Lecture # 6Topic: Land & the People of Pakistan III

• Recap of lecture # 5• Background &Location of Pakistan • Land boundaries & Border countries: Afghanistan,

China , India, Iran ,Coast line• Climate• Natural resources• Current Environmental Issues

Cont.

• Natural Hazards• Government• Export commodities• Imports commodities• TV and Radio station• Agriculture, fishing, forestry & mining• International agreements• Now Today’s topic

Annual Rainfall- Its Distribution and types

• Rainfall in Pakistan is mostly brought by the following Types of winds in different periods during the year:

i. Convectional rain in early summerii. Monsoonal or relief rain in summer from south

west monsooniii. Cyclonic rain caused by depressions brought along

the prevailing westerly winds in the cool seasons.

Seasons• Hot Season – April to June• Rainy Season – July to September• Cool Season – October to March

Rural and Urban Areas

• Pakistan is an agricultural country and 80 % of its people form the rural population of the country,

• The villages, towns and small cities form the rural areas of Pakistan

• Their main profession is cultivation and ploughing

Differences between Rural and Urban Way of Life

• The rural and urban life differs in a number of ways. For an agricultural country like Pakistan, it is essential to understand how and why life in rural and urban areas differs.

• 1. FunctionVillages and towns differ in function. Villages are usually engaged in primary activities, including farming, animal keeping, loading, fishing etc.

Cont.• Towns are engaged in secondary activities, like

manufacturing, trade, transport, telecommunications, education, medical treatment and other activities.

Cont.• However, these two sets of activities are not

exclusively confined to rural and urban areas. Shops, transportation services, educational and medical facilities are found in rural areas, too.

• But less facilities of modern life, are available in villages as compare to town and cities.

Cont.• In urban areas, on the other hand, relationships tend to be

impersonal; urban areas are thickly populated that most people do not even know who their neighbors are. This is case in large urban centers like Karachi and Islamabad.

• LifestyleSome specialists believe that lifestyle is a distinguishing feature of villages and towns. According to them, close contact with other members of the community is a distinctive feature of rural life. The inhabitants of a village, for example, usually know each other personally.

Cont.

• However, even in modern cities, there are pockets in the city where people who belong to the same community or village live. In such areas people know each other and have closer contact with their neighbors.

• In small towns, which are in reality overgrown villages, most people known one another as well.

Cont.

• It is also argued that while village life is traditional, urban life is rational. This is not entirely the case in Pakistan. Most of the urban population in Pakistan has a strong rural background. Although the use of urban facilities changes their way of living, it does not change their way of thinking much.

Cont.

• In Pakistan, the lifestyles of the rich and poor differ far more than the lifestyles of city and village dwellers. The objective application of lifestyle as a factor for distinguishing between villages and towns is therefore difficult.

Cont.

• Population• Another factor used to distinguish between villages

and towns is population. Although this opinion is applied in many countries, there is no agreement on size. In Canada, for example, a settlement with a population of more than 1,000 is considered urban, in Japan more than 30,000 and in Pakistan, 5,000.

Cont.• Pakistan, a settlement can also call itself a town if it

has a two committee or cantonment that controls electricity, the water supply and drainage. For example, Ziarat in Baluchistan had a population of 619 in 1998, but it was still classified as a town because it had these services. However, there are only ten towns with populations of less than 5,000 out of a total 478 urban centers in Pakistan.

Important Cities of Pakistan• Rawalpindi-Islamabada. Famous for: General Headquarters of the Pakistan

Army, Air and Naval Headquartersb. Cotton and textile mills, steel mills and oil refineries.c. Quality educational Institutionsd. Only hill resort in Punjab-Murreee. Beautiful place (Margallah hills)and pleasant climate

Cont.• KarachiKarachi is famous for:a. Capital city of the province Sind and the largest city of Pakistanb. Coast line & Sea portsc. Trade, Industry, education and other fields of lifed. Beautiful beaches- hawks Baye. International Airportf. Quaid –i- Azam was born in Karachig. Steel Mill

Cont.• Lahore is famous for:a. Capital city of the province of Punjabb. Historical cityc. Lahore resolution 1940 & Minar-i-Pakistand. City of Collegese. City of Gardensf. Commercial and trade centerg. Number of Newspapers, journals and magazines

published from Lahore

Cont.

• Peshawar is famous for:a. Peshawar is the capital city of Khyber

Pakhtunkhawa.b. Khyber passc. Historical cityd. Qissa Khawani Bazare. Famous educational Institutions

Cont.• Quetta is famous for:a. Quetta is the provincial capital of Baluchistanb. Bolan Pass, Hanna lake and Urak valleyc. Staff College d. Important center of Baluchistane. Educational Institutionsf. Strategic importance g. Fruit producing city

Provincial Setup of Pakistan

• History: In 1947 Pakistan was consist on two provinces, East Pakistan and west Pakistan.The Eastern part was separated from the rest of the country in 1971.

• The Present Pakistan which consists of the western part of the country, comprises of four provinces and a number of Tribal ares.

• The tribal areas are situated in the extreme north of the country.

Cont.• These provinces are further sub-divided into divisions.• And divisions into districts and sub-divisions for

administrative purposes.• Every district is divided into tehsil while the tehsils

consist on several villages.• Before partition Punjab, East and west Punjab, consist

of 28 districts, Eleven districts fell in Easteran Punjab, which declared as part of India, and 17 districts were included in the Western Punjab which fell in Pakistan.

Cont.• This distribution of districts remained unchanged till

1956 when scheme of One Unit was introduced in Pakistan

• One Unit was dissolved by President Yahya Khan in 1969 and Punjab once again got the status of a province.

• At that time three new districts were announced and after this many new districts announced till 1991.

Baluchistan & KPK

• There are 29 districts in Baluchistan.• Baluchistan has the lowest population density.• Quetta is the biggest city of Baluchistan• KPK has 24 districts• The urban population in the province has increased• Peshawar is the biggest city of KPK

Sind & Punjab

• Sind is called the gift of the Indus.• It is known as Babul Islam because of Muhammad

bin Qasim. It is the land of sufis, saints and poets.• The province has 27 districts• The word Punjab means the land of the five rivers.• It is the biggest province of the country• Punjab has 35 districts

Northern Areas• Northern Areas or Gilgit –Baltistan is the

northernmost region of Pakistan.• It has six districts.• Five peaks of the world are in the northern areas of

Pakistan• World’s largest glaciers are in Northern areas such as

Baltoro & Hipsar.• K-2, 2nd highest mountain of the world is in Northern

areas.

Social life in Pakistan• And above all, we boost of a strong social unit.• Our family system is strongest in the world where we respect

our elders and do not abandon them to old homes. • We in Pakistan, have a social setup where a

father/grandfather is usually considered a figure of authority and this helps keeps things balanced at home.

• Pakistan is the best place to be when you are in your old age. we have a country that make us, Pakistanis, everywhere proud. So stand up and tell the world,

“We are proud to be a Pakistani”.

Physical Environment forms Human Environment

• Physical Environment• Natural Resources:• water Sources: Rivers, Glaciers, Ground Water• Land Forms :Mountain, Valleys, Plateaus, Plains,

Deserts• Climate: Temperature, Rainfall, Pressure, Humidity• Minerals: Metallic, Non-Metallic• Natural Vegetation: Forests

Cont.Human Resources:• Industry• Agriculture• Mining• Settlement• Transport• Trade

Summery

• Annual Rainfall- Its Distribution and types, • Seasons, • Rural and Urban Areas, • Differences between Rural and Urban Way of Life, • Important Cities of Pakistan, • Provincial Setup of Pakistan• Social life in Pakistan

“We are proud to be a Pakistani”.