConservancy,MinnesotaField Office, Minneapolis.

_____ 1 989b. Specialplant surveyform, WhitewaterWMA. Unpublisheddata. PreparedforTheNatureConservancy,MinnesotaField Office, Minneapolis. 2+pp.

_____ 1991. Completionofthealgific slope/maderatecliff landsnailsurveyin Minnesota.Unpublishedreport. Preparedfor MinnesotaDepartmentofNaturalResources,St. Paul.

Refsnider,R.L. 1988. Visit to thethreeSec/urnsitesin Minnesota.Unpublishedreport. U.S.FishandWildlife Service,Ft. Snelling, Minnesota.2 pp.

Rosendahl,C.O.,andJ.W.Moore. 1947. A newvarietyof Sec/urnroseafrom southwesternMinnesotaand additionalnoteson thefloraoftheregion. Rhodora49:197-202.

Sather,N.P. 1993a. Fieldnotesfrom atrip to NewYork sites,June,1993. MinnesotaNaturalHeritageProgram,St.Paul.

_____ 1993b. Leedy’sRoseroot,a cliffside glacialrelict. Biological ReportNo. 42, MinnesotaNaturalHeritageandNongameWildlife Program,MinnesotaDepartmentofNaturalResources,St. Paul. 11 pp.

Smith,W.R. 1988. Vascularplants:In B. Coffin, and L. Pfannmuller(eds.). 1988. Minnesota’sendangeredflora andfauna. Universityof MinnesotaPress,Minneapolis. 473 pp.

16

_____ 1992. A reporton thestatusof Sec/urnintegr~oliurn ssp./eedyi(Leedy’sroseroot)inMinnesota. Preparedfor U.S. Fish andWildlife Service,Ft. Snelling,Minnesota. 5 pp.

U.S. FishandWildlife Service(USFWS). 1983. Endangeredandthreatenedspecieslisting andrecoverypriority guidelines. FederalRegister48(184):43098-43105, 48(221):51985.

_____ 1990. Endangeredandthreatenedwildlife andplants;reviewofplanttaxafor listing asendangeredorthreatenedspecies;noticeofreview. FederalRegister55(35):6184-6229.

_____ 1991. Endangeredand threatenedwildlife andplants;threatenedstatusproposedforSec/urnintegrifoliumssp./eea’yi (Leedy’sroseroot). FederalRegister56(117):27038-27941.

_____ 1992. Endangeredandthreatenedwildlife andplants;determinationofthreatenedstatusfor Sec/urnintegr~fo/iurnssp. /eec/yi(Leedy’sroseroot). FederalRegister5 7(78):14649-14653.

17

III. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

TheImplementationScheduleoutlinesactionsandestimatedcostsfor therecoveryprogram. Itis aguide for meetingtheobjectivein Part II ofthis Plan. Thescheduleindicatestaskpriorities,tasknumbers,descriptions,and durations;responsibleagencies;andestimatedcosts. Theseactions,whenaccomplished,shouldeffect recoveryof thetaxonandprotectits habitat.Estimatedfunds neededfor all anticipatedpartiesin recoveryareidentified; PartIII, therefore,reflectsthetotal estimatedcostsfor recoveryofthis taxon. Estimatedrecoverycostfor the 10-yearprogramare$596,000.00.

Priorities in thefirst columnof thefollowing implementationscheduleareassignedasfollows:

I. Priority 1 - Actionsthat must be takento preventextinctionor to preventthespeciesfrom decliningirreversibly in the foreseeablefuture. Thereareno Priority I actionsforthisPlan.

2. Priority 2 - Actions that mustbe takento preventsignificantdeclinein speciespopulation/habitatquality orsomeothersignificantnegativeimpactshortof extinction.

3. Priority 3 - All otheractionsnecessaryto meettherecoveryobjectives.

Key to Acronyms Usedin the Implementation Schedule

Bot. =

CPC=Cons.EC=FAMNDA =

MNDNR =

NYDA =

NYSDEC=

Owners=

RE =

R-3=R-5=

TE =

TNC=Univ.USGS=

USFWS —

WGA-

BotanicalgardensCenterfor PlantConservationOtherconservationorganizationsEnvironmentalContaminantsProgram,USFWSDivision of FederalAid, USFWSMinnesotaDepartmentofAgricultureMinnesotaDepartmentof NaturalResourcesNew York Departmentof AgricultureNew York StateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationLandownersDivision of Realty, USFWSRegion3, USFWSRegion5, USFWSDivision ofEndangeredSpecies,USFWSTheNatureConservancyUniversityresearchersU.S. GeologicalSurveyU.S. FishandWildlife ServiceWalnutGroveAssociation(landownerassociation)

18

Table 1. Implementation table for Seduinituegrifoliumssp.leedyi(Leedy’s roseroot) RecoveryPlan.

TASK

PRIOR-ITY

TASK

NO.—

1.0

TASK

DESCRIPTION

TASK

LENGTH(YRS.)

RESPONSIBLEPARTY COSTESHMATES ($000)

TESUSFWS OtherEntity Yr 1

—

Yr 3 44-10Region Program

2 Mappopulations,andidentifylandowners.

2 R-3R-5

TEFA

MNDNRNYSDECTNC

5 0 0 0

2 2.1 Determinecorrelationbetweenseepageareasanddistribution(NY).

2 R-3R-5

TEFA

NYSDECorMNDNRUSGS

NYDAMNDATNCUSGSUniv.

5 25 30 0 Combinedwork andcostswithtasks2.2 and

2.3

2 2.2 Conducthydrologicstudies. 2 R-3R-5

TEFA

NYSDECorMNDNRUSGSNYDAMNDATNCUSGSUniv.

0 Seenote

Seenote

0 Combinedwork andcostswithtasks2.1 and2.3

19

TASKPRIOR-

ITY

2

TASKNO.

2.3

TTASK

DESCRIPTION

I

Map areasof potentialgroundwatercontaminationinfluence.

TASKLEN&IH

(YRS)

2

___________I

RESPONSIBLE PARTY COSI’ ESTIMATES ($000)

NOTESUSFWS Other

Entity

NYSDECorMNDNRUSGSNYDAMNDATNCUSGSUniv.

Yr 1

0

Yr 2

Seenote

Yr

4-10Yr 3

See 0note

Region

R-3R-5

Program

TEECFA

Combinedwork andcostswithtask2.1 and2.2

2 3.0 EstablishandadministerapermanentinfrastructureforLeedy’s roserootprotection;securefunding for thatprotection.

3 R-3R-5

TERE

MNDNRNYSDECTNC

0 5 10 21

2 4.1 Contactlandownersand/orprivateland trustsandhomeownerassociations;secureinvolvementin conservation;enroll sitesin conservationeasementsor otherprograms;seekacquisitionof landscontainingsignificantpopulationson a willing sellerbasis.

3 R-3R-5

TEFA

Cons.M~NDAMNDNRNYSDECTNCWGA

5 55 200 88

20

TASKPRIOR-

ITY

TASKNO.

I

TASKDESCRIPTION

TASKLENGTH

(YRS~‘

RESPONSIBLEPARTY COSTESTIMATES ($000)

fYI

1r j NOTES

Yr 1 Yr 2~Yr 3 -10

USFWS Other

EntityRegionam

Progr

2

4

4 2 Preparemanagementplansforeasementsandotherprotectedareasandfor voluntarylandownerassociationparticipants.

3 R-3R-5

TEFA

Cons.MNDAMNDNRNYSDEC‘i’NCWGA

0 0 30 30

2 5.1and5.2

Establishandimplementauniform monitoringprocedure.

ongoing R-3R-5

TEFA

MNDAMNDNRNYSDECOwnersTNCUniv.

5 5 5 30

2 5.3 Reviewmonitoring resultsandmanagementmethods.

ongoing R-3R-5

TEFA

MNDAMNDNRNYSOECOwnersTNC

0 0 0 15

2 6.0 Providepublic education,includingadvancelandownercontact.

ongoing R-3R-5

TEFA

Bot.Cons.MNDNRNYSDECOwnersTNC

10 2 2 3.5

3 7.0 Developandmaintaina geneticbank.

ongoing R-3R-5

TE Bot.CPC

0.5 5 0.5 3.5

Note: Ongoingtasksareanticipatedto continuebeyondthefifth yearandbeyonddelisting.

21

IV. FIGURES

22

Figure1. Illustration of Sedumintegrafoliumssp.leedyi(Leedy’sroseroot).

Copyright 1988, Stateof Minnesota,Vera Ming Wong.

23

Figure2. RangesofSedumintegrifolium (roseroot)(shadedarea)andS. integrifoliumssp.Ieedyi(Leedy’sroseroot)(blackdots andblackenedcounties).

24

Figure3. Crosssectionaldiagramof an idealizedmaderatecliff, basedon informationin Frest(1986).

massivecarbonate

thin beddedcarbonate

shale or shalycherty carbonate TALUS SLOPE

sinkholesoil

Sedum integrifoliumssp. leedyl

south * north

25

V TABLE

26

Table 1. Extant occurrencesof Sedurn integrifolium ssp. Ieedyi(Leedy’s roseroot).

NUMBER DATE FIRSTSTATE COUNTY SITE NAME OF OBSERVED

RAMETS

1,000-3,000 1985

1,000-3,000 1985

1,000-3,000 1936

>500 1989

MINNESOTA

MINNESOTA

MTNNESOTA

MINNESOTA

NEW YORK

NEW YORK

NEW YORK

Fillmore

Fillmore

Olmsted

Olmsted

Schuyler

Yates

Yates

BearCreek

DeerCreek

SimpsonCliff

WhitewaterWildlifeManagementArea

WatkinsGlen

GlenoraFalls

GlenoraCliff

I

40

6,000

1918

1994

1918

DATE LASTOBSERVED

1992

1992

1992

1992

1993

1994

1993

OWNERSHIP

Private

Private

Private

Statewildlifemanagementarea

Statepark

Private

Private

27

VI. APPENDICES

28

APPENDIX A

PRINCIPLE INTERNATIONAL TREATY AND FEDERAL AND STATE LAWSAPPLICABLE TO THE PROTECTION OF SEDUMINTEGRIFOLIUM SSP.LEEDYI(LEEDY’S ROSEROOT) AND ITS HABITAT

InternationalTreaty

Conventionon InternationalTradein EndangeredSpeciesof Wild FaunaandFlora. 27 U.S.C.108. (CITES)

Federal(UnitedStates~Laws

EndangeredSpeciesAct of 1973. PL 93-205,81 Stat.884,Dec.28, 1973;currentversionat16 U.S.C. 1531-1543,as amended.

FederalEnvironmentalPesticideControl Act of 1972. 7 USC 136 to 136y,P.L. 92-516,October21, 1972,86 Stat. 973, asamended.

InternationalEnvironmentProtectionAct of 1983. 22 USC 3151q;97 Stat. 1045.

NationalEnvironmentalPolicy Act of 1969. P.L. 91-190,42 USC 4321 to 4347,January1,1970, 83 Stat. 853, asamended.

NationalWildlife RefugeSystemAdministrationAct of 1966. 16 USC668ddto 668ee.

Tax Deductionsfor ConservationEasements.26 USC 170.

FederalInsecticide,FungicideandRodenticideAct (FIFRA). 7 U.S.C.throughP.L. 100-460,100-464to 100-526,and 100-532.

FishandWildlife CoordinationAct. 48 Stat.401, asamended;U.S.C. 661 et seq.

StateLaws

MinnesotaEndangeredSpeciesAct. 1984. MinnesotaStatute84.0895,ProtectionofThreatenedandEndangeredSpecies.

New York StateEnvironmentalConservationLaw. 1989. Section9-1503. Regulation6NYCRR Part193.3.

29

APPENDIX B

PEER REVIEW AND PEER CONTRIBUTORS

TheU.S. Fishand Wildlife Serviceextendsspecialthanksto variousexperts,in additiontobotanistNancySather,thepreparerof thisplan,whorevieweddrafts and/orprovidedtheirinformationorexpertrecommendationsfor theSedumintegrfoliumspp.Leedyl(LeedysRoseroot)RecoveryPlan. This peerinput wasinvaluablein bringingto theplan currentbiological informationon thespeciesandcurrentpopulationgeneticsconceptsandinformation.

Thefollowing expertpeersprovidedreviewand/orscientific informationfor theplan:

Dr. GlennR. Fumier,Universityof Minnesota,St. Paul

Dr. Joel Olfelt, Universityof Minnesota,St. Paul

Mr. SteveYoung,New York StateDepartmentof EnvironmentalConservation,NaturalHeritageProgram,Latham

Mr. WayneOstlie,MidwestRegionalOffice, TheNatureConservancy,Minneapolis,Minnesota

30

Appendix C

CommentsReceivedDuring Draft Plan Review and Comment Period

TheServicegratefullyacknowledgestheconstructivesuggestionsit receivedduring the 1993(and 1994reopened)draft planreviewandpublic commentperiods.

In responseto suggestionsreceived,theServicemadesubstantivechangesto theplan:

1. AddedinformationaboutnewNew York population(GlenoraFalls) in appropriateplacesin theplan.

2. Addedinformationbasedon review providedby Walnut Grove,New York,(Homeowners)Association.

3. IncludedinformationconcerningtheService’sDrifiless AreaNationalWildlife Refuge,in southeasternMinnesota.

4. Changedthe namesofthetwo Novisuccinealandsnailsand deletedVertigo hubrechtii (itdoesnotoccurat MinnesotaLeedy’sroserootsites).

31