Learning To Use New

Testament Greek

Lesson XI

ajgro;V, oJ

fieldagrarian

dou:loV, oJ

servant, slave

qa;natoV, oJ

deaththanatology – study

of death

li;qoV, oJ

stonelithography

uiJoV, oJ

son

e[rgon, to;

workerg = unit of work

ergonomic

eujalle’lion, to;

gospelevangelical

teknon, to;

child

e[rhmoV, hJ

wilderness, deserthermit

oJdoV, hJ

road, wayodometer

ginw;skw

I knowGnostic

lamba;nw

I take, I receive

fe;rw

I bring, I bearChristopher – bearer of Christ

de;

now, but

Nouns (of the 2nd declension)

• names person, place, thing, quality or idea

• John 1 “12 But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name: 13 who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.”– blood is a noun– Greek aimatwn (Plural genitive

noun)• English – mass noun (e.g. sugar)• Literally “bloods”

– Indicates family lineage

Distinctive Features Of A Noun

• Case– Nominative, Genitive, Dative,

Accusative, **Vocative**

• Gender– Masculine, Feminine, neuter

• Number– Singular, plural

• In Greek: Declensions– 1st, 2nd, 3rd (Refers to a group)

Case• Has to do with the function of

the noun as it relates to the verb or to other parts of a sentence (Essentials Of New Testament

Greek by Ray Summers)– Paul sent the churches a letter.– The churched sent Paul a letter.

• English – subject + verb + IO + DO

• Greek – word order not as critical to determine the subject of the sentence.

– will be known by its ending

Examples

1. Men see apostles.1. blepou;si a[nqrwpoi

ajpo;stolouV.

2. The wisdom of men.2. ejdw:ken a[nqrwpoiV

doma;ta.

3. Apostles see men.3. a[nqrwpous blepou;si

ajpo;stoloi.

Nominative Case

• Indicates subject of the sentence.

• Naming case• E.g. John saw Jesus coming to

him.

• oV, oi

Genitive Case

• The case which describes.• It specifies or qualifies.• Often thought of as the case

of possession.• Often translated with use of

word “of”.• E.g. The disciples of John

fasted.

Dative Case

• Case which points out the person to, or for, whom something is done.

• Most often associated with the indirect object.

• Often translated with word “to” or “for”.

• E.g. Jesus was speaking words of truth to the crowd.

Accusative Case

• “Receives” the action of the verb or that which is directly affected by the action of the verb.

• Known as the direct object.• Relative to the verb, it

answers the question “what?”• E.g. Jesus was speaking

words of truth to the crowd.

Vocative Case

• Not widely used• The case of direct address• E.g. Lord have mercy on

us.

Gender

• Method of classification.• Types: Masculine, Feminine,

Neuter• English – Nouns classified on

basis of natural gender.• Greek – generally follows natural

gender w/ living things.• Things, qualities, ideas are not

necessarily neuter• Recognizing gender is important.

Endings for Nouns of 2nd Declension

Masculine & Feminine

Neuter

Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

Nom

oV oi on a

Gen ou wn ou wvn

Dat w/ oiV w/ oiV

Acc on ouV on a

Voc e oi on a

Articles

• a, an, the• noun marker or determiner• an adjective• “the” is definite – points to

a specific thing• “a” or “an” is indefinite –

general information• Greek has no indefinite

article

Articles

anqrwpoV blepei apostolon.A man sees an apostle.

oJ anqrwpos blepei ton apostolon.The man sees the apostle.