lecture 3-chemical safety

8/12/2019 Lecture 3-Chemical Safety

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3/24/2014Industrial Safety Lecture Three1

Chemical SafetyJoe Nail


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Introduction

What is a Chemical Hazard?

Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness,injury, or an emergency.

Chemical Hazards Physical Health


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Chemical Hazards


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Chemical Hazards

PyrophoricFlammable ChemicalsCombustible ChemicalsOxidizers


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OHSAs Haz-Com Standard


OSHAs Hazard Communication Standard is designed to protectemployees from hazardous chemicals used or stored in the worksetting.

Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the HazardCommunication Standard requires that information andtraining (i.e., hazcom training) be provided to any employeeswho have the potential of being exposed to a hazardous chemicalunder normal condition of use or in a foreseeable emergency. Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardouschemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of ways,including:


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PurposeThe purpose of the

standard is to make sure

that the hazards of

chemicals are evaluated

That information

concerning their hazards iscommunicated to

employers and employees


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Who is covered

OSHAs Hazard Communication(HazCom) standard applies to generalindustry, shipyard, marine terminals,longshoring, and constructionemployment and covers chemical

manufacturers, importers, employers,and employees exposed to chemicalhazards.

Horizontal


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HazCom Requirements

The hazardous chemical inventoryMaterial Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

Labels, tags or signsThe written Hazard Communicationprogram



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Employers

Employers are required to provide informationto their employees about the hazardouschemicals to which they are exposed using: A hazard communication program labels and other forms of warnings material safety data sheets (MSDS) information and training


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Warehouse and Retail Operations

In work operations where employees onlyhandle chemicals in sealed containers, whichare not opened under normal conditions

Employers must only do the following: Ensure labels on incoming chemicals

are not defaced or removed

Maintain copies of any material safety data sheetsthat are received with incoming shipments

Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received

w/out MSDS


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Warehouse and Retail Operations

Provide employees with information andtraining (no written program required) to theextent necessary to protect them in the event

of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical froma sealed container


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Labeling Exemptions

Other federal agencies control the labelingrequirements for the following substances: Pesticides

Chemicals covered under the Toxic SubstanceControl Act

Foods or food additives

Distilled Spirits, tobacco

Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics

Hazardous wastes


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Employer Requirements-Written Program

Employers must develop a written programthat covers at least:

Labels and other forms of warnings Material Safety Data Sheets

Employee Information and Training


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Employer Requirements-Written Program

Employers must develop a written programthat covers at least: A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be

present at the facility along with MSDSs for eachchemical

The methods the employer

will use to inform employeesof the hazards non-routine tasks

The hazards of chemicals

in unlabeled pipes


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Multi-Employer WorkplacesIf employees of other employers could beexposed to hazardous chemicals the programmust include:

Methods to provide contractor employees with on-site access to MSDS for each chemical thoseworkers may be exposed to

The methods used to inform other employers ofany precautionary measures to be taken fornormal and emergency situations

The employers chemical labeling system


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Consumer Products Exemption Any consumer product as defined in the

Consumer Product Safety Act where theemployer can show that: It is used in the workplace for the purpose

intended The use results in a duration and frequency of

exposure which is not greater than the range of

exposures that could reasonably be experiencedby consumers when used for the purpose intended


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Written Program AvailabilityThe employer must make the written programavailable, upon request, to: Employees and their designated representatives

Where work is carried out at more than onelocation, the program may be kept at the mainlocation


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Labels, Tags and MarkingsThe employer must ensure that each

container of hazardous chemicals in theworkplace is labeled, tagged or marked withthe following:

Identity of the hazardous chemical Appropriate hazard warnings

This above labeling information is required ofthe manufacturer so the employer mustensure that the original labels from themanufacturer are on all containers andremain legible


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Container Labeling Exemption forPortable Containers

The employer is not required to label portablecontainers into which hazardous chemicals aretransferred from labeled containers, and whichare intended only for the immediate use bythe employee who performs the transfer


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The employer need notaffix new labels to comply

with the standard ifexisting labels already covey

the required information


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New Hazard Information

Manufacturers, importers,distributors and employerswho become newly aware of

significant informationregarding chemical hazardsshall:

Revise the labels for thechemical within three months

Revise the MSDS for thechemical within three months


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MSDS kept in other formsMSDS may be kept in any form includingoperating procedures

It may be more appropriate to address the

hazards of a process rather than individualhazardous chemicals


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Employee Information andTraining

Employers must provide employeesinformation and training on hazardouschemicals in their work area: At the time of their initial assignment

Whenever a new physical or health hazard

the employees have not previously beentrained about is introduced into their workarea

Training may cover categories of hazards


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Employee Information

Employers must inform employees: Of the training requirements of this section(1910.1200 (h) Employee information andtraining. );

Any operations in their work area wherehazardous chemicals are present;

The location and availability of the written hazardcommunication program


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Employee TrainingEmployee training shall include at least: The means to detect the presence or release of a

hazardous chemical in the work area The physical and health hazards of chemicals in

the work area Measures employees can take to protect

themselves Details of the employers specific program


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3/24/2014Industrial Safety Lecture Three 29

Health Hazards

Category A-Biological AgentsCategory B-Physical Agents

Category C-Chemical Agents

Chemical Agents-This Discussion


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Chemical Health Effects

Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact.Corrosives: Destroy skin ti ssue at point ofcontact.Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions.Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specif icbody or gans and systems.Reproductive Hazards: Change geneticinformation in egg or sperm cells and/ordamage fetus after conception.Carcinogens: Cause cancer .


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Health Hazards

SensitizersTarget-Organ Chemicals

Reproductive HazardsCarcinogens


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Health Hazards

IrritantsCorrosives


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Corrosive

Visible destruction, or irreversible damage tobody tissue

Acids

Caustics (or bases)

pH Scale

1 147

AcidsCaustics(or bases)


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HepatotoxinsChemicals which produce liver damage

Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver

enlargement

Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride,

nitrosamines


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Nephrotoxins

Chemicals whichproduce kidney damage

Signs and Symptoms:Edema

Chemicals: Halogenated

Hydrocarbons, uranium


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NeurotoxinsChemicals whichproduce their primarytoxic effects on the

nervous systemSigns and Symptoms:Narcosis, behavioral

changes, decreasedmotor function

Chemicals: Mercury,


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Agents which act on the blood

Decrease hemoglobin

function, deprive the

body tissues of oxygen

Signs and Symptoms:Cyanosis, loss of

consciousness

Chemicals: Carbon

monoxide, cyanides


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Agents which damage the lungs

Chemicals whichdamage pulmonary

tissue

Signs and Symptoms:

Cough, tightness in

the chest, loss ofbreath

Chemicals: Asbestos,


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Reproductive toxinsChemicals which damage

reproductive capabilities

Includes chromosomal

damage (mutations) anddamage to fetuses

(teratogenesis)

Signs and Symptoms:

Birth defects, sterility

Chemicals: Lead


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1910 1200 (g)(2) MSDS


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1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS,required information

Identity of the chemicalPhysical and chemicalcharacteristics

Physical hazardsChemical hazards

Primary routes of entry

PELs or otherexposure limits

Control measures

Emergency procedures

Whether the hazardouschemical is listed in theNational ToxicologyProgram (NTP) AnnualReport on Carcinogens

precautions for safehandling and use

Date of preparation

Name, address andtelephone of the

manufacturer

l f h f


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Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of Labor

May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form)

29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements.Form Approved

OMB No. 1218-0072

IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. Ifany item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked toindicate that.

Section I

Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number

Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number forInformation

Date Prepared

Signature of Preparer (optional)


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Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information

Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity;

Common Name(s)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other

Limits

Recommended % (optional)


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Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics

Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H 2O = 1)

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point

Vapor Density (AIR = 1) Evaporation Rate(Butyl Acetate = 1)

Solubility in Water

Appearance and Odor


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Section V Reactivity Data


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Section V - Reactivity Data

Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid

Stable

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts

HazardousPolymerization May Occur Conditions to Avoid

Will Not Occur

Section VI Health Hazard Data


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Section VI - Health Hazard Data

Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion?

Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)

Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHARegulated?

Signs and Symptoms of Exposure

Medical ConditionsGenerally Aggravated by Exposure

Emergency and First Aid Procedures


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Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use

Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled

Waste Disposal Method

Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing

Other Precautions


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Setting up a program

The HCS covers both: Physical hazards (such as flammability),

and

Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage,and cancer)

Most chemicals used in the workplace havesome hazard potential, and thus will becovered by the rule

S i


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Setting up a programOne difference between this rule and manyothers adopted by OSHA is that this one isperformance-oriented

That means that you have the flexibility toadapt the rule to the needs of your workplace,rather than having to follow specific, rigid

requirements


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Make a list of all chemicals in the workplacethat are potentially hazardousThe best way to prepare a comprehensivelist is to survey the workplace

Identify chemicals in containers, includingpipesEstablish purchasing procedures so that

MSDSs are being received before amaterial is used in the workplace

Setting up a program

Identif ha ardo s


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Identify hazardouschemicals in the workplace.

Compile a complete list of the potentiallyhazardous chemicals in the workplaceDetermine if you have received material

safety data sheets for all of themIf any are missing, contact your supplierand request one

You should not allow employees to useany chemicals for which you have notreceived an MSDS


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Preparing and implementing a hazardcommunication program

All workplaces where employees

are exposed to hazardous

chemicals must have a written

plan

The plan does not have to be

lengthy or complicated

E l i i


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Employee trainingIf there are only a few chemicals in theworkplace, then you may want to discuss eachone individually

Where there are large numbers of chemicals,or the chemicals change frequently, you willprobably want to train generally based on the

hazard categories (e.g., flammable liquids,corrosive materials, carcinogens)

D i


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DocumentationThe rule does not requireemployers to maintainrecords of employee

training, but manyemployers choose to do so

This may help you monitor

your own program toensure that all employeesare appropriately trained

HazardCommunication


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Forms of Chemical Hazards

Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists,Dusts, and Fumes.

Exposure Routes


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Control of Chemical Hazards

and ExposuresEngineer ing and M echanical ControlsPersonal Protective Equipment

Administrative and Procedural Controls


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Chemical Spill Response

Requires Special Training

What can I do?


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Chemical Spill ResponseCFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard

(HAZWOPER)

Option #1-Evacuate employees and call inprofessional emergency responsepersonnel . (EAP) 29 CF R1010.38(a)

Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR1010.120


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Emergency Action Plan (EAP)



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Emergency Response Plan

(ERP)



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Review


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Review1. Give the names of the two chemical hazards.2. What name is given to a chemical which will burst intoflame when contacted by air?3. What term is given to chemicals which can cause and/or support fire in other materials?4. What is a health hazard?5. Which kind of health hazard destroys skin on contact?6. Chemicals that cause sterility, fetal death, and birthdefects are called ____________.7. What is a carcinogen?8. Give the three states in which a chemical can exist.

9. Give the three ways employees can be exposed tohealth hazards.10.What are the most common skin contact hazards?11.What is an MSDS?12 What kind of information is found on the MSDS?

lecture 3-chemical safety

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