• 130,000 square kilometres

• east coast washed by the North Sea

•northwest coast washed by the Irish Sea

• bounded by Scotland on the north and Wales on the west

• southwestern corner juts into the Atlantic Ocean

•south coast is separated from France by the English Channel

• estuaries of major rivers penetrate the coast

**estuary – the mouth of a river **

• no place in England is more than 120 kilometers from the sea

• England consists mainly of lowlands

• Only in the northwest, in the area known as the Lake District, are there mountains of any height

• a chain of lower mountains and hills extends from east of the Lake District southward to the center of England

• range is known as the Pennines and contains several peaks that are more than 2,000 feet in height

• The North and South Downs are chalk hills that surround a complex geological area of ridges and valleys known as the Weald

• Where the Downs reach the sea at Dover and Beachy Head, there are high chalk cliffs

•England contains few long rivers.•longest are the Severn, which begins in Wales and flows for 340 kilometers, the Thames (320 kilometers), and the Trent (280 kilometers)

• few lakes of any size, the largest being Lake Windermere in the Lake District

• England's climate is dominated by the influence of the sea

• winters are mild, summers cool, and rain falls in all seasons • most of England has summer temperatures of 16 to 17° C

• winter temperatures of 4 to 6° C, with somewhat warmer temperatures in the southwest

HISTORICAL FACTS…• known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church

• wants a divorce from 1st wife, Catherine of Aragon, but Pope refuses

• divides from Church, starts the Anglican Church which allows divorce

Henry VIII

HISTORICAL FACTS…• Marriage to Catherine annulled

• Anne Boleyn beheaded for incest, treason, and witchcraft

• Jane Seymour died in childbirth (son)

• only woman Henry declared to be a “true” wife

• Marriage to Anne annulled because Henry found her ugly • “Flanders Mare”

• Catherine Howard beheaded for having affair

• Catherine reunited Henry with daughters “bloody” Mary and Elizabeth

HISTORICAL FACTS…• "The Gunpowder Plot“

• November 5th, 1605, the day set for the opening of Parliament

• object was to blow up English Parliament along with the ruling monarch, King James I Guy Fawkes

• hoped that such a disaster would initiate a great uprising of English Catholics, who were distressed by the increased severity of penal laws against the practice of their religion

HISTORICAL FACTS…• was arrested a few hours before the planned explosion, during a search of the cellars underneath Parliament in the early hours of 5 November prompted by the receipt of an anonymous warning letter.• majority of the other conspirators, either

overtaken as they attempted to flee or seized shortly thereafter, were killed outright, imprisoned or executed

• while the plot itself was the work of a small number of men, it provoked hostility against all British Catholics and led to an increase in the harshness of laws against them

HISTORICAL FACTS…• Guy Fawkes Day is also known as Bonfire Night. The event is commemorated every year with fireworks and burning effigies of Guy Fawkes on a bonfire

DID YOU KNOW…The word "guy", meaning "man" or "person", is derived from his name

** in effigy – symbolically; a representation or image

Culture…

Religion : Anglican 27 million

Roman Catholic 9 million,Muslim 1 millionPresbyterian 800,000

Methodist 760,000,Sikh 400,000Hindu 350,000Jewish 300,000

Sports: Soccer, Rugby, & Cricket

Language: English

Foods: Fish & ChipsBangers &

MashCadbury

ChocolateBeer

Culture…

CAPITAL & MAIN CITIES…

• London

• Birmingham

• Liverpool

• Manchester

• Newcastle-upon-Tyne

NATURAL RESOURCES…•Coal•Petroleum•natural gas•Tin• limestone•iron ore• salt• clay,•Chalk• gypsum• lead• silica,•arable land

ECONOMY & GOVERNMENT…

Currency 1 British pound = 100 pence

Industry machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, and other consumer goods

Agriculture cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish

Government Type constitutional

monarchy

Attractions….

Attractions….To we r B r i d g e

To we r o f Lo n d o n

B i g B e nPa r l i a m e nt

B u i l d i n g s S to n e h e n ge

Attractions….

C a nte r b u r y C a t h e d ra l

G l o b e T h e a t r e

B a t h