EL102

LECTURE-6

\-Indirect questions

-Present Perfect vc Present Perfect Continuous

-Use already, still , and yet with the Present

Perfect

-Use since and for with the Present Perfect and

Present Perfect Continuous

Indirect questions

Indirect questions

Indirect questions are questions within questions and statements.

Use them to ask something in a more polite manner or to express to

ideas in one sentence.

Example:

What is he doing here? + Do you know? = Do you know what he is doing here?

Wh question indirect questions

Why is he doing that? + I don’t know. = I don’t know why he is doing that.

Statement indirect questions

Indirect questions

The indirect questions can be part of a question or a statement and

they follow a statement order.

Forms to make indirect questions.

•Information question within questions

Direct question: What is the problem?

Indirect question: Can you tell me what the problem is?

Not: Can you tell me what is the problem?

• Yes-no questions within questions (use if or whether)

Direct question: Is the computer working?

Indirect question: Do you know if the computer is working?

Not: Do you know if is the computer working?

Absolutely. Right over there. Can I ask you what your name is?

Well, my name is Dave. Nice to meet you.

Excuse me. Do you know where the copy machine is?

Yes, I am Bob Sanders. I am new here.

First day on the job

I would like to know if I can get a bigger office.

I want to know why the previous person left.

I was wondering who fixes the computers.

“Who fixes the computers?”“Can I get a bigger office?”

“Why did the previous person leave?”

Indirect Questions

Do you know whether the boss likes practical jokes.

Would you mind telling me if you have any more chocolate donuts.

Indirect Yes / No Questions 1

Use if or whether in indirect yes/noquestions.

“Do you have any more chocolate donuts?”

“Does the boss like practical jokes?”

Indirect Yes / No Questions 2

Whether is more formal than if. We often use whether or not to report yes/no questions.

Can you tell me whether or not I can take a break. “Can I take a

break?”

Practice 1

1. “Does the company provide a car?” I have no idea…

2. “Can I have a company credit card?” Do you have an idea …

3. “Did he order a new computer?” Do you know …

Change the direct questions into indirect questions. Use if, whether, or whether or not.

I have no idea if the company provides a car.

Do you have an idea whether I can get a company credit card.

Do you know whether or not he ordered a new computer?

“Do you like your new job?” Can you tell me…

Example:

Can you tell me if you like your new job.

Can you tell me whether you like your new job.

Do you know when the next office party is.

I wonder how many copies I can make. “How many copies

can I make?”

Wh- Questions 1Use question words in indirect wh- questions.

“When is the next office party?”

Word Order 1Use statement word order (subject + verb), not question word order, for indirect yes/no questions.

“Can you turn off the fax machine?”

Can you tell me if you can turn off the fax machine.

Word Order 2Use statement word order (subject + verb), not question word order, for indirect wh- questions about the predicate (usually the last part of the sentence).

“Why do the meetings last so long?”

Tell me why the meetings lasts so long.

Word Order 3Use statement word order (subject + verb), not question word order, for indirect wh- questions about the subject (usually the first part of the sentence).

“Who made the coffee?”

Do you know who made the coffee.

Subject

Be Careful!

I wonder whatwas the dress code.

If a direct question about the subject has the form question word + be + noun, then the indirect question has the form question word + noun + be.

“What is the dress code?”the dress code was.

I wanted to know do I have any new video games.any new video games.

if I had

AuxiliariesIn indirect questions, do not use the auxiliary do, does, or did.

“Do you have any new video games?”

He asked me if you could wake him up in an hour ?

Punctuation

In indirect questions, do not end with a question mark (end with a period).

“Could you wake me up in an hour?”

.

?

Practice 2

1. “What’s the name of the company?” I don’t know…

2. “How many people work for the company?”I have no idea …

3. “How long has the boss worked in the office?”I wonder …

Change the direct questions into indirect questions.

I don’t know what the name of the company is.

I have no idea how many people work for the company.

I wonder how long the boss has worked in the office.

“Where is my office?” Do you know…

Example:

Do you know where my office is.

Present perfect simple & continuous

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

FORM: have / has + past participleUSES:

1. LIFE EXPERIENCES

I’ve been to China.She’s ridden a horse.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

ALREADY, JUST, STILL & YET

They’ve just left. (a short time ago)I still haven’t finished it. (sth is thathasn’t finished)She’s already called her friend. (sthhas happened early)They haven’t finished yet. (at anytime up to now)

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

It’s the best meal I’ve ever had.

It’s the first time he’s given a speech.

2. SUPERLATIVES & “THE FIRST, SECOND, LAST TIME”, ETC

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

3. CONNECTION PAST & PRESENT

I’ve sprained my ankle, as you can see.

He’s lost his keys.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

4. HOW LONG / FOR/ SINCE (NON-ACTION VERBS:be, have, know, like, etc)

I’ve known Maria for 10 years.They’ve had that car since 2007.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

5. HOW MUCH / HOW MANY

How many books have you written?

I’ve spent too much money.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FORM: HAVE / HAS + BEEN + VERB + INGUSES:1. “HOW LONG / FOR / SINCE” WITH ACTION VERBS (action started in past & continues now)

She’s been travelling by bus for 5 years.

How long have you been feeling like this?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

2. REPEATED ACTIONS, ESPECIALLY WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS LIKE ALL DAY, RECENTLY, ETC

I have been arguing with my husband lately.The phone has been ringing all day.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

3. CONTINUOUS ACTIONS THAT HAVEJUST FINISHED (WITH RESULT IN THEPRESENT)He’s been running all day. He’s dead!

A: Look at your hands! They’re so filthy!B: I know. I’ve been painting the living room.

SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS?

With “How long?, For & Since” we can use both. However, we prefer thecontinuous for shorter, temporaryactions.We’ve lived in London since 1980.We’ve been living in London since1980.We’ve been staying in a hotel for thelast month.

SIMPLE OR CONTINUOUS?

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE:Emphasis on the RESULT of theactionI’ve painted my living room.PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:Emphasis on the DURATION of theactionI’ve been painting my living room.

Use the verbs in brackets in present perfect simple or continuous.

1. We can go home. We ………………… ...(mend) three cars today.

2.We …………. ……………………(mend) cars since 1 o'clock and we aren't finished.

3. Fortunately, I ………….. …… (find) my credit card. Here it is.

4. I ………………………………. (look for) my keys since we came home. Where are they?!

Practice

have mended

have been mending

have found

have been looking for

5. She ………………………. (make) puddings all day.

6.How many puddings …………… she…………. ? (eat)

7. What you …………………….? (do) You are so dirty!

8. Why are you crying? - I ……………………. (watch) a film.

9. Joy ……………… (send) you a letter. Look!

10. I ………………………….. (clean) windows since lunch time. It's so exhausting.

has been making

has made

have been doing

have been watching

has send

have been cleaning

Thank you for your attention!Any questions?