1. Hypothetical Imperative Categorical ImperativeLecture 2.4bIntro to ReasonsNormative ForceJustification

2. What is a reason? Df. s is a reason if and onlyif s is a fact that justifiessomething. 3. What is a reason for action?Df. s is a reason for action ifand only if s is a fact thatjustifies an action. 4. Some More NotationWell be quantifying over variables in the set{actions} (we will just call it A for short), whichincludes every possible action one can engagein, examples include: Going to the park Having a baby Logging into Reddit 5. Some More NotationWell also be talking about the entire set ofsentences (which we will call S) which are justregular old propositions, sentences which can betrue or false: Going to the park is fun. Having a baby gets you child support. There are cat pictures on Reddit. 6. Some More NotationFinally, well also need to discuss people, whichare members of the set well call P King Henry The Designer of Reddit Aristotle 7. Two Groups of Reasons forActing Hypothetical Reason: A reason toact that is a reason only because of agoal or rule. Categorical Reason: A reason to actthat is a reason absolutely, andindependently of any goal. 8. Two Types of Reasons for Acting Instrumental Reason: A reason toact that is a reason only becauseof another reason. Intrinsic: A reason to act that is areason independently of any otherreason 9. When do you have a reason? 10. When do you have a reason? Instrumental ReasonIntrinsic Reason 11. When do you have a reason? 12. When do you have a reason? Instrumental ReasonIntrinsic Reason