learning about gravity
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Part 1 -Learning about gravity
Part 2 -Learning aboutshadows
North East of Scotland Science
Consortium
Learning and
Concept Maps
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g
Part 1
Learning about gravity
North East of Scotland Science
Consortium
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How do childrenlearn?
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How do children learn ?
Simple ideas about learning
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How do children learn?
Model based on the empty headconcept
Teaching is a transfer ofinformation to fill the space
Does not work! Why?
No matter what the topic, childrenhave their own ideas
And they believe them
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Learning
Knowledge is not
absorbed by thelearner
It is constructed
The process cannot be
observed
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Constructivist ideas
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Constructivist ideas
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Constructivist ideas
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Constructivist ideas
Learning is based on what the
learner already knows
New ideas presented by
experience or instruction may :
fit in with existing ideasnot relate to ideas already held
challenge existing ideas
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Constructivist ideas
New knowledge may be
linked to existing ideas inappropriatelycreating a misconception
retained unconnected
rote learning
linked to existing ideas
meaningful learning
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Constructivist ideas
Retrieval of previous learning uses
networks of knowledge
Recall is efficient only wheninformation has been stored
meaningfully
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Summary
Constructivism accepts that ...
children already have their own ideas new knowledge must be integrated with
existing knowledge
existing networks of knowledge may bechallenged by new ideas
existing ideas are strongly held
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Constructivist ideas
Many sets of ideas about
constructivism
Importance of
social interactions
language Process of learning cannot be
directly observed
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Research findings
about childrens
ideas
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Childrens ideas - research
Two important findings
Children have very strongly held ideas
Existing ideas can co-exist with new ideas
Used in different circumstances
Most children share the same set of
ideas
Common misconceptions
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Sources ofchildrens ideas
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Sources of childrens ideas
Where do childrens ideas come
from ?
How have they been formed ?
Everyday experience produces
learning
importance of language and learning
from listening
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An Example - SEEING
Example
Often hear people say that they
throw a glance
Children develop the idea that
seeing is an action
Childrens drawings reveal this
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An Example - SEEING
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Sources of childrens ideas
How have these sources led to a
set of common misconceptions?
Common experiences of children
Widespread use of same ways of
talking about science ideas that
occur in everyday experience
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Exploring childrens
ideas on
GRAVITY
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Concept cartoons
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Concept cartoons
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Activity 1 Explore the ideas represented in your
cartoon
Carry out any investigative work
needed to explore the ideas
What ideas would the children you
teach have?
GRAVITY
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Childrens ideas about
gravity
the hyperlink used in the presentation at this point will not
allow you to return to this page.You will have to return to the
day 2 programme page to run this examplegravity example.
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Heavy objects fall faster than light
objects
Idea comes directly from experience
There is no gravity on the moon
Idea comes from seeing
weightlessness in space
Thats why moon suits have big heavy
boots
GRAVITYcommon ideas
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Sorting out yourown science ideas
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Sorting out your own
science ideas
Drawing concept maps
Encourages the linking of ideas
Encourages discussion to sort out
own ideas
Fits a social constructivist approach
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Sorting out your own
science ideas
Concept maps contain propositions:
for example:
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Sorting out your own
science ideas
Examples - simple conceptmaps about learning
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Sorting out your own
science ideas
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Concept maps in theclassroom
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Concept maps in the
classroom
Concept maps as an elicitation tool
Teaching children how to create
concept maps
Stages
Brainstorming to produce list of concepts
Making propositions
Creating the map
Adding more links
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Activity 2 Concept map
the hyperlink used in the presentation at this point will not allow you to
return to this page.You will have to return to the day 2 programme
page to run this exampleconcept_maps_gravity example.
GRAVITY
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Part 2
Learning aboutshadows
North East of Scotland Science
Consortium
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Exploring childrens
ideas on
SHADOWS
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Activity 3
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Explore the ideas represented in yourcartoon
Carry out any investigative work
needed to explore the ideas Create a concept map on light and
shadows
You should try to create it usingInspiration
What ideas would the children youteach have?
Activity 3
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Activity 3
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Activity 3no links
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Activity 3links
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Concept mapping projects
Scottish Executive
ELISE
Developing a framework for on-line CPDdelivery
Science exemplar course
On-line course deliverySubject of course
Concept mapping