CCB2012HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

Lecture 1

HSE MOVEMENTTHEN AND NOW

Dr Asna Mohd Zain

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Lecture Content

Definitions

Importance of HSE

Historical Perspective of OSH Development

Development of Accident Prevention

Development of Safety Organizations

HSE Movement Today

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Definition

HEALTH

Mainly on physical health or mental health issues related to workplace.

Can also be called as occupational health.

Example:Ergonomics Hazard (physical health)Stress (mental health)

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SAFETY

Free from danger.

Concern with injury-causing situations and hazards to humans that results from sudden severe conditions.

Example:Fire hazardsTemperature hazards

Definition

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ENVIRONMENT

The combination of all things, matters and factors to the individual or population of organisms in questions.

Example:

Work place environment

Outdoor environment

Definition

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH

Social, mental and physical well-being of workers at work.

It aims to:

• promote & maintain the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers

• prevent adverse effects on health caused by working conditions

• provide occupational environment adapted to physical and mental needs

• adaptation of work to human

Definition

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Why HSE is Important?

To prevent and eliminate the risk of injuries,health hazards and damage to properties.

To identify steps towards the conservation and preservation of the environment.

Minimize the unsafe act or unsafe conditioned

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Historical Perspective of OSH Development

In the early state of our country

development, the economic structure depended heavily on agricultural and mining based activity.

The rapid developments taking place in the Malaysian Industrialization program have changed employment patterns to an increasing emphasis on manufacturing and service sectors of the economy.

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Positive/Good Points

HAND MADE ITEMS/TOOLS & PEOPLE/ANIMAL POWER

MASS PRODUCTION BY MACHINERIES & NEW METHODS

SPECIALIZATION OF WORK/WORKERS BECAME MORE

PRODUCTIVE

LIFE IMPROVED

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Negative/Bad Points

HARMFUL WORKING CONDITIONS/NEW

RISKS & DISEASES

POLLUTION INCREASED

CAPITALISTS EMPLOYED

WOMEN AND YOUNG

CHILDREN

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Various workplace accident from 1998-2002

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Reported industrial accidents from 1997 to mid 2002 statistic

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Fact and figure related to occupational disease reported by DOSH - May 2014

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Development of safety & health movement

GOVERNMENT RESPONSE

TRAGEDIES &

ACCIDENTS

ROLE OF

ORGANISED

LABOUR/UNION

SPECIFIC

HEALTH

PROBLEMS

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Malaysia’s Milestone in HSE Movement

• 1878 First Machinery Inspector is appointed

• 1892 Selangor Boiler Enactment

• 1953 The enactment of Machinery Ordinance/The birth of Machinery Dpt

• 1967 Factories and Machinery Act/Machinery Department expanded to

become Factories and Machinery Department (FMD)

• 1975 The enactment of Environmental Quality Act 1974/The formation of

Department of Environment

• 1992 Formation of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

(NIOSH)

• 1994 Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 is adopted

FMD is transformed to Department of Occupational Safety and

Health (DOSH)

• 2000 Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals and Hazardous to

Health Regulations is operated.

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US S

afe

ty m

ovem

ent

Bhopal tragedy

Asbestosmenace

Hawk nest

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Development of HSE programs

Early safety programs were based on the “Three E’s of Safety”.

Engineering - Design improvement in process &

product

Education/Research - Cultivate safety

awareness/habits, safety training

Enforcement - Ensure compliance to law &

regulations by enforcement, penalty

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Development of HSE programs

Benefits:

• Make the environment safe

• Make the job safe

• Make all employees do the job safely

• Less compensation and medical bills –financial savings.

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Department of Occupational Safety and Health(DOSH) is responsible for :

Ensuring the safety, health and welfare ofpersons at work and;

Protections of other people from hazards arisingfrom the activities of persons at work in variouseconomic sector.

Development of safety organisations

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Development of safety organisations

National Institute Of Occupational Safety And Health (NIOSH)

is the centre for training, consultancy, information dissemination and research in occupational safety and health in Malaysia.

Established in 1992 to spearhead the safety and health culture at the workplace in Malaysia.

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Development of safety organisations

Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) / Pertubuhan Keselamatan Social (PERKESO)

is committed to ensure socio-economic securityof all working Malaysian citizens including theirdependants.

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Other related organisations

• American Public Health Association

• Bureau of Labor Statistics

• US Consumer Product Safety Commission

• National Safety Council

• Environmental Protection Agency

• Department of Environment

• Department of Public Health

• Ministry of Health

• Ministry of Human Resource

Mala

ysia

govern

ment a

gencie

s

U.S

. Org

aniza

tions/ a

gencie

s

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OSH situation in Malaysia

Study by MTUC (Malaysian Trades Union Congress)

• Objective is to investigate:

• Implementation of the OSH act 1994

• OSH culture in workplaces

• Heath & Safety situation in workplaces

Based on 226 respondents

1. Implementation of the OSH act 1994• No OSH policy = 26%• No implementation of OSH policy = 40.5%• No OSH committee = 32.4%• No workers rep. in OSH committee = 30.2%• OSH committee elected by employer only = 44.7%• OSH committee not effective = 52.3%

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OSH situation in Malaysia

2. OSH culture in workplaces

• First aid system in place = 80.2%• PPE provided = 76% but 45.1% use them• Not informed about OSH matters = 31.3%• No general medical examination forworkers = 51.1%

3. Heath & Safety situation in workplaces

• Fatal accidents happened = 23.7%• Workplace is not healthy = 43.5%• Undergo stress problem = 49.6%

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HSE Movement TodayIntegrated approach to safety and health

Medical treatment for injured or ill workersRegular monitoring of workers exposed to toxic

Qualified Doctor

HSE staff –Industrial Hygiene Chemist/Engineer, Radiation Control Specialist, Physicians, Psychologists, Industrial Safety Engineer, HSE executive, HSE manager.

Rapid growth in the profession -Associate and Baccalaureate degree programmes in industrial technology include industrial safety courseEngineering degree programs integrate HSE course Colleges and Universities offer full degrees in HSE

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“Some 80% to 90% of our students leave school each year tojoin the labour pool and if they are safety conscious students,they will also become safety conscious workers.”

“This will benefit themselves, their employers and society ingeneral when productivity is increased and unnecessary costsand sufferings caused by industrial accidents will beminimised,''

The Star, Wednesday, January 22, 2003

The HRs Ministry hold discussions with the EducationMinistry on ways to incorporate “fun lessons'' on safetyand health standards in the school curriculum - DeputyMinister Dr Abdul Latiff Ahmad .

Making safety issues fun to learn

30End of Lecture

Lesson learned – life is precious and cannot be replaced

Summary:

DefinitionThe important of HSEHistorical perspective

of OSHDevelopment of HSE

program and organisationApproach to safety