CHEMICAL HAZARD & SAFETYTHE BASIC CHEMICAL HAZARD CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFY CHEMICAL HAZARDThe hazard of a chemical needs to be classified for the safe handling, storage, transportation and disposal of toxic chemicals & hazardous wastes

WHY CLASSIFY THE HAZARD?Rapid determination of the hazardous substance present and the evaluation of the potential threat to people and the environment;Determine actions that are needed to isolate the hazardous substance and prevent injury or death;To prepare for safe transportation to storage area or disposal facility; andIdentify the best place for disposal of the toxic and hazardous waste.

BASIC CHEMICAL HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONUse of qualitative analysis to classify hazard into one of 9 CategoriesThe 9 Categories are those used internationally on PlacardsIdentify the toxicity or toxicological properties of the toxic hazardous wastes

9 HAZARD CATEGORIESClass 1 - ExplosivesClass 2 Flammable GasesClass 3 Flammable/Combustible LiquidsClass 4 Flam. Solids/Dangerous When WetClass 5 Oxidizers and Organic PeroxidesClass 6 Toxic Materials/Infectious SubstanceClass 7 Radioactive MaterialsClass 8 Corrosive MaterialsClass 9 - Miscellaneous

CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMSCommon Chemical Terms:Product: Unused chemicals with known characteristics.Provided in Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)Non-Product:Used chemical (spent), orWasted into unknown situations, orWhen mixed with other unknown wastes, no longer has known characteristics. It is now a hazardous waste

CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS(continued)Hazardous Substances: Any hazardous chemical elements or compounds or hazardous wastes or a combination of the above.

Physical Properties:ColorPhysical State: liquid, solid, or gaseous

CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS(continued)Chemical Characteristics:Acid/Base (pH)Burns skin, corrodes metal

Flammability/CombustibilityFireExplosion

ReactivityAir, water, moisture, with other materials

CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS(continued)Water SolubilityWater pollutionFlash PointVapor ignite at certain temperatureBoiling PointIndication of physical stateVapor concentration at given temperature

SUMMARYClassify the toxic hazardous wastes for:

Protection of human healthWorkers, people, foodProtection of the environmentWater, vegetation, air, soilSafe handling, storage, transportation and disposal of toxic hazardous wastes

SEGREGATION AND SEPARATION OF TOXIC & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

WHY SEGREGATE AND SEPARATE?SafetyTransportation (trucks, rail boxes)ShippingStorage (warehouse, storerooms, temporary indoors or outdoor areas)Reduce hazardous & toxic materials harmTo citizensTo environmentTo workersInternational system apply (GHS)

Segregation & Separation Using International LabelsSeparated & segregated based on IWIC, ICAO or similar systemsLabels: found on small things - packagesLabels look like Placards, exceptLabels are smaller (1/3 the size of Placards)Labels are on boxes, cylinders, drums and bottlesLabels indicate the hazard the same as those in the PlacardsPlacards are on trucks, rail cars big things

Segregation of HazardsConcept: Do not place one hazard in the same place as another hazard

Example: flammable with toxic gas

The Segregation & Separation Chart

Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Heat Generation & Violent ReactionIncompatibility Guide

Group 1-AGroup 1-BAcetyleneAcid SludgeAlkaline Caustic LiquidsAcid WaterAlkaline CleanersBattery AcidAlkaline Acidic LiquidsChemical CleanersCaustic Waste Water Etching Acid SolutionsLime SludgePicking LiquorLime Waste WaterSpent Acid SolutionsSpent CausticsAcid Materials

Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Heat Generation & Violent ReactionIncompatibility Guide

Group 2-AGroup 2-BAluminum

Any Waste in Group 1-Aor 1-BBerylliumCalciumLithiumPotassiumSodiumZinc PowderReactive MetalsMetal Hydrides

Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Fire Explosion, Heat & Toxic GasesIncompatibility Guide

Group 3-AGroup 3-BAlcoholsAny concentrated wastesWaterFrom Groups 1-A or 1-BAny compoundsSodium Metalcontaining waterCalcium MetalLithium MetalPotassium MetalMetal HydridesSO2Cl2+ SOCl2+ PCl2Water Reactive Wastes

Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Heat Generation & Violent ReactionIncompatibility Guide

Group 4-AGroup 4-BAlcoholsConcentrated Group 1-AAldehydesOr with Group 1-BChlorinated SolventsNitrated HydrocarbonsHydrocarbonsGroup 2-AOrganic SolventsGasoline, Diesels, FuelsPetroleum Products

Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) gas or Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) gasIncompatibility Guide

Group 5-AGroup 5-BSpent Cyanide SolutionsGroup 1-B WastesSpent Sulfide Solutions

Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Fire Explosion, or Violent ReactionsIncompatibility Guide

Group 6-AGroup 6-BChloratesAcetic AcidChlorineOrganic AcidsChloritesMineral AcidsChromic AcidGroup 2-A wastesHypochloritesGroup 4-A wastesNitratesFlammable WastesNitric AcidCombustible wastesPerchloratesPermaganatesPeroxidesStrong Oxidizers

Storage Recommendation Segregation/ SeparationCompressed Gas CylinderStorage AreaFlammable Gas CylinderNon Flammable Gas Cylinder

Flammable Storage Area

Corrosive Storage Area

Radioactive Storage AreaPoison Storage AreaOxidizer Storage AreaEtiological/Infectious

Water Reactive AreaOrganic Peroxide Storage AreaSpontaneously CombustibleDangerous When Wet

Explosive Storage Area

Low Hazard Storage Area Unlabeled low hazard materials (e.g., combustible lubricant or oil) and certain labeled low hazard materials (e.g., lime, label ORM-B) may be stored in a general purpose facility or area

Additional Storage RecommendationMaterial with more than one hazard (e.g., flammable and poison) should be stored in an area designed to store both types of hazard.Compressed gas cylinders are preferably stored out of doors, protected from the ground beneath and direct sunlight.Separation/ segregation should e by physical means (walls) where possible.Other regulated materials (ORM) should be stored in an area designated for primary hazard of the material (e.g., flammable aerosol, ORM-D, should stored as a flammable liquid).Storage area must meet standard requirements for the hazard.

Mixing of Incompatible Chemicals can be DisastrousIncompatible Mixtures Procedures

Ammonia + Bleach =Noxious FumesAcids +Cyanides =Poison GasFlammable liquid +Hydrogen Peroxide =Fire/ExplosionAcid + Oil or Grease =FireMEKP+ Any Contamination =Heat/GassingAcids + Caustics =Heat/SpatteringCaustics + Epoxies =Extreme HeatChloride Gas + Acetylene =Explosion

The consequence of these reaction may result in personal injury, death, property damage, and adverse environmental impact.

Avoid mixing incompatible chemicalsSeparate/ segregate incompatible chemicalsWhen in doubt, consult supervisor.

Flammable LiquidFlammable material can:Burn rapidlyGive off intense heatProduce heavy smokeSpread rapidly to other areas.Some chemicals evaporates making the work area unsafeflammableEvaporation is increased by elevated temperatures.

CorrosiveSome chemicals will breakdown into corrosive/ poisonous gases/fumesApplies to hazardous materials labeled: TOXIC, POISON, RADIOACTIVE, ETIOLOGIC AGENTS and others.Corrosive materials can burn your skin eyes.

Toxic/PoisonPrincipal HazardsPoisoningFireEnvironmental contamination

Fumes, vapors and dust pass quickly into the bloodstream from the lungs

ExplosiveSome chemicals will EXPLODE in the presence of heat or flame.

Hazardous materials such as Flammable Liquids and Compressed Gasses can react like explosive materials.

Water Reactive Spontaneously CombustibleFlammable solid include water-reactive and spontaneously combustible materials.Water-reactive materials are likely to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gasses when in contact with water.Spontaneously combustible materials are likely to burn

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