College of Education

School of Continuing and Distance Education 2017/2018 – 2018/2019 ACADEMIC YEAR

LECTURER: (Dr. Charles Amo-Agyemang) DEPARTMENT: (Political Science Department)

(Contact Information: camo-agyemang@ug.edu.gh)

Course Information

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Course Information (contd.)

Slide 3

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Course Instructor(s) Name

Dr. Charles Amo-Agyemang

Office Location On Top of the Department of Political Science Library

Office Hours

Fridays 2PM-4PM

Phone 0558202042

E-mail c.amo-agyemnag@ug.edu.gh Slide 4

Introduction/Subject or Session Overview

• the session looks at how NPP administration vigorously supported the grounds of economic integration, its commitment to continental unity in seeking a permanent peaceful resolution to the conflict in the sub region as well as Pan-African agenda

• This session seeks to analyze the major foreign policy initiatives of NPP regime with respect to economic diplomacy and good neighborliness. It brings into sharp focus how the foreign policy of the NPP administration sought to achieve strong bilateral, multilateral ties, and international treaty obligations.

Slide 5

Session Outline

The key topics to be covered in the session are as follows:

• Topic One

• Topic Two

• Topic Three

• Topic Four

• Topic XXX

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Session Learning Goals

• To be able to Critically assess the economic diplomacy of the NPP government

• To be able to evaluate the measures taken by the NPP government to establish and deepen friendly relations with other countries, especially with immediate neighbors.

• To be able to Understand the factors that influenced NPP’s relationship with neighbors

• B To be e able to identify and assess Ghana’s role in West Africa under the NPP government.

• To be able to discuss the impact of the end of the cold war on Ghana’s foreign policy orientation

• To be able to evaluate the view that NPP administrations pursued foreign policies that were characterized by neo-liberal economic diplomacy and promotion of international peace and democracy in the West African sub region. the NPP

• To be

• able to analyze how NPP pursued distinctively similar foreign policies post-cold war era.

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Session Learning Objectives

• Objective One: Assess economic diplomacy of the NPP government

• Objective Two: Identify the various policies taken by both NPP government to achieve good neighborliness

• Objective Three:Critically examine some of the contemporary factors underscoring the significance of aid in the Ghana’s foreign policy orientation

Slide 8

Session Learning Outcomes

• Be able to critically assess the economic diplomacy of the NPP government

• Be able to evaluate the measures taken by the NPP government to establish and deepen friendly relations with other countries, especially with immediate neighbors.

• Be able to understand the factors that influenced NPP’s relationship with neighbors

Slide 9

Session Activities and Assignments

This week, complete the following tasks:

• Log onto the UG Sakai LMS course site: – http://sakai.ug.edu.gh/XXXXXXXXX

• Read

• Watch the Videos for Session – Ghana’s foreign policy under NPP

• Review Lecture Slides: Session – Ghana’s foreign policy under NPP

• Visit the Chat Room and discuss the Forum question for Session 13

• Complete the Individual Assignment for Session 13

Slide 10

Creating Blended Assignment Instructions

Recommended eight (8) elements to include in written assignment instructions distributed to students online: 1. Assignment title (exactly the same as title used in syllabus and other

course documents) 2. Learning objective(s) to which the assignment relates 3. Assignment due date (if receiving electronic submissions, include

time/time zone also) 4. Submission details (electronic submissions only? required file format?

via email? via assignment upload?) 5. Scoring criteria/rubric 6. Level of group participation (individual assignments, group or team

projects, and entire class projects). 7. Mechanical details (number of words/pages, preferred style guide for

citations, number/type of citations, etc.) 8. Any supporting resources necessary for assignment completion

O’Reilly and Kelly (2008) Slide 11

Reading List

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Slide 13 SOURCE: The Course Blueprint is part of the Blended Learning Toolkit prepared by University of Central Florida (UCF) and the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) with funding from the Next Generation Learning Challenges (NGLC). It is provided as an Open Educational Resource under a Creative Common Attribution-NonCommercial ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License

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Course Description:

Course Blueprint – Course Title (Template)

SOURCE: The Course Blueprint is part of the Blended Learning Toolkit prepared by University of Central Florida (UCF) and the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) with funding from the Next Generation Learning Challenges (NGLC). It is provided as an Open Educational Resource under a Creative Common Attribution-NonCommercial ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License

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NPP GOVERNMENT AND GOOD NEIGHBORLINESS

Topic One

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NPP Government and Good Neighborliness

Introduction

The 2000 election manifesto of the NPP emphasized clearly that the NPP will “establish and deepen friendly relations with other countries in the West African sub-region, respecting their values and customs and enduring reciprocal treatment”. Upon winning the 2000 election, President Kufuor in his inaugural address reiterated this commitment and it is in view of this that all neighbouring countries received invitation to the swearing-in ceremony of President Kufuor. After the assumption of office in 2001, Kufuor walked the talk and actually took practical steps to uplift the once lost image of Ghana amongst his own neighbours in West Africa. The following points explains how the NPP government improved Ghana’s good neighbourliness:

Slide 16

CON’T

• Improvement in Ghana-Togo Relations: Though Ghana’s relations with Togo before 2001 was not healthy, it was the first nation Kufuor visited after his inauguration. The motivation to boost Ghana-Togo relations emanates largely from his personal believe that individual sentiments do not matter in foreign policy or inter-state relations. Therefore he overlooked criticisms from big stalwarts in his own party that the Togolese regime is undemocratic and has bad human right records. Nonethless, Kuffour visited Togo and this was from a conviction that state to state relations must be privileged over personal sentiments and vendetta. Kufuor’s healthy relations with Togo culminated into the resolution of border disputes, smuggling as well as a lot of official and unofficial visits by the two Presidents. Even after the death of Gnassingbé Eyadéma and take over by his son Faure Gnassingbé, the Kufuor administration still maintained that peaceful and cordial co-existence that had existed between the two nations.

Slide 17

CON’T

• Improvement in Ghana-Burkina Faso Relations: Like Togo, the NPP administration under Kufuor, met a seemingly hostile Ghana-Burkina relations upon assuming office in 2001. It has been identified that the Rawlings administration was not on good terms with the Blaise Compaoré regime in Burkina Faso. However, Kufuor believed that bitter Rawlings- Compaoré relations must not precipitate a hostile relations between Ghana and Burkina. The new administration wanted to portray Ghana as a peaceful nation that is at peace with its immediate neighbours as well as the West Africa sub region. The Kufuor administration also wanted to portray a Ghana that is able to keep regional peace and a country that is ready to champion African renaissance. Kufuor also visited Burkina Faso and this was purposely to revive the Permanent Joint Commission for Cooperation (PJCC) that had collapse due to the bitter relations that existed between the two countries after the overthrow and subsequent death of Captain Thomas Sankara by Blaise Compaoré. By 2002, Ghana had convened a meeting of Joint Permanent Commission for Cooperation with the aim of fostering close collaboration and integration of the ideas. On the back of PJCC, the two countries pursued educational exchange programs as well as agricultural exchanges and collaborations. There were also continuous talks on peace, security, stability and economic growth between Ghana and Burkina Faso because of the revival of PJCC.

•

Slide 18

CON’T

• Enhancement in Ghana-Nigeria Relations: Ghana-Nigerian relations received a major boost during the Kufuor administration. The relationship moved from just good neighbourliness to economic diplomacy as the Kufuor administration received a lot of financial support from the Obasanjo administration. In the first month of his administration, President Kufuor visited Nigeria to negotiate a ninety-day credit facility to give the administration the laxity to use the little resource for other sectors of the economy. In addition, the Obasanjo government granted US$ 13 million loan facility for the acquisition of automobiles for the police service which received a lot of backlash from Nigerians. Another soft loan facility of US$ 40 million was secured from Nigeria to pay for Ghana’s share of the West African Gas Pipeline (WAGP) project. Both countries under the two leaders engaged in massive direct diplomacy. Kufuor travelled a lot to Nigeria. President Obasanjo was the guest of honour for the occasion of Ghana’s fiftieth anniversary celebration. A high street in the capital of Ghana was also named after him. This shows the extent of relationship that existed between the leaders as well as the two nations. Closer ties between Ghana and Nigeria was fostered by the passion of these two nations to seek for peace and stability in the West African sub region and Africa at large. In essence, the two nations were allies for peace. They actively participated in peace keeping missions across the continent under the flagship of ECOMOG and UN.

Slide 19

NPP AND GOOD NEIGHBORLINESS Topic one

Slide 20

CON’T

Improvement in Ghana-Togo Relations: Though Ghana’s relations with Togo before 2001 was not healthy, it was the first nation Kufuor visited after his inauguration. The motivation to boost Ghana-Togo relations emanates largely from his personal believe that individual sentiments do not matter in foreign policy or inter-state relations. Therefore he overlooked criticisms from big stalwarts in his own party that the Togolese regime is undemocratic and has bad human right records. Nonetheless, Kuffour visited Togo and this was from a conviction that state to state relations must be privileged over personal sentiments and vendetta. Kufuor’s healthy relations with Togo culminated into the resolution of border disputes, smuggling as well as a lot of official and unofficial visits by the two Presidents. Even after the death of Gnassingbé Eyadéma and take over by his son Faure Gnassingbé, the Kufuor administration still maintained that peaceful and cordial co-existence that had existed between the two nations.

Slide 21

CON’T

• Conflict Resolution and diplomacy in Ivory Coast and Sierra Leone Crisis: The NPP administration’s relations with Cote d’Ivoire and Sierra Leone was coupled with the quest to find lasting solutions to the crises that were on-going in the two countries prior to his coming into office. Kufuor, among other things, participated in a lot of accords with the aim of calming warring factions and seeking for solutions. Aside being an ally historically, the motivation for the administration’s posture was the acknowledgement of the destabilising effect the conflict can have on the West African sub region, especially Ghana who is their immediate neighbour. It is largely believed that ethnic ties as well as the similarity of ideology between the Kufuor administration and his counterpart in Cote d’Ivoire played an important role in the cordial relations that existed between the two nations. Kufuor’s involvement in the peace process culminated in his participation in the signing of the ‘Marcoussis Accord’ signed in France on January 23, 2003 and a host of other conflict resolution meetings in Accra which accumulatively facilitated a peaceful resolution of the conflict in the ensuing years.

Slide 22

CON’T

• Opening and reopening of Foreign Missions across the sub-region: After coming into power, the Kufuor administration contributed to improving Ghana’s good neighbourliness by opening new missions in Mali and Equatorial Guinea and reopening Ghana’s closed mission in Senegal. These missions opened up diplomatic relations and coloration with Ghana. Of significance was that of Equatorial Guinea which had vast experience about management of oil and issues regarding the drilling of oil. Thus Ghana gained a lot of experience in management of her oil resources when it discovered oil on the shore of Cape Three Point in the western region.

• In conclusion, Kuffour since his initiation as Ghana’s president has achieved a lot of meritorious heights that has brought Ghana the glory and respect it lost amongst her peers in West Africa and the continent in general. Kufuor’s effort was recognised by the West African community and in 2003 he was elected ECOWAS chair and was given the nod again in 2004 as sign of his good works promoting peace in West Africa. When President Danis Nguesso’s AU chairmanship was challenged by some member states, President Kuffour was unanimously elected as the chairman of AU without a single objection. Even President Al-Bashir who felt side-lined for two years supported that Kuffour was the right person to manage the affairs of the continent. These feet goes to give credence to the NPP government improvement in Ghana’s good neighbourliness.

Slide 23

NPP AND ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY Topic Two

Slide 24

CON’T

Ghana and China: the granting of a US $150 million

loan facility by Alcatel-Shanghai Bell (ASB) to Ghana

Telecom and the Sino Hydro Corporation in Ghana's

Bui hydro-electric project (concessionary credit of 500

million dollars). China also funded the military and

police barracks project which were handed over to

Ghana in February 2004.

Slide 25

CON’T Topic Two

Slide 26

CON’T

UK-Ghana: UK’s 42 million pounds sterling assistance towards free maternal care

Ghana-German relations: German Chancellor Herr Gerhard Schroeder visit

to Ghana in 2004; contributed 2.8 million Euros to the establishment of the

Kofi Annan International Peace Keeping and Training Centre (KAIPTC). Ghana

was relieved off US$ 6,745,000 debt owed under the HIPC Initiative

Ghana and India :The long-standing relationship with India also received a

boost from the NPP government after a four-day state visit by the president

at the invitation of the Indian prime minister; establish a bilateral investment

promotion and protection; building of the Golden Jubilee House and rural

electrification through and Indian government soft loan of 60 million dollars

Slide 27

CON’T

Ghana and France: the 30 million-dollar from France for the national identification

project. French Development Agency (AFD) and relief of Ghana’s debts contracted between

July, 1983 and June 1999 by the Paris Club

Ghana-German relations: German Chancellor Herr Gerhard Schroeder visit to Ghana in

2004; contributed 2.8 million Euros to the establishment of the Kofi Annan International

Peace Keeping and Training Centre (KAIPTC). Ghana was relieved off US$ 6,745,000 debt

owed under the HIPC Initiative

The HIPC initiative and the Bretton Woods institutions; debt relief and debt reduction for

low income countries. Stabilization of the cedi

• •Ghana and Malaysia: South-South cooperation: clears up a business dispute

between Ghana Telecom and Telecom Malaysia to facilitate cordial relations (‘learning

mission’)

Ghana- brazil: the establishment of the Brazilian research Centre (EMBRAPA) African

regional office in Accra

Slide 28

CON’T

• Relations with Japan: The US $87 million grant for the reconstruction of the Mallam-Kasoa-Yamoransa road. The Ofankor-Nsawam road. The Japanese government cancelled debts totalling US 1.01 billion dollars.

Ghana and Spain: the grant of a US $40 million soft loan to be used for the

improvement of the cardiothoracic unit at the Korle-Bu Teaching, Hospital and the

completion of the maternity block at the Okomfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, as

well as for the improvement of the water supply system in the Eastern Region. An

agreement to open a diplomatic mission in Madrid to boost economic diplomacy and

enhance the government's golden age of business' policy.

Ghana- US relations: Kufuor administration signed a US$ 547 million dollar development support under

the Millennium Challenge Account. The compact deepened the close economic and trade relations

between the two nations. Example African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA); textile exports to the US

market

Slide 29

REFERENCES

Mahama, P. Y., (2012), “Ghana-Cote D’ivoire Relations after the fall of Gbagbo: Challenges and Lessons.” Sacha Journal of Policy and Strategic Studies Vol. 2. No.1. p. 73.

Boafo-Arthur, K., (1989), “Trends in Ghana’s Foreign Policy after Nkrumah”. The State Development and Politics in Ghana, Hansen E. and Ninsin K.A. (eds.), London, Codesria Book Series, pp. 138 – 139

Gebe, B.Y., (2008), “Ghana’s Foreign Policy at Independence and Implications for the 1966 Coup D’état,” The Journal of Pan African Studies

Owusu-Agyeman, Hackman, “Ghana‟s Foreign Policy under Kuffour Administration” in Ghana's Foreign Policy Options, University of Ghana: Legon Centre For International Affairs, 2002).

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References

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