LANGUAGES OF LANGUAGES OF SCOTLANDSCOTLAND

Prepared by Prepared by

Oppo H., gr.533Oppo H., gr.533

Scots languageScots language

Scots or Lowland Scots or Lowland ScotsScots

Germanic language Germanic language varieties varieties traditionally traditionally spoken in lowland spoken in lowland Scotland and parts Scotland and parts of Ulsterof Ulster

Scottish GaelicScottish Gaelic

Celtic language Celtic language varieties varieties traditionally traditionally spoken in the spoken in the Highlands and Highlands and Islands.Islands.

Scots Language MapScots Language Map

HistoryHistory 5th century AD5th century AD is descended from the is descended from the

language of the Angles in northern Britain, language of the Angles in northern Britain, in an area now known as Northumbria and in an area now known as Northumbria and southern Scotlandsouthern Scotland

14th century Scots was the main language of 14th century Scots was the main language of Scotland and was used in literature, Scotland and was used in literature, education, government and in legal education, government and in legal documents. documents.

After the union of the Scottish and English After the union of the Scottish and English parliaments in 1707, English became the parliaments in 1707, English became the language of government and of polite society language of government and of polite society in Scotland, though the vast majority of in Scotland, though the vast majority of people continued to speak Scots. English also people continued to speak Scots. English also began to replace Scots as the main written began to replace Scots as the main written language in Scotland.language in Scotland.

Total speakersTotal speakersover 1.5 millionover 1.5 million

Language familyLanguage family-Indo-European -Indo-European -Germanic -Germanic -West Germanic -West Germanic -Anglo-Frisian -Anglo-Frisian -Scots -Scots

Classified as a Classified as a "traditional language" "traditional language" by the Scottish by the Scottish Government.Government.

Classified as a Classified as a "regional or minority "regional or minority language" under the language" under the European Charter for European Charter for Regional or Minority Regional or Minority Languages, ratified by Languages, ratified by the United Kingdom in the United Kingdom in 2001.2001.

EnglishEnglish ScotsScots EnglishEnglish ScotsScotsOneOne AneAne FirstFirst FirstFirst

TwoTwo TwaTwa SecondSecond SeicontSeicont

ThreeThree ThreeThree ThirdThird ThirdThird

FourFour FowerFower FourthFourth FowertFowert

FiveFive FiveFive FifthFifth FFiftift

SixSix SaxSax SixthSixth SaxtSaxt

SevenSeven SeivenSeiven SeventhSeventh SeiventSeivent

EightEight AichtAicht EighthEighth AichtAicht

NineNine Nine Nine NinethNineth NintNint

TenTen TenTen TenthTenth TentTent

Proverbs, quotations and Proverbs, quotations and sayings about languagesayings about language

Am fear a chailleas a chanain caillidh Am fear a chailleas a chanain caillidh e a shaoghal.e a shaoghal.

He who loses his language loses his world. He who loses his language loses his world.

Sluagh gun chanain, sluagh gun anamSluagh gun chanain, sluagh gun anam A people without a language is a people A people without a language is a people

without a soul without a soul

Chan fhiach cuirm gun a còmhradh.Chan fhiach cuirm gun a còmhradh. A feast is no use without good talk.A feast is no use without good talk.

HistoryHistory originally the language of the Scoti settlers originally the language of the Scoti settlers

from Ireland to Scotland, became the from Ireland to Scotland, became the language of the majority of Scotland language of the majority of Scotland

was spoken throughout Scotland (apart from was spoken throughout Scotland (apart from small areas in the extreme south-east and small areas in the extreme south-east and north-east) between the 9th and 11th north-east) between the 9th and 11th centuriescenturies

The earliest identifiably texts in Scottish The earliest identifiably texts in Scottish Gaelic are notes in the Book of Deer written Gaelic are notes in the Book of Deer written in north eastern Scotland in the 12th centuryin north eastern Scotland in the 12th century

Scottish EnglishScottish English Scottish English refers to the varieties of English

spoken in Scotland. called Scottish Standard English or Standard

Scottish English. Scottish English may be influenced to varying

degrees by Scots. Many Scots speakers separate Scots and Scottish

English as different registers depending on social circumstances.

Generally there is a shift to Scottish English in formal situations or with individuals of a higher social status..

ScotticismsScotticisms

- are idioms or expressions that are - are idioms or expressions that are characteristic of Scots.characteristic of Scots.

OutwithOutwith - - "outside of“"outside of“ It's your shot - "It's your turn“It's your shot - "It's your turn“ How not? - "Why not?“How not? - "Why not?“ Och aye the nouOch aye the nou - - "Oh yes, just now" "Oh yes, just now"

'S i 'S i MòragMòrag, 's i , 's i MòragMòrag,,'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,'S i Mòrag a rinn a' bhanais,'S i Mòrag a rinn a' bhanais,Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,A rinn a' bhanais ainmeilA rinn a' bhanais ainmeil

Bha i dubh an-uiridh,Bha i dubh an-uiridh,Agus tha i dubh am bliadhna,Agus tha i dubh am bliadhna,'S bha i dubh a h-uile latha,'S bha i dubh a h-uile latha,Chunnaic mise riamh iChunnaic mise riamh i

'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,'S i Mòrag a rinn a' bhanais,'S i Mòrag a rinn a' bhanais,Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,A rinn a' bhanais ainmeilA rinn a' bhanais ainmeil

Bha fear an taigh aig bean an taigh,Bha fear an taigh aig bean an taigh,'S an sgalag aig an t-searbhant','S an sgalag aig an t-searbhant',

Bha ‘m buachaill' aig a' Bha ‘m buachaill' aig a' bhanaraich,bhanaraich,

'S mo sheanair aig mo 'S mo sheanair aig mo sheanmhairsheanmhair

'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,'S i Mòrag a rinn a' bhanais,'S i Mòrag a rinn a' bhanais,Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,A rinn a' bhanais ainmeilA rinn a' bhanais ainmeil

Bha Seònaid is fidheall aic',Bha Seònaid is fidheall aic',Raonaid is pìob aic',Raonaid is pìob aic',Mòr nan Dos is feadan aic',Mòr nan Dos is feadan aic','S sheinneadh iad an ruidhle'S sheinneadh iad an ruidhle

'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,'S i Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,'S i Mòrag a rinn a' bhanais,'S i Mòrag a rinn a' bhanais,Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,Mòrag, 's i Mòrag,A rinn a' bhanais ainmeilA rinn a' bhanais ainmeil

Useful links:Useful links:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/http://www.bbc.co.uk/colinandcumberland/colinandcumberland/

http://www.scottishcorpus.ac.uk/http://www.scottishcorpus.ac.uk/cmsw/burns/cmsw/burns/