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Learning To Use New
Testament Greek
Lesson XI
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ajgro;V, oJ
fieldagrarian
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dou:loV, oJ
servant, slave
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qa;natoV, oJ
deaththanatology – study
of death
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li;qoV, oJ
stonelithography
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uiJoV, oJ
son
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e[rgon, to;
workerg = unit of work
ergonomic
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eujalle’lion, to;
gospelevangelical
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teknon, to;
child
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e[rhmoV, hJ
wilderness, deserthermit
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oJdoV, hJ
road, wayodometer
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ginw;skw
I knowGnostic
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lamba;nw
I take, I receive
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fe;rw
I bring, I bearChristopher – bearer of Christ
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de;
now, but
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Nouns (of the 2nd declension)
• names person, place, thing, quality or idea
• John 1 “12 But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name: 13 who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.”– blood is a noun– Greek aimatwn (Plural genitive
noun)• English – mass noun (e.g. sugar)• Literally “bloods”
– Indicates family lineage
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Distinctive Features Of A Noun
• Case– Nominative, Genitive, Dative,
Accusative, **Vocative**
• Gender– Masculine, Feminine, neuter
• Number– Singular, plural
• In Greek: Declensions– 1st, 2nd, 3rd (Refers to a group)
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Case• Has to do with the function of
the noun as it relates to the verb or to other parts of a sentence (Essentials Of New Testament
Greek by Ray Summers)– Paul sent the churches a letter.– The churched sent Paul a letter.
• English – subject + verb + IO + DO
• Greek – word order not as critical to determine the subject of the sentence.
– will be known by its ending
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Examples
1. Men see apostles.1. blepou;si a[nqrwpoi
ajpo;stolouV.
2. The wisdom of men.2. ejdw:ken a[nqrwpoiV
doma;ta.
3. Apostles see men.3. a[nqrwpous blepou;si
ajpo;stoloi.
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Nominative Case
• Indicates subject of the sentence.
• Naming case• E.g. John saw Jesus coming to
him.
• oV, oi
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Genitive Case
• The case which describes.• It specifies or qualifies.• Often thought of as the case
of possession.• Often translated with use of
word “of”.• E.g. The disciples of John
fasted.
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Dative Case
• Case which points out the person to, or for, whom something is done.
• Most often associated with the indirect object.
• Often translated with word “to” or “for”.
• E.g. Jesus was speaking words of truth to the crowd.
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Accusative Case
• “Receives” the action of the verb or that which is directly affected by the action of the verb.
• Known as the direct object.• Relative to the verb, it
answers the question “what?”• E.g. Jesus was speaking
words of truth to the crowd.
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Vocative Case
• Not widely used• The case of direct address• E.g. Lord have mercy on
us.
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Gender
• Method of classification.• Types: Masculine, Feminine,
Neuter• English – Nouns classified on
basis of natural gender.• Greek – generally follows natural
gender w/ living things.• Things, qualities, ideas are not
necessarily neuter• Recognizing gender is important.
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Endings for Nouns of 2nd Declension
Masculine & Feminine
Neuter
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Nom
oV oi on a
Gen ou wn ou wvn
Dat w/ oiV w/ oiV
Acc on ouV on a
Voc e oi on a
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Articles
• a, an, the• noun marker or determiner• an adjective• “the” is definite – points to
a specific thing• “a” or “an” is indefinite –
general information• Greek has no indefinite
article
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Articles
anqrwpoV blepei apostolon.A man sees an apostle.
oJ anqrwpos blepei ton apostolon.The man sees the apostle.