lecture1 is313-(intro i-sinnovation&tech)

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Taibah University College of Computer Science & Engineering

Information Systems Department

Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, Taibah University

Introduction to

Information Systems Innovation

& Technologies

(Information Systems Innovation and Technologies IS313)

Lecture 1

Topic area

� Defining Innovation

� Importance Of Innovation

� Misconceptions

� Types of Innovations

� Information And Communications

Technology

� The Role of ICT

� Rapid Evolution of ICT

Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University2

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Defining Innovation

1. Innovation comes from a Latin word INNOVATIO meaning to RENEW or CHANGE

2. “ New products, business processes and organic changes that create wealth or social welfare” – OECD

3. “ Fresh thinking that creates value”

4. “ Successful commercilaisation of a novel idea”

5. “ Application of knowledge in a novel way, premarily for economic benefit” – Economic Intelligence Unit

6. “Invention implies bringing something new into being; innovation implies bringing something new into use”. Schumpeter

7. Innovation has been defined as the successful introduction into an applied situation of means or ends that are new to that situation (Mohr, 1969, quoted in Cummings and O’Connell, 1978, p.34)

3Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University

Defining Innovation (cont…)� “Innovation can be defined as a new product, new process,

or new organizational structure that enhances the chance

for success on the market. The many sidedness of

innovations.” Antti Hautamäki (2007).

� “Ideas, inventions, and innovations are often distinguished

from each other. An idea is a preliminary thought or a

mental image of a new device or solution. An invention, on

the other hand, already exists, but it is not applicable or

commercial as such. An innovation is a novelty that is

applicable in practice. Typically, innovations are

commercialized products or services. The route from an

idea to an innovation is often long and includes a number of

different phases.” (Hautamäki 2007, 110)

� In order to improve market share, competitiveness and

Quality, while reducing costs. (National Knowledge Commission4

Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University

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Defining Innovation

� “ Innovation is defined as a process by which varying degree of measurable value enhancement is planned and achieved , in any commercial activity.

This process may be breakthrough or incremental, and it may occur systematically in a company or sporadically; it may be achieved by :

� Introducing new or improved goods or services and/or

� Implementing new or improved operational processes and/or

� Implementing new or improved organizational/managerial processes

� In order to improve market share, competitiveness and

Quality, while reducing costs. (National Knowledge Commission)


Importance of Innovation

� An innovation may therefore be a thing: Whether artifact, product or process or indeed service.

� Innovation means change: Such changes can be incremental or radical, evolutionary or revolutionary, enabling or disruptive. They can have different effects upon producers and users.

� Distinguish between:

� Product and process innovations

� Technical and organizational innovations

� Radical and incremental innovations system or infrastructure


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Importance of Innovation (cont…)

1. Creativity : It is the capabilities or act of

conceiving something original or unusual

2. Innovation : It is the implementation of

something new

3. Invention : It is the creation of something

that has never been made before and is

recognized as the product of some

unique insight


Importance of Innovation (cont…)

1. Creativity – Ideas

Invention – Novel ideas

Innovation – Delivery of novel ideas

2. Every invention is innovation but every innovation is not invention

3. Invention is conversion of cash into ideas. Innovation is conversion of ideas into cash

4 Creativity is thinking new things. Innovation is doing new

things.

5. Innovation is applied creativity

6.People are creative. Products or processes are innovative


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Phases

1. Problem, challenge, opportunity, outlining: Understanding that an opportunity to create something new, something better exists; intuitive knowledge, as well as a vision, might be a trustworthy guide at this phase (as well as in phases 3 and 4), because actual, fact based, knowledge and its “mending effect” always come in too late.

2. Fact phase: Digging out the real facts in order to find the core of the problem that one is about to solve.

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Phases (cont...)

3. Problem phase: Identifying the actual problem according to the facts.

4. Idea phase: The shaping of alternative solutions.

5. Solution phase: Refining and polishing the chosen solution to make it usable and implementable.

6. Approval phase: Having all the actors who need to take part in the actualization of the chosen solution in order to make it successful to approve with it.

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Phases (cont...)

7. Realization phase: The arising (new) problems, or newly identified parts of the original problem, may force the process to be started anew or some phases to be gone through again. Several phases may have to be run through multiple times even before the realization phase has been reached.

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Generalisation concept

� A creative (work) environment is challenging, free, dynamic, supports ideas, is emotionally safe, and its atmosphere promotes humor.

� In such an environment, debates are considered positive, conflicts constructive, risk taking is allowed and, in the end, new ideas have enough time to take shape.

� Creativity, innovation, and flexible processes of action currently seem to be highlighted as essential starting points for developing work life and the economy, and this will increasingly be the case in the near future.

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Entrepreneurship and society

� To encourage entrepreneurship, society should tolerate failure and give people a second chance. .

� Obviously, people need to pay for their mistakes, but if the payment is too high, people will not be daring or take risks.

� Effective legal system is essential for positive entrepreneurship

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Marketing & environmental

leadership

� A leader may have to sell ideas, promote concepts, raise funds, recruit followers-which requires marketing.

� Frequently, environmental issues are abstract and removed from the daily reality f most people-marketing environmental issues is a challenge.

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What Are Innovations?� Innovations are new ways to achieve tasks.

� Types of innovations include:� Mechanical—tractors, cars.

� Chemical—pesticides.

� Biological—seed varieties.

� Managerial—IPM, extra pay for work, overtime.

� Institutional—water users’ association, patents, banks, stock market, conservation districts, monks.

� It is useful to distinguish between process innovations (new biotechnology procedures) and

product innovations (Bt cotton).

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Types of innovations

� Product innovation

� Process innovation

� Innovation in business models

� Incremental or breakthrough innovation

� Reverse innovation


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Innovation Pentagon

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Platform

� Provide broader PLATFORM for Innovations everywhere to include:

1. Products

2. Services

3. Organizations & Institutions

4. Processes

5. Research and Development

6. Science & Technology

7. Governance

8. Social and Cultural

9. Mindset

10. National/ State/ Sectoral Councils

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Inclusion

� Encourage Innovations for INCLUSION aimed at the Bottom of the Pyramid:

1. Awareness

2. Access

3. Affordability

4. Availability

5. Scalability

6. Sustainability

7. Quality

8. Pervasive Growth

9. Innovations for/by the people

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Eco-systems

� Foster necessary Eco System

1. Incentives & Awards

2. Innovation clusters at universities

3. Innovative business clusters

4. Organizational Autonomy & Flexibility

5. Policies & Programmes

6. New Institutions

7. Risk/ Venture Capital

8. Patents

9. Web & ICT as tools

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Drivers

� Focus on DRIVERS

1. Multidisciplinary

2. Collaborative

3. Disruptive

4. Generational Change vs. Incremental Change

5. Durable vs. Disposable

6. Need vs. Demand

7. Nature as Nurture

8. Locally Relevant

9. Globally Connected and Competitive

10.Focus at the Edge

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Discourse

� Expand Space for Discourse on Innovation in the country by:

1. Discussions

2. Debates

3. Seminars

4. Conferences

5. Best Practices

6. Subversive Dialogue

7. Irreverent Dialogue

8. New Ideas

9. Media

10.Innovation Portal

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Information and communications technology

� Technological innovation is essential for

human development.

� From the printing press to the computer,

people have devised tools for facilitating

learning and communication.

� Technology is not inherently good or bad,

the outcome depends on how it is used.


Information and communications technology (cont…)

� Information and communications technology

(ICT) involves innovations in microelectronics,

computing (hardware and software), telecommunications and opto-electronics —micro-processors, semiconductors, fiber optics.

� These innovations enable the processing and storage of enormous amounts of information, along with rapid distribution of information through communication networks.


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The role of ICT

� Telecommunication is a basic infrastructure necessary for economic and social development of a country.

� This is even becoming more strong than ever as information related economic activities are growing.

� ICT is the support of the central nervous system of complex societies, transmitting and processing information and commands among the various parts of such societies.

� Internet plays a fundamental function in ICT role


Benefits from ICT

� ICT carries on high promise both in human and economic terms. Benefits could be obtained in:

� Education

� Job training

� Health care

� Food security

� Environment management

� Government efficiency

� Specifically in Science and Technology:

� Speed up dissemination of scientific results world-wide through scientific knowledge sharing and exchange

� Allows to set up of Virtual Labs for communications and remote instrument control


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Rapid evolution of ICT

� Predictions indicate the doubling of computing power

every 18 –24 months and the doubling of communications

power every 6 months.

� Both are accompanied by huge reductions in costs and

massive increases in speed and quantity.

� In 2001 more information can be sent over

a single cable in a second than in 1997 was sent

over the entire Internet in a month.

� Thanks to ICT scientific research and innovation —the

original networked communication between

universities that allowed the birth of the

Internet —is increasingly collaborative between

institutions and countries.


Trends of ICT

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Internet growth in developing and emerging countries

The digital divide

� The distribution of Internet users show uneven distribution in the world.

� Connecting a major portion of the population is a challenge in developing regions .

� Limitations are the outdated public telephone network and the arbitrary high cost of the services.

� To beat this problem, solutions based on the most advanced techniques but with accessible costs have to be devised. Radio technology represents in many cases the solution.

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The Internet users distribution

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Hope for the future

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Reference

Sam Inkinen & Jari Kaivooja, Understanding Innovation

Dynamics: Aspects of Creative Processes, Foresight

Strategies, Innovation Media, and Innovation Ecosystems,

2009, Inkinen, Kaivooja & Finland Futures Research

Centre, Turku School of Economics.

Sandro M. Radicella , Role of Information Technology And

Communications in Sustainable Development: Our

Experience, Aeronomy and Radiopropagation Laboratory,

http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-role-of-information-

technology-and-communications

Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, Lecture Notes, Taibah University,

College of Computer Science & Engineering, 2012.


Group discussion session:

The 4th Annual Saudi

International Technology Incubation

Conference -2012


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The 4th Annual Saudi International Technology Incubation Conference The 4th Annual Saudi International Technology Incubation Conference The 4th Annual Saudi International Technology Incubation Conference The 4th Annual Saudi International Technology Incubation Conference ---- 2012201220122012

Technology innovation and entrepreneurship are at the heart of all leading economies. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is investing heavily in these two fields as it recognizes their importance in sustaining the economic growth and prosperity of the country...

KACST and the BADIR Program are organizing the 4th annual Saudi International Technology Incubation Conference. The aim is to provide stakeholders and practitioners in the incubation industry with a forum to meet with international and local experts to discuss the latest developments in technology entrepreneurship, innovation and finance support, and the role that incubators should play.

The conference will help to develop knowledge and understanding between incubation practitioners and stakeholders, while providing networking opportunities that support the development of the Saudi Arabian incubator industry, and its role in the creation of a knowledge-based economy and a diversified technology industry base.

The conference will be held from 8 to 9 October 2012 (22 to 23 Dhu Al-Qa'dah, 1433 H), at the KACST Conference Centre, KACST headquarters, King Abdullah Road, Riyadh.

The theme is 'Incubating Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurs' which highlights The theme is 'Incubating Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurs' which highlights The theme is 'Incubating Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurs' which highlights The theme is 'Incubating Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurs' which highlights that incubation is a major driver of innovation and entrepreneurship.that incubation is a major driver of innovation and entrepreneurship.that incubation is a major driver of innovation and entrepreneurship.that incubation is a major driver of innovation and entrepreneurship.


36Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University

Reference

� Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, Lecture Notes,

Taibah University, 2010.

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