lake victoria basin commission...017- strengthening meteorological services on lake victoria -...

PROJECT CONCEPT NOTES

3RD LAKE VICTORIA BASIN DONORS’ CONFERENCE17TH-18TH JUNE 2013

PROTEA HOTEL, ENTEBBE, UGANDA

LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION

©Lake Victoria Basin commission 2013These Project Concepts Notes cannot be reproduced in any form without the written consent of the

Lake Victoria Basin Commission.

taBLe of contents

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS v

INTRODUCTION vi

roUnDtaBLe one: Water sUPPLY & sanitation; Waste manaGement & PoPULation HeaLtH 1

001 - UP-SCALING OF LAKE VICTORIA WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAM - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 2

002 - TRANS-BOUNDARY WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAM IN LAKE VICTORIA BASIN - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 12

003 - INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE LAKE VICTORIA BASIN - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 22

004 - INTEGRATED HIV&AIDS AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROJECT IN LAKE VICTORIA BASIN - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 31

005 - POPULATION HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT 42

roUnDtaBLe tWo: cLimate cHanGe; enVironment & natUraL resoUrce manaGement 52

006 - REDD+ FOR MT. ELGON ECOSYSTEM 53

007 - INTEGRATED CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION PROGRAMME IN THE LAKE VICTORIA

BASIN - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 65

008- REGIONAL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT: Supporting Regional Cooperation For

Sustainable Development Of Water And Related Resources In The Lake Victoria Basin - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 76

009 - MECHANICAL REMOVAL AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER HYACINTH IN LAKE VICTORIA - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 86

010 - KISAT RIVER CATCHMENT RESTORATION - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 95

011 - PROMOTING NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN KIBIRA – NYUNGWE TRANS-BOUNDARY

ECOSYSTEMS - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 104

012 - DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE OF THE LAKE AND BASIN REPORT PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 112

roUnDtaBLe tHree: economic anD infrastrUctUre DeVeLoPment 119

013 - MARITIME COMMUNICATIONS FOR SAFETY ON LAKE VICTORIA - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 120

014 - DEVELOPMENT OF PORTS AND MARITIME TRANSPORT ON LAKE VICTORIA - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 127

015 - INTEGRATED AQUACULTURE FOR SMALL SCALE FARMERS AND CAGE CULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN LAKE VICTORIA

BASIN - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 133

016 - SUSTAINABLE CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE IN THE LAKE VICTORIA BASIN - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 143

017- STRENGTHENING METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES ON LAKE VICTORIA - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 153

roUnDtaBLe foUr: institUtionaL DeVeLoPment anD caPacitY strenGtHeninG 160

018 - LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 161

019 - CONSTRUCTION OF LAKE VICTORIA BASIN SECRETARIAT HEADQUARTERS - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 170

020 - LAKE VICTORIA BIODIVERSITY INFORMATICS PHASE II - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 177

021 - LAKE VICTORIA BASIN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 186

022 - ENHANCEMENT OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) CAPACITY FOR LVBC

SECRETARIAT - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE 193

acronYms anD aBBreViations

BCC - Behavior Change CommunicationBMU - Beach Management UnitCCU - Climate Change UnitCMS - Centre for Meteorological ServicesCRF - Community Revolving FundEACDS - East African Community Development StrategyEALP - EAC/AMREF Lake Victoria HIV&AIDS Partnership GSMA - Global Systems Mobile AssociationIAA - Integrated Aquaculture AgricultureIHARP - Integrated HIV/AIDS & Reproductive Health ProgramISWM - Integrated Solid Waste ManagementIUCEA - Inter University Council for East AfricaKAIS - Kenya AIDS Indicator SurveyKDHS - Kenya Demographic and Health SurveyKEMFRI - Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research InstituteKRCP - Kisat River Catchment Restoration ProjectKNBS - Kenya National Bureau of StatisticsLAVIBI - Lake Victoria Biodiversity InformaticsLVB - Lake Victoria BasinLVEMP - Lake Victoria Environmental Management ProgramLVFO - Lake Victoria Fisheries OrganizationLVSWSB - Lake Victoria South Water Services BoardLVWATSAN - Lake Victoria Water Supply and SanitationMERECP - Mt. Elgon Regional Ecosystem Conservation ProgramMRCC - Maritime Rescue and Coordination CentreMRV - Monitoring, Reporting and VerificationNCCRS - National Climate Change Response StrategyNTT - National Technical TeamsPBSA - Participatory Benefit Sharing AgreementPCC - Partnership Consultative CommitteePES - Payment for Ecosystem ServicesPHE - Population Health and EnvironmentPIT - Program Implementation TeamPRSP - Poverty Reduction Strategy PaperRDHS - Rwanda Demographic and Health SurveyREDD - Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest DegradationRH - Reproductive HealthRTDA - Regional Transboundary Diagnostic AnalysisRPSC - Regional Policy Steering CommitteeSAR - Search and RescueSEA - Strategic Environmental Assessment SEIA - Strategic Environmental Impact AssessmentTBNRM - Transboundary Natural Resources ManagementTHMIS - Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator SurveyTWB-HH - Transboundary Water and Biodiversity for Human HealthWHMRU - Water Hyacinth Management Removal UnitWRMA - Water Resources Management AuthorityWRUA - Water Resources Users Association

introDUction

The Protocol for sustainable development for Lake Victoria Basin mandates the Commission to mobilize resources for implementation of its projects and programmes. Recently, the Sectoral

Council of Ministers directed the Commission to explore the possibility of bring on board more donors to its Partnership Consultative Committee which basically provides a platform for dialogue between the Partner States and Development Partners to discuss on partnerships on sustainable development of the Lake Victoria Basin. To address the above, the Commission plans to convene the 3rd Lake Victoria Basin Donors Conference to inter alia share with various development partners and private sector players it initiatives towards promoting sustainable development and poverty alleviation in the Basin. Further, the Conference will offer an opportunity for networking and sharing some of planned programs that the Commission intends to implement in the next five years as outlined in its strategic plan (2011 – 2016). The planned programs are presented as well articulated concept papers premised along four priority themes for the Commission namely:

a) Institutional development and capacity strengtheningb) Environmental stewardship and natural resource managementc) Economic and Infrastructure developmentd) Improvement of health status and promotion of access to water and sanitation

In total this booklet contains 22 comprehensive Project Concept Notes (PCNs) categorized under the above broad themes. A number of these PCNs are solicited and hence have great potential for funding.

roUnDtaBLe one: Water sUPPLY & sanitation;

Waste manaGement & PoPULation HeaLtH


east african commUnitYLake Victoria Basin commission secretariat

2| Project concept notes- 3rd LVB Donors’ conference

001 - UP-scaLinG of Lake Victoria Water sUPPLY anD sanitation ProGram - ProJect concePt note

Project Title UP-SCALING OF LAKE VICTORIA WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAM

Sr. No.001

Implementing Agency

LVBC Secretariat jointly with the EAC Partner States of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda

Goal and Objectives of the Project

Project goal: To meet Millennium and Sustainable Development Goal targets in water and sanitation for selected towns in the five Partner States and by so doing promote EAC integration.

Project objective: To deliver an integrated package of interventions comprising water supply and sanitation improvements, solid waste management, drainage improvements as well as capacity building and training for 3 selected towns (or cluster of towns) per Partner State.

Introduction and Relevance to the Protocol and Strategic Plan

The Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Initiative (LVWATSAN) Phase I was initially launched in 2004, with the aim of achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for water and sanitation in the secondary towns within the Lake Victoria Basin and the associated catchments in Rwanda and Burundi. Phase I of LVWATSAN was successfully implemented in 10 secondary towns in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania.

Phase II of LVWATSAN was conceived after Rwanda and Burundi joined the EAC and is currently being implemented in 15 towns – 3 focal towns for each of the five Partner States of the EAC. The project will be completed in 2015. A gap still exists on interventions in WATSAN challenges, since out of the 200 – 300 secondary towns in the basin, only 25 have been addressed through the two phases of interventions. The rest of the remaining towns therefore still require implementation of LVWATSAN initiatives. The proposed up-scaling project has been born out of the need for replication and expansion of LVWATSAN initiatives to cover at least 15 more towns, 3 from each of the EAC Partner States.

The project will contribute towards achieving sustainable development of LVB as per Articles 5 – 7 of the Protocol for Sustainable Development for LVB. It is also in line with the LVBC Strategic Plan 2011 - 2016 which aims at promoting the sustainable improvement of water supply and sanitation, enhancing the management of natural resources and climate change adaptation/mitigation strategies in LVB

Project concept notes- 3rd LVB Donors’ conference |3

LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013

Specific Objectives

i) To support pro-poor water and sanitation investments in the secondary urban centers in the Lake Victoria Basin;

ii) To build institutional and human resource capacities at local and regional levels for the sustainability of improved water and sanitation services;

iii) To facilitate the benefits of upstream water sector reforms to reach the local level in the participating urban centers; and

iv) To reduce the environmental impact of urbanization in the Lake Victoria Basin.

Expected Outputs

1) EAC integration promoted through delivery of water and sanitation infrastructure and services;

2) Pro-poor water and sanitation investments in the secondary urban centers in the Lake Victoria Basin supported;

3) Institutional and human resource capacities at local and regional levels for the sustainability of improved water and sanitation services enhanced;

Current Status Project concept has been developed. Resource mobilization activities are under way for both technical and financial support for project preparation and subsequent implementation.

Estimated Project Costs in USD

USD 156,000,000

Lake Victoria Basin Commission SecretariatJune 2013Kisumu, KENYA


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013

1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnD

Geographic situationLake Victoria (LV), with a surface area of about 68,870 km square, is Africa’s largest and the world’s second largest freshwater lake. It lies at an altitude of 1,134m above sea level and touches the equator on its northern reaches. It is relatively shallow, reaching a maximum depth of about 80m, and an average depth of about 40m. Precipitation is the main source of water into the lake accounting for 82% while the rest, 18%, comes in through rivers. Evaporation accounts for 76% of the loss of water from the lake, the rest 24% being lost through River Nile outflow. The lake’s water residence time is 23 years, while its flushing time is 123 years. The Catchment covers an area of 180,950 square kilometers with Tanzania occupying 44%, Kenya 22%, Uganda 16%, Rwanda 11% and Burundi 7%. The Catchment in most of the Partner States is characterized by hilly terrain and consequently soil erosion is a major problem.

The lake is considered as one of the most important shared natural resources by the Partner States of the East African Community. The Lake is a major source of water and fisheries in the region. The vegetation cover around the lake basin is comprised of savannah grasslands, primary tropical high forest patches, secondary forests and wetlands. Its biodiversity and ecosystems provide a wide range of species of aquatic, terrestrial and forest flora and fauna.

Socio-economic situationThe water resources of the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) include some of the world’s greatest complex wetlands and rivers. In spite of the vast natural resources, the region is amongst the poorest in the region with Burundi featuring amongst the five poorest countries in the world. The region is characterized by economies dependent on rain fed subsistence farming; low industrialization; poor infrastructure, low levels of education attainment and low skilled human resources, gender exclusion, an average life expectancy of 50 and average high population growth rate of 3% per annum. The AIDS scourge and human capital flight worsen the situation. Resource based conflict and insecurity in the basin are issues of concern. The population within the LVB region is estimated at 40 million people. None of the countries in the region has a GDP per capita of more than US$ 900. The macro-economic performance of the EAC countries, however, varies considerably.

The East African Community (EAC) In response to the above constraints, the EAC has developed a basin-wide framework to reduce poverty and promote sustainable economic development in the basin. It is guided by the EAC Treaty and the Protocol for Sustainable Development of the Lake Victoria Basin and a set of policy guidelines that provide a framework for partnership. To translate the Protocol into action, the LVB Strategic Plan (2011 - 2016) has created an enabling environment for regional development.

Since 2005, when LVBC became operational, a number of programs in water supply, environment, water resources and natural resources management and development1, have been or are being undertaken. These include: the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Programme being implemented in all the five Partner States, Lake Victoria Water Supply and Sanitation Program Phase II, trans-boundary

1 The establishment of the LVBC was based on the Protocol for Sustainable Development of the lake Victoria Basin: planning at the lowest appropriate level; involving all who are affected; building on principles of equitable utilization, no significant harm, and cooperation; benefiting all involved; distributing benefits, costs and risks equitably and using available resources efficiently; and, protection of the environment .


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013integrated water resources management projects of the Mara River Basin and the Mount Elgon Ecosystem Conservation. Progress towards peace and stability in the region has created new opportunities for development activities as spelt out in the LVBC Strategic Plan (2011 – 2016)2. The strategy recognizes the growing potential for economic linkages for all the EAC Partner States in water resources development, trade, agricultural development, environmental conservation and transport.

Economic policies The EAC water resources are central to the individual country policies on economic growth, poverty alleviation, and sustainable livelihoods. The national development interests together with the divergent policy directions need to be coordinated if the region’s shared water resources are to be managed sustainably. The national development policies of the EAC Partner States are centered on maintaining or increasing rates of growth while also addressing poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihoods. Freshwater resources and sustainable service provision of water supply and sanitation are critical in pursuance of these interests.

Country Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) and Development Plans PRSPs present the macro-economic, structural and social policies and programs that the countries will pursue to promote broad-based growth and reduce poverty, as well as sources of financing. They aim at providing the crucial link between national public actions, donor support, and the development outcomes required to meet the Millennium Development Goals. PRSPs within the EAC include: the second National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty 2011/15 (NSGRP II) for Tanzania; the Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation (ERS) for Kenya; the National Development Plan 2011/16 (NDP) for Uganda; Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) for Rwanda; and Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP) for Burundi. These national strategies emphasize healthy ecosystems, poverty reduction sustainable economic growth and identify degradation of natural resources as a key impediment to attainment of results. The proposed up-scaling of LVWATSAN II will contribute towards addressing the concerns in the country PRSPs for the design period.

Water PoliciesLVBC has recently completed a draft harmonized water policy and the effluent and industrial discharges in the water bodies in the lake Victoria Basin. The draft policies were adopted by the Sectoral Council of Ministers for LVB in May 2012 and all EAC water policies are in place. The policies reflect global policy changes and there are concerted efforts at operationalizing them in Kenya and Tanzania. The other countries are behind in implementation but make strong reference to the policy documents. The challenge is how to reflect the new regional cooperation agenda more effectively in future processes of policy development, revision and implementation. Recognizing the need to refine policy content further, different countries suggest the need for further inclusion of issues such as water allocation, new concepts of benefit sharing, rainwater harvesting, the role of the private sector, cost sharing in implementation of projects and water pricing.

2.0 ProBLem statementMost towns of the EAC are faced with increased risks of diseases, and poverty due to rapid population growth, increased number of mobile populations of about 500,000 per day3, lack of proper sanitation, low sanitation coverage and low water supply. Towns do not have sewerage systems and disposal of 2 LVBC Strategic Plan (2011 – 2016), Endorsed by LVBC Council of Ministers, May 20123 Malaba border, average mobile population during


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013waste water and human excreta is based on poor on-site sanitation methods. In areas of high water table, contamination risks are high and pollutants are eventually flushed into the river systems and wetlands. Industrial waste water is also discharged on land or directly into the river systems and wetlands.

Some towns pollute rivers and streams feeding the lake and the near-shore areas are particularly polluted by raw and partially treated municipal and industrial effluents, contaminated urban surface runoff, and the unsanitary conditions of the shoreline settlements. These pollutants introduce into the lake and river systems increased coliforms of faecal origin and oxygen demanding organic substances. The increased feacal contamination of the near-shore lake waters is associated with increased cases of water-borne and other water related diseases including diarrhoea, intestinal worms, cholera, typhoid and dysentery. Proliferation of water hyacinth also increased the habitat for the snails which are the host for the parasite schistosoma, responsible for bilharzias in humans. Apart from the increased abundance of algae dominated by potentially toxic species, water hyacinth chokes important water ways and landings. The water hyacinth infests relatively shallow sheltered bays and gulfs receiving high nutrient loads from the catchment.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificance The program seeks to enhance water supply and sanitation in the selected towns and increase safe water supply to the population as well as increased sanitation and drainage coverage to reduce pollution and communicable diseases.

In 2004, the EAC Council of Ministers approved the “Vision and Strategy Framework for Management and Development of Lake Victoria Basin”, which establishes a vision and long term strategic plan for the sustainable management of the resources of the LVB and the economic development of the region. Its sectoral strategic focus is targeted at Living Conditions, Poverty and Quality of Life. Cross-cutting strategies were developed under five key themes: (i) vulnerability and poverty alleviation, (ii) water supply and sanitation, (iii) health services, (iv) education and training, and (v) infrastructure.

The water supply and sanitation goal of LVBC is to have a healthy and prosperous population through a sustainably managed environment and equitable provision of basic water and sanitation services. It envisions achieving the targets set for Millennium Development Goals for the sector and sustainable development.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveThe overall goal of the initiative is to meet the MDG and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets in water supply and sanitation in the project towns and by so doing promote EAC integration.The objective of the programme is to deliver an integrated package of interventions comprising water supply and sanitation improvements, solid waste management, drainage improvements as well as capacity building and training, for 3 selected towns per Partner State.

The specific objectives are:i) Support pro-poor water and sanitation investments in the secondary urban centres in the Lake

Victoria Region;ii) Build institutional and human resource capacities at local and regional levels for the sustainability


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013of improved water and sanitation services;

iii) Facilitate the benefits of upstream water sector reforms to reach the local level in the participating urban centres;

iv) Reduce the environmental impact of urbanization in the Lake Victoria Basin.

The program components are: (i) development of sustainable water supply systems, (ii) provision of hygiene and sanitation facilities including solid waste management systems and social marketing, (iii) drainage improvements, (iv) sustainable water resources management and watersheds programs, (v) capacity building to town councils and service providers, (vi) urban planning, and (vii) project coordination and management including project preparation and resource mobilization.

4.2 Description of activities per componentComponent 1: Development of sustainable water supply systems

i) Preparations for the projectsii) Pre-feasibility and feasibilities studiesiii) Design and construction supervision services iv) Rehabilitation and expansion of water supply systems v) Development of new sources for production from the Ground Water Sources, Surface Water and

from Lake Victoria vi) Construction of water treatmentVii) Storage facilities, transmission and distribution systems including metering; viii)Construction of public stand pipes

Component 2: Provision of hygiene and sanitation facilities including solid waste management systems and social marketing

i) Preparations for the projectsii) Pre-feasibility and feasibilities studiesiii) Hygiene and Environmental Sanitation Promotioniv) Rehabilitation and expansion of sewerage system v) Construction of public/institutional latrines Vi) Construction of sludge treatment facilities vii) Development of solid waste land fills viii) Provision of Skips, Sludge exhausters, tractors and trailers. ix) Development of appropriate and tailored management models for solid waste management and

operating public latrines;x) Rehabilitation and construction of storm water drains/ urban drainage ; andxi) Design and construction supervision services of facilities

Component 3: Drainage improvementsi) Rehabilitation and construction of storm water drainsii) Design and construction supervision services

Component 4: Sustainable water resources management and watersheds programs i) Implementing water shed programs


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013ii) Implementation of the water resources management plans proposed interventions/ programmesiii) Implementation of the water release and abstraction policy for the LVBiv) Conduct studies on SEA and SEIA to support the implementation of the water release and

abstraction policy v) Implementation of the Water Resources Information System for the LVB

Component 5: Capacity building to town councils and service providersi) Support the development of urban plans in the selected townsii) Support the implementation of urban planning for the selected towns

Component 6: Urban planningi) Training on the operational and maintenance of the water systemsii) Support the on-going training on water integrity, transparency and accountability for the LVWATSAN

towns.iii) Provision of equipment to the water supply and sanitation committees and associations/

authorities

Component 7: Project coordination and managementi) Program management and operationsii) Monitoring and evaluationiii) Logistical supportiii) Program auditingiv) Awareness and communication

4.3 Expected Outputsi) EAC integration promoted through delivery of water and sanitation infrastructure and services; ii) Pro-poor water and sanitation investments in the secondary urban centers in the Lake Victoria

Basin supported;ii) Institutional and human resource capacities at local and regional levels for the sustainability of

improved water and sanitation services enhanced4.4 Project AreaThe program will be implemented in 15 selected towns located within the Lake Victoria Basin, in the EAC Partner States of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. The criteria for selection of the towns will include:

i) Location within the LVB,ii) Towns that directly contribute to environmental degradation and pollution of the lake,iii) Towns/townships to be accurately categorized to conform with the national physical plans,iv) Towns to have no other WATSAN initiative which is either planned or on-going, andv) Towns or clusters to have populations of 10,000 – 100,000 inhabitants.

4.5 Project designThis will be a three-year project to be implemented in two distinct phases namely the formulation phase and the physical implementation phase. The formulation phase will entail preparatory activities including feasibility study, technical designs and planning. The implementation phase will encompass physical infrastructure and capacity building.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 20134.6 Project implementation ApproachEAC/LVBC will coordinate the regional aspects of the program and in liaison with the line Ministries identify agencies from the Partner States that will be responsible for physical implementation. LVBC will perform the overall coordination of the project including fund management, overseeing capacity building and establishment of institutional frameworks and structures and implementation processes.

5.0 monitorinG anD eVaLUationThe project’s progress will be monitored on the basis of a Results Based Framework that emphasizes the LVBC results chain and links inputs to activities, to outputs, to project outcomes and project impact. Associated partners will carry out joint technical supervision missions with the EAC/LVBC. Supervision from the task teams will ensure smooth running of the project.



6.0 estimateD ProJect BUDGet

Sr. No.

Component name

Est. cost in USD*1000

Component description

1 Water Supply 90,000

i. Preparations for the projectsii. Pre-feasibility and feasibilities studiesiii. Design and construction supervision services iv. Rehabilitation and expansion of water supply

systems v. Development of new sources for production

from the Ground Water Sources, Surface Water and from Lake Victoria

vi. Construction of water treatmentvii. storage facilities, transmission and distribution

systems including metering; viii. Construction of public stand pipes

2Hygiene and Environmental Sanitation

25,000

i. Preparations for the projectsii. Pre-feasibility and feasibilities studies

iii. Hygiene and Environmental Sanitation Promotion

iv. Rehabilitation and expansion of sewerage system

v. Construction of public/institutional latrines vi. Construction of sludge treatment facilities vii. Development of solid waste land fills viii. Provision of Skips, Sludge exhausters, tractors

and trailers. ix. Development of appropriate and tailored

management models for solid waste management and operating public latrines;

x. Rehabilitation and construction of storm water drains/ urban drainage ; and

xi. Design and construction supervision services of facilities;

xii. Promotion of Cleaner Production Technologies for Industries

3Urban Drainage Improvement

5,000i. Rehabilitation and construction of storm

water drainsii. Design and construction supervision services



Sr. No.

Component name

Est. cost in USD*1000

Component description

4

Sustainable Water Resources Management, watershed management

5,000

i. Implementing water shed programsii. Implementation of the water resources

management plans proposed interventions/ programmes

iii. Implementation of the water release and abstraction policy for the LVB

iv. Conduct studies on SEA and SEIA to support the implementation of the water release and abstraction policy

v. Implementation of the Water Resources Information System for the LVB

5 Urban Planning 3,000

i. Support the development of urban plans in the selected towns

ii. Support the implementation of urban planning for the selected towns

6 Capacity Building 4,000

i. Training on the operational and maintenance of the water systems

ii. Support the on-going training on water integrity, transparency and accountability for the LVWATSAN towns.

iii. Provision of equipment to the water supply and sanitation committees and associations/ authorities

7Project Coordination and Management

5,000

i. Program management and operationsii. Monitoring and evaluation, iii. Logistical support iv. Program auditing v. Awareness and communication

Total 156,000,000



002 - trans-BoUnDarY Water sUPPLY anD sanitation ProGram in Lake Victoria Basin - ProJect concePt note

Project Title TRANS-BOUNDARY WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROGRAM IN LAKE VICTORIA BASIN

Sr. No.002

Implementing Agency


Goal and Objective of the Project

Project goal: To meet Millennium Development Goal targets in water and sanitation for selected towns in the five Partner States and by so doing promote EAC integration..

Project objectives: To deliver an integrated package of interventions comprising water supply and sanitation improvements, solid waste management, drainage improvements in key areas, as well as capacity building and training in 9 secondary trans-boundary towns in the EAC Partner States

Introduction and Relevance to the Protocol and LVBC Strategic Plan

The EAC Development Strategy recognizes that LVB, as an area of common interest, could best be exploited jointly to maximize economic and social benefits. An enhanced water supply and sanitation management around Lake Victoria offers one of the incentives for stimulating economic growth and improving the livelihoods and health of communities in the basin.

A trans-boundary water supply and sanitation (WATSAN) Program would fill the gap between the low WATSAN services supplied and the high demand while simultaneously meeting the MDG targets. The proposed trans-boundary WATSAN Program will contribute to the socio-economic development of LVB, improved life conditions and strengthened integration process of the EAC Partner States.

The project will contribute towards achieving sustainable development of LVB as per Articles 5 – 7 of the Protocol. It is also in line with the LVBC Strategic Plan 2011 - 2016 which aims at promoting the sustainable improvement of water supply and sanitation, enhancing the management of natural resources and climate change adaptation/mitigation strategies in LVB. In addition the program’s capacity building component will enhance governance and institutional capacity.

Project Rationale The program provides an opportunity for the Partner States of the EAC to contribute towards the improvement of the livelihoods of the population living in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) through the improvement of the environment and ecosystem of the basin. The program interventions are in line with the priority sectors in each Partner State’s CSP as well as their national development strategies. It will be complemented by other national and regional projects.



Specific Objectives i) To support pro-poor water and sanitation investments in the secondary urban centers in the Lake Victoria Basin;

ii) To build institutional and human resource capacities at local and regional levels for the sustainability of improved water and sanitation services;

iii) To facilitate the benefits of upstream water sector reforms to reach the local level in the participating urban centers; and

iv) To reduce the environmental impact of urbanization in the Lake Victoria Basin and improve watershed and water resources management.

Expected Outputs 4) EAC integration promoted through delivery of water and sanitation infrastructure and services;

5) Pro-poor water and sanitation investments in the secondary urban centers in the Lake Victoria Basin supported;

6) Institutional and human resource capacities at local and regional levels for the sustainability of improved water and sanitation services enhanced;



USD 62,000,000 (EUR 54,000,000)




1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDGeographic situation Lake Victoria (LV), with a surface area of about 68,870 km square, is Africa’s largest and the world’s second largest freshwater lake. It lies at an altitude of 1,134m above sea level and touches the equator on its northern reaches. It is relatively shallow, reaching a maximum depth of about 80m, and an average depth of about 40m. Precipitation is the main source of water into the lake accounting for 82% while the rest, 18%, comes in through rivers. Evaporation accounts for 76% of the loss of water from the lake, the rest 24% being lost through River Nile outflow. The lake’s water residence time is 23 years, while its flushing time is 123 years. The Catchment covers an area of 180,950 square kilometers with Tanzania occupying 44%, Kenya 22%, Uganda 16%, Rwanda 11% and Burundi 7%. The Catchment in most of the Partner States is characterized by hilly terrain and consequently soil erosion is a major problem.

The lake is considered as one of the most important shared natural resources by the Partner States of the East African Community. The Lake is a major source of water and fisheries in the region. The vegetation cover around the lake basin is comprised of savannah and wetlands. Its biodiversity and ecosystems provide a wide range of species of aquatic, primary tropical high forest patches, secondary forests, terrestrial and forest flora and fauna.

Socio-economic situationThe water resources of the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) include some of the world’s greatest complex wetlands and rivers. In spite of the vast natural resources, the region is amongst the poorest in the region with Burundi featuring amongst the five poorest countries in the world. The region is characterized by economies dependent on rain fed subsistence farming; low industrialization; poor infrastructure, low levels of education attainment and low skilled human resources, gender exclusion, an average life expectancy of 50 and average high population growth rate of 3% per annum. The AIDS scourge and human capital flight worsen the situation. Resource based conflict and insecurity in the basin are issues of concern. The population within the LVB region is estimated at 40 million people. None of the countries in the region has a GDP per capita of more than US$ 600. The macro-economic performance of the EAC countries, however, varies considerably.

The East African Community (EAC) In response to the above constraints, the EAC has developed a basin-wide framework to reduce poverty and promote sustainable economic development in the basin. It is guided by the EAC Treaty and the Protocol for Sustainable Development of the Lake Victoria Basin and a set of policy guidelines that provide a framework for partnership. To translate the Protocol into action, the LVB Strategic Plan (2011 - 2016) has created an enabling environment for regional development.

Since 2005, when LVBC became operational, a number of programs in water supply, environment, water resources and natural resources management and development4, have been or are being undertaken. These include: the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Programme being implemented in all the five Partner States, Lake Victoria Water Supply and Sanitation Program Phase II, trans-boundary integrated water resources management projects of the Mara River Basin and the Mount Elgon Ecosystem

4 The establishment of the LVBC was based on the Protocol for Sustainable Development of the lake Victoria Basin: planning at the lowest appropriate level; involving all who are affected; building on principles of equitable utilization, no significant harm, and cooperation; benefiting all involved; distributing benefits, costs and risks equitably and using available resources efficiently; and, protection of the environment .


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013Conservation. Progress towards peace and stability in the region has created new opportunities for development activities as spelt out in the LVBC Strategic Plan (2011 – 2016)5. The strategy recognizes the growing potential for economic linkages for all the EAC Partner States in water resources development, trade, agricultural development, environmental conservation and transport. Up-scaling of LVWATSAN Program in the Partner States will in part fulfill the LVBC Strategic Plan objectives.

Economic policies The EAC water resources are central to the individual country policies on economic growth, poverty alleviation, and sustainable livelihoods. The national development interests together with the divergent policy directions need to be coordinated if the region’s shared water resources are to be managed sustainably. The national development policies of the EAC Partner States are centered on maintaining or increasing rates of growth while also addressing poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihoods. Freshwater resources and sustainable service provision of water supply and sanitation are critical in pursuance of these interests.

Country Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) and Development Plans PRSPs present the macro-economic, structural and social policies and programs that the countries will pursue to promote broad-based growth and reduce poverty, as well as sources of financing. They aim at providing the crucial link between national public actions, donor support, and the development outcomes required to meet the Millennium Development Goals. PRSPs within the EAC include: the second National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty 2011/15 (NSGRP II) for Tanzania; the Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation (ERS) for Kenya; the National Development Plan 2011/16 (NDP) for Uganda; Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) for Rwanda; and Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP) for Burundi. These national strategies emphasize healthy ecosystems, poverty reduction sustainable economic growth and identify degradation of natural resources as a key impediment to attainment of results. The proposed up-scaling of LVWATSAN II will contribute towards addressing the concerns in the country PRSPs for the design period.

Water Policies LVBC has recently completed a draft harmonized water policy and the effluent and industrial discharges in the water bodies in the lake Victoria Basin. The draft policies were adopted by the Sectoral Council of Ministers for LVB in May 2012 and all EAC water policies are in place. The policies reflect global policy changes and there are concerted efforts at operationalizing them in Kenya and Tanzania. The other countries are behind in implementation but make strong reference to the policy documents. The challenge is how to reflect the new regional cooperation agenda more effectively in future processes of policy development, revision and implementation. Recognizing the need to refine policy content further, different countries suggest the need for further inclusion of issues such as water allocation, new concepts of benefit sharing, rainwater harvesting, the role of the private sector, cost sharing in implementation of projects and water pricing.

2.0 ProBLem statementMost towns of the EAC are faced with increased risks of diseases, and poverty due to rapid population growth, increased number of mobile populations of about 500,000 per day6, lack of proper sanitation, low

5 LVBC Strategic Plan (2011 – 2016), Endorsed by LVBC Council of Ministers, May 20126 Malaba border, average mobile population during


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013sanitation coverage and low water supply. Towns do not have sewerage systems and disposal of waste water and human excreta is based on poor on-site sanitation methods. In areas of high water table, contamination risks are high and pollutants are eventually flushed into the river systems and wetlands. Industrial waste water is also discharged on land or directly into the river systems and wetlands.

Some towns pollute rivers and streams feeding the lake and the near-shore areas are particularly polluted by raw and partially treated municipal and industrial effluents, contaminated urban surface runoff, and the unsanitary conditions of the shoreline settlements. These pollutants introduce into the lake and river systems increased coliforms of faecal origin, oxygen demanding organic substances. The increased faecal contamination of the near-shore lake waters was associated with increased cases of water-borne and other water related diseases including diarrhea, intestinal worms, cholera, typhoid and dysentery. Proliferation of water hyacinth also increased the habitat for the snails which are the host for the parasite schistosoma, responsible for bilharzias in humans. Apart from the increased abundance of algae dominated by potentially toxic species, water hyacinth chokes important water ways and landings. The water hyacinth infests relatively shallow sheltered bays and gulfs receiving high nutrient loads from the catchment.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificance Rapid urbanization is placing an enormous burden on the secondary towns around Lake Victoria and its associated catchments in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda; and has become a critical issue as all countries strive to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for water and sanitation. The program seeks to enhance water supply and sanitation in the selected towns and increase safe water supply to the population as well as increased sanitation and drainage coverage to reduce pollution and communicable diseases.

In 2004, the EAC Council of Ministers approved the “Vision and Strategy Framework for Management and Development of Lake Victoria Basin”, which establishes a vision and long term strategic plan for the sustainable management of the resources of the LVB and the economic development of the region. Its sectoral strategic focus is targeted at Living Conditions, Poverty and Quality of Life. Cross-cutting strategies were developed under five key themes: (i) vulnerability and poverty alleviation, (ii) water supply and sanitation, (iii) health services, (iv) education and training, and (v) infrastructure.

The water supply and sanitation goal of LVBC is to have a healthy and prosperous population through a sustainably managed environment and equitable provision of basic water and sanitation services. It envisions achieving the targets set for Millennium Development Goals for the sector and sustainable development.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion 4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveThe overall goal of the initiative is to meet the MDG targets in water supply and sanitation in the project towns and by so doing promote EAC integration. The objective of the programme is to deliver an integrated package of interventions comprising water supply and sanitation improvements, solid waste management, drainage improvements as well as capacity building and training for 3 selected towns per Partner State. Specific objectives are:

i) Support pro-poor water and sanitation investments in the secondary urban centres in the Lake Victoria Region;

ii) Build institutional and human resource capacities at local and regional levels for the sustainability of


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013improved water and sanitation services;

iii) Facilitate the benefits of upstream water sector reforms to reach the local level in the participating urban centres;

iv) Reduce the environmental impact of urbanization in the Lake Victoria Basin.

The program components are: (i) development of sustainable water supply systems, (ii) provision of hygiene and sanitation facilities including solid waste management systems and social marketing, (iii) drainage improvements, (iv) sustainable water resources management and watersheds programs, (v) capacity building to town councils and service providers, (vi) urban planning, and (vii) project coordination and management including project preparation and resource mobilization.

4.2 Description of activities per componentComponent 1: Development of sustainable water supply systems

i) Preparations for the projectsii) Pre-feasibility and feasibilities studiesiii) Design and construction supervision services iv) Rehabilitation and expansion of water supply systems v) Development of new sources for production from the Ground Water Sources, Surface Water and

from Lake Victoria vi) Construction of water treatmentvii) Storage facilities, transmission and distribution systems including metering; viii) Construction of public stand pipes

Component 2: Provision of hygiene and sanitation facilities including solid waste management systems and social marketing

i) Preparations for the projectsii) Pre-feasibility and feasibilities studiesiii) Hygiene and Environmental Sanitation Promotioniv) Rehabilitation and expansion of sewerage system v) Construction of public/institutional latrines vi) Construction of sludge treatment facilities vii) Development of solid waste land fills viii) Provision of Skips, Sludge exhausters, tractors and trailers. ix) Development of appropriate and tailored management models for solid waste management and

operating public latrines;x) Rehabilitation and construction of storm water drains/ urban drainage ; andxi) Design and construction supervision services of facilities

Component 3: Drainage improvementsi) Rehabilitation and construction of storm water drainsii) Design and construction supervision services

Component 4: Sustainable water resources management and watersheds programs i) Implementing water shed programsii) Implementation of the water resources management plans proposed interventions/ programmes


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013iii) Implementation of the water release and abstraction policy for the LVBiv) Conduct studies on SEA and SEIA to support the implementation of the water release and

abstraction policy v) Implementation of the Water Resources Information System for the LVB

Component 5: Capacity building to town councils and service providersi) Support the development of urban plans in the selected townsii) Support the implementation of urban planning for the selected towns

Component 6: Urban planningi) Training on the operational and maintenance of the water systemsii) Support the on-going training on water integrity, transparency and accountability for the LVWATSAN

towns.iii) Provision of equipment to the water supply and sanitation committees and associations/

authorities

Component 7: Project coordination and managementi) Program management and operationsii) Monitoring and evaluationiii) Logistical supportiv) Program auditingv) Awareness and communication

4.3 Expected Outputsi) EAC integration promoted through delivery of water and sanitation infrastructure and services; ii) Pro-poor water and sanitation investments in the secondary urban centers in the Lake Victoria

Basin supported;iii) Institutional and human resource capacities at local and regional levels for the sustainability of

improved water and sanitation services enhanced

4.4 Project AreaThe program will be implemented in 9 selected order towns located within the EAC Partner States of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. The program will be implemented in the following proposed border towns:

i) Gisoro – on the Rwanda/ Uganda borderii) Nyamata – on the Burundi/ Rwanda borderiii) Makamba – on the Burundi/ Tanzania borderiv) Busia – on the Kenya/ Uganda borderv) Kirundo – on the Burundi/ Rwanda bordervi) Malab – on the Kenya/ Uganda bordervii) Cyanika – on the Rwanda/ Uganda borderviii) Namanga – on the Kenya/ Tanzania border ix) Kigoma – on the Burundi/ Tanzania border


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013The criteria for selection of the towns will include:

i) Location within the LVB,ii) Towns that directly contribute to environmental degradation and pollution of the lake,iii) Towns/townships to be accurately categorized to conform with the national physical plans,vi) Towns to have no other WATSAN initiative which is either planned or on-going, andv) Towns or clusters to have populations of 10,000 – 100,000 inhabitants.

4.5 Project designThis will be a three-year project to be implemented in two distinct phases namely the formulation phase and the physical implementation phase. The formulation phase will entail preparatory activities including feasibility study, technical designs and planning. The implementation phase will encompass physical infrastructure and capacity building.

4.6 Project implementation ApproachEAC/LVBC will coordinate the regional aspects of the program and identified agencies the Partner States will be responsible for physical implementation. LVBC will perform the overall coordination of the project including fund management, overseeing capacity building and establishment of institutional frameworks and structures and implementation processes.

5.0 monitorinG anD eVaLUationThe project’s progress will be monitored on the basis of a Results Based Framework that emphasizes the LVBC results chain and links inputs to activities, to outputs, to project outcomes and project impact. Associated partners will carry out joint technical supervision missions with the EAC/LVBC. Supervision from the task teams will ensure smooth running of the project.




NO. Component name Est. cost EURO Component description 1 Water Supply 40 Mill ix. Preparations for the projects

x. Pre-feasibility and feasibilities studies

xi. Design and construction supervision services

xii. Rehabilitation and expansion of water supply systems

xiii. Development of new sources for production from the Ground Water Sources, Surface Water and from Lake Victoria

xiv. Construction of water treatment and storage facilities, transmission and distribution systems including metering;

xv. Construction of public stand pipes 2 Hygiene and

Environmental Sanitation

4 Mill xiii. Preparations for the projectsxiv. Review of the Sanitation component

on the pollution control plans developed by the NBI/ NELSAP Sio Malaba Malakisi River Basin Project

xv. Implementation of the Pollution control plans for the Busia and Malaba borders

xvi. Pre-feasibility and feasibilities studies

xvii. Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion xviii. Rehabilitation and expansion of

sewerage system xix. Construction of public/institutional

latrines xx. Construction of sludge treatment

facilities xxi. Development of solid waste land fills

xxii. Provision of Skips, Sludge exhausters, tractors and trailers.

xxiii. Development of appropriate and tailored management models for solid waste management and operating public latrines


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013NO. Component name Est. cost EURO Component description 3 Urban Drainage

Improvement 2 Mill i. Rehabilitation and construction of

about 50kms of storm water drains ii. Design and construction supervision

services 4 Capacity Building 1 Mill Training on the operational and maintenance

of the water systemsProvisional of equipment to the water and supply and sanitation committee and associations/ authorities

5 Project Coordination and Management

3 Mill Management and CoordinationMonitoring and Evaluation

Total Budget 54,000,000



003 - inteGrateD soLiD Waste manaGement in tHe Lake Victoria Basin - ProJect concePt note

Project Title Integrated Solid Waste Management In The Lake Victoria Basin

Sr. No. 003

Implementing Agency Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat, P.O. Box 1510-40100, Kisumu, KENYA together with Partner States.

Goal of the Project To provide an efficient and sustainable Integrated Solid Waste Management (SWM) System through creation of an enabling environment for multi-stakeholder participation and adoption of modern integrated waste management technology mixtures for a safer and cleaner cities within Lake Victoria Basin.

Objectives of the Project

To construct, equip and commission Municipal Solid Waste sorting, re-cycle, re-using and compositing sites to handle at least 70 tonnes of garbage (Municipal Solid Waste) per day

Introduction and relevance to Protocol requirements and Strategic Plan (2011-2016)

This project is in line with Articles (13), (15) and (19) of the Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin. Further, it will contribute to developmental objective D4 of the LVBC Strategy Plan 2011-2016 through promoting and addressing solid waste management appropriate technologies for improved sanitation.

Project rationale and preparatory studies

The increasing industrialization and urban population in the Basin requires new strategies and approaches in addressing the problem of solid waste. Existing national solid waste management strategies and plans need to be harmonised so as to have an Integrated Solid Waste Management system within the LVB.

Specific objectives i) To strengthen institutional and organizational capacity of Municipalities and stakeholders on SWM

ii) To promote pro-poor solid waste management technologies in the towns in LVB

iii) To produce and promote solid waste compositing and use in local farming systems in LVB

iv) To promote private sector participation in SWM in the towns in LVBv) To educate and sensitize the public on the importance and value

of SWMExpected Results i) A regional ISWM strategy for LVB developed

ii) Improved waste management standards iii) Increase in the amount of waste recycled iv) Improved access to investments and employment opportunities in

ISWM; v) A well informed public adequately participating in SWM in the

townsvi) Solid waste infrastructure sustainably managedvii) Improved health status and livelihood of the local community



Current Status The project concept note has been finalized and a project on prefeasibility study on Integrated Solid Waste Management in the LVB is proposed as part of the funding request.

Possible gaps if on –going

N/A

Duration 5 YearsEstimated Project Cost USD 15 million



1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDIntegrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) is widely recognized as an approach to reach better, more sustainable solutions to solid waste problems. It refers to a waste management system that best suits the society, economy and environment in a given location, a city in most cases. The extent and nature of the solid waste management problem in towns in LVB is that the proportion of solid waste generated is far higher than the waste collected. The collection efficiency is low leading to indiscriminate dumping on either private property or public open spaces. Apart from that, marked inequality in the geographical service distribution characterizes the waste collection service. Broadly, the high income areas of the towns are well serviced by the municipalities and a few un-authorized private collectors, while the poor peri-urban neighbourhoods are hardly serviced save for localized interventions. Waste management is therefore an equity and public health issue, which means that everybody has a right to a regular waste collection and proper sanitation.

Solid waste management problems in towns in LVB are largely a result of lack of waste management policies and frameworks that would aim at improving the standards, efficiency and coverage of waste management. Before enactment of Environmental Management and Coordination Acts, Local Authorities (LAs) had monopoly control over sanitation and solid waste management services largely under the Local Government and Public Health Acts. The Acts, however, neither set standards for the services required nor waste reduction or recycling. The communities and community based organizations played a minimal role in SWM because they were not integrated into the formal systems.

The current environmental policies in the EAC Partner States emphasize development of environmental partnerships with stakeholders including participation of NGOs and CBOs. The public can now compel polluters, including indiscriminate solid waste dumpers, to pay for the damage or nuisance caused. In reality, however, the cost of litigation (both in term of finances and time) makes it difficult for most of the citizens to exercise this right. Institutional weaknesses in the environmental regulation authorities and the lead government agencies also affect the effectiveness with which this right has been exercised. This proposal aims at building incentive measures into the solid waste management systems of selected municipalities in the basin by providing waste collection facilities, waste sorting, re-use, re-cycling and munical solid waste composting and sale of manure and erosion reduction credits (CERECs).

2.0 ProBLem statementAs a result of the rapid population growth and uncontrolled industrial development the urban centres in LVB are markedly being degraded. The towns generate huge tons of waste per day that is not effectively collected. The rest end in the backstreets, markets, road sides and open spaces more so in the informal settlements. The towns lack comprehensive responses to solid waste management. Most of the towns have low capacity to manage the waste as characterized by weak planning and development of SWM frameworks as well as inadequate capacity to enforce environmental regulations. Institutional norms are weak and not supportive of environmental planning and sanitation. Private sector participation in SWM is minimal due to lack of legal protection and institutional procedures to be followed by the private sector companies.

Overall, challenges in SWM can be seen at all levels i.e. household, municipality and private companies. i) Household level: This being the waste generation level, challenges include; lack of information on

separation of waste, delayed waste collection and lack of designated collection areas.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013ii) Municipality level: being the action and regulatory level, the key challenges are; SWM being low

priority, lack of the necessary SWM infrastructure, understaffing and lack of motivation, weak enforcement of laws and regulations, lack of PPP and SME policies, and duplication of efforts

iii) Private Sector and the public: being key players supporting the municipalities, the key challenges include: unregulated participation in SWM, lack of legal frameworks on PPPs, poor road access to waste collection centres, inadequate knowledge and skills on SWM and lack of policies and enabling environment

The project proposes to address the interim ked productivity and environmental degradation problems.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificance Waste management is widely recognized as a major concern and a barrier to sustainable development for most towns in the Lake Victoria region. Most of the solid waste remains uncollected in the towns resulting in spread of infectious vector borne diseases like malaria, blocked sewers, litter on the streets and pollution of Lake Victoria through unregulated and unmanaged dumping especially of non-biodegradable waste. With both direct and indirect linkages to economic development, unmanaged waste materials represent wasted money, in terms of the original cost of the materials and its potential value as a recyclable and reusable resource. It is widely recognized that effective SWM is one sure way of reaching better, more sustainable solutions to these problems. It not only takes technical or financial-economic sustainability into account, but it also considers the socio-cultural, environmental, institutional and political aspects that influence overall sustainability of waste management.

This has been done in some towns in Uganda where it is demonstrated that hygiene and sanitation and general wellbeing of people has been improved.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion 4.1 Project Goal and ObjectivesThe aim of the project is to provide an efficient and sustainable Integrated Solid Waste Management System through creation of an enabling environment for multi-stakeholder participation and adoption of modern integrated waste management technology mixtures for safer and cleaner cities within Lake Victoria Basin.The specific objectives are to:

i) To strengthen institutional and organizational capacity of Municipalities and stakeholders on SWMii) To promote pro‐poor solid waste management technologies in the towns in LVBiii) To produce and promote solid waste compositing and use in local farming systems in LVBiv) To promote private sector participation in SWM in the towns in LVBV) To educate and sensitize the public on the importance and value of SWMVi) To provide solid waste management systems

4.2 Description of activities per objectiveObjective 1: To strengthen institutional and organizational capacity of Municipalities and stakeholders on SWMActivities under this objective will include:

i) Support development and operationalization of a regional SWM Strategic Plan for LVB


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013ii) Facilitate identification of different categories of stakeholders and conducting a SWM needs

assessmentiii) Facilitate development of a curriculum and training module on SWMiv) Facilitate development of town-specific SWM operational plansv) Support capacity building of the different categories of stakeholders on SWM vi) Support sensitization, education and advocacy public forums on importance and value of SWM

Objective 2: To promote pro-poor solid waste management technologies in the towns in LVBTo realize this objective, the following activities will be implemented:

i) Support development of appropriate infrastructure to facilitate waste separation and recovery at source

ii) Support of incentives as well as formalizing informal waste entrepreneurs in the townsiii) Facilitate formation and organization of small and micro waste entrepreneurs into cooperatives/

SMEsiv) Facilitate capacity building of SMEs i.e. management skills, accounting, conflict resolution, marketing

in order to be run as an enterprise for employment creation, income generation and sustainabilityv) Support development of incentives that integrate and foster involvement of public and informal

sector in SWMvi) Support establishment of small‐scale solid waste recycling plants

Objective 3: To produce and promote solid waste compositing and use in local farming systems in LVBThe following activities will be implemented:

i) Facilitate identification and legislation of compositing sites in selected townsii) Support environmental analysis for proposed sitesiii) Support establishment of solid waste compositing infrastructureiv) Build capacity of the local authorities on the management of the compositing sitesv) Facilitate development of a framework for utilization of the composited waste by farmersvi) Support establishment of waste to energy technologies and investment ventures through fiscal

incentives and infrastructure developmentvii) Provide land for material recovery Operations viii) Support provision of infrastructure to facilitate material recovery activities

Objective 4: To promote private sector participation in SWM in the towns in LVBThe following activities will be implemented:

i) Facilitate development of a framework for identification, vetting and engagement with private sector interested in SWM in towns

ii) Support modalities for long term infrastructure development i.e. green energy and recycling investments

Objective 5: To educate and sensitize the public on the importance and value of SWMActivities under this objective include:

i) Support education of the urban population through print and electronic media as well as performance arts on waste reduction, sorting and re‐use


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013ii) Support organization of monthly environmental cleanup campaigns to sensitize the public and

encourage partnershipsiii) Educate the public and learning institutions on the provisions of laws, policies and best practices

for SWMiv) Support introduction waste management awareness programmes to primary, secondary, tertiary

and colleges

Objective 6: To provide solid waste management systemsi) Construction of sludge treatment facilities ii) Development of solid waste land fills iii) Provision of Skips, Sludge exhausters, tractors and trailers. iv) Development of appropriate and tailored management models for solid waste management.

4.3 Expected OutputsIt is anticipated that the following outputs will be realized:

i) A regional ISWM strategy for LVB developed ii) Improved waste management standards iii) Increase in the amount of waste recycled iv) Improved access to investments and employment opportunities in ISWM; v) A well informed public adequately participating in SWM in the townsvi) Solid waste infrastructure sustainably managedvii) Improved health status and livelihood of the local community

4.4 Project AreaThis project will be implemented in ten towns in Lake Victoria Basin. Two towns will be selected from each of the five EAC Partner States based on the following criteria:

Population size of over 300,000 persons Informal settlements with a population of over 5000 persons Explicit inadequate waste management facilities/infrastructure Documented evidence of disease burden directly related to inadequate waste disposal and

management

4.5 Project designThis will be a five-year project that will be implemented in two distinct phases. The first phase (Formulation) will entail conducting a scooping exercise and ground truthing of the selected towns to provide baseline information on the state of SWM and also identify the key actors. This will be followed by the implementation phase that will involve capacity building of different categories of stakeholders, development of the regional SWM strategy and implementation guidelines, establishment and construction of MSC plants with capacity to handle at least 70 tons of solid waste per day, operationalization of SWM infrastructure and establishment of pro-poor SWM technologies in the informal settlements.

4.6 Project implementation ApproachThe project will be implemented by several partners including communities, relevant government departments/agencies, LVBC, private sector and other stakeholders. LVBC will be the institutional home of the project and will be the overall coordinator responsible for fund management, overseeing capacity


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013building and establishment of institutional frameworks and structures and implementation processes. Government departments/agencies and other stakeholders will provide technical support and also oversee implementation of the SWM interventions. Full participation of the community members will enhance ownership of the project hence its sustainability. In addition, involvement of the relevant government departments will ensure that interventions put in place will continue beyond the project life cycle.

5.0 monitorinG anD eVaLUationMonitoring and Evaluation (M&E) will form an integral part of the project planning and implementation process. Monitoring will entail tracking of day to day progress in achievement of planned activities. It will further involve determination of the extent to which desired outputs are achieved. The project will undertake a scooping excercise that will provide baseline information for future evaluations. A midterm evaluation will be undertaken after 2½ years of project implementation. The midterm evaluation will determine the extent to which implemented activities and outputs result to the planned objectives. An end of project evaluation will be conducted at the end of five years. It will also determine the extent to which the project outcomes will have been achieved.




Project Objectives Key activities Total budget (US$)

Objective 1: To strengthen institutional and organizational capacity of Municipalities and stakeholders on SWM

i) Support development and operationalization of a regional SWM Strategic Plan for LVB

ii) Facilitate identification of different categories of stakeholders and conducting a SWM needs assessment

iii) Facilitate development of a curriculum and training module on SWM

iv) Facilitate development of town-specific SWM operational plans

v) Support capacity building of the different categories of stakeholders on SWM

vi) Support sensitization, education and advocacy pubic forums on importance and value of SWM

800,000

Objective 2: To promote pro-poor solid waste management technologies in the towns in LVB

i) Support development of appropriate infrastructure to facilitate waste separation and recovery at source

ii) Support of incentives as well as formalizing informal waste entrepreneurs in the towns

iii) Facilitate formation and organization of of small and micro waste enterprenuers into cooperatives/SMEs

iv) Facilitate capacity building of SMEs i.e. management skills, accounting, conflict resolution, marketing in order to be run as an enterprise for employment creation, income generation and sustainability

v) Support development of incentives that integrate and foster involvement of public and informal sector in SWM

vi) Support establishment of small-scale solid waste recycling plants

4,700,000



Objective 3: To produce and promote solid waste compositing and use in local farming systems in LVB

i) Facilitate identification and legislation of compositing sites in selected towns

ii) Support environmental analysis for proposed sites

iii) Support establishment of solid waste compositing infrastructure

iv) Build capacity of the local authorities on the management of the compositing sites

v) Facilitate development of a framework for utilization of the composited waste by farmers

vi) Support establishment of waste to energy technologies and investment ventures through fiscal incentives and infrastructure development

vii) Provide land for material recovery Operations viii) Support provision of infrastructure to facilitate

material recovery activities

6,240,000

Objective 4: To promote private sector participation in SWM in the towns in LVB

i) Facilitate development of a framework for identification, vetting and engagement with private sector interested in SWM in towns

ii) Support modalities for long term infrastructure development i.e. green energy and recycling investments

300,000

Objective 5: To educate and sensitize the public on the importance and value of SWM

i) Support education of the urban population through print and electronic media as well as performance arts on waste reduction, sorting and re-use

ii) Support organization of monthly environmental clean up campaigns to sensitize the public and encourage partnerships

iii) Educate the public and learning institutions on the provisions of laws, policies and best practices for SWM

iv) Support introduction of waste management awareness programmes to primary, secondary, tertiary and colleges

500,000

Project Coordination and M&E

2,460,000

Total Budget 15,000,000



004 - inteGrateD HiV&aiDs anD reProDUctiVe HeaLtH ProJect in Lake Victoria Basin - ProJect concePt note

Project Title Integrated HIV&AIDS and Reproductive Health Project in Lake Victoria Basin (IHARP-LVB)

Sr. No. 004

Implementing Agency

LVBC Secretariat jointly with the EAC Partner States of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda


Project Goal: To contribute to the reduction in the prevalence of HIV&AIDS and Reproductive Health (RH) related diseases among mobile populations within the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB).

Project objective: to enhance individual and collective competencies and institutional frameworks for responding to HIV&AIDS and Reproductive Health issues among mobile populations in LVB

Introduction and relevance to the Protocol and LVBC Strategic Plan

Enhanced population mobility has been directly linked to increased vulnerability to HIV. Lake Victoria Basins’s several border posts have a myriad of socio-economic activities and interactions that catalyze the spread of HIV. Services targeting HIV&AIDS are often implemented in a vertical manner with obvious lack of integration with other ailments that catalyze the HIV scourge. This proposed project will contribute to the Strategic Intervention Area on promoting improved health services with emphasis on HIV&AIDS, reproductive health, gender mainstreaming, water supply and sanitation as stipulated in the 4th EAC Development Strategy and the LVBC Strategic Plan (2011-2016).

Project Rationale and Preparatory Studies

This response is premised on the fact that despite there being many policies and programmes in place to address the vulnerability of various mobile populations to HIV&AIDS, most of them are mainly related to the workplace. Overall, few policies and programmes address the specific structural issues that either increase risks or deny access to services, and even in such cases, the responses do not address the related reproductive health issues. By addressing the structural barriers, and strengthening cross-border response frameworks, the proposed multi-year project will realize increases in the proportion of mobile populations accessing HIV&AIDS and reproductive health services within the Lake Victoria Basin.

Preparatory studies:

i) HIV&AIDS sero-behavioural study in the fishing sector, Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda (2010)

ii) HIV&AIDS sero-behavioural study in agricultural plantations in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda (2010)

iii) HIV&AIDS sero-behavioural study in universities in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda (2010)



Specific objectives/Strategies

i) To strengthen the management and coordination capacities of organizations/institutions and networks of mobile populations to respond to their HIV&AIDS and reproductive health issues.

ii) To enhance adoption of best practice interventions in integrated HIV&AIDS and reproductive health service delivery within the institutions/organizations and networks of mobile populations in LVB

iii) To enhance regional integrated cross-border health service delivery and HIV/AIDS/RH surveillance

iv) To promote gender and rights based mainstreaming activities within the institutions and networks of mobile populations in LVB

v) To enhance information generation, sharing and dissemination on HIV&AIDS and reproductive health issues among mobile populations in LVB.

Expected Results i) Regional HIV&AIDS coordination structures for mobile populations established and strengthened.

ii) Integrated cross-border HIV&RH surveillance system established and operational

iii) Integrated one-stop wellness centres at border points and beach landing sites established and offering integrated HIV/RH services

iv) Gender workplace policies developed and operationalized in institutions/organizations and networks of mobile populations

v) Gender mainstreaming activities implemented in the institutions/organizations of mobile populations

Current Status Project formulation completed with a comprehensive investment plan in place.

Duration Four years

Estimated Project Cost

USD 8,287,309



BackGroUnD1.1 BackgroundLake Victoria, with a surface area of about 68,870 Km², is Africa’s largest and the world’s second largest freshwater lake. It is considered one of the most important shared natural resources by three of the partner states of the East African Community (Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania). The lake is a major source of water and fisheries in the region. The vegetation cover around the lake basin is comprised of savannah and wetlands. Its biodiversity and ecosystem provide a wide range of species of aquatic life, plant and forest cover. The socio-economic importance of Lake Victoria to the eastern Africa region is associated with the fact that it is: the largest inland water fishing sanctuary; a major inland water transport linkage for the East African countries; a source of water for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes; a major reservoir for hydroelectric power generation; a major climate modulator in the region; and rich in biodiversity.

The catchment of Lake Victoria (Lake Victoria Basin - LVB) covers an area of 180,950Km² with Tanzania occupying 44%, Kenya 22%, Uganda 16%, Rwanda 11% and Burundi 7%. The basin has a population of approximately 40 million people who directly exploit its natural resources to sustain their livelihoods. The LVB is endowed with rich natural resources. Activities such as agriculture and livestock production, hydro-power generation, forestry, fisheries, wildlife and tourism, and mining constitute major sources of income and employment to the population within the basin. These activities are supported by well laid out transport and communication network. The East African Community has recognized the vast potential for economic development that exists within the lake basin and has declared the area a regional Economic Growth Zone (EGZ). The basin has an estimated Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of US$40 billion.

There are opportunities for socio-economic development and investment in LVB in diverse areas including agriculture, fishing, education, trade, manufacturing, infrastructure development, information technology, and mining, all of which influence movement of populations across borders. With the opportunities there are also challenges, a number of which revolve around health, socioeconomics and exploitation of the environment, including resources within the lake and its basin in a manner that is not sustainable.

More than half of the basin population is living on an income of less than one dollar per day and relying heavily on subsistence production. There is high level of illiteracy, inappropriate skills for production and income generation activities, and lack of socio-economic incentives to meet the challenges of management and development. There is high population density, mortality rates are high, HIV&AIDS, tuberculosis and water-related diseases like malaria, typhoid and bilharzias are widespread while malnutrition is evident among children. Specifically, maternal and child mortality rates have remained high in the basin occurring as a result of preventable/treatable diseases and conditions. Sexual and reproductive health ailments are prevalent due to inadequate and targeted services. Health services are inaccessible to most of the populations especially those living in the hard to reach areas like the Islands. These pose a challenge for the EAC partner states within the basin to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

2.0 ProBLem statement2.1 HIV&AIDS Situation in the Lake Victoria BasinIt is estimated that about 1.3 million people including adults and children in Tanzania were living with HIV&AIDS in 2009. The 2007-2008 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey (THMIS) shows a


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013national HIV prevalence of 6%, a decline from a prevalence of 7% in the 2003-2004 (THMIS 2004; THMIS, 2008). The HIV prevalence is higher among women (7%) compared to men (5%). For both sexes, urban residents have higher levels of HIV infection (9%) than rural residents (5%) with HIV prevalence among urban women (11%) twice that of rural women (5%). There are large variations in HIV prevalence by region with Iringa (16%) having the highest prevalence and the islands of Pemba and Unguja (1%) having the lowest. The Kenya, HIV prevalence has not changed significantly in the past five years. According to the 2008-09 KDHS, HIV prevalence is at 6.3% for men and women aged 15-49 years compared with 6.9% in the 2003 KDHS and 7.4% in the 2007 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS). In Kenya 8.0% of women and 4.3% of men are HIV positive compared to 8.7% of women and 4.6% of men in 2003 KDHS and 8.8% of women and 5.5% of men in 2007 KAIS (KNBS, 2010). People living in urban areas are at a slightly higher risk of infection than those living in rural homes (KNBS, 2010). HIV prevalence is higher in uncircumcised (13%) than in circumcised men (3%).

HIV prevalence in the general population aged 15 – 49 years in Rwanda is 3%. HIV prevalence in urban areas (7.3%) is much higher than in rural areas (2.2%); and HIV prevalence in women (3.6%) significantly higher than in men (2.3%) [Source: RDHS (2005)]. During the recent sentinel surveillance survey (ANC, 2007) HIV prevalence in pregnant women was 4.3%. The percentage of young pregnant women who are HIV infected remains very high, particularly for the 15-19 age groups in Kigali. There has been an overall decrease in HIV prevalence; 5.2% HIV prevalence in 2003 and 4.3% in 2007. There is low HIV prevalence among young people aged 15-24 compared to the general population. However, young women are far more often infected by HIV than men at 3.9% versus 1.1% and 1% versus 0.3% for urban and rural areas respectively.

In Burundi, the overall HIV Sero-prevalence for the general population aged 18 months and older is 2.97%. The HIV prevalence is higher in urban (4.59%) and semi-urban areas (4.41%) compared to rural areas (2.82%). HIV prevalence among young people aged 15-24years is 3.04% with females bearing a higher burden (3.49%) than males (2.70%). Among adults aged 25-49 years HIV prevalence is 3.93% and 4.35% in males and females respectively. HIV prevalence among people aged 15-49 years is 3.58% with 3.24% and 4.02% of males and females infected. HIV prevalence among Sex Workers (38%) and displaced populations (4.46%) is much higher compared to that of the uniformed services (2.86%) and general population (2.97%). Between 2002 and 2007, overall HIV burden has increased in rural areas (2.2% to 2.93%) experienced a decline in semi-urban (6.6% to 4.00%) and appears to have stabilized in urban areas (4.0% to 3.77%).

HIV Sero-behavioural studies conducted by the EAC/AMREF Lake Victoria Partnership Programme (EALP) revealed that the prevalence of HIV among the fisher-folk is 22% in Uganda, 11% in Kenya and 7.6% in Tanzania. In the agricultural plantations, the prevalence is 8.4% in Uganda, 8.6% in Kenya and 6.8% in Tanzania. The key factors cited to be influencing the spread of HIV infection among agricultural plantation workers included: poverty; low female-to-male ratio, inadequate information on HIV&AIDS among plantation workers, low risk perceptions, the practice of commercial sex work as a means of supplementing income, seeking for favours, widow inheritance, negative beliefs on condoms and negative cultures/values.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013With the growing complexity of the HIV&AIDS epidemic in the region, substantial progress has been made towards a coordinated response to the HIV&AIDS crisis in form of research and intervention. Recently, The East African Community (EAC) developed a strategic framework for HIV interventions in the East African Region (EAC Regional Multi-sectoral Strategic Plan for HIV&AIDS 2008 – 2013). The strategy provides a framework that aims at harmonizing interventions to reduce the HIV&AIDS impact in the region. It is hoped the full implementation of the strategic plan will immensely contribute to reversing the HIV trend.

2.2 Other health related conditions in the basinOther human diseases commonly afflicting people in the LVB as established through the RTDA report of 2006 are Malaria, HIV&AIDS and related illnesses, Tuberculosis, Upper respiratory infections, Meningitis, Pneumonia, other vector-borne diseases (Schistosomiasis, Trypanosomiasis) and Water-borne diseases (Typhoid, Cholera, Amoebiasis, dysentery). There is a continuous threat of outbreaks of waterborne diseases in the Lake Victoria Basin. Available data shows numerous outbreaks of diseases caused by exposure to or consumption of poor quality water containing pathogenic bacteria that are responsible for transmitting various contagious diseases mentioned above.

The ministries responsible for Health and HIV&AIDS in the EAC Partner States and other actors are currently implementing country-specific HIV&AIDS services but there is an obvious lack of integration of HIV&AIDS services with other ailments that catalyze the scourge. Failure to offer integrated services results in implementation of vertical HIV&AIDS programmes that lack efficiency due to omission of key services such as: provision of comprehensive reproductive health services; prevention and control of vector borne diseases; and provision of nutrition related services. In addition, the presence of a multiplicity of actors in provision of HIV&AIDS services in the LVB does not seem to have had any significant impact on the high prevalence of the ailments. Most interventions are focused on pockets of the populations within the basin, which makes it difficult to gauge the individual or cumulative impact of the interventions. It is equally difficult to draw useful lessons on what has been proven to work because any lessons learnt seem to be confined to the level of the intervening organizations.

There is also evidence of lack of coordination of responses of the different actors hence raising issues of possible duplication, lack of involvement of affected populations and compromised sustainability. The lack of coordination creates inefficiencies especially at cross border health facilities. Referrals at such facilities are made to national health facilities, often hundreds of kilometres away even if the same service can be offered only a few metres away at a health facility located in the neighbouring state. Besides, informal cross-border health seeking behaviour by people residing along border points can potentially overburden health services in one state. In such cases, harmonized and coordinated health responses can create room for improved efficiency.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificanceLake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) in collaboration with other EAC institutions namely: Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO) and Inter-University Council of East Africa (IUCEA), intend to strengthen collective competencies and institutional frameworks for responding to HIV&AIDS and reproductive health issues among mobile populations in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB). The project intends to build on the gains of the EAC/AMREF Lake Victoria Basin HIV/AIDS Partnership (EALP) Programme and address gaps and emerging opportunities. The gaps include:

i) The need to magnify regional responses by strengthening interventions for which individual in-


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013country specific initiatives may not comprehensively address, but also focusing on some of the interventions that assure uninterrupted access to services by mobile populations

ii) The need to facilitate integrated response that addresses both HIV&AIDS as well as reproductive health issues affecting mobile populations

iii) Strengthening participation of National Technical Teams in not only in influencing key policy and technical roles but also fully participating in programme implementation

iv) Strengthening the capacity of select networks and organizations of mobile populations to address HIV &AIDS and reproductive health related risks and vulnerabilities.

Given the high number of mobile populations in the EAC, especially in the Lake Victoria Basin region, this response is critical to the effectiveness of national HIV&AIDS programmes in the five countries namely Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. The response is premised on the fact that despite there being many policies and programmes in place to address the vulnerability of various mobile populations to HIV&AIDS, most of them are mainly related to the workplace and address issues such as discrimination, confidentiality, recruitment and employment, testing and treatment. Further, some government departments have established strategic plans on HIV&AIDS for specific sectors, though their implementation has been slow. Overall, few policies and programmes address the specific structural issues that either increase risks or deny access to services by mobile populations.

By addressing the structural barriers and strengthening cross-border response frameworks, the proposed multi-year proposal will realize increases in the proportion of mobile populations accessing HIV&AIDS and reproductive health services within the Lake Victoria Basin. The programme will specifically strengthen the frameworks for integrated response to HIV&AIDS and related reproductive health issues that affect mobile populations.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion4.1 Programme Goal and Objectives The project goal is to contribute to the reduction in the prevalence of HIV&AIDS, and other reproductive health related diseases among mobile populations within the Lake Victoria Basin. The purpose is to build individual and collective competencies and strengthen institutional frameworks for responding to HIV&AIDS and other reproductive health issues among mobile populations in LVB.

Specifically, the programme seeks:i) To strengthen the management and coordination capacities of organizations/institutions and

networks of mobile populations to respond to their HIV&AIDS and other reproductive health issues.

ii) To enhance adoption of best practice interventions in integrated HIV&AIDS and reproductive health service delivery within the institutions/organizations and networks of mobile populations in LVB

iii) To enhance regional Integrated Cross-border health service delivery and HIV/AIDS/RH surveillanceiv) To promote gender and rights based approaches mainstreaming activities within the institutions

and networks of mobile populations in LVBv) To enhance information generation, sharing and dissemination on HIV&AIDS and other reproductive

health issues among mobile populations in LVB.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 20134.2 Description of activities per objectiveObjective 1: To strengthen the management and coordination capacities of organizations/institutions and networks of mobile populations to respond to their HIV&AIDS and reproductive health issues. To achieve the objective, the following activities will be implemented:

i) Conduct a mapping exercise of institutions and networks of mobile populations existing in the Lake Victoria basin.

ii) Conduct a SWOT analysis of the identified institutions and networks of mobile populations and categorize them.

iii) Support establishment of networks of mobile populations where they do not exist.iv) Establish and strengthen HIV&AIDS and reproductive health coordination structures in institutions

and networks of mobile populations guided by the SWOT analysis report.v) Support development/ operationalization of HIV&AIDS workplace policies and action plans in

mobile populations.vi) Support the development of a mechanism for establishing and strengthening of AIDS Control Units

in universitiesvii) Support the National Technical Teams (NTTs) to provide policy and technical guidance to the

programme

Objective 2: To enhance adoption of best practice interventions in integrated HIV&AIDS and reproductive health service delivery within the institutions/organizations and networks of mobile populations in LVBActivities

i) Identify and adapt best practices on integrated HIV&AIDS prevention, management and care and other health services

ii) Promote best practices in integrated HIV&AIDS prevention, management and care and other health services

iii) Support model Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) peer education programmesiv) Promote best practices in support of groups of mobile people living with HIV&AIDSv) Facilitate annual fora for sharing information on best management practices among institutions

and networks of mobile populations in the Lake Victoria Basin.

Objective 3: To enhance regional Integrated cross-border health service delivery, HIV&AIDS and RH surveillanceThe following activities will be implemented under this objective:Activities

i) Support harmonization of protocols for integrated HIV/AIDS/RH surveillance systems based on international standards.

ii) Promote the establishment and strengthening of integrated one-stop wellness centres at border points and beach landing sites, as well as effective referral systems for health care university students

iii) Support the establishment of networks of information capture and exchange between wellness centres and neighborhood health facilities at the border

iv) Promote integrated cross-border HIV/AIDS/RH surveillance activitiesv) Establish behavioural and biological surveillance systems among the three target groups


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013vi) Promote advocacy for integrated cross-border HIV&AIDS and other health issues of mobile

populations in LVBvii) Promote the provision of comprehensive mobile integrated HIV&AIDS and RH health services

Objective 4: To promote Gender and Rights Based Mainstreaming activities within the institutions and networks of mobile populations in LVBActivities The following activities will be implemented under this objective:

i) Establish/operationalize gender and RBA workplace policies in the institutions/organizations of mobile populations

ii) Facilitate capacity building on gender mainstreaming and Rights Based Approachiii) Support implementation of gender mainstreaming activities and RBA to HIV and AIDS programming

in institutions and networks of mobile populationsiv) Promote sensitization and advocacy on Gender and RBAv) Conduct situational analysis/SWOT on Gender issues and RBA among the mobile institutions/

networksvi) Create awareness on gender mainstreaming and rights based approach to implementation of

activities within institutions and networks of mobile population

Objective 5: To enhance information generation, sharing and dissemination on HIV&AIDS and reproductive health issues among mobile populations in LVB.Activities The activities under this objective will include:

i) Facilitate collection, verification and analysis of routine data on programme activities.ii) Support information sharing and disseminationiii) Establish an information feedback mechanism up to the community level iv) Support the establishment of community based monitoring and evaluation/health management

information system linked to the national M&E systems for the target mobile populations

4.3 Expected Outputsi) Regional HIV&AIDS coordination structures for mobile populations established and strengthened.ii) Integrated cross-border HIV&RH surveillance system established and operational iii) Integrated one-stop wellness centres at border points and beach landing sites established and

offering integrated HIV/RH servicesiv) Gender workplace policies developed and operationalized in institutions/organizations and

networks of mobile populationsv) Gender mainstreaming activities implemented in the institutions/organizations of mobile

populations4.4 Project Area and DesignThe project will be implemented on 169 Beach Management Units (BMUs), 20 agricultural plantations and 20 universities in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. The selected sites are those that participated in the HIV sero-behavioural studies during the implementation of the EAC/AMREF Lake Victoria HIV&AIDS Partnership (EALP) programme. The studies identified and recommended key interventions that would contribute to the reduction in prevalence of HIV and reproductive health ailments among mobile populations.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 20134.5 Implementation ApproachLVBC shall be the institutional home of the programme and will provide the auspices under which it will be implemented including hosting of the Programme Management Unit (PMU). LVBC will coordinate implementation of the programme in collaboration with LVFO and IUCEA with technical backstopping, quality assurance and policy support from the National Technical Teams in the Partner States. Third tier organizations namely; universities, agricultural plantations and beach management units will participate in the implementation of activities.

5.0 Performance monitorinG anD eVaLUationMonitoring and evaluation will be conducted to measure progress towards the programme goals and objectives, learn lessons for sharing and inform improvements in programme planning and advocacy for change in policy and practice.

5.1 MonitoringMonitoring and evaluation will be based on the indicators specified in the logical framework matrix. Initially programme monitoring will be done through, quarterly, semi-annual and annual progress reports. This will initially cover process indicators; later outcome and impact indicators will also be monitored. The PIT will develop/adapt and share planning and implementation guidelines to individual organizations supported by LVBC. The supported partners will be expected to submit reports using the agreed format. Monitoring will be conducted at the different levels of implementation. However, the PIT in collaboration with other implementing partners will develop and establish data collection tools. Involvement of partners in the data collection tools development and actual data collection will facilitate the consolidation of partnerships. The PIT will monitor progress routinely and share their findings with partners and collaborators including partner states representatives. Routine data will be collected on programme processes and outputs. Local analysis shall be encouraged with the technical support of the PIT to facilitate prompt local responses. Data summaries from the various components of the programme will form the basis for the periodic programme reports. In addition, a computerized database will be established to allow easier access and future reference. Progress reports will be regularly prepared and disseminated by the PIT to stakeholders at different levels.

In addition, there will be routine partners review meetings, the results of which will inform future programme interventions. At such meetings, programme progress reports and future plans will be discussed. Dissemination and lessons sharing will also take place through stakeholder and network meetings. Technical papers will be prepared for publication and presentation at national, regional and international conferences.

5.2 EvaluationThe programme will undertake a rapid assessment of the general public health situation in the basin that will provide baseline information for future evaluations. A midterm evaluation will be undertaken after 2 years of programme implementation. The midterm evaluation will determine the extent to which implemented activities and outputs result to the planned objectives. An end of programme evaluation will be conducted at the end of four years. It will also determine the extent to which the programme outcomes will have been achieved.





Objective 1: To strengthen the management and coordination capacities of organizations/ institutions and networks of mobile populations to respond to HIV&AIDS and reproductive health issues

i) Conduct a Mapping exercise of Institutions and networks of mobile populations existing in the Lake Victoria basin including SWOT analysis

ii) Support establishment of networks of mobile populations

iii) Establish and Strengthen HIV&AIDS and health coordination structures in institutions and networks of mobile populations guided by the SWOT analysis report

iv) Support development and/or operationalization of HIV&AIDS workplace policies and action plans in mobile populations

v) Support mainstreaming of HIV&AIDS prevention and control activities of universities and other collaborating partners into organizational programmes

vi) Support the National Technical Teams (NTTs) to provide policy and technical guidance to the programme

1,169,000

Objective 2: To adopt and implement best practices of integrated HIV&AIDS and reproductive health issues

i) Identify service delivery gaps based on the baseline sero-behavioural studies

ii) Stakeholder meetings with the beneficiaries to input into the minimum package for integrated service delivery

iii) Stakeholder meetings with the relevant administrative/ government structures

iv) Facilitate an annual forums for sharing information on best management practices among institutions and networks of mobile populations in the Lake Victoria Basin

v) Implement best practices on integrated HIV&AIDS prevention, management and care (drug abuse, social support, peer education and nutrition)

1,467,500



Objective 3: To enhance regional integrated cross-border HIV/AIDS and reproductive health service delivery and surveillance

i) Establish behavioural surveillance system among the three targeted groups

ii) Support harmonization of protocols for integrated HIV&AIDS/RH surveillance systems based on EAC research protocols and international standards

iii) Establish and strengthen integrated one-stop wellness centres at border points and beach landing sites

iv) Promote advocacy for Integrated cross-border HIV&AIDS and other health issues of mobile populations in LVB

1,145,000

Objective 4: To promote Gender and Rights Based mainstreaming activities within institutions and networks of mobile populations in LVB

i) Create awareness on Gender Mainstreaming and Rights Based Approach to implementation of activities within institutions and networks of mobile population

ii) Establish/operationalize Gender and RBA workplace policies in the institutions/organizations of mobile populations

iii) Facilitate capacity building on Gender mainstreaming and Rights Based approach

iv) Support implementation of Gender mainstreaming activities and RBA to HIV and AIDS programming

v) Promote sensitization and advocacy on Gender and RBA

1,463,298

Objective 5: To enhance routine data collection, verification, analysis and information dissemination on HIV&AIDS and reproductive health issues among mobile populations in LVB

i) Establish Community based Monitoring and Evaluation/Health Management Information System linked to the national M&E systems for the target mobile populations

ii) Facilitate collection, verification and analysis of routine data on programme activities

iii) Support information sharing and dissemination Conduct programme evaluations

990,835

a) Total Project Activity Costs 6,235,633b) Project Coordination and M&E

1,657,043

Total Programme Costs (a+b) 7,892,676Indirect Administrative costs 5% of (a+b)

394,633

Grand Total Programme costs 8,287,309



005 - PoPULation HeaLtH anD enVironment

PROJECT CONCEPT NOTEProject Title Integrated Population, Health and Environment Project

for Lake Victoria Islands (PHE-LVI)Sr. No. 005

Implementing Agency

LVBC Secretariat jointly with the EAC Partner States of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda


Project Goal: To promote integrated population, health, safe water, sanitation and environmental conservation approaches on the islands of Lake VictoriaProject objective: to strengthen household and community competencies and institutional frameworks on integrated Population, Health and Environment (PHE) for enhanced environmental conservation practices and increased access to basic health services


Population, Health and Environment (PHE) approaches strive to simultaneously improve access to health services while helping communities manage their natural resources in ways that improve their health and livelihood even as they protect the environment. This proposed project will contribute to three of the ten Strategic Intervention Areas identified for LVBC in the 4the EAC Development Strategy (2011-2014) and described in the LVBC Strategic Plan (2011-2016). These areas are: i) promoting improved health services with emphasis on HIV&AIDS, reproductive health, gender mainstreaming, water supply and sanitation; ii) Promotion of environment and natural resources management strategies; and ii) Promotion of integrated water resource management.


The choice to implement the PHE project on the islands of Lake Victoria is justified on the grounds that the inhabitants constitute a major category of disempowered communities in the Lake Victoria region as a result of environmental degradation combined with socio-economic challenges that continuously limit chances to lift these communities out of poverty. The meagre services available are implemented using vertical approaches hence compromising efficiency. The proposed PHE project will integrate health and environmental conservation initiatives in order to seek synergistic successes for greater conservation and human welfare outcomes than single-sector approaches. The approach acknowledges that people, their health, and the environment are interrelated and interdependent; changes in the number, state, and/or distribution of any of the above affects the others because human needs, their livelihood and a healthy environment are linked by chains of cause and effect.

Preparatory studies: iv) Population Dynamics, Climate Change and Sustainable Development in Kenya

and Malawi - by (African Institute for Development Policy- AFIDEP)v) Population Reference Bureau, Integrating Population, Health, and Environment

in Uganda. June 2009, 1.




i) Facilitate a shared definition and understanding among stakeholders of the PHE approach and its implication on the health and livelihoods of the inhabitants of the LV Islands

ii) Enhance capacity of communities to sustainabily manage ecosystem resources to improve livelihoods and wellbeing

iii) Improve reproductive health, maternal, neonatal and child health of island inhabitants

iv) Promote advocacy and policy interactions for integrated population health and environment approaches for communities in hard to reach areas

Expected Results i) A PHE Framework for Cooperation developed around which state and non-state actors coalesce

ii) A regional PHE strategic plan for LVBC developediii) Integrated PHE community champions and networks established and

operationaliv) Integrated health and environment policy frameworks harmonizedv) Appropriate cost-effective WASH technologies developed and implementedvi) Integrated PHE community groups and networks established and trainedvii) Community Health Workers supported to provide basic health care including

family planning commoditiesviii) PHE centres of excellence established and being used to offer knowledge in the

relevant areaix) A community Based Health and Environment Information System established

Current Status Project under formulationPossible gaps if on-going

Not Applicable – the project has not commenced

Duration Three yearsEstimated Project Cost

USD 4,050,000



1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDLake Victoria is the world’s second largest freshwater lake and the largest lake in Africa, with a total catchment of 250,000 square kilometres. The Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) area crosses five countries: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, and Rwanda. The lake is considered one of the most important shared natural resources by the EAC Partner States of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. It has over 3000 Islands most of which are inhabited. The main socio-economic activity on the islands is fishing. However, the communities are also engaged in other activities such as farming and trade. Most of the islands are, far away from the mainland and with no definite form of transport linking the island and the mainland except by boat. Delivery of government and nongovernment programs traditionally use a single sector approach, which does not always adequately solve the integrated nature of community problems. Several projects have been successful in addressing specific, narrowly focused objectives (such as fisheries research); however, they have not eased the worsening patterns of environmental damage and high population growth rates that are threatening to permanently undermine the environmental health of the LVB and the surrounding communities.

The region’s overall health is impacted by 70% of the LVB population utilizing raw water in some form or another, causing illnesses associated with contaminated water and poor sanitation practices such as typhoid fever, cholera, and dysentery. Cases of malaria in the lake region have been steadily increasing, and studies indicate this is due in part to climate change as well as poverty in the region.7 Over 80% of the population in the region relies on land, agriculture, and fishing for their livelihoods,8 and the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization reports that the lake fisheries support almost 2 million people with household incomes, and almost 22 million people in the region rely on fish for their consumption needs.9 Yet, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations reports that the population living around the LVB is among the poorest and most food insecure in all of East Africa due to declining land productivity, soil degradation, desertification, loss of biodiversity, livestock and crop diseases, declining fisheries, and poor development and trade policies.10

Compounding these problems, rapid population growth in the LVB puts additional pressures on natural resources, which could accelerate environmental degradation and limit the region’s overall development if left unmanaged. Approximately 30 million people live near the lake, and the population in the region is expected to double in the next two decades. Studies show that more than 40% of women in Uganda, and 25% in Kenya have an unmet need for contraception – women who report that they do not want another birth within the next two years, or ever, but are not using a method of contraception. Uganda’s annual population growth rate is 3.2%, one of the highest in the world,11 with Kenya’s rate slightly lower at 2.9%.12

Inadequate provision of, and access to, government services in the area are a leading factor in poor maternal health, including high rates of maternal mortality, which further devastate the region’s capacity for sustainable development. From 2005 to 2009, the reported maternal mortality ratio in Uganda was 440 and 490 in Kenya (per 100,000 live births). In Uganda, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is reported as 7 S Wandiga, M Opondo, et al. “Vulnerability to epidemic malaria in the highlands of Lake Victoria basin: the role of climate change/variability, hydrology and socio-economic factors,” Climate Change, Volume 99, Numbers 3-4. October 2009, 475. 8 Population Reference Bureau, Integrating Population, Health, and Environment in Uganda. June 2009, 19 Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization: http://www.lvfo.org/10 Richard O. Abila, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: “Fish Trade and Food Security: Are they Reconcilable in Lake Victoria.” http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y4961e/y4961e0d.htm11 Population Reference Bureau, 2009.12 UNICEF Country Statistics: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/kenya_statistics.html#81, 80.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013the second leading killer of women.13 In response, the Uganda Ministry of Health approved the use of misoprostol for the prevention and treatment of PPH, but sufficient supplies in remote health facilities is an ongoing problem.

Simple access to water and sanitation is an essential first step to protect human health, and a basic human right. Children are the most vulnerable to unsafe water and poor sanitation with the highest incidence of infectious diseases caused by poor-quality drinking water often found in infancy, a risky time in a child’s life. However, billions of people around the world live in the kind of squalor and disease that was eradicated long ago in the rich world.

The sanitation problem is even worse in many unserved and remote parts of the world. The Lake Victoria Islands are such places which despite the proximity to water, are increasingly faced with problems of access to clean and safe water as a result of the rapidly growing population of up to 7% per year, that cannot be adequately served with basic services like clean safe water and basic sanitation.

The health and sanitation problems on the islands are occasioned mostly by: Inaccessibility of the islands Lack of safe water and sanitation infrastructure Inadequate access to health education Lack of health facilities on the islands Underutilization of the available services Inadequate knowledge on prevention of illnesses

It is against the foregoing background that this integrated Population Health and Environment (PHE) project is developed to address the multifaceted challenges that inhabitants of the islands face and that require sectorally integrated solutions.

13 USAID, MCH Program Description: Uganda. http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/mch/countries/africa/uganda.pdf.



2.0 ProBLem statementThe interconnection and interdependence between human activities and the environment calls for a regional, integrated response to properly manage existing and emerging threats to the vulnerable biodiversity of the entire LVB area and associated ecosystem services. Currently, unsustainable rates of fish harvesting (e.g., overfishing) and destructive fishing practices (e.g., use of illegal gear), poor agriculture practices and forest clearing, compounded by rapid population growth and inadequate government policies, regulations, and provision of services, are driving forces behind a rapidly changing and degrading ecosystem. In addition, ongoing activities such as discharges of untreated sewage and other pollutants into the lake are causing harm to the water quality; nutrient runoff from agriculture practices is causing eutrophication; and siltation from the erosion of deforested watersheds further threaten the health and livelihoods of the millions of people who depend on the lake’s natural resources.

The inhabitants of the islands of Lake Victoria are a disempowered group of people who are still engulfed in the viscous cycle of poverty and ill-health. Proximity to the mainland and lack of water transport are the main contributing factors to lack of accessibility to the health services available on the mainland. The major human diseases commonly afflicting people on the islands are Malaria, HIV&AIDS and related illnesses, Tuberculosis, Upper respiratory infections, Meningitis, Pneumonia, other vector-borne diseases (Schistosomiasis, Trypanosomiasis) and Water-borne diseases (Typhoid, Cholera, Amoebiasis, dysentery). The water related diseases occur as a result of consumption of poor quality water from the lake containing pathogenic bacteria. The lake is used as the main sanitation facility.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificance Although there are many actors in health and environmental conservation in the EAC Partner States, most of them are concentrated on the mainland leaving the islands unattended. Consequently, basic health care, safe water and sanitation and appropriate technology for environmental conservation are inaccessible.

According to The End Water Poverty Campaign, without sanitation and water there can be no sustainable development in health, education and livelihoods, locking people into a cycle of poverty and disease. Hence the sanitation crisis is one of inequality and poverty. If it is not tackled decisively, it will prevent and undermine progress made in reducing poverty, in achieving universal primary education, reduction of child mortality, improving people’s basic health and other development goals.

Hence the choice to implement the PHE project on the islands of Lake Victoria is justified on the grounds that the inhabitants constitute a major category of disempowered communities in the Lake Victoria region as a result of environmental degradation combined with socio-economic challenges that continuously limit chances to lift these communities out of poverty (Sida, 2007).

What is PHE?PHE is an approach to development that integrates Population, Health, and the Environment (PHE) to effectively serve people and their resources worldwide. A PHE approach integrates health or family planning with conservation efforts to seek synergistic successes for greater conservation and human welfare outcomes than single-sector approaches.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013Why PHE?More than 1 billion people live in ecological hotspots, many of which are remote areas of critically important biodiversity under intense pressure from human activity. Conservation work is usually located in these remote areas to protect the remaining biodiversity. In the developing world, the communities in these remote areas often suffer from ill health because of limited access to health services or family planning. These communities also tend to suffer from poor nutrition, water supplies or sanitation. Inadequate health care in these communities is usually because of economic struggles. Livelihoods in the rural communities depend on natural resources and small-scale agriculture, which can force people to use natural resources unsustainably because of pressures such as rapid population growth or health issues. This can be damaging to ecosystems and the biodiversity in these rural areas.

Conversely, people’s health relies on the health of their environment. Their surrounding ecosystem provides them with goods and services such as water, food, medicine, fuel wood, building materials, and other resources. Damage or disruption of these natural goods and services can have severe consequences for human health.

Projects that take the PHE approach work to create healthier communities and ecosystems. These projects aim to bring better health services to remote communities to improve participation in conservation efforts. PHE projects also promote family planning services to help slow population growth that can put pressure on natural resources. That means PHE approaches strive to simultaneously improve access to health services while helping communities manage their natural resources in ways that improve their health and livelihood even as they protect the environment. Beyond this, the PHE approach also targets synergies between human health and ecosystem health by including a wide spectrum of development and conservation targets such as the sustainable management of natural resources, improving livelihoods, food security and nutrition, and by maintaining or restoring habitats and ecosystem functions. By focusing on the synergy between communities and their environment, the PHE approach conserves biodiversity while at the same time improving environmental health conditions for the local people. PHE is effective at achieving a wide range of positive results over multiple sectors.

Population, health and environment (PHE) projects acknowledge and address the complex connections between humans, their health, and their environment. The key objective of these projects is to simultaneously improve access to health services while also helping communities manage their natural resources in ways that improve their health and livelihoods and conserve the critical ecosystems they depend upon.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion 4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveThe goal of the project is to promote population health, safe water and environmental conservation on the islands of Lake Victoria.The specific objectives are to:

i) Facilitate a shared definition and understanding among stakeholders of the PHE approach and its implication on the health and livelihoods of the inhabitants of the LV Islands

ii) Promote advocacy and policy interactions for integrated population health and environment approaches for communities in hard to reach areas

iii) Enhance capacity of communities to sustainabily manage ecosystem resources to improve livelihoods and wellbeing


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013iv) Improve reproductive health, maternal, neonatal and child health of island inhabitants

4.2 Description of activities per objectiveObjective 1: Facilitate a shared definition and understanding among different stakeholders of the PHE approach and its implication on the health and livelihoods of the inhabitants of the LV Islands The activities under this objective will include:

i) Characterizing and defining key health vulnerabilities that result from ecosystem changes on the islands

ii) Documenting how ecosystem changes are influence community interactions with the health system on the islands

iii) Documenting core and relevant health, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental indicators

iv) Identify capacity building needs for PHEv) Facilitate development of a community based Management Information System for PHEvi) Based on the gathered information, develop a PHE action plan for the LV Islands

Objective 2: Enhance capacity of communities to sustainably manage ecosystem resources to improve livelihoods and wellbeingTo realize this objective, the following activities will be implemented:

i) Identify/establish integrated PHE community groups and networks on Islandsii) Build capacity of community groups on governance and management of Health and Environment

interventionsiii) Support establishment of partnerships and linkages between the Island communities and the

relevant government departments and other stakeholdersiv) Develop an integrated PHE training curriculum for Community Health Workers (CHWs) and

Environmental conservationistsv) Support establishment of Community dialogue platforms for integrated PHE interventionsvi) Support development of community action plans for PHE

Objective 3: Improve WASH, reproductive health, maternal, neonatal and child health services for island inhabitantsThe following activities will be implemented under this objective:

i) Support construction of ECOSAN toilet modelsii) Support appropriate water harvesting methods and technologiesiii) Support development of community water treatment systems using simple technologyiv) Support acquisition of basic health care (curative services, Maternal and Child Health, Family

Planning, Reproductive Health) through provision of basic healthcare kits to CHWsv) Support establishment of community self-help dispensariesvi) Support establishment of PHE demonstration centers on the islands

Objective 4: Promote advocacy and policy interactions for integrated population health and environment approaches for communities in hard to reach areasThe activities under this objective will include:

i) Support development of integrated legislation and regulations to govern PHE activitiesii) Develop a standardized mechanism for enforcing existing regulations and legislation on health and


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013environment responses i.e. on pollution control and waste water management

iii) Support harmonization of macro and micro level health and environment policy frameworks so that they are supportive of the PHE approach

iv) Identify and support local, national and regional level advocacy audiences and platforms for PHEv) Training of Community members as PHE advocacy champions

4.3 Expected Outputsi) A regional PHE strategic plan for LVBC developedii) Integrated PHE community champions and networks established and operationaliii) Integrated health and environment policy frameworks harmonizediv) Appropriate cost-effective WASH technologies developed and implementedv) Integrated PHE community groups and networks established and trainedvi) Community Health Workers supported to provide basic health care including family planning

commoditiesvii) PHE centres of excellence established and being used to offer knowledge in the relevant areaviii) A community Based Health and Environment Information System established

4.4 Project AreaThe project will be implemented in selected inhabited islands in Lake Victoria. The criteria for selection will include:

Islands with a population of over 500 persons A distance of over 20 km² from a health facility Evidence of lack of health and sanitation facilities

4.5 Project designThis will be a three- year project to be implemented in two distinct phases namely the preliminary phase and the implementation phase. The preliminary phase will entail situation analysis and planning. The implementation phase will encompass capacity building, development of institutional frameworks and structures and interventions.

4.6 Project implementation ApproachThe project will be implemented by several partners including communities, relevant government departments, LVBC and other stakeholders. LVBC will perform the overall coordination of the project including fund management, overseeing capacity building and establishment of institutional frameworks and structures and implementation processes. Government departments and other stakeholders will provide technical support and also oversee implementation of the PHE interventions. Communities will provide the human capital and material resources. Full participation of the community members and contribution of their resources will enhance ownership of the project hence its sustainability. In addition, involvement of the relevant government departments will ensure that interventions put in place will continue beyond the project life cycle.

5.0 monitorinG anD eVaLUationMonitoring and Evaluation (M&E) will form an integral part of the project planning and implementation process. Monitoring will entail tracking of day to day progress in achievement of planned activities. It will further involve determination of the extent to which desired outputs are achieved. The project will


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013undertake a situation analysis that will provide baseline information for future evaluations. A midterm evaluation will be undertaken after 1½ years of project implementation. The midterm evaluation will determine the extent to which implemented activities and outputs result to the planned objectives. An end of project evaluation will be conducted at the end of three years. It will also determine the extent to which the project outcomes will have been achieved



Objective 1: Facilitate a shared definition and understanding among different stakeholders of the PHE approach and its implication on the health and livelihoods of the inhabitants of the LV Islands

i) Characterizing and defining key health vulnerabilities that result from ecosystem changes on the islands

ii) Documenting how ecosystem changes influence community interactions with the health system on the islands

iii) Documenting core and relevant health, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental indicators

iv) Identify capacity building needs for PHEv) Facilitate development of a community based

Management Information System for PHEvi) Based on the gathered information, develop a

PHE action plan for the LV Islands

350,000

Objective2: Support establishment/ strengthening of community governance and management structures for implementation of health and sanitation interventions

i) Identify/establish integrated PHE community groups and networks on Islands

ii) Build capacity of community groups on governance and management of Health and Environment interventions

iii) Support establishment of partnerships and linkages between the Island communities and the relevant government departments and other stakeholders

iv) Develop an integrated PHE training curriculum for Community Health Workers (CHWs) and Environmental conservationists

v) Support establishment of Community dialogue platforms for integrated PHE interventions

vi) Support development of community action plans for PHE

500,000



Objective 3: Improve WASH, reproductive health, maternal, neonatal and child health services for island inhabitants

i) Support construction of ECOSAN toilet modelsii) Support appropriate water harvesting

methods and technologiesiii) Support development of community water

treatment systems using simple technologyiv) Support acquisition of basic health care

(curative services, Maternal and Child Health, Family Planning, Reproductive Health) through provision of basic healthcare kits to CHWs

v) Support establishment of community self-help dispensaries

vi) Support establishment of PHE demonstration centers on the islands

2,900,000

Objective 4: Promote advocacy and policy interactions for integrated population health and environment approaches for communities in hard to reach areas

i) Support development of integrated legislation and regulations to govern PHE activities

ii) Develop a standardized mechanism for enforcing existing regulations and legislation on health and environment responses i.e. on pollution control and waste water management

iii) Support harmonization of macro and micro level health and environment policy frameworks so that they are supportive of the PHE approach

iv) Identify and support local, national and regional level advocacy audiences and platforms for PHE

v) Training of Community members as PHE advocacy champions

300,000

Sub-totalProject Coordination and M&E

900,000

GRAND TOTAL US$ 4,050,000




roUnDtaBLe tWo: cLimate cHanGe;

enVironment & natUraL resoUrce manaGement

east african commUnitY Lake Victoria Basin commission secretariat



006 - reDD+ for mt. eLGon ecosYstem

PROJECT CONCEPT NOTEProject Title Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest

Degradation (REDD+) Program for the Mt. Elgon Ecosystem

Sr. No.006

Implementing Agency

Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat jointly with the Republics of Kenya and Uganda

Goal To create a REDD+ framework and pilot activities within the trans-boundary Mt. Elgon ecosystem that can contribute to climate change mitigation, adaptation and sustainable development by reducing deforestation, forest degradation, conservation, the sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (‘REDD+’)

Related LVBC Operational Strategy Programme Area

This program addresses the “Environment and Natural Resources Management” key result area of the LVBC Operational Strategy. The initiative will also facilitate greater institutional, policy and governance harmonization in the context of sustainable land management between Kenya and Uganda.

Project Objectives 1. To create a framework for a trans-boundary sub-national REDD+ programme including shared methodology components, monitoring system, and harmonized governance mechanisms.

2. Implement at least 2 distinct REDD+ projects, one in Kenya and in Uganda, which can be national REDD+ demonstration pilot for each country.


Mt Elgon ecosystem is an area of critical importance to both the republic of Kenya and Uganda. There exists a potential of having REDD+ activities in an area of close to 700,000ha coordinated by several government and non-governmental institutions in the two countries. This would provide a framework of using carbon finance to fund effective trans-boundary conservation of this critical ecosystem. The programme will score first in a number of aspects including the fact that it will be the first trans-boundary carbon credit project ever registered and the first REDD+ project site in Uganda. The ecosystem contributes to the socio-economic wellbeing of over 2 million people who depend on it. The ecosystem boasts of over 500,000 hectares of pristine forest and as an important water tower that feeds into Lake Victoria. The ecosystem is estimated to have a potential of 19.5 million tons of carbon credits over a period of 30 years. The Commission has already developed a REDD+ Strategy for Mt Elgon. This will be critical in guiding REDD+ activities in this trans-boundary ecosystem.



Specific Objectives 1. To jointly with relevant stakeholders define and agree the ecosystem boundary, map activities, and land use patterns. This will result in the development of the documentation necessary to attract carbon finance.

2. To establish appropriate institutional infrastructure: LVBC’s Climate Change Unit (CCU) will be instrumental in ensuring coordination amongst stakeholders and broad engagement.

3. To assess potential benefits from, and negative impacts of, REDD+ activities: Coordination cross-border to ensure harmonization of measurement protocols, and strong management so that all forms of potential benefits and threats, including livelihood and gender impacts are considered.

4. To assist with the identification, implementation and management of project activities by REDD+ proponents, including monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of environmental and social impacts.

5. To assist with the promotion and funding of the REDD+ projects, including connection with foreign investors.

Expected Outputs • Carbon credit project documentation: E.g. Project Idea Notes (PINs), Project Design Documents (PDDs), verification, validation and registration documents for issuance of carbon credits (likely Verified Carbon Units under the Verified Carbon Standard and accreditation by Climate, Community and Biodiversity Standards)

• Annual reports from the institutional framework that supports the trans-boundary REDD+ program

• Project events and reports, e.g. disseminated Learning Reports and presentations at various international meetings as this is a first-of-kind initiative

Duration of the project

Six (6) years. However, this can be broken down into shorter project milestones.

Total Project budget

USD 17.69 Million

LVBC SecretariatJune, 2013Kisumu, Kenya



1.0 BackGroUnD to tHe ProJectClimate change, resulting from the dangerous increase in atmospheric Green House Gas (GHG) concentrations, has already manifested itself in the East African region with disastrous effects. Both the Government of Uganda (GoU) and the Government of Kenya (GoK) have signed and ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol, and are encouraged to report on, and take steps to reduce GHG emissions and protect forest carbon stocks. They have also signed and ratified the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which has similar goals in terms of protecting and enhancing forest areas.

Additionally, in their national strategic plans, both governments have identified objectives that overlap with international climate change and biodiversity issues, and which are relevant for the implementation of this REDD+ program. For example, Kenya’s Vision 2030 requires the preservation of national ‘water towers’, of which Mt. Elgon is one, and an increase in national forest cover to 10%. The National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS) and Forest Act have complementary objectives. In Uganda, Vision 2025, supported by National Development Plans and National Forestry Plans, has mandated the increase in national forest cover.

The international community is providing support for developing countries to develop and implement national and sub-national REDD+ strategies and projects. This support comes through established formal processes (UNFCCC), multilateral and bilateral programs (e.g. the World Bank Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, UN-REDD), and private sector initiatives (voluntary carbon markets). These interventions are already being tested in Kenya and Uganda. Although these initiatives prioritize mitigation, it is clear that such activities also complement existing regional and national conservation and sustainable development objectives.

GoK and GoU are developing national strategies to reduce GHG emissions and to facilitate adaptation to climate change. Enhancing terrestrial carbon stocks is an important mitigation strategy. Forests generate valuable environmental and social goods and services, which can also increase adaptive capacity to climate change. The Mount Elgon forests are of particular importance because of their role within the Lake Victoria watershed.

This program is intended to support national REDD+ strategy development and implementation in Kenya and Uganda. It is assumed that each side will report as a sub-national pilot to the governments, and that there may be various discrete carbon credit projects. Given the trans boundary location – and critical importance – of the Mt. Elgon ecosystem, activities require a high level of coordination to be both effective and efficient. This program, proposed by the LVBC, supports the Governments in their REDD+ strategy development and implementation by initiating pilot REDD+ projects in each country, and ensuring that these promote best outcomes.

2.0 ProBLem statementThe Mount Elgon ecosystem as a major water tower and habitats of species of extreme importance is at high risk of degradation and extinction. This is because of unsustainable use of natural resources. Whereas the communities are aware of the value of the ecosystem resources, they lack the knowledge for sustainable exploitation. In accessible areas, there is illegal felling of timber by exploiters. This is


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013largely because the livelihoods of the people living within the Mt Elgon ecosystem is primarily small-scale subsistence agriculture-based, hence the dependence on the natural resources endowment. In some parts of the ecosystem, there is heavy grazing pressure and considerable degradation of the ecosystem has been observed. The threats to the Mt Elgon ecosystem are as a result of four main root causes. First is the absence of cross-border coordination and cooperation for biodiversity conservation. Many of the direct threats are trans-boundary issues, since it is often the same people who are involved. As far as many people are concerned, there is no boundary or border. But more importantly local communities (often poor and at high densities) living adjacent the Mt Elgon ecosystem lack the know-how and incentives for development and sustainable management of natural resources. Relatively high population densities combined with poverty and limited livelihood options is putting pressure on Mt Elgon ecosystem resources. Behind these practices lie a number of context specific causes for people’s behaviour, which have been lumped together as “lack of know-how and incentives”, i.e. lack of awareness of the value of forest functions, lack of knowledge of ways of improving production and value from existing farmlands, lack of value addition and poor marketing leading to low returns to the people from farm produce, but last but most significance lack of understanding of returns for Ecosystems services and conservation. REDD+ programme will provide this crucial incentive to conservation.

3.0 ProJect rationaLe /JUstificationNational REDD+ strategies are currently being finalized and implemented by both Governments. This is in part a response to expectations for sizeable international financial support for performance-based mitigation from the land use sectors. However, performance based mitigation requires clear and agreed crediting baselines against which to assess progress, Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems, and acceptable governance and benefit sharing systems. In developing their national REDD+ strategies, the GoK and GoU are keen to identify and monitor demonstration or pilot sites where arrangements can be tested. This program provides the foundation for such demonstration sites locally. Specifically by:

• Establishing and testing sub-national systems for development of reference levels, MRV systems, governance and benefit sharing systems.

• Developing a sub-national framework for the development and implementation of “nested” activities, which could take advantage of performance-based funding streams (e.g. through existing carbon credit standard schemes).

• Consider, develop, and test a trans boundary approach to REDD+.The project location is justified as a priority REDD+ area due to its importance for the Lake Victoria watershed. Both Governments have indicated their support for this program as a way to develop best-practice REDD+ demonstration sites. Local and international Non-Governmental Organisations and Civil Society Groups have also indicated their interest and support through stakeholder consultations held in 2012.

The LVBC have also already developed and implemented a variety of initiatives aimed at protecting the regional ecosystem around Mt. Elgon. Many of these are complementary to REDD+ type interventions. For example, community-based schemes to reduce forest pressure through increased benefit sharing in the Mt Elgon region have been trialled through Community Revolving Funds (CRFs), using Community Based Organisations (CBOs). Eligible CBOs are identified using the MERECP draft guidelines for implementation of CRFs and Participatory Benefit Sharing Agreements (PBSA). This system has already been linked to forest cover protection; specifically it has supported livelihood plantations and payments for deforestation avoidance.



4.0 ProJect DescriPtion4.1 Project objectives and expected outputs To meet the goals, stated above, the project has two clear objectives:

i) To create the first framework for a trans-boundary sub-national REDD+ programme including shared methodology components, monitoring system, and harmonized governance mechanisms

ii) Implement either 1 trans boundary REDD+ project, or 2 distinct REDD+ projects, one in Kenya and in Uganda. The REDD+ project(s) should qualify as a national REDD+ demonstration pilot for each country.

The attainment of these objectives will be monitored based on the outputs – both in terms of milestones, such as establishment of an agreed transboundary REDD+ management framework, and tangible outputs. The final, tangible outputs of the whole initiative may include:

• The REDD+ project documentation: Project Idea Notes (PINs), Project Design Documents (PDDs), verification, validation and registration documents for issuance of carbon credits (likely Verified Carbon Units under the Verified Carbon Standard and accreditation by Climate, Community and Biodiversity Standards);

• Annual reports from the institutional framework that supports the trans-boundary REDD+ program;• Project events and reports, e.g. disseminated Learning Reports and presentations at various

international meetings, as this is a first-of-kind initiative.

4.2 Project ComponentsThis concept proposal is for an initiative that supports the development of a trans-boundary sub-national REDD+ program in the Mt. Elgon ecosystem. This involves several components:

• Specific project activities on each side of the border: This will be in the context of two (2) separate REDD+ projects, which will act as demonstration pilots for the governments. The REDD+ project(s) will address specific drivers within the boundary, however, these have already been identified as being largely the same for both the Kenyan and the Ugandan side (see the Mt Elgon REDD+ Strategy, 2012). Qualified project proponents, e.g. the local forestry authority with civil society, will lead the development and implementation of specific activities such as reforestation.

• Trans-boundary coordination activities: The LVBC will support the development of a shared REDD+ framework. This will address technical issues such as harmonized forest definitions, reference levels, benefit sharing, and MRV systems. It will also support cross-border learning, promotion of the activities locally and internationally.

The project will be implemented in three phases:

Figure 1: Project description according to timing


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 20134.3 Key activities

The REDD+ activities, which were identified by stakeholders in an extensive consultation process at the national and local levels, have been categorized according to the specific activity, REDD+ (mitigation) benefit, cost estimates, and possible Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Each proposed activity was categorised according to its role as a “Social”, “Governance”, “Environmental”, and “Economic” intervention, and ranked according to its perceived importance. These specific activities are given in Tables 1-4 below.

Table 1: Potential specific social intervention activities and timing

Specific activity REDD+ benefit Costs items/centres

Possible KPIs

A.Identification and development of community engagement models

Communities are involved in planning and have greater involvement. Institutions created to engage on REDD+.

Workshops, support to groups (6 groups):

<1 yr: Identify CBOs to engageOn-going: Track number, distribution, economic and environmental success of communities

B.Community awareness and engagement program

Communities are more engaged, more awareness of opportunities and plans

Monthly radio show, quarterly newsletter:

<1 yr: Radio shows established, newsletterOn-going: Number of listeners, readers. Community feed-back

C.Facilitate solution for displacement peoples through mapping, legal support and government lobbying

Tenure insecurity is resolved, finalization of settlement issues to clarify REDD+ baseline and target interventions

Mapping of displaced peoples, legal assistance, meetings

<1 yr: Mapping, legal assistance On-going: Monitoring of specific locations where issues have been resolved

DFacilitation disarming of armed groups

Security is improved; communities feel more comfortable investing in land, fire risk reduced

Mapping of areas, community engagement meetings, support to joint patrols (6 patrols p.a.), support to local judiciary

<1 yr: Mapping, communities and officials engagement, patrolsOn-going: Number of joint patrols, number of arrests, prosecutions, number of incidences



Specific activity REDD+ benefit Costs items/centres

Possible KPIs

E.Documentation and promotion of cultural values and sites

Information about important sites so they are protection, engagement of youth

Mapping of sites, monitoring, study and publication to communities

<1 yr: Map of sites, first draft of studyOn-going: Catalogue of sites and traditions, preservation of shrines

Table 2: Potential specific governance intervention activities and timing

Specific activity Benefits Costs and cost estimates

Possible KPIs

A.Review and lobby for changes to incentives, optimized land use planning

Change in laws so that they are more amenable to REDD+, and aligned across the border

Review and assessment, stakeholder workshop, advocacy support

<1 yr: Workshop and reports, meetingsOn-going: Changes in laws and policies, political interest and engagement

B.Promote improved law enforcement and anti-corruption measures

Dis-incentivize illegal resource extraction that leads to degradation and deforestation.

Assess differences in law enforcement and prosecution, support development of agreements and joint trans-boundary protocols

<1 yr: Assessment and drafts of protocols On-going: Joint enforcement activities, reduction in illegal activities

C.Build knowledge and capacity in government and other implementers

Increase implementers knowledge of REDD+ program, relevant regulations, policies and incentives to promote more buy-in

Assess local stakeholders (database), and develop regular forums for engagement and updates (consider 6 forums p.a.)

<1 yr: Development of database, planning of initial forumsOn-going: Meetings held, policy changes, materials distributed to policy-makers and implementers

D.Awareness creation among local political, religious and social leaders on environment

Increase local leaders knowledge of REDD+ program, relevant regulations, policies and incentives to promote more buy-in

Identify of important leaders (database), regular engagement program

<1 yr: Development of database, initial forums plannedOn-going: Meetings held, distribution of information to communities, community members aware of programs


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013Table 3: Potential specific environmental intervention activities and timing

Specific activity REDD+ benefit Costs and cost estimates

Possible KPIs

A.Training programs for communities on land management

Maintain vegetation and soil carbon stocks, higher and long-term productivity for communities.N.B. May generate new revenue streams, carbon credits

Mapping, community consultations, development of training program, training events, monitoring

<1 yr: Identify priority areas, participation, develop training materialOn-going: Uptake of training, implementation of activities, success in terms of productivity and GHG impact

B.Promote viable tree-growing activities

Maintain and enhance carbon stocks, productivity, new income streamsN.B. May generate new revenue streams, carbon credits

Identify and map opportunities, stakeholder meeting and engagement, program design, seed funding for projects

<1 yr: Identify areas, stakeholders engagementOn-going: Develop viable plans, implementation, vegetation cover, GHG impact, revenues from products

C.Support fire risk monitoring, fire fighting

Better-resourced and coordinated local forest management agencies. N.B. May generate carbon credits from IFM, REDD.

Assess current resources and procedures, develop joint protocols, new equipment and implementation support

<1 yr: Assessment and protocols completed On-going: Monitor incidence and severity of fire, response time

D.Collection of deadwood, mature tree harvesting

Reduces fire risk. May increase revenue streams from harvested wood.

Consultations, collection and harvest plans, support to forest management institutions

<1 yr: Consultations and assessments, develop collection and harvest planOn-going: Implementation, fire incidence, harvests

E.Support establishment of at least 2 fire belts (1 each in Kenya and in Uganda)

Direct benefits to local forest management authorities and communities. N.B. May generate carbon credits from A/R, IFM, REDD

Identify location and size of fire belt, develop management protocols, tree planting and maintenance:

<1 yr: Identification of areas, development of management protocolsOn-going: Planting activities, increment in woody biomass, reduction in local fire incidence




Possible KPIs

F.Provide smokers to communities

Reduced incidence of fire.

Consultations, assess smoker designs, purchase, training, distribution, periodic review

<1 yr: Consultations, assess design, purchase, distribution, training On-going: review of uptake

G.Tracking of timber

Reduced illegal logging

Map timber value chain, examine existing tracking systems, stakeholder meetings and plan

<1 yr: Map value chain, examine existing tracking systems, stakeholder meetings and plan On-going: Number of arrests, prosecution, impact on illegal logging

H.Promote more productive, sustainable, climate resilient agricultural practices

Promote increased long-term productivity, take pressure off the forestsN.B. May provide income stream from carbon credits

Convene stakeholder meeting, development of proposals, seed funding for 6 proposals (demos)

<1 yr: Meetings, at least two demonstration plans On-going: Uptake of practices, impact on farm economy and GHGs, financial performance

I.Promote improved extraction and processing of timber and NTFPs to lessen wastage

Reduce waste in the value chain, greater productivity to suppress demand.

Study of waste in the value chain, evaluation of opportunities and seed funding for 2 projects

<1 yr: Study and formulation of proposalsOn-going: Success of proposal (financial viability, uptake)

J.Push for sustainable policies by timber-using industries

Promote more productivity for wood harvested, reduce demand for illegal timber

Local timber value chain and policy assessment with local NGOs. Development of a strategy document for policy makers.

<1 yr: Consultation, development of strategyOn-going: Policy changes, impact on wood harvest and conversion rates




Possible KPIs

K.Promote recycling and reuse of materials

Reduced demand for raw materials, reduced waste. May result in new revenue streams, may result in carbon credits from avoided methane.

Assessment of timber product life-cycle, stakeholder meetings, funding to support 2 plans if viable opportunities exist

<1 yr: Study of life-cycle, stakeholder meetings, submission of plansOn-going: Success of plans, conversion rates of materials, raw material demand

Table 4: Potential specific economic intervention activities, timing and budget


Possible KPIs

A. Tree planting See Table 8b (B)B.Energy saving technologies at household and production level

Reduced demand for wood fuel and charcoal. Reduces household expenditure. May lessen degradation and deforestation. N.B. May generate carbon credits

Energy needs and technology assessment, proposal development, contribution towards 4 projects

<1 yr: Study and develop proposalsOn-going: Project implementation, assessment of energy (including wood fuel) saved, GHG impact

C.Promote alternative energy sources

Reduced demand for wood fuel and charcoal. May lessen degradation and deforestation. N.B. May generate carbon credits

Renewable energy assessment, strategy development, discussion with government agencies on licenses etc., engage developers, contribution towards projects (4 projects)

<1 yr: Study and strategy, discussions with stakeholders On-going: Interest from developers, uptake and implementation of project, energy provision (kilowatt hours), energy replaced, GHG impact

D. Improved farming

See Table 8b (H)




Possible KPIs

E.Identify and promote diverse on and off farm IGAs

Increase productivity and profit potential outside of forests, increase profit per hectare of land managed.

Assess existing IGAs, research on new potential IGAs. Develop business support services. Awareness creation. Seed funding for (e.g. CRF) IGAs. Stakeholder consultations with banks and technical assistance providers.Develop program and facilities for financial literacy and business courses.

<1 yr: Assessment, identification of stakeholders and interested communities, plan for business support services, training program and facilities, CRF modality set-upOn-going: Track new IGAs: up-take of ideas, business success, spread of business ideas, GHG impact

F.Promote use of alternative building materials

Reduced demand for wood for building, reduced timber demand from forest

Study of building material demand, stakeholder consultations, strategy for alternatives, support development of alternatives

<1 yr: Study, consultations, development of strategy documentsOn-going: Development and demand for alternatives, local prices of different building materials

G.Strengthen local extension service provision (forestry and agriculture)

Promote tree cover on farms, sustainable agricultural practices, minimize losses and increase productivity. N.B. Depending on activities suggested may generate carbon credits.

Stakeholder workshop and needs assessment. Planning (including monitoring framework) and financial support to provide improved extension services.

<1 yr: Final plan, monitoring in placeOn-going: Monitoring of key metrics (for example number of farmers reached, profit margins, GHG impact)




Possible KPIs

H.Support and implement programs to clarify rights

Identify owners of benefits to ensure distribution leads to sustainable outcome, promotes preservation and increase in tree cover

Workshops to assess and map resources, review existing and potential carbon credit generating groups, awareness creation, promotion of rights, develop and maintain register of rights

<1 yr: Assessment and mapping completed, plan and register developedOn-going: Numbers of carbon credit generating groups, resource titles registered

5.0 BUDGet BY actiVitY

The proposed budget for REDD+ implementation is given below.

Total budget estimate for REDD+ strategy implementation

Total budget US$ Million Total

Social interventions 1.265Governance interventions 2.800Environmental interventions 5.585Economic interventions 4.280Sub-total for interventions 13.93

Reference Level / Reference Emission Level (RL / REL) 0.59Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV ) 1.06Sub-total for RL/REL and MRV 1.65

Management framework 0.10Benefit sharing models 0.20Safeguard framework 0.20Total: set up of institutional frameworks 0.50

Sub-total 16.08Management and administration cost @10% for 6 yrs 1.61

Grand total, 6 year budget 17.69



007 - inteGrateD cLimate cHanGe aDaPtation anD mitiGation ProGramme in tHe Lake Victoria Basin - ProJect concePt note

Project Title INTEGRATED CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION PROGRAMME IN THE LAKE VICTORIA BASIN( “Enhancing Resilience of Landscapes for Improved Livelihoods & Biodiversity Conservation”)

Sr. No. 007

Implementing Agency

Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat, P.O. Box 1510-40100, Kisumu, KENYA


The overall goal is to contribute to the enhancement of resilience of landscapes and communities in the Lake Victoria Basin to the impacts of climate changeThe project objective is to enhance conservation and improve people’s livelihoods in critical landscapes in the Lake Victoria Basin through ecosystem and community based climate change adaptation and mitigation initiatives.

Relevance to Protocol and Strategic Plan (2011-2016)

Management of ecosystems, natural resources including climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies enhanced

Expected Outputs i) Implementation of regional policy, legislation and institutional approaches to support climate change adaptation and mitigation promoted and coordinated

ii) Loss of biodiversity and ecological footprint in critical ecosystems reduced

iii) Sustainable management and utilization of water resources promoted

iv) Resilience to climate change enhanced through capacity building and promotion of adaptive livelihood options

Key Components i) Promote and coordinate regional policy implementations, legislation and institutional approaches to support climate change adaptation and mitigation

ii) Reduce loss of biodiversity and ecological footprint in critical ecosystems

iii) Promote sustainable management and utilization of water resourcesiv) Enhance resilience to climate change through capacity building and

promotion of adaptive livelihood optionsCurrent Status Detailed project proposal has been developed. Technical and financial

support is required for real implementationDuration 5 YearsEstimated Cost USD 5 million

LVBC SecretariatJune, 2013; KISUMU, KENYA



1.0 introUDUction anD BackGroUnDThe Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the second largest inland freshwater lake in the world. The lake covers a surface area of 68, 870 square kilometers. It is situated between the eastern (Gregory Rift) and the western (Albertine Rift) with 49 % of the lake area being under Tanzania, 45 % in Uganda and 6 % in Kenya. The Lake Victoria Catchment Basin has an area of about 180,950square kilometers. There are 17 major rivers that flow within the catchment whose waters feed in the Lake with the Rivers Mara, Kagera and Sio sharing their drainage between countries. The main watersheds for these rivers include the highlands east of the Albertine Rift and west of the Gregory Rift. The basin has a population of about 40 million people whose livelihoods depend almost entirely upon the natural resources in the catchment. The main economic activities within the basin include agriculture and livestock production, fisheries, wildlife and tourism, forestry, mining and hydropower generation. The Lake Victoria Basin faces a series of threats that include overfishing, destruction of the catchment areas due to poor land use patterns, pollution in the lake, a decline in fish biodiversity, a high population coupled by poverty and a decline in the quality of life, gender inequalities , the HIV / AIDS scourge and also an encroachment on wildlife resources. The proposed programme intends to focus on critical Africa Rift Lake landscapes in the Lake Victoria Basin that are facing key threats that have an impact to conservation and the livelihoods of the communities living there. These include conversion of forest land to agriculture, destruction of forests for fuel wood and charcoal, oil and gas development, river flows modification and water pollution. The key drivers and root causes for these challenges include poverty, political unrest, weak governance, demand by global and regional markets for natural resource products and population pressure. Climate Change Climate change has in itself aggravated the above threats while at the same time impacting critically on all sectors to include environment, energy, water, forestry, agriculture, mining etc. This has in turn had its impact on economic growth and affected the livelihoods of the communities living in the basin. This transboundary programme that will focus on selected landscapes in the Lake Victoria Basin in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.

2.0 ProBLem statementThe Lake Victoria Basin has experienced the effects of climate change. Recent studies indicate a general increase in temperature from the 1960s to the present with the region having recorded 0.5 degrees centigrade warmer than the 1960s (Hecky et al, 1994). In addition the region has suffered severe droughts and floods linked to climate change (UNEP 2004). The drought occurrence in the region has formed a pattern notably 1984, 1987, 1992 and 1999. These droughts have caused significant implications on land use patterns affecting both the environment and the livelihoods of the people living in the basin. This has had adverse effects on agriculture, hydrological, ecological and economic activities in the basin. The manifestations of climate change in the basin are apparent. The unpredictable weather patterns that are exemplified by prolonged droughts and floods have their impacts on the environment and the communities living in the basin. The increased temperatures have increased the rate of evaporation and water loss leading to decline in the water levels of Lake Victoria. Biological diversity that is crucial for ecological stability including regulation of climate, economic development, protection of ecosystems and biodiversity especially plants that have the potential of enhancing climate change mitigation has also been adversely affected. Tropical forest communities to include trees, species and populations that are sensitive to small fluctuations in rainfall patterns more than the mean annual rainfall have been affected leading to decline in species diversity. Forest ecosystems with the Lake Victoria basin landscapes have thus been affected by this phenomenon. Climate change has therefore led to changes in vegetation cover


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013in the basin. The increase in temperature has affected species composition, regeneration and distribution. This has led to loss of biodiversity and also affected crop production leading to occurrence of famine and food insecurity in various regions in the basin. Climate change has caused a decline in fish population resulting in food shortages especially for communities living near the Lake Victoria.

This call for a climate change adaptation programme for communities living near the lake to enable them cope with the phenomena. The change in vegetation and consequentially land cover has had its effects on land use patterns and ecosystems functioning. About 35 % of the population had access to arable land during the period 1990 – 1999(FAOSTAT, 2004) although per capita land holding has been steadily declining in the past three decades to the current average of 0.75 ha. This is expected to fall to 0.35ha in 2025(Swallow et al). In the Mara Catchment, clearing of forests has resulted into deforestation and this has had adverse effects on environmental flows in the basin and a decline in water levels of Lake Victoria. Climate Change has thus had adverse effects on biodiversity and the communities living in these landscapes. There has been evident biodiversity loss, a decline in agricultural production, fish production, loss of livestock, disease epidemics, and human displacement due to floods leading to increased food insecurity, rise in poverty levels and an overall decline in health, productivity and quality of life.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificanceThe above challenges are accelerated by climate change need a coordinated integrated approach that will bring together the different countries in landscapes within the Lake Victoria Basin. This will ensure climate change is mainstreamed in all regional and national policies and programmes towards mitigation and adaptation to climate change. This is in cognizance of the fact that climate change has no borders and the presence of a regional governance body like the East African Community working through the Lake Victoria Basin Commission in partnership with an international conservation body, the World Wide Fund for Nature would help to bring about the much desired policy changes in the region for climate change mitigation and adaptation. An integrated climate change programme for the landscapes in the Lake Victoria Basin would help to conserve both national and transboundary ecosystems and species, management of the ecological footprint and help communities cope with and resilient to the impacts of climate leasing to promotion of sustainable livelihoods in the regions. This would in turn promote sustained economic growth and development in the region. Such a programme would help to promote alternative approaches to climate change adaptation based on reducing the danger of climate change to vulnerable groups. The programme would promote natural resource based approaches for the reduction of vulnerabilities and climate change effects, for example, by generating economic returns to poor communities, sustaining and diversifying their livelihoods while at the same time conserving ecosystems. The programme would also demonstrate how ground livelihood activities can be linked with policy processed to reduce future climate vulnerabilities for the poor. An integrated approach will also identify multi stakeholder participatory processes for selection, implementation and appraisal of adaptation strategies.

The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) clearly indicates the need and importance of adaptation to climate change to ensure food and water security, disaster risk reduction and promotion of sustainable development. Article 4.4 of the Convention calls for actions to assist developing country parties that are vulnerable to adverse effects of climate change in meeting costs of adaptation. An integrated climate change adaptation programme will help to alleviate poverty, promote food security and health, improved livelihoods of the poor, disaster risk reduction and sustainable development. The programme will therefore increase the adaptive capacity of communities, sub -regions, countries and the


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013entire region to cope with climate change through policy interventions, resource mobilization, knowledge transfer and adaptive mechanisms.

4.0 ProGramme DescriPtion The programme will have multiple phases as it seeks to engage in policy re-orientation and development processes that will involve review, formulation followed by subsequent implementation. The programme will initially seek to have a 5 year phase that will be followed by a midterm evaluation to track progress and a second phase to support further implementation of ongoing activities and initiate new activities for the strategies developed. The programme will take an integrated approach that will work with diverse stakeholders to include policy makers targeting government departments, regional bodies; civil society organizations, forest departments and protected area authorities, private sector and learning institutions to achieve its goals. The programme will work with partners to carry out a vulnerability assessment and identify appropriate adaptation and coping mechanisms to include resilience building. Strategies will be put in place for undertaking protection, management and restoration activities in key ecosystems in the landscapes, advocacy initiatives especially for public – private sector partnerships will be undertaken coupled by civil society organizations strengthening through capacity building and support for policy work. The programme will also support development of national adaptation strategies that will lead to allocation of resources by government towards securing ecosystem services in water towers, catchment and forests. This will take cognizance of and build on existing Climate Change regional policies e.g. the EAC/ LVBC Climate Change Policy and Climate change national policies for the countries in the region. The programme will also work towards building on the ongoing Climate Change Research Project being carried out by the LVBC. The progamme will also work closely with the UNFCCC Climate Change Adaptation for Vulnerable Countries. Energy as a key issue in Climate Change will be taken into consideration and the programme will work towards supporting and promoting development of energy efficient technologies. The programme will also work with learning institutions to support research on appropriate climate change technologies. The programme will also ensure integration of indigenous knowledge and practices in advancing adaptation that might support sustainable development locally and regionally. Such an integrated programme will work to promote energy efficiency, agriculture and food security and also water security. The programme will therefore contribute to the adaptive capacity of communities, sub -regions, countries and the entire region to cope with climate change. In its initial 5 year phase, the programme will work with pilot transboundary landscapes in the basin within the 5 countries and will be upscaled to expand to larger areas.

5.0 ProJect DescriPtion5.1 Goal And Objectives And Strategies5.1.1 Programme Goal and PurposeThe aim of the programme is to contribute to the enhancement of Resilience of Landscapes in the Lake Victoria Basin to the Impacts of Climate Change. The purpose of the programme is to improve livelihoods and biodiversity conservation through coordination and implementation of integrated climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in Lake Victoria Basin5.1.2 Programme Overall ObjectiveThe main objective of the programme is to enhance nature conservation and sustain people’s livelihoods in critical landscapes in the Lake Victoria Basin through ecosystem and community based climate change adaptation initiatives over the next five years.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 20135.1.2.1 Specific Objectives

i) To influence policy, legislation and institutional approaches to support climate change adaptation and mitigation

ii) To reduce loss of biodiversity and ecological footprint in critical ecosystems iii) To promote sustainable management and utilization of water resourcesiv) To enhance capacity of stakeholders/ actors and groups to alleviate impacts of climate changev) To promote livelihood options that lessen impacts of climate changevi) To enhance the knowledge base of the stakeholders / actors in the basin on climate change and

adaptationvii) To integrate gender and HIVR&AIDS dimensions in the reduction of climate change impacts

5.2 Strategies5.2.1 Programme Strategies The programme will use the following strategies;

• Undertaking protection, management and restoration activities• Advocacy for public –private sector partnerships• Support for policy work• CSO Strengthening• Development of fuel efficient stoves & energy alternatives for household energy as well as

sustainable fuel wood promotion• Policy interventions• Managing Climate Change Vulnerabilities • Strengthening – capacity building (education, training, awareness creation)• Climate change adaptation• Promoting community based natural resource management

5.2.2 Education for Sustainable Development Strategies The programme will use education for sustainable development implementation strategies to support its successful implementation;

• Consultation and ownership – This will involve working with all stakeholders involved to own the process. The proposal will also be subjected to a stakeholder’s workshop so that their view can be taken into consideration. At the implementation level, there will be contiguous consultation that will take place to support stakeholder understanding and also involvement in the entire process.

• Capacity building and advocacy – This will take place across all activities in the programme to include policy makers, lead agencies, teaching and learning institutions and the communities on the ground.

• Partnerships and networking – Practical partnership mechanisms will be established in to support and strengthen implementation of programme activities among and across stakeholders. Regional networks on climate change will be established.

• Research and innovations – This will be encouraged both in institutions of higher learning and also with the local communities taking cognizance of their indigenous technical knowledge.

• Use of ICT – Information Sharing will take place supported by the Climate Change Unit at LVBC and the proposed Regional Centre of Excellence on Climate Change for the East African Region.

• Monitoring and Evaluation – A monitoring and evaluation framework will be developed using indicators that will help to measure key outcomes and impacts of the programme.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 20135.2.3 Expected Outcomes

• Improved policy, legislation and institutional approaches to climate change• Increased adaptive capacity to address the impacts of climate change• Enhanced capacity on climate change adaptation and mitigation • Reduction of forest habitat conversion to agriculture• Reduction of demand for fuel wood & charcoal from protected areas• Reduction of water pollution from farmland and other effluents• Reduction of illegal poaching, wildlife trade & human wildlife conflicts

5.3 Programme Components5.3.1 Protection, management and restorationThe programme will support the management of critical ecosystems with reference to national, regional and international instruments, striving to building partnerships and also manage transboundary conflicts of natural resources. An ecosystem monitoring plan for critical ecosystems in the Lake Victoria basin will also be developed. Strategies to manage invasive species will also be developed. The programme will also support sustainable land management to include promotion of agro-forestry, capacity building on best practices and payment for ecosystem services (PES).Partnerships will be sought and strengthened to promote co-management of biodiversity in critical ecosystems with possibilities of establishment of national and regional funding mechanisms to offer management support. Under this component the programme will promote the use of sustainable energy efficient technologies and also promote research on the same.

5.2.3 Community, livelihoods and resilience to climate changeThe programme will seek to promote and upscale livelihood interventions that lessen the impacts of climate change. This will include supporting the upscaling of coping strategies to climate change that enhance livelihoods, promoting private-public sector partnerships to support livelihoods options. The programme will also address issues of disease and health to include vector control and disease surveillance mechanisms and support public health infrastructure to respond to climate change driven epidemics.

5.2.4 Institutional, Legal and Policy EnhancementThe programme will seek to influence policy, legislation and institutional approaches to support climate change adaptation and mitigation. This will include activities that will facilitate implementation of National Adaptation Programme of Action for the different countries, support climate change advocacy activities at different levels and also strengthen the capacity of regional and national climate change units.The programme will strive to ensure that climate change is mainstreamed in other sectors.

5.2.5 Capacity BuildingThe programme will work to enhance the capacity of stakeholders/ actors and groups to address the impacts of climate change by supporting the establishment of a Regional Centre of Excellence for Climate Change in the Lake Victoria Basin and also support awareness creation activities on climate change and its impacts. The programme will also work with the education sector to support the mainstreaming of climate change in educational policies and curricula in different levels of learning. The programme will also support the development and implementation of disaster risk reduction strategy for the Lake Victoria Basin, strengthen local level capacities for disaster risk management including indigenous technical knowledge.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 20135.2.6 Cross cutting Issues (Gender, HIV & AIDS)The programme will support mainstream gender and HIV&AIDs dimensions in climate change adaptation and mitigation activities and strategies by supporting the mainstreaming of the same in Climate Change Response Strategies, and promoting the participation of both men and women in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies.

5.2.7 Conservation TargetsInitiatives to conserve habitats for flagship species will be undertaken with a focus on forests, water bodies and wetlands. This will be done by reviewing of conservation strategies in the context of climate change and also support the implementation of the recommendations of the revised strategies. The programme will also promote the establishment of gene banks for the flagship species (elephant, gorilla and rhino) and also facilitate the securing of migratory corridors for wildlife.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 20135.3 Programme ActivitiesIn the implementation of this programme the principle of subsidiarity shall apply (regional, national and local)

Objective 1: To influence policy, legislation and institutional approaches to support climate change adaptation and mitigation

Activities: Sub Activities1.1.1 Facilitate

implementation of National Adaptation Programme of Action / Strategies for Climate Change

1.1.1.1Review status of NAPAS / Strategy Implementation1.1.1.2 Support implementation based on gaps identified above

1.1.2 Support Climate Change Advocacy Activities at different levels(regional, national & local)

1.1.2.1 Develop a Climate Change Advocacy Strategy for the region1.1.2.2 Hold advocacy sessions at all levels

1.1.3 Strengthen capacity of regional and national climate change units (policy capacity)

1.1.3.1 Review capacity of CCUs1.1.3.2 Strengthen capacity based on needs identified1.1.3.3 Support the CC Units to operationalize the EAC Climate Change Policy and Strategic Plan

1.1.4 Support mainstreaming of Climate Change in other sectors

1.1.4.1 Review status of mainstreaming CC in relevant sectors1.1.4.2 Facilitate mainstreaming of CC across sectors

Objective 2: To reduce loss of biodiversity and ecological footprint in critical ecosystems2.1.1 Support management

of critical ecosystems according to national, regional & international instruments

2.1.1.1 Undertake transboundary ecosystem assessment to establish types, distribution of habitats, spp. & processes 2.1.1.2 Review existing management plans 2.1.1.3 Facilitate establishment of institutional frameworks for management of critical ecosystems in the Lake Victoria Basin2.1.1.4 Develop an ecosystem monitoring plan for the critical ecosystems of LVB2.1.1.5 Build partnerships and leverage opportunities for conservation of critical ecosystems2.1.1.6 Transboundary Conflict management of natural resources at all levels2.1.1.7 Prepare and implement strategies for management of invasive species

2.1.2 Support sustainable land management (conservation agriculture, buffer zone agro-forestry etc)

2.1.2.1 Promote agro-forestry /conservation agriculture practices in transboundary ecosystems2.1.2.2 Promote conservation agriculture along transboundary riparian/ riverine communities2.1.2.3 Capacity build on best practices 2.1.2.4 Support efforts to secure sustainable land tenure & management (land ownership and access)2.1.2.5 Promote PES application



2.1.3 Strengthen co- management of biodiversity in critical ecosystems e.g. forest rehabilitation, NRM enterprises

2.1.3.1 Develop contractual agreements for co –management in support of livelihood improvement, and biodiversity conservation2.1.3.2 Capacity build the core institutions engaged in co-management2.1.3.3 Establish a national & regional funding mechanism to support co- management2.1.3.4 Promote PES Interventions2.1.3.4 Promote exchange programmes

2.1.4 Support initiatives to conserve the habitat for the flagship species

2.1.4.1 Review conservation strategies in context of climate change2.1.4.2 Implement recommendations of the revised conservation strategies2.1.4.3 Promote gene banks for the flagship species2.1.4.4 Facilitate the securing of the migratory corridors for wildlife

2.1.5 Support sustainable energy security

2.1.5.1 Promote use of energy efficient technologies2.1.5.2 Promote R & D in energy innovations(studies)2.1.5.3 Advocate incentives for use of energy efficient technologies

Objective 3: To promote sustainable management and utilization of water resources in accordance with IWRM Principles3.1.1 Support the

infrastructure to generate, analyse and disseminate data for effective management of water resources

3.1.1.1. Evaluate status of existing infrastructure for generating, analyzing and dissemination of data for effective management of water resources3.1.1.2 Build the capacity of institutions in undertaking data management3.1.1.3 Harmonize data management procedures

3.1.2 Support local institutions to manage water resources

3.1.2.1 Review strategies for local institutions participation in IWRM3.1.2.2 Facilitate the formalization of existing water associations3.1.2.3 Facilitate institutions to develop contractual agreements3.1.2.4 Develop mechanisms for resource mobilization to support the operations of local institutions3.1.2.5 Capacity build the local institutions (technical, financial, governance)

3.1.3 Support investment in water harvesting and storage capacity

3.1.3.1 Promote innovative water harvesting techniques 3.1.3.2 Development of investment strategies3.1.3.3 Support the implementation of investment strategies

3.1.4 Promote Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources for Improved Livelihoods

3.1.4.1 Support sustainable small & large scale irrigation3.1.4.2 Promote private sector investment in water use3.1.4.3 Promote aquaculture



3.1.5 Support water & sanitation initiatives

3.1.5.1 Facilitate establishment of sanitation facilities in social places3.1.5.2 Facilitate the establishment of water purification plants3.1.5.3 Promote strategies for Domestic & Industrial waste management

Objective 4: To enhance capacity of stakeholders/actors and groups to address the impacts of climate change4.1.1 Support establishment

of a Regional Centre of Excellence for Climate Change in the LVB

4.1.1.1 Support the establishment/ strengthening of landscape networks at different levels to respond to impacts of climate change4.1.1.2 Support training of networks and other actors on climate change adaptation and mitigation measures/ strategies including financial resource mobilisation4.1.1.3 Facilitate implementation of network CC activities4.1.1.4 Support participation in international climate change conferences

4.1.2 Support awareness creation activities on climate change and its impacts

4.1.2.1 Support forums for national CC networks4.1.2.2 Facilitate national and transboundary exchange visits 4.1.2.3 Prepare & disseminate IEC materials on CC

4.1.3 Support mainstreaming of climate change in curricula

4.1.3.1 Facilitate the development of climate change curricula4.1.3.2 Build the capacity of institutions of higher learning to implement CC Curricula4.1.3.3 Facilitate Implementation of CC Curricula in Institutions of Higher Learning

4.1.4. Disaster Risk Reduction & Response Mechanisms

4.1.4.1Support development/ Implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy for the Lake Victoria Basin4.1.4.2 Strengthen local level capacities for Disaster Risk Management including Indigenous Technical Knowledge4.1.4.3 Institutionalize and integrate Disaster Management into NAPA and National Climate Change Strategies

Objective 5: To promote and upscale livelihood interventions that lessen impacts of climate change5.1.1 Support upscaling of

viable coping strategies to climate change that enhance livelihoods

5.1.1.1 Identify CC hotspots and viable copying strategies on climate change5.1.1.2 Facilitate Implementation of Viable strategies5.1.1.3 Support alternative IGAs for livelihood improvement linked to conservation

5.1.2 Promote private-public partnerships to support livelihood options (carbon markets, value addition)

5.1.2.1 Support micro-insurance and micro-financing mechanisms e.g. revolving fund and Financial Services Associations.5.1.2.2 Support carbon compensation schemes (CDMs, PES etc)



5.1.3 Support vector control & disease surveillance mechanisms

5.1.3.1 Support health education and awareness campaigns for vector control5.1.3.2 Facilitate mass eradication of vectors5.1.3.3 Support mass vaccinations / immunizations5.1.3.4 Facilitate establishment of joint cross border disease surveillance response in the LVB.5.1.3.5 Build capacity of the health workforce on public health emergency preparedness5.1.3.6 Support the implementation of the one health principle

5.1.4 Support public health infrastructure in response to climate change driven epidemics

5.1.4.1 Facilitate establishment of emergency response units within health facilities5.1.4.2 Support enforcement of International Health regulations5.1.4.3 Promote communal and personal hygiene

5.1.5 Facilitate integration of Gender and HIV/AIDS dimensions in climate change adaptation and mitigation activities/ strategies

5.1.5.1 Support mainstreaming of Gender and HIV / AIDS in Climate Change Response Strategies5.1.5.2 Facilitate Implementation of CC Response Strategies(5.1.5.3 Promote the participation of both men and women in climate change adaptation and mitigation activities)

Objective 6: To enhance the knowledge base of the stakeholders/actors in the basin on climate change adaptation and mitigation6.1.1 Support development

of a data base/MIS on Climate Change in Lake Victoria Basin

6.1.1.1 Facilitate vulnerability assessment on climate change in selected ecosystems in Lake Victoria Basin 6.1.1.2 Develop research programmes to identify and address climate change issues. 6.1.1.3 Support establishment of networks of research institutions and organizations on climate change6.1.1.4 Facilitate the implementation of the LVB Climate Change Communication Strategy

CONSOLIDATED BUDGET USD 5 Million



008- REGIONAL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT: Supporting Regional Cooperation For Sustainable Development Of Water And Related Resources In The Lake Victoria Basin - PROJECT CONCEPT NOTE

Project Title REGIONAL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROJECT: Supporting Regional Cooperation For Sustainable Development Of Water And Related Resources In The Lake Victoria Basin

Sr. No.008

Implementing Agency



Project Goal: To Enhance the development and management of the LVB water resources in a sustainable manner by addressing water quality challenges through the promotion of the IWRM in the Region

Project Objectives: To address water quality challenges in the Lake Victoria Basin through the IWRM principle.

Introduction and Relevance to the Protocol and LVBC Strategic Plan

The Partner States of the LVB recognize that to address the environmental and natural resources management issues affecting the lake require cooperation across borders. As a result, a Protocol on Sustainable Development of the Lake Victoria basin was signed by the East African Community Partner States (Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda) on November 29, 2003 and ratified in November 2004. The Protocol addresses environmental concerns in and around the lake, and lays down the principle that “partner states shall utilize water resources of the basin in their respective territories in an equitable and reasonable manner”. Under the same Protocol, the Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) was established in July 2005, as a permanent apex institution of the East African Community (EAC), to provide a regional coordination framework for sustainable development of the LVB.

Regional Water Resources Management Project will therefore support Regional Cooperation for Sustainable Development of Water and Related Resources in the Lake Victoria Basin. The project would further address water quality challenges in the Lake Victoria Basin through the IWRM principle.

The project will contribute to the strategic interventions “ Water Resources Development and Management Programme” for natural resources under Section 4.4.3 “ Development of Lake Victoria”



Project Rationale The project will contribute to Programme Area (B) of the LVBC Operational Strategy which focuses on Water Resources Development and Management Programme. Further the Capacity building programme will also contribute to Programme Area (B) which aims at fostering integrated Lake and Basin Management. It’s also in harmony with the mandate of LVBC as provided in Article 5 on equitable and reasonable utilization of water resources.

Specific Objectives

(i) To address the water quality challenges in the Lake Victoria (ii) Promote public awareness and sensitization campaigns on IWRM to

enhance stakeholder awareness and appreciation of Integrated Trans-boundary Water Resources Management

(iii) Build Capacity of Relevant Central and Local Government Agencies in IWRM

(iv) Build Capacity and Contribute Toward the Operations of NGOs and CBOs Relevant to the Lake Victoria Basin Catchment areas

Expected Outputs

a) Improved water quality and livelihood on the selected interventions areas and towns;

b) Public becomes more aware on the IWRM and sensitization campaigns on IWRM to enhance stakeholder awareness and appreciation of Integrated Transboundary Water Resources Management conducted;

c) Capacity built for Relevant Central and Local Government Agencies in IWRM;

d) The Existing Roles of various players enhanced in the implementation of the IWRM; and

e) Knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed by players at all levels to carry out their respective roles in implementation of the IWRM in the Basin developed.



3,600,000 (USD Three Million and Six Hundred Thousands only)




1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnD1.1. Lake Victoria and Sector BackgroundThe water resources of the Lake Victoria Basin include one of the world’s greatest complexes of lakes, wetlands, and rivers. In spite of the vast natural resources, the region is among the poorest in the world with two of the countries being among the five poorest countries in the World. The region is characterized by economies dependent on rain fed agriculture, subsistence farming; low industrialization; poor infrastructure, low levels of education attainment and skilled human resources, gender exclusion, an average life expectancy of 50 and high population growth of 3% per annum. The AIDS scourge, poor and inadequate education infrastructure and human capital flight worsen the situation. Conflicts in the basin have left millions of people displaced and increased food insecurity both of which have resulted in an increased number of undernourished people especially children (rate between 13 - 22%). In some parts of the basin hunger is the main cause of mortality. The population within the LVB region is estimated at 40 million people (HDR 2007). None of the countries in the region has a GDP per capita of more than US$ 600. In terms of human development (HDI), the EAC countries rank amongst the lowest. The region suffers from lack of reliable, up-to-date, poverty statistics. One of the challenges is to remedy the deficiency of data in social economics of the region.

a) Lake Victoria plays a major ecological significance because it supports a wide diversity of flora and fauna. It also plays a major economic role in the riparian countries, including supporting a large fishing industry for export and local consumption, water supply, lake transportation, and hydropower generation.

b) There are four main sources of environmental stresses adversely impacting the LVB ecosystem, as well as the region’s economy and livelihoods. These distinct sources of stresses originate from the lake, littoral zone (near shore), within the basin (upper watershed), and outside the basin. Cumulatively, they cause degradation of the Lake, reduce its resiliency, and contribute to some of the emerging conflicts over resource use.

c) The effect of the above environmental stresses is the severe environmental degradation of the LVB ecosystem. The latter is manifested in five key environmental concerns: deteriorating water quality; fluctuating lake levels; overexploited natural resources; resurgence of the water hyacinth, and climate change. These environmental problems are exarcebated by the growing population pressure in the LVB, which has increased both competition and conflicts over the use of shared transboundary natural resources. In each country, the LVB population density is higher than its national average i.e. Burundi (285 per km2), Kenya (257 per km2), Rwanda (323 per km2), Tanzania (66 per km2), and Uganda (180 per km2). The resulting key environmental concerns and impacts on the economy and livelihoods are summarized below.

d) Increased sedimentation: Land degradation is the main cause of the increased sediment loads into the river basins and Lake Victoria. High population growth, coupled with poverty and unsustainable agricultural practices have increased pressure on land. The small scale farmers have resorted to cultivating in areas with steep slopes, riverbanks, forests, and wetlands. Their activities have contributed to increased soil erosion, decreased nutrient retention in soils and wetlands, and thus increased mineral and biogenic sedimentation in Lake Victoria. Overgrazing has also contributed significantly to soil erosion. The highest erosion risks are fields cultivated with annual crops, and rangelands on bare hills. The estimated economic value of the soil lost due to soil erosion in the LVB is approximately US$10 million per year.

e) Increased pollution and euthrophication: Many rivers and streams draining into Lake Victoria and


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013the near-shore areas are heavily polluted, particularly by: (a) raw and partially treated municipal and industrial effluents; (b) contaminated urban surface runoff; (c) unsanitary conditions of the shoreline settlements; and (d) pollutants carried in eroded sediments, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), synthetic pyrethroids, and organophosphates. These pollutants bring into the lake coliforms of faecal origin; oxygen demanding organic substances; heavy metals, such as chromium, lead and mercury; and pesticide residues. The increased inflow of nutrients, particularly N and P, has resulted in changing the lake chemical and bio-physical characteristics, increased eutrophication, nutrients balance problem, health problems to riparian communities, and proliferation of water hyacinth. There are a number of highly eutrophied “hotspot” areas, such as Winam Gulf (Kenya), Murchison Bay (Uganda), Napoleon Gulf, and Mwanza Gulf (Tanzania).

f) Wetlands destruction: Fringing wetlands and the littoral zones are closely connected to the ecological health of Lake Victoria. Development around the littoral zone of the lake has resulted in the destruction and/or degradation of fringing wetlands that are refugia and sites for fish breeding. Wetlands are also involved in the exchange of nutrients with the lake and act as filters, trapping incoming sediments and pollutants. Extensive wetlands around the lake are destroyed or degraded through conversion to agricultural land, excavation for sand and clay, and use as disposal sites. It is estimated that about 75 percent of Lake Victoria’s wetlands area has been affected significantly by human activity, and about 13 percent is severely damaged.

g) Forest degradation: Caused by encroachment of agriculture and increasing demands of the growing population for fuelwood, charcoal, timber, and construction purposes. Deforestation has been severe over the last few decades, including loss of high altitude forests, riverine forests, and lowland forest/woodlands in national parks and reserves. The loss in permanent vegetation cover has accelerated runoff and increased exposure of soils to sheet and gully erosion.

h) The East African Development Strategy recognizes that Lake Victoria, as an area of common interest, could best be exploited jointly in order to maximize economic and social benefits while at the same time providing for an effective environmental management and protection. Due to its potential of a better economy and improved environmental impact, an enhanced water quality and IWRM principles adherence around Lake Victoria offers one of the best incentives for stimulating economic growth in the region and to contribute to the improvement of the livelihoods and health of communities in the basin, through the reversal of the pollution of the lake through improvements in sustainable watershed management and capacity building on the IWRM principles.

i) To help identify priority environmental issues in the LVB, a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA), financed by the GEF, was undertaken in all five riparian countries, and coalesced into a regional TDA, through a systematic consensus based process. The key issues and related mitigation actions were subsequently prioritized in the regional Strategic Action Program (SAP). The following emerged as the five prioritized transboundary issues: (i) land, wetland, and forest degradation; (ii) weak governance, policy, and institutional framework; (iii) declining fish stocks, and loss of habitats and biodiversity; (iv) increasing pollution and eutrophication; and (v) unsustainable water resources management, declining water levels, and climate change.

1.2. Policy Frameworksa) Economic policies: The EAC water resources are central to the individual country policies on

economic growth, poverty alleviation, and sustainable livelihoods. However, each country has its own development interests. These interests together with the divergent policy directions need to


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013be coordinated if the regions shared water resources are to be managed sustainably. The national development policies of EAC Partner States are centered on maintaining or increasing rates of growth while also addressing poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihoods. Freshwater resources are critical in pursuance of these interests.

b) Country Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs): PRSPs present the macroeconomic, structural and social policies and programs that the countries will pursue over several years to promote broad-based growth and reduce poverty, as well as external financing needs and the associated sources of financing. They aim to provide the crucial link between national public actions, donor support, and the development outcomes required to meet the Millennium Development Goals. PRSPs within the EAC include: the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) for Tanzania; the Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation (ERS) for Kenya; the Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) for Uganda; Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) for Rwanda; and Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (IPRSP) for Burundi. These national strategies emphasize healthy ecosystems, poverty reduction, and sustainable economic growth, and identify degradation of natural resources as a key impediment to attainment of results. The proposed LVBC coordinated Transboundary Water and Sanitation will contribute towards addressing these concerns in the country PRSPs for the next few years.

c) Water Policies: LVBC has recently completed a draft harmonized water policy and the effluent and industrial discharges in the water bodies in the lake Victoria Basin. The draft policies were adopted by the Council of Ministers for LVBC in May 2012. In addition all EAC water policies are in place—either drafted, completed and/or awaiting implementation. Much of this activity stems from the post-1992 era reflecting global policy change and the need for this to be incorporated within new policy approaches. Not surprisingly, many of the policies therefore include reference to IWRM principles and in two countries (Kenya and Tanzania) in particular there are concerted efforts at operationalizing decentralized catchments management. Other countries are behind in implementation but still make strong reference to IWRM principles in policy documents. On the whole, most policies do not refer to transboundary issues in great detail, barring reference to international agreements to which countries are already party. The challenge is how to reflect the new regional cooperation agenda more effectively in future processes of policy development, revision and implementation. Recognizing the need to refine policy content further, different countries suggest the need for further inclusion of issues such as water allocation, new concepts of benefit sharing, rainwater harvesting, the role of the private sector, cost sharing in implementation of projects and water pricing. To support these countries on the IWRM and it is important that LVBC build capacity of different actors in the region in order for them to understand this new paradigm and create awareness among stakeholders in the basin.

2.0 ProBLem statementOver the last decade, it has become evident that the Lake Victoria Basin’s landscapes, ecosystems, and the human population are threatened by both natural and human induced factors and these have made it to be one of top riverine ecosystems in the world currently under considerable threat14. The basin has witnessed accelerated watershed degradation, declining water quality and quantity, land degradation, Lake Victoria level decline, and increasing incidences of absolute poverty. Extensive catchment degradation within the Mau Forest Complex in the Republic of Kenya, accelerating land degradation in 14 WWF (2007) World’s top ten rivers at riskhttp://assets.panda.org/downloads/worldstop10riversatriskfinalmarch13.pdf. (accessed 18 Nov. 2007)


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013the Republics of Burundi and Rwanda, and forest and wetland degradation in the Republic of Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania are evident indicators of the magnitude of problems the Basin is facing. Major sources of these problems are linked to inadequate policy and legislative regimes, inadequate application of scientific knowledge to manage the complex ecosystems, inadequate investments to promote sustainable and diversified livelihood strategies and, inadequate public awareness on the need to engage in sustainable natural resources management.

In additional, the challenges to sustainable water resources management and development in the Lake Victoria Basin are further increased by the lack of adequate technical capacity to plan, implement, and monitor water resources management and development activities. This, coupled with inadequate facilities and equipment, and the persistent financial constraints, has rendered most of the institutions incapacitated to implement their mandates and has resulted in poor service delivery. In addition there has been an increase in algae bloom and water hyacinth which are contributed by the poor water quality in the Lake. the on-going projects such as Lake Victoria Environmental Project lack substantial capacity building plans, training and awareness activities to successfully implement all other components in particular the IWRM..

This programme will assist the EAC Partner States to improve the water quality of the Lake and its river system at the same time build the capacity of the community and institutions on the proper management of the Lake Victoria Basin and hence contribute to the overall social and economic goals, including stimulating long-term interventions aimed at promoting sustainable economic and biodiversity conservation in the basin using a holistic approach.

3.0 ProJect DescriPtion 3.1 Project Goal and Objective

Overall GoalThe overall goal to which the project will contribute to is “Enhance the development and management of the LVB water resources in a sustainable manner by addressing water quality challenges through the promotion of the IWRM in the Region”

Specific Objective(s)The objective of the project is “To address water quality challenges in the Lake Victoria Basin through the IWRM principle.

3.2 Proposed ComponentsThis component will assist lake Victoria Basin Commission and Partner States to reduce the pollution of the river system within the basin as well as the lake through: It will address environmental stresses from the lake basin, through the implementation of non-point sources pollution mitigation and prevention measures. It will address the issues of the non-point sources of pollution (sediment loads, nutrients, and agro-chemicals), by scaling up successful models of watershed management practices and will improve water use efficiency, and generate positive downstream externalities. (a) Identify and implement transboundary watershed and livelihood projects within the LVBs, (b) Develop and Implement pollution control plans for transboundary border towns; and (c) Identify and implement solid waste management plans.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013Capacity Building: This component will contribute towards implementation of the Regional Water Resources Management Program through: (a) Promote public awareness and sensitization campaigns on IWRM to enhance stakeholder awareness and appreciation of Integrated Transboundary Water Resources Management (b) Build Capacity of Relevant Central and Local Government Agencies in IWRM through training and procurement of equipments (c) Build Capacity and Contribute Toward the Operations of NGOs and CBOs Relevant to the Lake Victoria Basin Catchment Areas.

3.3 Description of activities per componentComponent 1: To address the water quality challenges in the Lake Victoria

i) Preparations for the projects ;ii) Watershed projects: identify and implement transboundary watershed management linked to

transboundary alternative livelihood projects;iii) Pollution Control Plans: Procure a consultant to develop and Implement pollution control plans for

transboundary border towns. Priority will be given to towns which have existing pollution control plans; and

iv) Solid Waste Plans: Procure a consultant to identify, develop and implement solid waste management plans; and

v) Conduct feasibility studies and Construct public/institutional latrines

Component 2: Promote public awareness and sensitisation campaigns on IWRM to enhance stakeholder awareness and appreciation of Integrated Transboundary Water Resources Management.

i) Study Tour – Conduct Study tours to two international transboundary water resources management institutions e.g., Orange/Senque Basin in South Africa. The objective of the study tour will be to learn from good management practices elsewhere in the world and explore opportunities for future collaboration with the Lake Victoria Basin Catchment Management Agencies. The Study Tour team would comprise of representatives steering committee members, LVBC, Districts, NBI/NELSAP, NGO representative and other relevant stakeholders;

ii) Public Awareness Campaigns - Carry out targeted awareness campaigns using seminars, workshops, messages and media appropriate to specific target audience e.g. Politicians, Policy and Decision-makers, Managers, Technical staff, NGOs and CBOs, Media, Women and Youth Groups, and Local Communities;

iii) IWRM Awareness in Schools - Introduce and support inclusion of IWRM related topics in primary and secondary schools in the LVB Catchment areas. The LVBC Secretariat could also promote essay, music, drama, and poem competition in primary and secondary schools in the catchment on water related topics as a means of raising awareness on water and general environmental issues in schools. Best performing individual students could be awarded scholarships while best performing schools could be rewarded with computers, funds for construction of improved water storage and sanitation facilities, etc;

iv) Exchange Visits – Promote and facilitate exchange visits between farmers groups, youth groups, environmental groups, women groups, technical exchange visits, politicians and managers, to share experience and learn from best practices. Two exchange visits are planned;

v) Water Fairs/Open Days – Sponsor annual “Water Fairs/Open Days” to show case different activities in the catchment, introduce/market new ideas, products, technologies and services, information


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013dissemination, networking, accountability (show progress), etc.. The Secretariat could consider establishing prizes/rewards for catchment-wide competitions in good farming practices, water conservation techniques, good sanitation and hygiene practices, good fishing practices, and wetland management practices, among others. These could be awarded annually during the Water Fairs/Open Days;

vi) Media Campaigns – Sponsor Radio and TV programs and Newspaper supplements to raise awareness and sensitise local communities on specific water resources related topical issues and practices like household sanitation and hygiene, water purification, control of soil erosion, water permit application, and others; and

vii) Local Community “Barazas” – Promote and facilitate Local community barazas to disseminate information, mobilize communities for planning and implementation of community activities, training in basic skills, e.g., protection against HIV/AIDS, family planning, tree planting, sustainable harvesting of wetland products, sand mining, fishing and harvesting of forest products. Barazas could also be good for conflict resolution and mobilization of community contributions for development activities.

Component 3: Capacity Building Sub- Component 3.1: Build Capacity of Relevant Central and Local Government Agencies in IWRM

i) Short Professional Training Courses – Sponsor officers from relevant central and local government institutions, NGOs and CBOs, and the private sector to undertake short professional training courses to enhance their skills in IWRM and other transboundary water resources management related fields. The LVBC Secretariat could provide collaborate with education and research institutions to design and regularly deliver specific customized short professional training courses through either special technical workshops organised by the LVBC Secretariat or on the premises of the education institution or beneficiary central/local government agency. Examples of such courses include: Project planning and management, Financial Management, IWRM, EIA, Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, International Water Law, Database Management, and Project Planning and Management, among others.

ii) Refresher Courses for Technicians – Sponsor short practical refresher courses (1 – 3 weeks) for technicians, NGOs, CBOs, youth and women groups and other interested local community members. Such courses could include: • Operation and maintenance of simple irrigation field equipment;• Operation and maintenance of hydrological, hydrogeological, water quality and meteorological

monitoring equipment and instrumentation,• Project identification and proposal writing;• Training of hydrological and meteorological observers;• Training of hydrological and meteorological technicians in data collection, quality control and

analysis.iii) On services in the LVB catchment through training, equipping and facilitation of the operations of

extension workers to deliver field practical training to farmers, offer planting, harvesting and post-harvesting storage advise, offer advise on efficient irrigation water use, on-farm water harvesting for supplementary irrigation, soil and water conservation techniques, proper application of fertilizers, planting dates and high yielding plant cultivars/varieties.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013Sub-component 3.2: Build Capacity and Contribute Toward the Operations of NGOs and CBOs Relevant to the LVB Catchment

i) Support Training of Women and Youth Groups – Train and facilitate women and youth groups to carry out community sensitisation on sanitation and hygiene, riverbank protection, catchment afforestation, income generating activities, conduct and facilitate at barazas etc.

ii) Support Field Demonstrations of Good Practices – Facilitate and equip NGOs and CBOs to carry out on-site demonstrations of good farming and water conservation practices in different water resources management related activities. Demonstrations would be conducted for organised farmers groups, youth groups, women groups, and environment groups, WRUAs, WUAs, in the following areas:• Soil and water conservation techniques;• Terracing and contour ploughing;• River-bank protection;• Set-up and maintenance of tree seedling nurseries• Sustainable harvesting of wetland products;• Agro-forestry;• Soil erosion control practices;• Efficient irrigation water use practices;• Aquaculture and fisheries hatcheries.

iii) The approach would be to promote exchange visits between farmers groups, youth groups, environmental groups, women groups, to share experience and learn from each other’s best practices and successful and bad experiences.

Component 4: Project Management and Coordinationi) Conduct monitoring and supervisions;ii) Organise RPSC meetings;iii) Project audits

3.4 Expected OutputsThe main outputs for the Programme are outlined below:

i) Improved water quality and livelihood on the selected interventions areas and towns; ii) Public becomes more aware on the IWRM and sensitisation campaigns on IWRM to enhance

stakeholder awareness and appreciation of Integrated Transboundary Water Resources Management conducted; and

iii) Capacity built at all levels for Relevant Central, Local Government Agencies, NGOs and CBOs ; iv) Project managed and additional activities include field missions, RPSc meetings and various

operational activities conducted. Consultants supervised and output delivered, LVBC field supervision report, annual audit reports, quarterly, and annual progress reports.

3.5 Project AreaThe project will be implemented in suitable locations around the Basin



4.0 monitorinG anD rePortinGSemi annual and annual reports will be prepared and submitted to the Development Partner by the LVBC Secretariat. The project’s progress will be monitored on the basis of a Results Based Framework that emphasizes the results chain and links inputs to activities, to outputs, to project outcomes and project impact. Performance indicators for monitoring the preparation phase are contained in Results Framework Matrix will be developed. The Development Partner will carry out joint technical supervision missions with the EAC. The Development Partners will be invited to participate at the SECOM meetings as well. Supervision from the task teams will ensure smooth running of the project. At the end of the preparation phase, evaluation of project results will be undertaken to by the LVBC Secretariat to prepare groundwork for the implementation phase.


Financing PlanFinancing may be phased in accordance with funds availability and EAC/ LVBC priorities.

Source AmountDevelopment Partners 3,300,000Partner States Contribution 300,000Total 3,600,000

Budget by ComponentThe Total funds requested are USD 3,300,000. Detailed budget is shown in the table below.

Table 1: Budget by Component

Component Description Amount in USD1 To address the water quality challenges in the Lake Victoria 1,200,000

Promote public awareness and sensitisation campaigns on IWRM to enhance stakeholder awareness and appreciation of Integrated Transboundary Water Resources Management.

400,000

2 Build Capacity of Relevant Central and Local Government Agencies in IWRM

1000000

3 Build Capacity and Contribute Toward the Operations of NGOs and CBOs Relevant to the Lake Victoria Basin

400000

4 Project Management and Coordination 300,000

Total 3,300,000



009 - mecHanicaL remoVaL anD manaGement of Water HYacintH in Lake Victoria - ProJect concePt note

Project Title Mechanical Removal and Management of Water Hyacinth in Lake Victoria

Sr. No. 009

Implementing Agency

LVBC Secretariat jointly with the EAC Partner States


Project Goal: To accelerate the socio-economic development and regional integration of the EAC Partner States through facilitation of maritime transport and restoration of the fishery potential of Lake Victoria through effective control of the water hyacinth menace.

Project objectives: To effectively reduce and sustainably manage water hyacinth in Lake Victoria.


The project is designed in the Strategic plan (2011-2016) under D6 that is to enhance management of ecosystems, natural resources including climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies.


Project Rationale:i) This project actualizes the Regional Water Hyacinth Strategy approved by

LVBC Sectoral Council in 2012.

ii) Water hyacinth continues to paralyze maritime transport, lower fishery production and increase disease incidents despite concerted efforts to control it in hot spot areas.

Preparatory Studies:i) EIA study on the mechanical removal of water hyacinth.


i) To mechanically remove water hyacinth from hot spot areas to manageable levels.

ii) To manage remnant populations of water hyacinth through sustainable control programmes.

Expected Results i) Water hyacinth menace reduced to the ecologically and socio-economically acceptable levels (80% of current water hyacinth removed).

ii) Fisheries production activities restored.iii) Sustainable water hyacinth management programmes established.iv) Sustainable projects on water hyacinth utilization established through ppp.

Current Status More than 30,000 ha (2010 survey conducted) of water hyacinth infestation is reported with increasing rate of more than 30% per month. LVBC with national technical teams have prepared specifications of the required water harvester and running costs.

Possible gaps if on-going

Removal is manual and biological. No consistent mechanical harvesting has been attempted. According to water hyacinth study, manual and biological methods cannot solve the water hyacinth problem in lake Victoria; but have helped to maintain the level of water hyacinth. Again biological control method allows the dead water hyacinth to sink and cause more ecological and transportation problems.

Duration Purchase will take 6 months; and removal will take a period of 3 years Estimated Project Cost

USD US$ 14,046,630



1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDWater hyacinth Eichhorniacrassipes (Mart) Solms is a perennial plant native to tropical America. It is able to reproduce rapidly both sexually by seeds and asexually through budding and stolon formation. The seeds can germinate in a few days or remain dormant for up to 15 years (Das 1969). Water hyacinth and other invasive aquatic weeds once established are very difficult to manage and total eradication is often not possible. Water hyacinth under ideal conditions is able to grow up to one metre in height as well as double its biomass in six days in the tropics (Gichuki et al. 2012). It is one of the worst invasive weeds in the world. It has spread to various parts of the world over the years and was first noted in East Africa in the 1930s and in Lake Victoria in 1989 in the Ugandan and Tanzanian sectors and in the Kenyan sector in 1990(Twongo 1991, Mailu et al, 1998; Bwathondi and Mahika, 1994). It is believed that River Kagera still is the source of the water hyacinth entering Lake Victoria. Currently, areas containing large mats of weed are sheltered river mouths and sheltered bays (Gichuki et al., 2012).15

Throughout the tropical regions Water Hyacinth is blocking vast areas of lakes, rivers and canals. In Lake Victoria, it was officially recognized a noxious invasive weed in the late 1980’s. It has been very difficult to stop its spread despite the costs due to infestation and its impact on the economy (fishing and transportation, intakes for irrigation and water supply systems, tourism, government budgeting, uses of aquatic weeds), environment (water availability, siltation, water quality, biodiversity and aquatic life), and social aspects (access to water points and on riparian-based trade, aesthetics of water, diseases, women empowerment).

In Uganda, weed control efforts began in 1993 through manual removal involving the local communities. However, due to rapid weed proliferation, snake bites and weed weight, control efforts stalled. By 1998 weed infestation reached2200 ha of stationery mats and 1800ha of mobile mats (Twongo et al 1995). Biological control method introduced in 1995 had a remarkable impact by 1998 on reducing infestation after the harvester broke down (Twongo and Odongkara, 2000).

In 1995 Tanzania implemented an integrated noxious weed management control that included biological control, manual removal, quarantine regulations as well as control of nutrient influxes into water bodies (Bwathondi and Mahika, 1994). Despite these strategies water hyacinth in Lake Victoria increased from 700 ha in 1989to 2000ha in 1998 (LVEMP, 1999). It is now reported that the greatest successes were from the biological control method using weevils Neochetina (introduced in 1997)and manual removal involving local communities. However the problem still persists due to replenishment from rivers.In Kenya the weed coverage was at 17,200ha by 1998 (Njoka and Kusewa, 2006). Weed control involved biological methods using weevils and mites and a brief stint of mechanical harvesting at peak infestation in 1998 (Njoka and Kusewa, 2006). Manual removal and a weak biological control regime have proved inadequate and unsustainable like in the other two countries. Therefore mechanical removal supported by biological control and sustainable manual removal programmes remain the most viable options. It is also clear that there is need for strong coordination of weed control programs by the lake basin governments.

15 Das R.R. 1969. A study of reproduction in Eichhorniacrassipes(Mart.) Solms.Tropical Ecology, 10, 195-198.



2.0 ProBLem statementWater hyacinth has been a major nuisance in Lake Victoria for several decades now. Since the recognition of water hyacinth as a serious problem in the lake, various management activities have been implemented by the Governments of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda with support from International Partners. Various methods of water hyacinth control have been implemented mainly in Lake Victoria. These control methods include biological, mechanical, manual/physical. By 2005, 80% of water hyacinth was removed by lake Victoria Environment Management Project phase one (LVEMP I); then there was a resurgence accompanied by succession of other aquatic plants by 2007. Proliferation of the weed has become unchecked due to the inability of countries to implement weed control programmes that ensure weed populations are manageable. Funds are inadequate for water hyacinth monitoring and control while well-equipped special units to deal with this weed are lacking. There is also need for regional coordination to spearhead Partner States initiatives.

The main objective of this project is to effectively reduce and sustainably manage water hyacinth in Lake Victoria through structured programmes coordinated regionally for greater impact and ensure that the weed’s proliferation is in control to enable normal functions of the Lake to go on. The project will effectively mitigate against negative impacts caused on the economies, environment and social life within the partner states.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificance Facilitation of transport and increased health of the Lake Victoria is a high priority for EAC. In view of this the 8th Meeting of the Sectoral Council on Transport, Communication and Meteorology directed LVBC to address the issue.To have sustainable solution to water hyacinth in LVB, the Lake Victoria basin water hyacinth surveillance, monitoring and control strategy was developed and approved by LVBC Sectoral Council in 2012. The regional water hyacinth surveillance and control strategy espouses the following:

i) Describes and provides strength, weakness, relative costs and cost effective ratio of the manual, mechanical and Biological control methods;

ii) Provides key national institutions and stakeholders responsible for water hyacinth surveillance and control;

iii) Provides six strategic objectives, expected outcomes and key performance indicators of each strategic objectives; and

iv) Provides regional action plan and estimated costs to be adopted and implemented by all EAC Partner States.

The strategy is emphasizing the use of all three major methods. However due to the rapid growth of water hyacinth, the mechanical removal was selected to be a quick method to address the problem and the remaining two methods will be used to ensure water hyacinth infestation is kept under control (within acceptable limits). While mechanical removal requires an EIA for disposal of removed hyacinth, commercial utilization requires that categorization of hyacinth as a noxious weed is revised to enable investors utilize the harvested plants in the generation of biogas, fertilizer and other products during the removal and the control programme.

Lake Victoria basin water hyacinth surveillance, monitoring and control strategy will be operationalized by establishment of a permanent regional department/committee resident at the EAC or LVBC with operational structures to coordinate the weed control programs that will be set up by the lake basin governments.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013While limited success has been achieved in applying biological control methods, weaknesses faced can be addressed through training and material support to communities, including riparian school fraternity, on the rearing techniques of the biological agents to ensure greater applicability and sustainability. Material support to communities can be used for manual programmes of water hyacinth removal. A multi-faceted approach requires that drivers of hyacinth such as nutrient loading be addressed. This project proposes that each partner state ensures that effluent released into the lake and other water bodies meets the requirements of the harmonized standards. Sensitization of communities upstream on proper land use practices will help reduce the amount of nutrients reaching the Lake. Information on levels of infestation is difficult to obtain. Setting up of a regional monitoring center well equipped with GIS and other relevant machines and experts at the LVBC or EAC will serve these functions.This project therefore requests support to enable the LVBC Secretariat to coordinate removal strategies and management control mechanisms as proposed. The EAC Partner States will contribute to the running costs of the project and community participation.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion 4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveTo accelerate the socio-economic development and regional integration of the EAC Partner States through facilitation of maritime transport and restoration of the fishery potential of the Lake Victoria through effective control of the water hyacinth menace.The specific objectives are to:

i) Mechanically remove water hyacinth from hot spot areas to manageable levels.ii) Manage remnant populations of water hyacinth through sustainable control programmes.

4.2 Description of activities per objectiveObjective 1: To mechanically remove water hyacinth from hot spot areas to manageable levels.

i) Conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the mechanical removal and management of the water hyacinth.

ii) Procuring efficient machines for the removal of water hyacinth from Lake Victoria and infested rivers.

iii) Procure/ train personnel that will handle the machines.iv) Identify the sites of operation which are existing water hyacinth hot spots. (Selected river mouths

and sheltered bays).v) Removal of the water hyacinth mechanically. vi) Maintenance of the machines consisting of the removal unit.

Objective 2: To manage remnant populations of water hyacinth through sustainable control programmes.

i) Revising the noxious weed regulations and creating an enabling environment for Identified investors to utilize the harvested plants in the generation of biogas, fertilizer and other products in the control programme.

ii) Establishment of a permanent regional department/committee resident at the EAC or LVBC with operational structures to coordinate national weed control programs.

iii) Setting up of a regional monitoring center well equipped with GIS and other relevant machines as well as experts at the LVBC or EAC

iv) Development and adoption of regional guidelines for the production, release and management of the biological agents


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013v) Training of communities on the rearing techniquesvi) Setting up and equipping rearing units to ensure a viable and effective weevil population in the

lake. In addition each country to maintain a central rearing unit that will provide the initial stock to the communities

vii) Empowering the communities living by/ or using the it to various to manually remove the hyacinth in their locality through provision of hand tools (forked hoes, machetes, spades/ shovels and wheel barrows), protective gears and other incentives.

viii) Partner state interventions to ensure that effluent released into the lake and other water bodies meets the requirements of the regional harmonized standards.

ix) Sensitization of communities upstream on proper land use practices so as to reduce the amount of nutrients reaching the Lake.

4.3 Expected Outputsi) Reduction of water hyacinth infestation to manageable levels.ii) A sustainable water hyacinth management regime regionally.iii) Improved economies, environment and social life of communities within the partner states.

4.4 Project AreaThe main project area is Lake Victoria. The project will be implemented from the major ports and bays in each of the three East African countries. The criteria for selection of pilot clusters will include:

• Coverage of the hyacinth• Accessibility

4.5 Project implementation ApproachThe project will be implemented in the entire Lake Victoria and rivers focusing on areas infested by water hyacinth. LVBC will coordinate (establishment of institutional frameworks, capacity building, implementation processes). Implementation will involve relevant government departments, LVBC, private sector, existing local communities and other stakeholders. Government agencies and other stakeholders will provide technical support and also oversee implementation to ensure further sustainability of project.

5.0 monitorinG anD eVaLUationMonitoring and Evaluation (M&E) will form an integral part of the project planning and implementation process. The process will adopt the following approach;

i) Carry out at least one quarterly monitoring and evaluation exercise at the cluster levelsii) Carry out at least two monitoring and evaluation exercises per year at the national leveliii) Prepare monitoring and evaluation reports

A mid-term evaluation will be undertaken after 2½ years of project implementation. The midterm evaluation will determine and provide information on whether the project in on course to achieve planned activities and set targets. An M&E will be conducted at the end of five years. It will also determine the extent to which the project outcomes will have been achieved. The project will undertake a situation analysis that will provide baseline information for future evaluations.



6.0 estimateD ProJect BUDGetThe projects could commence immediately financing is available.

The cost for one unit of machine plus accessories and running costs for one year is US$ 1,649,108. The project has budgeted for 2 harvesters for each of the four countries to remove water hyacinth to acceptable levels within three years for each country. Total cost in the 1st year for each removal unit’s operational personnel is estimated at US$ 206,340 (source: Revised Estimates of Technical Meeting report LVEMP II Kenya 18th January, 2013).


Objective 1: To Mechanically remove water hyacinth from hot spot areas to manageable levels.

Conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the mechanical removal of water hyacinth

100,000

Procuring efficient 8 units of machines for the removal of water hyacinth

920,000

Procuring/ training and enumeration of personnel to handle the machines and staff enumeration

515,340

Operations and maintenance of the machines (water hyacinth removal)

2,187,324

Identifying the sites of operation which will mainly include the river mouth and sheltered bays

N/A




Objective2: To manage remnant populations of water hyacinth through sustainable control programmes.

Revising the noxious weed regulations and creating an enabling environment for Identified investors to utilize the harvested plants in the generation of biogas, fertilizer and other products in the control programme.

340,000

Establishment of a permanent regional department/committee resident at the EAC or LVBC with operational structures to coordinate national weed control programs.

200,000

Setting up of a regional monitoring center well equipped with GIS and other relevant machines as well as experts at the LVBC or EAC

250,000

Development and adoption of regional guidelines for the production, release and management of the biological agents

50,000

Training of communities on the rearing techniques

200,000

Setting up and equipping rearing units to ensure a viable and effective weevil population in the lake. In addition each country to maintain a central rearing unit that will provide the initial stock to the communities

6,507,000

Empowering the communities living by/ or using the it to various to manually remove the hyacinth in their locality through provision of hand tools (forked hoes, machetes, spades/ shovels and wheel barrows), protective gears and other incentives.

1,000,000

Partner state interventions to ensure that effluent released into the lake and other water bodies meets the requirements of the regional harmonized standards.

100,000

Sensitization of communities upstream on proper land use practices so as to reduce the amount of nutrients reaching the Lake.

400,000

Sub-total 12,769,664Project Coordination and M&E (10%)

1,276,966

GRAND TOTAL (USD) 14,046,630



7.0 DetaiLeD BUDGetThe following are the detailed costing of one removal unit:a) Purchase of one Machine and accessories (US$ 1,506,024);

Machinery No. A p p r o x i m a t e price (USD)

Total cost(USD)

Remarks

Aquatic weed harvester 1 50,000 50,000Service boat 1 4,500 4,500Push boat 1 7,000 7,000 To be used to push

weeds from areas that the harvester cannot reach

Off-shore loader (excavator or any other agreed type)

1 30,000 30,000

Tracks (lorry) 10 tonnes 2 10,000 20,000Off road vehicle 1 3,500 3,500Total 105,000 115,000Grand Total (4 countries) 920,000

b) Personnel requirement and corresponding monthly and annual salary bill for the Water hyacinth management Removal Unit (WHMRU)Projected details for personnel required and the monthly and annual salary (US$=141,780) bill requirements are indicated in the table below.

Personnel No. Monthly remuneration per person (USD)*

Monthly pay per discipline(USD)

Remarks

Engineer 1 1700 1,700 This will be an experienced marine Engineer who will oversee the overall operations of the unit

Coxswain 2 880 1,760 These will be experienced coxswains to man the aquatic weed harvester, the service boat and the push boat.

Assistant Coxswain

2 740 1,480 These will be assistants to the 3 coxswains above

Technician 2 1130 2260 These will be in charge of maintenance of the marine machinery (harvester, push boat and service boat)

Administrative Assistant

1 365 365 To handle administrative and personnel issues in the unit.

Secretary 1 290 290 This is the secretary to the engineer in charge.



Clerks 2 290 580 The clerks will be responsible for record keeping of resources utilized and units of hyacinth harvested.

Support staff 2 190 380 Maintenance of office cleanliness.

Drivers 2 250 500 Drivers for 3 lorries, 1 service car.

Plant operators 2 290 380 Plant operator for the offshore loader.

Total monthly remuneration 9,695Annual remuneration USD 116,340

Three year enumeration =3 x116,340= USD 349,020c) Projected operation and maintenance costs for the UnitOperation and maintenance costs for the unit will include office operation expenses, fuel and lubricant costs for machinery, and servicing of the machinery, trucks and vehicles. The operation and maintenance costs for a period of 1 year for each unit are estimated at US$ 729,108.

The breakdown is as indicated in the table below. Machinery Daily 8

hour fuel requirement (liters)

Monthly fuel requirement

Total Monthly cost

Monthly service and maintenance cost @ 1% of purchase price

Remarks Total monthly cost

Aquatic weed harvester

500 10,000 13690 9524 Service and maintenance has been computed at 20% of the purchase price per year

Service boat

40 800 1,143 893

Push boat 400 8,000 10,952 1,429Off-shore loader-excavator

200 4,000 5476 5,952

Tracks (lorry) 10 tones

100 2,000 2,738 5,952

Off road vehicle

40 800 1,095 714

Total 35,095 24,464 59,559Office operation expenses 1,200 1,200Monthly O&M totalOne year O&M costs USD729,108

Three year O&M costs = 729,108 x 3 = USD2,187,324



010 - kisat riVer catcHment restoration - ProJect concePt note

Project Title KISAT RIVER CATCHMENT RESTORATION PROJECT (KRCRP)

Sr. No010

Implementing Agency Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat jointly with the Government of Kenya and the Private Sector

Goal and overall Objective of the project

Project goal: To improve water quality in Lake Victoria by rehabilitating urban rivers for improved environmental and human health.

Project objective: To rehabilitate, restore and sustainably manage the Kisat River Basin in order to provide improved livelihoods and enhance environmental quality.

Introduction and relevance to the Protocol and LVBC Strategic Plan 2011-2016

Point and non-point source pollution is a major environmental problem affecting water quality and quantity in the Lake Victoria Basin. Kisat River is an urban river that receives industrial and municipal effluent, as well as solid wastes from informal settlements. The Pollutant-laden water from Kisat River is discharged into Lake Victoria’s Winam Gulf and has contributed greatly to the eutrophication of the lake water, resulting into proliferation of aquatic weeds and depletion of dissolved oxygen in the lake waters. This has contributed into clogging of water supply intakes for Kisumu city, undesirable taste and odor to the lake water and hindrance to lake transportation.

The project addresses key result area six of the LVBC Strategic Plan 2011 – 2016: To enhance management of ecosystems, natural resources including climate change adaptation and mitigation strategiesby facilitating the implementation of measures to improve environmental health of the LVB ecosystem.


i) Lake Victoria South Water Services Board (2012) LVSWSB strategic plan 2012-2017

ii) Kisat River Restoration Working Group (2010) Kisat River Catchment Restoration Initiative; Draft Baseline Water Pollution Survey Report. Water Resources Management Authority; Lake Victoria South Catchment

iii) Department of Physical Planning (2005) Obunga Local Physical development Plan 2006-2011. Ministry of Lands

iv) UN Habitat, Kenya Republic of, Practical Action, Kisumu Municipal Council(2010)Ten Year Integrated Solid Waste Management Strategy for Municipal Council Of Kisumu.2010-2011

v) UN Habitat (2004) Situation Analysis of Informal Settlements in Kisumu .Cities Without Slums. Sub-Regional Programme For Eastern and Southern Africa. Kenya Slum Upgrading Programme



Specific Objectives i) To rehabilitate the degraded areas within the Kisat river catchmentii) To develop and implement an integrated solid waste management

system within the catchmentiii) To reduce municipal and industrial effluent discharges into river

Kisativ) To establish and maintain environmental flows for the Kisat riverv) To develop and implement a Master Plan for economic utilization

of riparian zoneExpected Results i) Reduced pollution load discharge into Lake Victoria

ii) Improved solid and liquid waste management, sanitation facilities and therefore water quality

iii) Well conserved riparian areas with rehabilitated riverbanks providing increase potential for recreation and sustainable economic activities

iv) Improved access to clean fresh water for industrial and domestic use for residents of Kisumu City

v) Enhanced public awareness on the environment

Current Status Project Proposal being developed based on previous studiesPossible gaps if on going

Not applicable - the project has not started yet

Project Duration Five (5) yearsEstimated Project Cost USD 3.2 Million

1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDLake Victoria’s unique socio-economic, scientific and environmental importance to the East African Community and the global community at large cannot be overemphasized. Its designation as an ‘Economic Growth Zone’ recognizes the huge investment and development opportunities from sustainable utilization of its natural resources. The Lake is the largest inland water fishing sanctuary in the region with a total harvestable fish biomass of between 700,000MT – 1,000,000mt (Mkumbo et al., 2005) and the fishery industry alone directly employs over 2 million people. The lake is also an important trade conduit between the EAC countries providing a cheaper routing for inter-state trade and tourism using existing port like Kisumu. The Lake remains the most reliable source of drinking water for the human population living in rural areas, and most major cities and towns around the Lake. The commercial and industrial sector in and around the lake also draw their water from the Lake. The Lake Victoria Basin, however, has a number of point and non-point sources of pollution that are major environmental problems affecting water quality and quantity. Land use changes caused by rapid urbanization, industrial development and poor land management strategies, have emerged as major stressors of streams and rivers, which together with Lake Victoria, serve as major sources of fresh water and livelihood to the riparian communities. In urban setups stream and river ecosystems are not protected by buffer zones, which would allow for absorption of run-off from human activity. This is exacerbated by the fact that most industries and malfunctioning sewerage facilities discharge directly into the streams and rivers which act as conduits for delivery of the waste into Lake Victoria.

Consequently pollution has led to sedimentation and eutrophication that in turn affects domestic and


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013industrial water supply. In view of this, the Lake Victoria Basin Commission, proposes to identify these urban streams and rivers within the basin that significantly affect water quality within the lake and using a public private partnership (PPP) approach, carry out rehabilitation and restoration interventions in the catchments with a view to improve the quantity and quality of water discharged into Lake Victoria. One such river is the Kisat River, located within the Kisumu City.

Kisat is a short river of about 4km, wholly within Kisumu City. It has its source in the wetlands around Mamboleo showground and the rapidly developing residential areas in that neighbourhood. It then flows through the unplanned settlements of Obunga, Kasarani, Kotur, Pundo, Kamakowa and Bandani. The last stretch of the river flows through the industrial area along Sabuni Road before it crosses the golf course and enters the Lake Victoria. River Kisat is the effluent receiving water body for Kisumu Water & Sewerage Company’s conventional effluent treatment plant.

2.0 ProBLem statementRapid urbanization and population growth which has not been concomitant with the expansion of Kisumu City’s physical and social infrastructure has resulted in the deterioration of the City’s environmental health. Inappropriate/inadequate waste management systems and technology, low levels of environmental awareness, catchment degradation and inadequate capacities have resulted into environmental decay of a once beautiful city. The River Kisat has its source at the mamboleo wetland, however, a huge chunk of the wetland has been drained and the land use converted to cultivation, grazing and settlement. This has led to drying up of the once vast wetland, leaving the river trickling from source.

The middle reach of River Kisat passes through an area with small farms using chemical fertilizers, passes through a densely populated slum, Obunga Slum, which lacks sanitation facilities and streams of sewage and other liquid waste enter the river at different points. The river then flows through the Kisumu industrial area where it receives untreated industrial effluent and finally in its lower part receives poorly treated sewage from the City sewerage treatment plant. The severe pollution of Kisat River is physically indicated by odour, black colour and high turbidity in most parts of its length, rendering the river water unsuitable for all kinds of intended uses. Pollution of the Kisat River has caused serious environmental problems with serious economic implications including loss of livelihoods for riparian communities, spread of water borne diseases, loss of biodiversity, reduced availability and access to safe potable water and the insidious effects of toxic substances and heavy metals poisoning which affect human productivity. Since this river flows into Lake Victoria all these effects are transferred into the lake and spread out to a wider population than that within the riparian zone of the river.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificance The Kisat River is currently overwhelmed by multiple solid and liquid waste discharges and effluents right from its source to its mouth. A water quality assessment and discharge measurement was taken in April, 2011, by the Water Resources Management Authority (WRMA). The results from the sampling station at the mouth of the River were found to have in COD 900 Kg/dry; TSS of 90; TDS of 1,150; and BOD of 350. Another study by the Kenya Marine and Fisheries research Institute (KEMFRI) on water and surface sediments from River Kisat found elevated levels of Pb, Mn, Cu and Zn. The levels of Mn are above the maximum limits acceptable by WHO standards for drinking water. Enrichment of Cd (2.12 µg/g) and Pb (1.49 µg/g) was found in the river sediments taken at the mouth of River Kisat.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013This river is therefore, one of the main pollution conduits discharging pollutant-laden water into Lake Victoria’s Winam Gulf as a result of the human activities in the Lake’s Catchment. This has contributed to the eutrophication of the lake water, resulting into proliferation of aquatic weeds like water hyacinth and algal bloom including the poisonous blue-green algae. Discharge of pollution water of high organic matter also causes reduction in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the receiving water. In October 2010 Monitoring done by the Water Resources Management Authority (WRMA) indicated that DO at Kisat River mouth was 3.15 mg/l at 0.5m depth; 2.69mg/l at 1.0m and 0.18mg/l at 1.2m, an indication of the presence of oxygen consuming matter in the water.

Proliferation of aquatic weeds impedes water transport and therefore all other socio economic activities that depend on it including fishing and trade. It also results in clogging of water supply intakes and pumps leading to increased cost of treatment for drinking water purposes and chlorination of water that is rich in dissolved organic matter results in the formation of trihalomethanes that are suspected to be carcinogens. Algal blooms are not only sources of toxins but also impart undesirable taste and odour to the lake water. There is need therefore, for restoration, protection and conservation of the Kisat River to boost the river’s waste assimilation capacity, provide water for domestic and industrial use, maintain reserve flow for environment and human health and ultimately reduce pollutants entering Lake Victoria.

Several Initiatives focusing on one or two problems and/or area, have been carried out to try and address these problems but with limited success. Recognizing the complexity and diversity of the pollution problem and other challenges of Kisat River, a comprehensive, integrated and sustainable approach is required, that will be carried out along the full length of the river and involve all relevant stakeholders; and hence the Kisat River Catchment Restoration Project.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion 4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveProject goal: To improve water quality in Lake Victoria by rehabilitating urban rivers for improved environmental and human health.

Project objective: To rehabilitate, restore and sustainably manage the Kisat River Basin in order to provide improved livelihoods and enhance environmental quality.The specific objectives are to:

i) Rehabilitate the degraded areas within the Kisat river catchmentii) Develop and implement an integrated solid waste management system within the catchmentiii) Reduce municipal and industrial effluent discharges into river Kisativ) Establish and maintain environmental flows for the Kisat riverv) Develop and implement a Master Plan for economic utilization of riparian zone

4.2 Description of activities per objectiveThe Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat has brought together all relevant stakeholders to design and implement a program that will result in the restoration, sustainable protection and conservation of the Kisat River Catchment and therefore the improved water quality of Lake Victoria. The stakeholders discussed and agreed to carry out the activities below to achieve their common goal.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013Objective 1: To rehabilitate the degraded areas within the Kisat river catchment.Under this objectives interventions aimed at reversing river bank degradation and protecting the river bank will be implemented. They will include:

i) Survey and delineate Kisat River watershed, mapping industries and pollution hot spots within the watershed;

ii) Selection of a suitable demonstration site and demonstrate pilot interventions to rehabilitate and restore the selected site;

iii) Build the capacity and create increased awareness among stakeholders and implementing partners including Government, private sector and communities;

iv) Identification and preparation of details for appropriate interventions to rehabilitate watershed and reduce pollution in river Kisat;

v) Implementation of selected interventions across the full length of river Kisat to rehabilitate, restore and reduce pollution in the watershed

Objective 2: To develop and implement an integrated solid waste management system within the catchment.Activities under this objective will focus on providing an all round solution to the challenges of solid waste management in the watershed. They will include:

i) Design and develop an integrated solid waste management plan for the informal settlements and industries within the Kisat river catchment.

ii) Create awareness and build the capacity of stakeholders to implement the Integrated solid waste management plan

iii) Implement identified intervention aimed at reducing solid waste already in the environment and managing waste generated going forward.

Objective 3: To reduce municipal and industrial effluent discharges into river KisatTwo approaches will be used to achieve this objective; the first will involve working with the private sector to encourage adoption of cleaner production technologies; while the second will involve reducing municipal and liquid waste from settlements and improving sanitation facilities.

Cleaner production activities will includei) Classifying and Categorizing industries and business enterprises found within the watershed;ii) Developing reference manuals for the categorized industries and business enterprises;iii) Sampling the effluent from the discharge points of these industries and business enterprises for

analysis;iv) Develop benchmarks and set targets for these industries and business enterprises;v) Training of the regulators, CBOs, NGOs, water services providers, informal business, individuals

and other service providers on CP;vi) Undertake in-plant assessments to identify opportunities for cleaner production;vii) Generate technological and non-technological CP interventions;viii) Develop implementation and investment plans for identified CP interventions;ix) Encourage implementation of these plans

Municipal waste, liquid waste and improved sanitation will be achieved by carrying out the following activities

i) Construction of a trunk sewer in the riparian zoneii) Construction of storm drain channels


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013iii) Construction and management of environmentally friendly ablution blocksiv) Construction of fish washing slabs and waste water disposal facilities at the fish frying sites in the

water shedObjective 4: To establish and maintain environmental flows for the Kisat riverEnvironmental Flow Assessments (EFAs) are the global standard for determining the amount of water required to sustain aquatic ecosystems and satisfy basic human needs. The Water Act 2002 stipulates that the Water Resources Management Authority (WRMA) is obligated to establish Reserve flows for each river system in order to guarantee sufficient flows at all times to meet basic human water needs and protect ecosystems for their critical goods and services, which underpin sustainable development. This objective aims to meet these requirements by carrying out the following activities:

i) Carry out an environmental flow assessment for the Kisat River;ii) Implement interventions to increase water flows to recommended levels through wetland

rehabilitation at the headland, sustainable land management practices; and other land use measures.

iii) Provide access to safe water for domestic use to riparian communities

Objective 5: To develop and implement a Catchment Management Plan for the CatchmentThe linkages between environmental and economic issues have long been established. It is therefore prudent to design environmental programs that take into consideration the social and economic circumstances in which they operate. In view of this, this objective will carry out activities to support economic empowerment of the riparian communities and will include:

i) Designing and developing a management plan for the catchment that will include management of the riparian and creation of income generating opportunities;

ii) Support vulnerable groups within the riparian community to set up small scale businesses including but not limited to recreation facilities, tree nurseries, solid waste recycling/ collection; management of ablution blocks and water kiosks.

iii) Strengthen the capacity of local level institutions including the Water resources Users association (WRUA) and Residents Association

iv) Design and set up a fund to support sustainability of the project outcomes

4.3 Expected OutputsAt the end of the project period, it is expected that the following outputs will have been achieved.

i) Reduced pollution load discharge into Lake Victoriaii) Improved solid and liquid waste management, sanitation facilities and therefore water qualityiii) Well conserved riparian areas with rehabilitated riverbanks providing increase potential for

recreation and sustainable economic activitiesiv) Improved access to clean fresh water for industrial and domestic use for residents of Kisumu Cityv) Enhanced public awareness on the environment

4.4 Project AreaThe project will be implemented in the River Kisat Watershed, in Kisumu, Kenya. It will endeavour to provide livelihood options to vulnerable groups including women, youth, and people living with disabilities.

4.5 Project designThe Kisat River Catchment Restoration Project (KRCP) will be implemented in two phases:


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013Phase one will cover survey and delineation of the riparian zone of the river and mapping of industries and pollution hot spots. During this phase a solid waste management system will be designed and a catchment management plan developed. Also identified in this phase will be appropriate interventions to be undertaken to rehabilitate degraded parts of the watershed, a rehabilitation of a selected demonstration site and stakeholder capacity building and awareness. To initiate the cleaner production activities for industries, a classification exercise will be carried out and samples of effluent will be taken and analysed from discharge points to provide a baseline situation. Together with the industries and business enterprises benchmarks and targets will be set for their journey to cleaner production. Phase one will carry out a study to determine environmental flows for Kisat River

Phase two of the project will focus mainly on implementation of rehabilitation and restoration interventions along the full length of the river; interventions aimed at management of solid waste, catchment management and economic empowerment interventions. Industries will continue with their Cleaner production program with in-plant assessment, generation of CP interventions, development and implementation of an implementation and investment plan for each industry. In Phase two interventions will be put in place to reduce municipal waste and liquid waste from informal settlements. Effort will also be made to provide safe water for domestic use and improved sanitation within these settlements.

4.6 Project implementation ApproachThe rehabilitation and restoration of the Kisat river catchment requires an integrated multi-sectoral approach to ensure sustainable solutions are put in place. LVBC has brought together multiple stakeholders from the Government, Civil society, Private Sector, development partners and communities to work jointly towards achieving the desired end results. The Secretariat will use a private - public partnership approach to implement some aspects of this project. To ensure sustainability of the outcomes, the project will promote an “adopt a meter” concept to encourage private sector and community groups to commit themselves to the long term management of stretches of the river’s riparian zone. A reward scheme will also be put in place to motivate continued participation. Stakeholders have also proposed the establishment of a fund that will be used to maintain infrastructure already in place and be a revolving fund for local groups to use for income generating activities that will reduce pressure on the riparian zone.

5.0 monitorinG anD eVaLUationMonitoring and Evaluation (M&E) for the project will be through a participatory approach. An M&E framework will be developed together with the full project document and will be fitted into the larger LVBC framework. LVBC will coordinate the tracking of day-to-day progress in implementation of planned activities and achievement of desired outputs. A baseline will be generated at the start of the project period and used a benchmark to assess progress. Mid-term review and end term evaluation will also be inbuilt into the project design.




Project Objectives

Key activities Total budget (US$)

Objective 1: To rehabilitate the degraded areas within the Kisat river catchment.

i) Survey and delineate Kisat River watershed, mapping industries and pollution hot spots within the watershed;

125,000

ii) Selection of a suitable demonstration site and demonstrate pilot interventions to rehabilitate and restore the selected site;

50,000

iii) Build the capacity and create increased awareness among stakeholders and implementing partners including Government, private sector and communities;

43,750

iv) Identification and preparation of details for appropriate interventions to rehabilitate watershed and reduce pollution in river Kisat;

10,000

v) Implementation of selected interventions across the full length of river Kisat to rehabilitate, restore and reduce pollution in the watershed

200,000

Sub-Totals 428,750Objective 2: To develop and implement an integrated solid waste management plan within the catchment.

vi) Design and develop an integrated solid waste management plan for the informal settlements and industries within the Kisat river catchment.

60,000

vii) Create awareness and build the capacity of stakeholders to implement the Integrated solid waste management plan

5,000

viii) Implement identified intervention aimed at reducing solid waste already in the environment and managing waste generated going forward.

308,750

Sub-total 373,750Objective 3: To reduce municipal and industrial effluent discharges into river Kisat:

Cleaner production activities

ix) Classifying and Categorising industries and business enterprises found within the watershed; Developing reference manuals for the categorized industries and business enterprises;

55,000

x) Sampling the effluent from the discharge points of these industries and business enterprises for analysis; Develop benchmarks and set targets for these industries and business enterprises;

82,500

xi) Training of the regulators, CBOs, NGOs, water services providers, informal business, individuals and other service providers on CP;

50,000

xii) Undertake in-plant assessments to identify opportunities for cleaner production;

415,000

xiii) Generate technological and non-technological CP interventions; Develop implementation and investment plans for identified CP interventions; Encourage implementation of these plans

20,000



Sub total 622,500Objective 3:

Municipal waste, liquid waste and improved sanitation will be achieved by carrying out the following activities

xiv) Construction of a trunk sewer in the riparian zone 62,500

xv) Construction of storm drain channels 31,250

xvi) Construction and management of environmentally friendly ablution blocks

65,000

xvii) Construction of fish washing slabs and waste water disposal facilities at the fish frying sites in the water shed

18,750

xviii) Water Quality monitoring and enforcement of standards 65,000Sub - total 242,500Objective 4: To establish and maintain environmental flows for the Kisat river

xix) Carry out an environmental flow assessment for the Kisat River;

120,000

xx) Implement interventions to increase water flows to recommended levels through wetland rehabilitation at the headland, sustainable land management practices; and other land use measures.

125,000

xxi) Provide access to safe water for domestic use to riparian communities

100,000

Sub-total 345,000Objective 5: To develop and implement a Master Plan for economic utilization of riparian zone

xxii) Designing and developing a management plan for the catchment that will include management of the riparian and creation of income generating opportunities;

37,500

xxiii) Support vulnerable groups within the riparian community to set up small scale businesses including but not limited to recreation facilities, tree nurseries, solid waste recycling/ collection; management of ablution blocks and water kiosks.

25,000

xxiv) Strengthen the capacity of local level institutions including the Water resources Users association (WRUA) and Residents Association – (training, equipment)

150,000

xxv) Design and set up a fund to support sustainability of the project outcomes

125,000

Sub-total 337,500

Project Coordination /management, communication, Monitoring and evaluation

Communication and publicity 100,000Coordination and operational expenses 156,000Project management 414,000Monitoring and Evaluation 125,000

Sub-Total 795,000GRAND TOTAL 3,145,000



011 - PromotinG natUraL resoUrces manaGement in kiBira – nYUnGWe trans-BoUnDarY ecosYstems - ProJect concePt note

Project Title Promoting Natural Resources Management In Kibira – Nyungwe Trans-boundary Ecosystems

Sr. No. 011

Institution LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONGoal and Objectives

To promote participatory, sustainable management, use and conservation of natural resources in order to contribution to poverty eradication, stability and peace in the region.

Introduction and relevancy to the Protocol and LVBC Strategic Plan

The Project conforms to Article 6 of the Protocol for sustainable development of LVB that aims at ensuring that the Partner States take all appropriate measures, individually to protect, conserve and where necessary rehabilitate the Basin and its ecosystems.Furthermore it shall contribute to the developmental objective D6 in the LVBC Strategic Plan (2011 – 2016) which aims at enhancing management of ecosystems and natural resources in the Basin.


The preparatory phase of the project will borrow highly from studies on the management of trans-boundary ecosystems undertaken by the Mt. Elgon Regional Ecosystem Conservation Program and the Trans-boundary Water for Biodiversity and Human Health in the Mara River Basin. Other key documents will

Specific Objectives

a) To establish mechanisms to promote, support and sustain trans-boundary collaboration;

b) To build capacity of implementing institutions to implement effective and participatory conservation of Nyungwe -Kibira ecosystem;

c) To empower communities to participate in equitable resource governanceExpected Outputs

a) Mechanisms to promote, support and sustain trans-boundary collaboration established;

b) Capacity of implementing institutions build towards effective and participatory conservation of Nyungwe- Kibira ecosystem;

c) Communities empowered to participate in equitable resourcegovernance

Current Status A project concept note has been prepared jointly with Rwanda Development Board (RDB)/Tourism and Conservation Department and Institut National pour l’Environnement et la Conservation de la Nature - INECN, of Burundi

Possible gaps if on-going

This project is at the preparatory stage.

Duration 4 yearsEstimated Project Costs

USD 6.3 Million

1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDNatural forests ecosystems are distributed unevenly in the Lake Victoria Basin, with higher concentration in the upper parts of the Basin while in the lower areas, forest cover is limited to relatively small plantations and wind break strips surrounding agricultural fields. The forestry resources component in the Basin is pivotal in supporting community livelihoods as well as the proper functioning of the ecosystem. Communities rely on forestry to meet a wide range of household needs. These resources are sources of foods, fruits, construction materials, source of pasture (particularly during the dry season) and even as source of spiritual inspiration.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013Despite the key structural and functional roles played by forestry resources, the Basin has experienced extensive forest ecosystem destruction through encroachment, unsustainable exploitation and fires. The search for agricultural land has triggered forest destruction and in particular the targeted the Nyungwe - Kibira forests across the Rwanda and Burundi border. The Rwandan part of the Basin mainly consists of unevenly distributed savannas and mixed forests occupying an area of 90,000 hectares. It is further observed that the hilly northern and western catchments where the drainage network originates are facing degradation due to cultivation on very steep slopes.The Burundian part of the Basin is dominated by savannas and pockets of forests, of which the important protected areas are the Ruvubu National Park (50,000ha) and the Kibira National Park (40,000ha). The vegetation types in the forests are determined by altitude. The Bugesera Depression has a lower population density and hence has not been extensively degraded.

The East African Community (EAC) has trans-boundary ecosystems which straddle the international boundaries of two or more Partner States. These ecosystems include both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems including wetlands. Examples of these trans-boundary ecosystems include Miniziro-Sango Bay at the Tanzania/Uganda border, Nyungwe-Kibira, Rwanda/Burundi, Ruvubu, (Burundi/Tanzania), Lake Jipe, Kenya/Tanzania and Sio-Siteko at the Kenya/ Uganda Border. These ecosystems are of immense social economic value to the riparian communities in respect to construction materials, grazing and fishing, water for livestock and domestic use, purification services for polluted water from urban areas in addition to water storage, particularly to the local communities in both countries. Further, communities derive their livelihood from cross-border trade. At the national level trans-boundary ecosystems contribute to the national economies of the Partner States. However, these ecosystems are facing many problems. The quality of natural habitats, protected areas, wetlands and aquatic resources within trans-boundary ecosystems are declining either due to conversion to other land uses, over exploitation or invasion of other species alien to the area. This consequently leads to threat and loss of biodiversity and habitats attributed to encroachment and illegal harvesting.

The EAC trans-boundary ecosystems face high levels of dependence on natural resources for livelihood and resultant pressures for agricultural land by adjacent local communities. This is explained by a number of factors including incapability of adjacent local communities to sustain themselves from current livelihood strategies in trans-boundary ecosystems, inappropriate access regimes to natural resources and land within and outside the protected areas in trans-boundary ecosystems, lack of capital and incentives for investments into natural resources development, poor markets and marketing systems, and unregulated use of resources from trans-boundary ecosystems particularly in protected forests, wetlands and aquatic ecosystems. The ecosystems are noticeably degraded by human activities affecting the benefits accruing from them. Being trans-boundary, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems require concerted efforts from the governments of the EAC Partner States for their sustainable management. This is because there have been limited deliberate efforts targeted to the management of these trans-boundary ecosystems through cooperative and collaborative by the two or more countries that share a particular ecosystem.

Whereas the protected area agencies in the partner states focus more on management of resources within their national jurisdictions, there are limited efforts focusing on trans-boundary ecosystems. Where efforts have existed in the past or currently exist, they are fragmented and with little focus on harmonization of institutions, policy, legal and systems and procedures for effective trans-boundary natural resource management.



2.0 ProBLem statementThe EAC Partner States are facing daunting challenges of maintaining or developing their natural resources base to meet increasing demand by the people for livelihoods and development aspirations on a sustainable basis. This is largely because the livelihoods of the peoples living adjacent the trans-boundary ecosystems are primarily small-scale subsistence agriculture- based, hence the dependence on the natural resources endowment. Consequently the natural resource base in the landscape surrounding the trans-boundary ecosystems is becoming depleted. This is affecting the livelihoods of people and undermining the security for the trans-boundary ecosystems.

Further, there are inadequate institutional arrangements/structures, which impede the management of trans-boundary ecosystems in East Africa. These include: lack of formal institutional collaboration arrangements between two or more countries in the management of a trans-boundary ecosystem; unclear stakeholders roles and responsibilities; lack of manpower for joint management of the ecosystem; institutions responsible for managing these trans-boundary ecosystems do not have adequate capacity (human, infrastructure, funds, procedures, policies, and knowledge) to undertake effective management; current national policies and legislations of the Partner States do not allow protected area law enforcement officers to undertake joint patrols across the international boundary; management plans of the protected area components within the trans-boundary ecosystems in each country have not embraced trans-boundary natural resource management principles, which are rooted in cooperation between different actors in cross-border contexts; un-harmonized immigration procedures; and lack of ecosystem approach competence and capacity for Trans-boundary Natural Resources Management (TBNRM). These problems are compounded by communication challenges, which include lack of common radio frequency; equipment e.g. repeater stations and gadgets; and internet connectivity to enhance management of ecosystems by mandated appropriate institutions in the EAC Partner States.

Finally, inadequate policy and legal frameworks for joint management of trans-boundary ecosystems in the EAC Partner States constrain their respective management. The absence of provision for joint management and joint monitoring and protection within the wildlife, forest, water and wetland Acts of the respective countries; differential application of user rights and responsibilities of stakeholders (e.g. local communities); no formal provision for intelligence information sharing by the protected areas institutions; and lack of trans-boundary/cross-border management, ecological monitoring and law enforcement.

3.0 JUstification anD siGnificanceThe Nyungwe-Kibira ecosystem is among the key ecosystem on the western edge of the Lake Victoria Basin. The catchment has many tributaries draining into the major rivers that eventually drain into Lake Victoria. Forests in the ecosystem are major habitats that support unique and diverse fauna and flora some of which are of extreme conservation importance. Most of the biodiversity in the area is rare and /or limited in distribution; and is an important source of ecological goods and services (food, water, wood, fuel, and nutrient cycling and climate amelioration) and development opportunities.

The enhancement of the management of this trans-boundary ecosystem is in line with the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community (1999). The Treaty urges Partner States to cooperate in the joint management and sustainable utilization of natural resources within the community; coordinate their


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013policies and actions for the protection and conservation of natural resources and the environment against all forms of degradation and pollution arising from development activities; and provide timely notification and relevant information to each other on natural resources and human activities that may or are likely to have significant trans-boundary environmental impacts and shall consult with each other at an early stage; and development and promotion of capacity building programs for sustainable management of natural resources. Other relevant EAC instruments Declarations that call for the management of trans-boundary ecosystems include:

a) The Protocol on Sustainable Management and Development of Lake Victoria Basin (LVB), addresses environmental concerns in and around the lake, has important areas of focus relevant to trans-boundary forest ecosystem project; i.e. protection and conservation of the basin and its ecosystem (Articles 3 – scope of cooperation).

b) The EAC’s Protocol on Environment and Natural Resources in Chapter 3 has a number of articles with provisions for management of trans-boundary resources. Articles 9, 11, 12, and 19.

c) In the EAC Development Strategy 2011-2016, the LVBC Strategic Plan (2011 – 2016) developmental objective D6 is aimed at “enhancing the management of ecosystems, natural resources including climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies.

d) The Second Annual Lake Victoria Stakeholders forum (2009) had a number of forum declaration targeting promotion of TBNRM in the EAC. The significance of this declaration will widen dialogue and policy engagements for deepening trans-boundary natural resource management in trans-boundary ecosystems in the EAC at various levels; and a window of opportunity for harmonization initiatives of policies and laws in trans-boundary ecosystems.

The LVBC will use lessons and experiences learnt from the coordination and implementation of Mt Elgon Regional Ecosystem Conservation Programme (MERECP) and Trans-boundary Water for Biodiversity and Human Health Project (TWB HH) by EAC/LVBC and replicate these in the Nyungwe – Kibira ecosystem located between Rwanda and Burundi. These lessons will help address human pressures on trans-boundary ecosystems and ensure the continuation of the benefits and services provided by the Nyungwe – Kibiratrans-boundary ecosystems at local, national and international.

4.0 ProGramme DescriPtion4.1 Programme approach and current policy/legal frameworka) Participatory Benefit Sharing Approach and benefit streamsGiven the importance of imparting benefits to local communities and enabling them to participate in the sustainable management of Nyungwe-Kibira ecosystems, it is essential to implement approaches that provide incentives to local communities. The LVBC with lessons learnt from implementing Mt Elgon ecosystem will replicate participatory benefit sharing approach and benefit streams in Nyungwe-Kibira trans-boundary ecosystems in Rwanda and Burundi. These will involve direct grants as community revolving funds (CRFs) to an equal number of CBOs in each partner state, finance cash-based fast growing (with 8 years rotation) livelihood plantations for participating households, using an equity and benefit sharing model developed in MERECP that allows households to plant up to 5 ha of degraded land currently under jurisdiction of government and local authority agencies in Rwanda and Burundi and cash payments for replanting of degraded areas closest to the Forest and National Park and provide co-benefits of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration to mitigate against anticipated negative impacts of climate change.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 2013b) Channeling resources to Beneficiaries through CBOs The programme will channel resources to the local communities for community revolving funds (CRFs), which is an experience under MERECP that elicited interest and support from the beneficiaries groups as well as political support at District and local levels. The programme will provide three financing streams directly to CBOs, which: (i) are covering households and based in local communities that are adjacent to protected areas in trans-boundary ecosystems; (ii) are registered with appropriate local authority bodies; (iii) have opened and are operating an account; (iv) are wide enough in their charter and mandate to allow undertaking of diverse income generating activities (IGAs) and not restricted to a single sub-sector (e.g. apiary only); (v) are involved in land or farm based activities; (vi) have received or will receive technical assistance to manage micro-credit operations through competent service providers engaged by PMU; (vii) are certified by the selected government agency as being “ready” to receive seed capital for establishing and operating revolving funds.

c) Zoning of Protected Areas and Forest Reserves for livelihood access The programme will at promoting zoning within and adjacent to National Parks and Forest Reserves in the trans-boundary ecosystems. Lessons and experiences of zoning learnt under MERECP will be used to guide the zoning. The focus will be the hotspots within the trans-boundary ecosystems where the “core area” of protection should have at least three belts or zones, wherever possible, to buffer the core area as follows:

i) Zone 1 (fuelwood-agroforestry zone); ii) Zone 2 (livelihood zone): a wider strip of land adjacent to the fuel wood strip (zone 1) but moving

inwards towards the protected area, that provides land for undertaking cash-based livelihood plantations by participating households, using the equity and benefit sharing model.

iii) Zone 3 (carbon zone): the widest strip of degraded land closest to the “core area” that can be replanted with indigenous trees, restoring the natural forest and ecosystem connectivity and which can be described as the “carbon” zone for sequestering carbon over a longer period of time.

d) Linking Livelihood interventions to Climate Change (REDD)By linking replanting of degraded forests and wetlands trans-boundary ecosystems for sequestering carbon and paying cash for planting and maintenance activities (such as fire management and forest and wetland protection), climate change mitigation activities can be linked to livelihoods improvement. It is important to test at local community level the concept of Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Land Degradation (REDD) and link it to a national forest inventory of carbon stocks and carbon sequestration potential and have regular monitoring and protection in place. Under this programme, three important elements of REDD linking climate change mitigation activities to livelihoods are proposed. The lessons learnt and experiences from MERECP will inform this programme and selection of interventions that link livelihood interventions to climate change (REDD) in trans-boundary ecosystems set up. These will involve cash payments for deforestation avoidance, cash payments for reforestation, and national benchmarking.

e) Climate change mitigation and adaptation at community levelThe anticipated impacts of climate change could already be affecting trans-boundary ecosystems in the form of recurring dry periods or intensive periods of incessant rainfall. It is for this reason that this programme will undertake studies on climate change adaptation activities that range from identifying vulnerable and high risk areas, such as a marginal and steep slopes of land that are now being used for settlements and agriculture in some communities, raising awareness about climate change impacts, identifying adaptation measures that will require policy decisions and stricter enforcement of laws and


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013bye laws as well as infrastructure modifications and investments, such as water harvesting technology, and capacity building measures relating to disaster preparedness.

f) Fostering Trans-boundary Trade, Security, Tourism and ManagementThe Lake Victoria Basin has enormous potential for trade, development and growth among Member States of the EAC. The Kibira – Nyungwe ecosystems play an important role as there are sources of water that nurture agriculture and provide natural resources that are important in the daily lives as well as the economies of the EAC Partner States. However, fostering of growth areas such as ecotourism requires security and strict arms control. While border area security is important, immigration and customs facilities need to consider one-stop facilities for tourists who are taking nature trails and trekking through from one country to another.

g) Supportive Policy and Legal Context in EAC Partner States The issues that hamper joint management of Kibira - Nyungwe ecosystems need to be identified and addressed administratively through MOUs and or/ agreements between the two Partner States that share the ecosystem. This programme will therefore support Rwanda and Burundi to prepare for MOUs and administrative agreements and where appropriate harmonization of policies and laws.

4.2 Programme Goal: Sustainable use of shared natural resources benefiting livelihoods and mitigating and adapting to the anticipated climate change impacts in Kibira – Nyungwe trans-boundary ecosystems.

4.2.1 Programme Purpose: Trans-boundary natural resource management and participatory benefit sharing models promoted in Kibira – Nyungwe trans-boundary.

4.2.2 Programme Objectives: The overall objective is to enhance the management of KibiraNyungwe ecosystems. The specific objectives are to:

a) Promote trans-boundary conservation, natural resources and participatory benefit sharing and co-management models of ecosystem and biodiversity conservation and management around protected areas;

b) Create opportunities for payment of ecosystem goods and services for improved livelihoods through equity and benefit sharing models/revolving funds;

c) Link livelihood improvement to climate change mitigation and adaptation in trans-boundary ecosystems;

d) Strengthen appropriate institutions in support of cooperation and collaboration in the management of trans-boundary ecosystems.

4.3 Implementation ApproachThis programme will be implemented by the Republics of Rwanda and Burundi and coordinated by the Lake Victoria Basin Commission. There will be a National Lead Ministry of each of the two implementing Partner States. At National level there will be a national technical working group drawn from institutions that will be directly involved in programme implementation at the field level. These institutions will include but not limited to the protected agencies such as those responsible for Forests, Wildlife, and Tourism in each of the two Partner States. The programme at the grass roots level will include households, CBOs and CSOs and other relevant stakeholders where appropriate.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION June 20134.4 Programme LocationThe programme location will be the Kibira – Nyungwetrans-boundary ecosystems located on the northern border of Burundi and Rwanda. The exact project sites will be determined in consultation with the relevant stakeholders at national and local levels in each of the participating countries.

4.5ProgrammeActivities The description of the programme outputs and activities by objective is as given below:

Objective I:To promote trans-boundary conservation, natural resources and participatory benefit sharing and co-management models of ecosystem and biodiversity conservation and management around protected areas.The key output under this objective is trans-boundary conservation, natural resources and participatory benefit sharing and co-management models of ecosystem and biodiversity conservation and management around protected areas established and functional.

The activities to be implemented include the following:Zoning of areas within national parks, forest reserves, adjacent district lands for planting and user right regimes;

• Mobilization of households/communities to participate in establishment of plantations for livelihood improvement;

• Entering into MoUs with CBOs to establish and share benefits from plantations for livelihood improvement;

• Provision of technical support to CBOs to prepare, plant and maintain plantations;• Community participation in monitoring of ecosystem restoration and protection.

Objective II: To create opportunities for payment of ecosystem goods and services for improved livelihoods through equity and benefit sharing models/revolving fundsThe key output under this objective is equity and benefit sharing models/revolving funds that create opportunities for payment of ecosystem goods and services for improved livelihoods.

The activities to be implemented will include the following:• Identification of CBOs that are “eligible and ready” to receive seed capital for CRF; • Undertake capacity building of CBOs that do not meet the “eligible and ready” criteria;• Undertake a baseline study to establish social economic reference for monitoring performance

of CBOs;• Mentoring of CBOs on micro-credit operations and income generating activities;• Provide seed capital for establishing CRFs; and• Monitoring of CBO performance of CRF operations and livelihood improvements -cash and

non-cash based.

Objective3: To link livelihood improvement to climate change mitigation and adaptation in trans-boundary ecosystemsThe key output under this objective is livelihoods improvement to climate change mitigation / adaptation in trans-boundary ecosystems linked.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 2013The activities to be implemented will include the following:

• Conduct a study of the entire trans-boundary forest ecosystem to design a Climate Change/REDD based strategy;

• Undertaking of a Climate Change adaptation study covering vulnerable and high risk areas, • Creating awareness and training of selected CBOs for disaster preparedness, and flagging

climate change adaptation needs; • Carrying out baseline surveys and establishing benchmarking and monitoring indicators for

REDD (i) deforestation avoidance; (ii) reforestation for climate change mitigation-carbon sequestration;

• Entering into participatory benefit sharing agreements (PBSAs) with selected CBOs for plantations for livelihood improvement, reforestation for carbon sequestration, and deforestation avoidance ;

Objective 4: To Strengthen appropriate institutions in support of cooperation and collaboration in the management of trans-boundary ecosystemsThe main output will be appropriate institutions strengthened in support of trans-boundary ecosystem management approach.The sub outputs and activities to be implemented under each are as given below.

a) Trans-boundary natural resource management capacity of local NGOs/CBOs strengthened.• Conduct needs assessment of local CBO/NGO Capacity in TBNRM;• Strengthen governance structures and undertake training based on recommendations of the

CNA report. • Support income generating activities. • Support networking of CBOs/NGOs at national and regional level for effective participation in

trans-boundary forest ecosystem management; and• Multi-stakeholder and Technical Working Groups set up for activity implementation;

b) Trans-boundary natural resource management framework established• Preparation trans-boundary joint management plan; • Preparation of protection and monitoring plan (joint patrol plan); and• Preparation of a trans-boundary tourism master plan.

c) Harmonization of policies, laws and legislation governing management of trans-boundary forest ecosystems supported. • Support the formulation of by-laws at local level which enhance the management of trans-

boundary forest ecosystems.• Supporting institutions with mandate to manage ecosystems/resources that straddle the

international boundaries of two or more countries to identify what policies and laws need to be harmonized and make recommendations to their respective governments;

• Harmonization of policy, law, and regulatory instruments of trans-boundary forest ecosystems; • Support introduction of uniform practices, through making of subsidiary legislation where

appropriate; • Entering into MoUs/ Administrative Agreements to regularize a catalogue of cross-border

activities between relevant authorities.



5.0 ProGramme DUration

Five (5) Years

6.0 ProPoseD BUDGet

Objective(s) Description Amount USD

1 To promote trans-boundary conservation, natural resources and participatory benefit sharing and co-management models of ecosystem and biodiversity conservation and management around protected areas.

1,680,000

2 To create opportunities for payment of ecosystem goods and services for improved livelihoods through equity and benefit sharing models/revolving funds

750,000

3 To link livelihood improvement to climate change mitigation and adaptation in trans-boundary ecosystems

900,000

4 To Strengthen appropriate institutions in support of cooperation and collaboration in the management of trans-boundary ecosystems

500,000

5 Programme Management and coordination 1,384,000TOTAL 5,214,000

012 - DeVeLoPment of tHe state of tHe Lake anD Basin rePort ProJect concePt note

Project Title DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE OF THE LAKE AND BASIN REPORT

Sr. No. 012

Implementing Agency Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat, P. O. Box 1510-40100, Kisumu, KENYA


Goal: to continuously avail credible information to various stakeholders on the state of the lake and its basin with focus on water quality, quantity, ecosystems health and Integrity, economic productivity and livelihood.

Overall objective: to help stakeholders understand the condition of the lake and its basin and also present factual information, emerging issues, expert analyses and trends over time on the health of LVB.



Introduction and Context Lake Victoria is Africa’s largest freshwater Lake and a key shared resource for the people of East Africa. The Lake spans parts of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its basin, including parts of Burundi and Rwanda, is endowed with rich natural resources and was designated as an Economic Growth Zone to be exploited jointly by EAC Partner States.

The basin creates interdependencies among all the EAC Partner States and it is important that communities understand how their actions could impact upon others within the Basin. Furthermore, all developmental issues are interlinked, namely: socio-economic, cultural, technological, and political. There is need to address these challenges, future opportunities and lay grounds for cooperation among stakeholders as a pre-requisite for successful management of LVB.

Relevance to the Protocol and LVBC Strategic Plan

The project is designed around the 4th EAC Development Strategy (2011-2016) addressing the “promotion of public awareness, information sharing and communication for sustainable development in the Lake Basin” intervention area and will contribute towards the management, development and utilization of natural resources of the Basin in a sustainable manner in line with the Protocol for Sustainable Development of The Lake Victoria Basin.

Project addresses key result area in the LVBC Strategic Plan 2011 - 2016: (i) to promote investments and sustainable livelihoods in LVB.

Specific Objectives The specific objectives of the report are to:Profile Lake Victoria and the basin including a description of the global environment (different ecosystems), plus environmental governance in the Lake Victoria Basin;Document the water resources of the Lake Victoria basin including analysis of the Lake Victoria and its basin water resources, quantity and quality, surface and ground water, hydrology and climatology;Document the socio-economic status of the Lake Victoria basin including poverty analysis, a demography analysis, urbanization, employment, health of the people, youth and economic growth;Assess the water uses in the Lake Victoria basin; andPresent an elaborate scenario analysis including synthesis of the emerging issues presented before and their trends.



Expected Results State of the LVB Report containing:Status of physical chemical and biological characteristics of the Lake;Information on the status of human health and toxins Status of natural resources, biodiversity and aquatic invasive species of the Lake and its basin.The socio-economic status of the Lake and its catchment.Climate change and hydrology of Lake Victoria and the basinEmerging issues on Lake Victoria and the basin;Opportunities and challenges with respect to the sustainable management and development of the Basin;Critical role that cooperation among stakeholders can play in optimizing the benefits and bringing about equitable utilization of LVB common resources;Indicators for monitoring the health of LVB

Key Activities Hire Consultant/s to conduct/ coordinate the State of the lake and basin report;Formulate national teams experts to undertake the study at the national level;Conducting various laboratory tests at national level;Conduct one joint regional mission to understand the status of the lake and basin;Draft report subjected to peer review by external consultants;Validation workshop by stakeholders from EAC Partner States;Appraisal and approval by EAC organs;Printing and dissemination.

Current Status Financial support is required for preparation of the report.

Duration 12 monthsEstimated Project Cost USD 1,120,000




1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDThe Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) is a specialized institution of the East African Community (EAC) that is responsible for coordinating the sustainable development agenda of the Lake Victoria Basin. In line with its Mandate, LVBC develops and coordinates the implementation of Projects and Programs in the Basin. Lake Victoria which is the second largest freshwater Lake in the world is a major shared resource of the five EAC Partner States. The Lake and its Basin play a major role in supporting a wide diversity of flora and fauna. The Lake has a surface area of 68,000 km2, which is shared by three countries, namely, Kenya (6%), Uganda (43%) and Tanzania (51%). The catchment area of the Lake is 193,000 km2, which extends into Republics of Rwanda and Burundi. It is estimated that about 40 Million people live within the Basin.

2.0 ProBLem statementOver the last decade, it has become evident that the Lake Victoria Basin’s landscapes, ecosystems, and the human population are threatened by both natural and human induced factors and these have made it to be one of the lake basins whose ecosystem is currently under considerable threat16. The basin’s population has increased and so has the demand for resources from the basin. This has led to increased encroachment of ecologically fragile areas such as wetlands, riverbanks and protected forests for farming and other purposes. The quantity and diversity of wastes generated from the use of basin’s resources have also increased. The increased sediment loads due to unsustainable land management practices, discharge of poorly managed effluents from industries and municipal wastewater outflows, and the excessive nutrient and agro-chemical pollution from diffuse sources have negatively impacted surface water and groundwater quality. As a consequence, the basin has witnessed accelerated watershed degradation, declining water quality and quantity, land degradation, decline in Lake Victoria level with negative consequences to navigation and fisheries, proliferation of invasive species (e.g. water hyacinth), and increasing incidence of absolute poverty. Major sources of these problems are linked to inadequate policy and legislative regimes, the absence of a focal institution (until recently) charged with the mandate coordinating the management of LVB.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificanceThere is need to understand the state of basin environment through provision of science-based information, through a consistent system of reporting based on indicators, on the state of the Lake Victoria and its basin. These will support application of adequate scientific knowledge to manage the complex ecosystems of Lake Victoria, promote sustainable investment and create adequate public awareness on the need to engage in sustainable basin resources management.

In view of the above LVBC seeks to develop a state of Lake Report for the Lake Victoria and its basin as part of enhancing the basins natural resources knowledge and information. This will enhance natural resource allocation and management decisions that consider the implications of each resource-use on the others. The Plan will also ensure that overall social and economic goals are achieved, including stimulating long-term interventions that promote sustainable economic and biodiversity conservation in the Basin.

There is need to address the LVB sustainable development challenges, future opportunities and lay grounds for cooperation among stakeholders as a pre-requisite for successful management of LVB. Decisions and policies should be based on informed and accurate information.16 WWF (2007) World’s top ten rivers at riskhttp://assets.panda.org/downloads/worldstop10riversatriskfinalmarch13.pdf. (accessed 18 Nov. 2007)



4.0 ProJect DescriPtionThe LVB countries are significantly diverse with different interests in using the basin’s resources, and so are the key-stakeholders involved in the management of the related human activities. The stakeholders come from sectors and groups as different as government institutions, NGOs, community organizations and the private sector. The extent of environmental degradation is also at different levels for each country.

To facilitate implementation of the participatory Integrated Water Resources Management process at the national and local levels, it is critical to acquire adequate scientific information for the planning and decision making process at the regional, national and local/district levels. This is important for understanding different pollution and degradation hotspots to help form management decisions. In addition, in the LVB, the littoral zone of the lake is both a high productive area for fish spawning and source of water supply to the residents. It is however a potentially vulnerable area because hotels, businesses, industries, municipalities and rural communities discharge pollutants and convert the riparian land to the littoral zone for various activities, such as agriculture, industry, hotel, etc.

Given the many activities in the catchment that are already impacting on, or have a potential to degrade the environment, it is necessary to make periodic assessment of the state of the lake and its basin, for water quality, hydrology, water use, land cover, natural resources and ecosystem changes.

An Integrated Water Quality / Limnology Study for Lake Victoria was conducted in 2002, and a synthesis report produced on Water Quality and Ecosystem status in the year 2005. The two documents gave useful information on the lake and its basin. The Project now intends to develop the state of lake and its basin report outlining the current conditions and any changes that might have occurred in the key water resources indicators that were used in assessing the status. It also wants to review the previously used indicators and update the parameters to be used for future trends for the state of the lake and its basin and evaluate the performance of catchment management programs and investment interventions in the urban centres. The state of the lake report will target both policy makers as well as the general population living within the basin. The report is intended to increase understanding and appreciation amongst policy makers and basin communities.

4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveThe main objective of the consultancy is to develop the State of the Lake Victoria basin report. The specific objectives of the consultancy are to:

i) Assess the environmental profile of the Lake Victoria basin, including the Lake Victoria and its basin including a description of the global environment (different ecosystems), plus environmental governance in the Lake Victoria basin;

ii) Assess the water resources of the Lake Victoria basin including analysis of the Lake Victoria and its basin water resources, quantity and quality, surface and ground water, hydrology and climatology;

iii) Assess the socio-economic status of the Lake Victoria basin including poverty analysis, a demography analysis, urbanization, employment, people’s health, youth and economic growth;

iv) Assess the water uses in the Lake Victoria basin; andv) Elaborate a scenario analysis – this includes a synthesis of the emerging issues presented before

and their trends.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJune 20134.2 Description of Proposed Activities The following are the key activities to be undertaken.

i) Hire Consultant/s to conduct/ coordinate the State of the lake and basin report;ii) Formulate national teams experts to undertake the study at the national level;iii) Conducting various laboratory tests at national level;iv) Conduct one joint regional mission to understand the status of the lake and basin;v) Draft report subjected to peer review by external consultants;vi) Validation workshop by stakeholders from EAC Partner States;vii) Appraisal and approval by EAC organs;viii) Printing and dissemination

4.3 Expected Outputs i) Status of physical chemical and biological characteristics of the Lake;ii) Information on the status of human health and toxins;iii) Status of natural resources, biodiversity and aquatic invasive species of the Lake and its basin;iv) The socio-economic status of the Lake and its catchment;v) Climate change and hydrology of Lake Victoria and the basin;vi) Emerging issues on Lake Victoria and the basin;vii) Opportunities and challenges with respect to the sustainable management and development of

the Basin; andviii) Critical role that cooperation among stakeholders can play in optimizing the benefits and bringing

about equitable utilization of LVB common resources;

5.0 estimateD BUDGetBelow is the detailed budget for the planned activities:

Component Outputs

Specific activities/input

Category Unit Total Unit Cost (US $)

Total cost in US$

1 Consultancy Services to Conduct a State of the Lake Victoria and its Basin

1.1 Consultancy Fee ( Total man months as per the ToRs – 20 for 4 staff )

Consultancy Man Month 10 man months for 4 staff

500 per day

400,000

1.2 Reimbursable Consultants costs

CONSUL Lump sum 1 100000 100000

1.3 Regional Technical working groups meetings to support review the reports

OC Lumpsum 1 60,000 60,000



Component Outputs

Specific activities/input

Category Unit Total Unit Cost (US $)

Total cost in US$

1.4 Regional Stakeholders’ consultations and workshop to review and adopt the reports.

OC Lumpsum 1 100,000 100,000

1.5: Operational costs (stationary etc) for amended policies, regulations and laws on natural resources.

OC MATERIALS 1 10,000 10,000

1.6: Support national Task Force activities (4 staff members for each of the 5 Partner States)

OC No 5 50,000 250,000

Conducting one Joint monitoring mission in the Lake and Basin – hire a ship and vehicles– Costs for national and regional staff

OC No lump sum

100000 100000

Printing and dissemination costs

100,000

Total budget 1,120,000


roUnDtaBLe tHree: economic anD

infrastrUctUre DeVeLoPment



LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION JuNE 2013

013 - maritime commUnications for safetY on Lake Victoria - ProJect concePt note

Project Title Maritime Communications for Safety on Lake Victoria (MCSLV)

Sr. No.013

Implementing Agency LVBC Secretariat jointly with the EAC Partner States of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda


Project Goal: To create an enabling environment for increased investment in maritime transport in Lake Victoria and spur socio-economic development.

Project objective: To improve safety of navigation by establishing maritime emergency search and rescue services on Lake Victoria


The project is designed around the 4th EAC Development Strategy (2011-2016) addressing the navigation safety intervention area and will contribute to the provision of safe, efficient, cheap and environmentally friendly transport links that are essential to achieving the goals of poverty reduction and sustainable development in line with the Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin. The Project is a key component in the development of maritime transport potential in the lake that will promote trade and regional integration. Project addresses two key result areas in the LVBC Strategic Plan 2011 - 2016: (i) to improve safety of navigation and security on Lake Victoria; and (ii) to promote an enabling environment for investments in lake transport.


i) Final Report on the Detailed Pre-investment Analysis/Study on Maritime Communications for Safety on Lake Victoria

ii) International Maritime Organization (IMO) Report on Implementation of a Search and Rescue Service on Lake Victoria

Specific Objectives iii) To improve maritime communication network coverage and functionality for Lake Victoria;

iv) To operationalize the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania;

v) To establish, equip and strengthen the emergency search and rescue organization on Lake Victoria;

vi) To strengthen the implementation capacity of the designated agencies.Expected Results i) An effective regional maritime search and rescue system on Lake Victoria

established and operationalized;

ii) Improved maritime safety culture among the lake users and LVB communities; and

iii) LVBC capacity to monitor maritime safety on LV strengthened.Current Status Project formulation completed with a comprehensive investment plan in place.Possible gaps if on-going Not Applicable – the project has not commencedDuration Three yearsEstimated Project Cost USD 10,228,000

Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat

June 2013

Kisumu, KENYA


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJuNE 2013

1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDLake Victoria is Africa’s largest lake and is a key shared resource for the people of East Africa. The Lake has a surface area of 68,800 km2 and is shared as follows: Kenya (6%), Tanzania (51%), and Uganda (43%). The Catchment covers an area of 180,950 Km² with Tanzania occupying 44%, Kenya 22%, Uganda 16%, Rwanda 11% and Burundi 7%. Its basin is endowed with rich natural resources and was designated as an economic growth zone to be exploited jointly by EAC Partner States. Economic activities in the Basin include: fishing, mining, agriculture, hydropower generation, forestry, trade and industry, tourism, water transport and communication. Untapped potential exists to expand both tourism and water transportation industries across the Basin.

The population of LVB is approximately 40 million and up to 4 million people depend on the lake for their income and livelihood. There are some large urban centres on the shores of the lake but the area is, to a great extent, populated by fishing communities living in rural villages and remote islands.

Commercial vessels operate on the lake for transportation of passengers and cargo. Total trade transacted across the lake was only US$ 830 million in 2007 (exports - $650, imports – $180 million). The carrying capacity of licensed commercial ships on the lake is very low at 7,600 tons and the predominant mode of local transport is by informal boats. On the other hand, fishing is an important economic activity in the LVB with an estimated annual fish catch of 500,000 tonnes, generating more than US$ 400 million at the landing sites. Fishing products from the lake contribute US$ 250 million in export earnings. Primary fishing activity is undertaken by about 200,000 fishermen using a fleet of nearly 70,000 small boats and crafts.

2.0 ProBLem statementEconomic opportunities of the EAC Partner States are generally hampered by expensive and weak transport and trade links. The countries face huge costs associated with transportation and insurance in accessing foreign markets thus reducing their competitiveness globally. Lake Victoria is an important inland waterway in the region whose development could play a vital role in unlocking the economic potential and increasing integration of the EAC Partner States. However, its potential as an inland waterway is not fully exploited as it suffers from lack of investment and the region depends on the expensive all-road routes. Lake transport is comparatively more economical and environmentally friendly but is not adequately developed due to lack of investment.

A key factor deterring investment in Lake Victoria maritime transport continues to be the lack of search and rescue services. Since search and rescue services are virtually non-existent, the climate is not conducive to the deployment of modern cargo and passenger vessels due to the inherent hazards created as well as the resultant insurance costs.

Despite the economic potential, Lake Victoria lacks a maritime communications system, an emergency response infrastructure and weather data dissemination mechanism (unpredictable weather patterns are common on the lake) to protect those who depend on it for their livelihood and as an important inland waterway for regional trade. The inadequate navigation safety environment deters investment in lake transport and thus constraints the capacity of key trade routes in the region.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION JuNE 2013According to estimates reported by the Global System Mobile Association (GSMA) Development Fund in 2008, up to 5,000 people lose their lives on the lake annually due to maritime incidents. Victims include fishermen, school going children and businessmen who depend on the lake for transport and livelihood. Major disasters on the lake include: the passenger vessel MV Bukoba capsized in 1996 with loss of about 500 lives, the rail wagon ferry MV Kabalega collided with a sister vessel and sank in 2005, and cargo vessel MV Nyamageni sank in 2006.

In this context, the project is one of the unique regional interventions promoted by the five EAC Partner States aimed at improving navigational safety and thus making maritime transport on Lake Victoria attractive for investments. It will address the critical factor constraining the use of maritime transport on Lake Victoria, namely, lack of search and rescue services. Furthermore, the project contributes to the need to bring ICT broadband services to the communities living in rural villages and remote islands in line with the Connect Africa Goals.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificance In an effort to address the maritime safety and security challenges on Lake Victoria, the 4th EAC Development Strategy 2011-2016 (EACDS) identified theimprovement of navigation safety and security on Lake Victoria as a priority intervention area to be undertaken by LVBC. To fulfil the EACDS, the LVBC Strategic Plan 2011-2016 identified seven key result areas and in this regard the MCSLV project contributes specifically to: improvement of safety of navigation and promotion of investment in the basin.EAC Council of Ministers approved the hosting of the Lake Victoria Maritime Search and Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) at Mwanza, Tanzania and the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania availed adequate office space to accommodate the MRCC in the short term and a plot for its long term development. This demonstrates the commitment of the EAC Partner States in implementing the project.

The short code 110 has been adopted for maritime emergency rescue services on Lake Victoria by the EAC national communications regulatory authorities and telecoms operators have been requested to avail the number toll-free. Criteria for selection of this short code were based on ease of dialing in an emergency situation. This is a further indication from all the participating entities that improving maritime safety on Lake Victoria remains a priority.

The project is in line with the mandate of LVBC as provided for in Articles 28, 29 and 31 of the Protocol for Sustainable Development of LVB. The Articles respectively call for the need to:

i) Develop and improve inland waterways and ICT infrastructure, andii) Promote safety of navigation.

The MCSLV project is designed around the sector strategies for enhanced regional trade, improved inland water transport, efficient communication infrastructure and deeper EAC regional integration. These are articulated in the: EAC Transport Strategy, Common Market Protocol, 4th EAC Development Strategy, State of the River Nile Basin 2012, and the 2nd LVBC Strategic Plan. In addition the project is in harmony with the continental ICT agenda as decided by the 14th African Union Summit held in February 2010.

Re-developing the maritime transport potential on Lake Victoria will add a number of beneficial elements to the EAC regional trade links in terms of reduced costs, increased capacity, better safety and less pollution. An effective transportation system on the lake will provide a low cost, viable and efficient link between


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJuNE 2013the northern and central corridors for conveyance of bulk cargo. It will also promote regional trade and economic integration. Improvement of water transport on the lake requires increased investment in the sub-sector by both the Partner States and development partners. In order to attract the much needed investment in the sub-sector, the MCSLV project seeks to address the lack of search and rescue services, which is a critical factor for investors and users. Safe and secure maritime operations will save lives and promote investments in tourism and water sports as well. The socio-economic welfare of the people of EAC and rural communities will be improved through the extended telecommunication coverage as business will be carried out more efficiently.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion4.1 Project Goal and ObjectivesThe project goal is to create an enabling environment for increased investment in maritime transport in Lake Victoria and thus achieve the goals of poverty reduction and sustainable development in the LVB.

The project objective is to set up an effective and sustainable regional maritime search and rescue organization for Lake Victoria. Specific objectives are:

i) To improve maritime communication network coverage and functionality;ii) To operationalize the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania;iii) To establish, equip and strengthen the emergency search and rescue organization;iv) To strengthen the implementation capacity of the designated agencies.

4.2 Description of Activities per ObjectiveSpecific Objective 1: To improve maritime communication network coverage and functionality for Lake Victoria

i) Develop Public Private Partnership (PPP) structures with Global Systems Mobile (GSM) telecom operators on extending existing networks

ii) Extend GSM mobile coverage and functionalityiii) Set up High Frequency (HF) radio system for communicating beyond the GSM network range

Specific Objective 2: To operationalize the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) in Mwanza, Tanzania

i) MRCC office remodeling and furnishing;ii) Installation of emergency communication equipment;iii) Develop and establish maritime safety monitoring information system;iv) Recruitment and training of MRCC staff;v) Support MRCC operations and maintenance cost for the initial 2 years;

Specific Objective 3: To establish, equip and strengthen the emergency Search and Rescue(SAR) organization on Lake Victoria

i) SAR station buildings and civil Worksii) Installation of SAR equipment;iii) Recruitment and training of SAR staff;iv) Undertake maritime safety promotion;v) Community baseline and outcome surveysvi) Support SAR station operations and maintenance cost for the initial 2 years;


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION JuNE 2013Specific Objective 4: To strengthen the implementation capacity of the designated agencies

i) Recruitment of Technical Personnelii) Purchase of office facilities and equipmentiii) Operations of the Project Implementation Team (PIT) (logistics, workshops, meetings and

overheads);iv) Monitoring and evaluation, Midterm review (MTR), Project completion report (PCR);v) Project audit

4.3 Expected Outputsi) An effective regional maritime search and rescue system on Lake Victoria established and

operationalized;ii) Improved maritime safety culture among lake users and LVB communities; andiii) LVBC capacity to monitor maritime safety on Lake Victoria strengthened.

4.4 Project Area

Project area is the entire Lake Victoria and its shores covering parts of the EAC Partner States of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.

4.5 time scHeDULe

No. Description 2013 2014 2015 2016Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

1. Resource mobilization2. Extending maritime

communication network3. Establishing MRCC4. Establishment and strengthening

SAR organization5. Strengthening implementation

capacity

4.6 Project BeneficiariesLake Victoria is the major inland water transport linkage for the five EAC Partner States and other countries of the neighborhood region. Issues of maritime safety and security are, therefore, of great concern to those who depend on the lake for their livelihood and as a major linkage for trade. Beneficiaries will, therefore, be: fishermen and their families, commercial shipping operators/passengers, businessmen, fishing industry, lake transport investors, LVB communities and people of the EAC at large.

4.7 Project DesignThe project will support the establishment of an emergency search and rescue system for Lake Victoria primarily through the development of physical infrastructure, acquisition of equipment, capacity building, the initial (i.e. first two years) operations and maintenance of the system and strengthening project coordination.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJuNE 20134.8 Project Implementation ApproachThe MCSLV project is a regional intervention promoted by the five EAC Partner States. LVBC, an institution of the EAC, will be responsible for overall oversight at regional level to guarantee a uniform strategy, keep initial costs low and establish a strong basis for organisational cooperation in future. MRCC will be implemented and operated at LVBC level. Entities identified for implementation of the national SAR centres are: Kenya Maritime Authority, Surface and Marine Transport Regulatory Authority for Tanzania, and the Ministry of Works and Transport for Uganda. They will work closely and coordinate with LVBC in carrying out project activities.

The proposed implementation structure includes: (i) Regional Policy Steering Committee (RPSC), (ii) Technical Committee (TC), (iii) Project Implementation Team (PIT), and (iv)a National Project Unit (PU) in each of the three implementing agencies/institutions. RPSC is responsible for overall policy, constant review, approving work plans and coordination of project implementation. TC will provide technical inputs; review work plans, budgets and progress reports.PIT is responsible for effective coordination, execution and day-to-day management of this project at regional level including financial management, procurement, progress reporting and monitoring. National Project Unit (PU) is proposed for project implementation in each of the participating Partner States to work closely with PIT.

5.0 monitorinG anD eVaLUationThe quarterly reports, including Financial Monitoring Reports, will form the basis of the project monitoring and supervision. The reports will include sources and uses of funds, physical progress, status of procurement activities and community surveys. The compilation of the reports will be the responsibility of the PIT.

LVBC has developed Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) frameworks which will be adapted to guide the progress assessments.


Project Specific Objectives Key activities Amount (US$)

Specific Objective 1: To improve maritime communication network coverage and functionality for Lake Victoria

i) Develop PPP structures with GSM telecom operators on extending existing networks

ii) Extend GSM mobile coverage and functionality

iii) Set up HF radio system for communicating beyond the GSM network range

1,490,000



Project Specific Objectives Key activities Amount (US$)

Specific Objective 2: To operationalize the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania

i) MRCC office remodeling and furnishing;

ii) Installation of emergency communication equipment;

iii) Develop and establish maritime safety monitoring information system;

iv) Recruitment and training of MRCC staff;

v) Support MRCC operations and maintenance cost for the initial 2 years;

2,084,000

Specific Objective 3: To establish, equip and strengthen the emergency search and rescue organization on Lake Victoria

i) SAR station buildings and civil Works

ii) Installation of SAR equipment;

iii) Recruitment and training of SAR staff;

iv) Undertake maritime safety promotion;

v) Community baseline and outcome surveys

vi) Support SAR station operations and maintenance cost for the initial 2 years;

5,176,000

Specific Objective 4: To strengthen the implementation capacity of the designated agencies

i) Recruitment of Technical Personnel

ii) Office facilities and equipment

iii) Operations of the PIT (logistics, workshops, meetings and overheads);

iv) Monitoring and evaluation, MTR PCR;

v) Project audit

1,478,000

Total Project Budget 10,228,000



014 - DeVeLoPment of Ports anD maritime transPort on Lake Victoria - ProJect concePt note

Project Title DEVELOPMENT OF PORTS AND MARITIME TRANSPORT ON LAKE VICTORIA

Sr. No.014

Implementing Agency

LVBC Secretariat jointly with the EAC Partner States

Goal and Objectives Project goal: To accelerate economic growth, socio-economic development and EAC regional integration.

Project objectives:i) To improve navigation safety on Lake Victoriaii) To modernize Lake Victoria ports, landing sites and cargo handling

facilitiesIntroduction and relevance to the Protocol and LVBC Strategic Plan

Lake Victoria is important for regional trade and communication between the EAC countries and can greatly contribute to the sustainable development agenda for the Lake Victoria Basin. Improved maritime transport on Lake Victoria offers one of the best options for stimulating socio-economic growth in the region. It has great economic stimulus potential and is also environmentally friendly.

The EAC is committed to open trade development and poverty reduction in the region. In this regard, the promotion of investment in infrastructural development and in particular maritime transport is a priority as it reduces import/export costs, improves the quality of rural life and deepens integration.

The project is in line with Articles (3) (h), (11), (28), (29), (31) and (32) of the Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin and will contribute to developmental objective D7 of the LVBC Strategic Plan 2011-2016 by promoting investment in maritime transport and improving safety of navigation in Lake Victoria.


Need for the project is well articulated in the:i) Study on Integrated Transport Strategy for Lakes Tanganyika and

Victoriaii) EAC Transport Strategy 2011iii) State of the River Nile Basin 2012, andiv) ECA Report on the Evaluation of the Condition of Major Ports on Lake

Victoria



Specific Objectives i) To undertake feasibility study & detailed engineering designsii) To establish maritime emergency services, survey shipping routes and

install aids to navigationiii) To modernize port infrastructure construction (including flagship lake

transport developments identified by LVB stakeholders, namely, oil terminal facilities at principal ports; and fuel tank storage)

iv) To provide cargo handling equipment at the portsv) To strengthen port operations and management

Expected Outputs iv) Reduced transport costs for imports/exports to landlocked EAC Partner States and neighboring countries in the region;

v) Improved lake transport operations; andvi) Increased investment in the maritime transport infrastructure,

modern vessels, tourism and water sports.Current Status Project concept has been developed and both technical and financial

support is requested for preparatory activities and implementationEstimated Project Costs

USD 105,658,000 (United States Dollars One hundred five million six hundred fifty eight thousand)

Lake Victoria Basin Commission SecretariatJune, 2013Kisumu, KENYA



1.0. introDUction anD BackGroUnDLake Victoria is the second largest freshwater lake in the world. The Lake has a surface area of about 68,800 km2 which is shared between the EAC Partner States of Kenya (6%), Uganda (43%) and Tanzania (51%). The catchment area of the lake which includes parts of Rwanda and Burundi is 193,000 km2. The lake is an important shared natural resource of the EAC region, supports some of the largest freshwater fisheries in Africa. It is one of the oldest lakes in the world and is renowned for its biodiversity and scenic beauty. Approximately 40 million inhabitants live and derive livelihood from the Basin.

Lake Victoria Basin has potential to spur social and economic development of the EAC, in sectors such as fishery, agriculture, tourism, water supply, transport, mining, trade and investment in maritime transport development. It is also key for regional trade and communication between the EAC countries and can fully contribute to the sustainable development agenda for LVB. In view of the above, the East African Community (EAC) recognizes the Lake Victoria Basin as an economic growth zone that could best be exploited jointly in order to maximize economic and social benefits while at the same time providing for an effective environmental management and protection. The EAC/LVBC strategies for sustainable socio-economic development of Lake Victoria Basin are guided by: the Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin, 4th EAC Development Strategy, EAC Transport Strategy, EAC Common Market Protocol and the 2nd LVBC Strategic Plan.

In order to improve the business environment for lake transport and attract the much needed investment, LVBC is implementing a range of initiatives including:

1) Harmonized legislation in the EAC Partner States is in place with the enactment of the Lake Victoria Transport Act 2007 and approval of Maritime Safety Regulations which came into operation on July 1, 2011.

2) The pilot hydrographic survey of the 3 major ports on the lake (Kisumu, Mwanza and Port Bell) and preparation of navigation charts to ensure safe shipping within these ports were completed in 2010.

3) Navigation safety is being addressed through assistance from development partners by the on-going: (i) survey and mapping of selected marine transport routes; (ii) installation of aids to navigation equipment; and (iii) training on implementation of a contingency plan for the oil spills and hazardous wastes management in Lake Victoria.

EAC/LVBC has formulated the Maritime Communications for Safety on Lake Victoria project to address the search and rescue system. Preparatory activities were undertaken through assistance from AfDB and informed the development of this proposal that seeks to mobilize resources to develop infrastructure for maritime transport on the Lake.

2.0 ProBLem statementMaritime transport on Lake Victoria offers one of the best options for stimulating socio-economic growth due to its cost advantages, efficiency and limited environmental impacts. EAC is committed to open trading development and poverty reduction in the region. In this regard, the promotion of infrastructural development and in particular maritime transport is a priority as it reduces import/export costs, improves the quality of rural life and deepens integration.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION JuNE 2013Public and private operators provide inland water transport services on Lake Victoria connecting major towns around the lake with direct road and rail links to the region. Main lake ports are Kisumu, Port bell, Jinja, Mwanza, Bukoba and Musoma. Inland waterway shipping on Lake Victoria has the potential to play a key role in the regional transport network as it integrates with road and railway services. However, current lake transport means are uncompetitive and unable to fulfill their role in facilitating regional trade and free movement of goods and people due to lack of investment in the sub-sector. Most of the existing ports have poor handling facilities, poor maritime safety, deteriorated port infrastructure, silted port approaches, inadequate cargo handling equipment and obsolete vessels. Arising from this situation, landlocked EAC countries of Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda as well as DRC have no alternative but to use the more expensive road transport for import/export of containers, petroleum products, and bulk traffic.

3.0. ProJect JUstification anD siGnificanceIt is acknowledged that the rail/lake transport option is the most cost effective route to the sea for the EAC Partner States of Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda. However, since the use of Lake Victoria maritime transport is constrained, traffic for Burundi, DRC, Rwanda and Uganda has shifted to the all road route increasing the transport cost for imports/exports by up to 150%. This creates a negative impact on trade within the region. Development of maritime transport in Lake Victoria is, therefore, important for enhancing the region’s trade competitiveness and deepening integration.

The management, maintenance and development of existing lake ports have suffered from a prolonged lack of investment and they have deteriorated over the years. They are now in need of rehabilitation.

There are some large urban centres on the shores of the lake but the area is, to a great extent, populated by fishing communities living in rural villages and remote islands. Although there are numerous landing sites offering basic facilities to fishing boats and canoes that double up as passenger and general goods carriers, access to reliable transport remains a challenge. Some landing sites may be expanded and developed for transportation of goods and passengers in order to open up rural areas and make cheap water transport available to the communities.

The need for the project is well articulated in the: (i).Study on Integrated Transport Strategy for Lakes Tanganyika and Victoria, (ii) EAC Transport Strategy 2011, (iii) State of the River Nile Basin 2012, and (iv) ECA Report on the Evaluation of the Condition of Major Ports on Lake Victoria. Re-developing the water transport on Lake Victoria is, therefore, necessary for effective exploitation of both the Northern and Central corridor routes to full potential. It is anticipated that as a result of improved infrastructure, maritime transport on the lake will be placed in a competitive position to attract increased investment, enhance socio-economic growth, facilitate efficient regional trade and accelerate integration. The national governments will benefit from reduced maintenance costs on major trunk roads and reduced road accidents due to the expected shift of traffic to the cheaper, environmentally sound and safer maritime transport system.

4.0. ProJect DescriPtion4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveThe goal of the project is to accelerate economic growth, socio-economic development and EAC regional integration in the Lake Victoria Basin. Project developmental objectives are: (i) to improve navigation safety on Lake Victoria, and (ii) to modernize Lake Victoria ports, landing sites and cargo handling facilities.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJuNE 20134.2 Description of Project ComponentsThe project comprises the development and rehabilitation of maritime transport infrastructure in the Lake Victoria Basin, including associated navigable rivers. The initiative will specifically focus on: port infrastructure and equipment, navigation safety, navigability and environmental impact assessment. Key components of the intervention include:

i) Technical feasibility study, engineering design and documentation;ii) Project appraisal work;iii) Environmental and social impact assessment;iv) Construction and equipment.

4.2.1. Technical FeasibilityThe proposed engineering feasibility study is intended to specifically address the following issues:

i) Rehabilitation and development needs of existing Lake Victoria main ports to increase competitiveness, including mooring/fenders systems;

ii) Upgrading of landing sites to open up rural communities;iii) Requirements for dredging the channel entrance in the main ports and design of the port entrance

to allow safe in/out maneuvers;iv) Cargo handling and port/ship discharge services;v) Gaps in navigation safety environment including: nautical charts, aids to navigation, emergency

services, alerts;vi) Security improvements during navigation and while in ports;vii) Detailed designs with cost estimates and comprehensive tender documentation; andviii) Prepare a prioritized implementation schedule showing regional and national components that

can be carried out independently.

4.2.2 Project Appraisal Worki) Traffic forecasts;ii) Economic analysis;iii) Profitability analysis for landlocked countries;iv) Social and environmental screening; andv) Risk review.

4.2.3 Environmental and Social Impact Assessmenti) Identify key environmental and social issues associated with the proposed interventions;ii) Establish mitigation measures for negative impacts while enhancing the positive aspects;iii) Address mitigation measures for environmental protection including: preventing spills, improving

waste reception facilities, providing necessary disposal facilities and continuous monitoring of environmental conditions at the Lake Victoria main ports

4.2.4 Construction and EquipmentThis component will comprise the short and long term interventions necessary to make the maritime transport on Lake Victoria competitive and attractive for further investment. It will entail physical construction, acquisition of equipment and establishment of operations/maintenance structures.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION JuNE 20134.3 Expected Results

i) Trade, socio-economic development and regional integration of the five EAC Partner States accelerated.

ii) Modern maritime transport infrastructure for Lake Victoria established and efficiently managed.iii) Navigation safety and security environment on Lake Victoria improved

4.4 Project AreaThe project will be implemented in Lake Victoria, its shores and associated navigable rivers.

4.5 Project designThe project is proposed to be implemented over two years in two parts, with feasibility and detailed design being in the first part; and physical implementation of infrastructural works in the second part. Physical implementation may be divided into two stages, with phase 1 being the short term interventions and phase II being long term interventions. Phase I will consist of rehabilitation of existing facilities if any and small new works that would enhance maritime services. This will be part of the buy-in for stakeholders and PPP ownership of the project. Phase II would address the full infrastructural requirements for maritime transport in Lake Victoria.

The project will be implemented over a period of 48 months for the short term works and up to 96 months for the long term initiatives.

4.6 Project Implementation ApproachThe program is a regional intervention that includes the five partner states and is in line with the strategic priorities of the LVBC and the national sector programs of each partner state. Due to the nature of the program and the regional approach for the conception, time framework and implementation, it is expected that the intervention will be through a program mode and the implementation will use LVBC, national institutions and the private sector.

4.6 Beneficiariesi) Investors;ii) Commercial shipping operators;iii) Maritime lake passengers and regional business community;iv) Fishermen and families;v) LVB communities and the people of EAC.

5.0 estimateD ProJect BUDGetThe estimate budget, in USD, is based on the EAC Transport Strategy and the report on Central Development Corridor Integrated Transport Strategy for Lakes Tanganyika and Victoria. It is detailed below:

i) Feasibility study & detailed design 3,233,000ii) Emergency search and rescue 10,000,000iii) Dredging, port construction 48,425,000iv) Cargo handling equipment 30,000,000v) Operations and management 9,000,000vi) Project management 5,000,000vii) Total 105,658,000



015 - inteGrateD aQUacULtUre for smaLL scaLe farmers anD caGe cULtUre DeVeLoPment in Lake Victoria Basin - ProJect concePt note

Project Title Integrated Aquaculture for Small Scale Farmers and Cage Culture Development in Lake Victoria Basin

Sr. No. 015

Implementing Agency LVBC Secretariat jointly with the EAC Partner States


Project Goal: To promote aquaculture production through integrated aquaculture and cage culture development

Project objective: To increase fish production through support to Integrated fish farming and cage culture enterprises.


The project is designed around the 4th EAC Development Strategy (2011-2016) as stipulated in Articles 5, 7, 9 of the Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin that provides on how the partner states shall manage, develop and utilize fishery resources. Interventions here will focus on promotion of integrated aquaculture and cage culture so as to meet the goals of poverty reduction and sustainable development. This project addresses two key result areas in the LVBC Strategic Plan 2011 - 2016: (i) to support sustainable development, utilization and management of the fishery resources in the basin; and (ii) to promote an enabling environment for investments, employment creation and generation of household incomes.


Project Rationale:i) Integrated fish farming is acknowledged as economically viable,

environmentally and socially friendly.ii) Integrated aquaculture and cage culture is currently practiced

in the basin albeit at a low scale with some governments giving subsidies to support farmers who now grow fish in addition to livestock and crops.

iii) Aquaculture is poorly integrated with other agricultural activities resulting in low farm yields and inefficient utilization of bio-resources.

iv) Potential for cage culture within the lake basin is great and hitherto largely unexploited.

v) Investment into cage culture will immensely contribute towards fish production while assuring investors of guaranteed returns.

vi) Production through Integrated Aquaculture and Cage Culture will alleviate pressure on capture fishery resources by establishing alternative sources of fish, employment and income.

Preparatory Studies:i) Baseline studyii) GIS suitability mapping




i) To build capacity for farmers in integrated fish farming in selected communities through training and basic materials/tools support.

ii) To technically assist fish farmers through infrastructural establishment of integrated aquaculture production farms

iii) To increase fishery production through establishment of integrated aquaculture production farms and smooth implementation of production activities.

iv) To increase household incomes of communities through establishment of business enterprises and value addition of aquaculture fishery products along the marketing chain.

v) To support cage culture development through creation of favorable investment atmosphere and support to community cage culture ventures.

Expected Results i) Increased capacity for farmers in integrated fish farming;ii) Increased fish production from integrated aquaculture and cage

culture systems;iii) Increased investment in cage culture enterprisesiv) Increased household incomes of communities;v) More employment opportunities createdvi) Reduced pressure on capture fishery resources.

Duration Five years

Estimated Project Cost

USD 14,500,000

LVBC SecretariatJune, 2013,KISUMU, KENYA



1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDIn the world today, aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector at an annual growth rate of 10% in the last two decades (FAO, 2009). Ninety percent of this growth has been most evident in Asia which has a long history in aquaculture and has the greatest varieties of fish grown in culture systems. Integrated aquaculture and cage culture are the best options for increasing fish production that guarantee investment returns both at community and at commercial levels. Integrated farming involving aquaculture is the concurrent or sequential linkage between two or more activities, of which at least one is aquaculture and where the linkage has synergistic rather than additive effects and the fish and livestock components may benefit to varying degrees (Little and Edwards, 2003). It involves the recirculation of nutrients within the system of mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus. It is also in Asia where the integration of fish and other livestock and or crops is best established (Little and Edwards, 2003). According to an analysis by Little and Edwards (2003), in China, the ancestral home of aquaculture, much of the vast increase in China’s recent inland aquaculture production is linked to organic fertilization, provided by the equally dramatic growth of poultry and pig production. In the study it was noted that despite the rapid industrialization and urbanization, livestock-fish systems have retained a relative advantage over intensive aquaculture for production of low-cost carps and tilapias. This may be due to the competition for the use of supplementary feeds, such as rice bran and oil cakes that when given an option of feeding fish and livestock the latter is given priority, besides the prices are going up every day.

In Africa efforts to stimulate growth in the aquaculture sector are beginning to pay off as more countries embrace the technology and provide subsidies to boost yields. To attain maximum productivity often means the establishment of capital-intensive large-scale ventures in an environment where sources of financing are few. However, it is possible to establish a profitable fish farming venture within the already existing systems even on small holder farms in an integrated manner. Integrated Aquaculture-Agriculture (IAA) may increase yield in cases where the classical methods of improving farm output have either failed or are unsustainable (Brummett, 1995). Cage culture is also a very productive form of aquaculture practised in the reservoirs (de Silva, 1988, 1992). Ultra high yields can often be realized. For instance in Indonesia a 4-year period aquaculture research, demonstration, extension, and training programmes were conducted to support fish cage aquaculture around the Saguling and Cirata reservoirs. The impact was that the system was able to employ 7 527 persons in a period of 4 years. At the end of 1996, total aquaculture production was nearly 25 000 metric tons

Cage culture was introduced on a test basis in sub-Saharan Africa in the 1980s when momentum for aquaculture development grew and the need for aquaculture research received government recognition as part of national development plans (Masser, 1988). According to Blow and Leonard (2007) cage culture is a promising enterprise as compared to other systems. In Sub Saharan Africa aquaculture is going through a major growth phase that is focussed on its very large potential for production in order to meet the demand for local as well as the export market. Lately, there has been the promotion of integrated agriculture aquaculture where the socio-cultural and economic factors important in promoting aquaculture development have been given prominence. Asian countries are leading in this venture with some African countries such as Malawi having successful adopted small scale pond aquaculture by supporting a growing number of small holder farmers as an integral part of their farming practice (Brummett and Noble 1995).


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION JuNE 2013In East Africa land tenure comprises mainly small holder farms which can only permit small scale agriculture involving crop and/or animal husbandry. However, these can easily be integrated with fish culture, yielding higher total production and efficiency. The actual and potential contribution of integrated aquaculture to sustainable livelihoods of the rural folk in East Africa has been assessed with encouraging results (Getabu et al., 2008). Farmers engaged in a study involving IAA in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania for a period of three years (2005 -2008) showed a general willingness among the farmers to adopt high yielding technologies but lacked the knowhow and capital (Getabuet al., 2008). The inclusion of fish farming in small holder farming systems has been shown to improve the utilization of resources like water, farm by-products, land and labour (Wetengere, 2010b). Pond water for instance does not only serve farmed fish but also irrigate homestead crops and supply water for animals.

In this project, we propose to support integrated agro-pisciculture using polyculture of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) and/ or catfsh (Clariasgariepinus), livestock and various crops based on the farmer needs and interests for the sustainability and continuity of the venture. The proposed technology is low cost and is appropriate to the resource base of the small scale farms within the Lake Victoria basin. Food supply and income will be significantly increased if farmers’ are supported through infrastructure, and resource management skills are improved through training, provision of basic inputs, on farm research and extension services.

2.0 ProBLem statementThe majority of the population in the Lake Victoria basin is composed of rural poor small-scale farmers whose livelihoods depend on capture fishery and seasonal rain-fed crops namely grain (maize, millet and sorghum), vegetables and fruits. Under such fragile socio-economic and environmental conditions external input farming is not sustainable and increases risk due to climatic changes. By increasing availability of water throughout the year, crop production can be increased with the optimized bio-resources re-circulated and utilized to support integrated fish farming and other on farm agricultural activities through an Integrated Resource Management approach (IRM). This requires low levels of inputs and falls within semi-intensive aquaculture management.

To deal with the existing poverty and hunger that these farmers and their families face in their daily struggle for survival requires simple technological and material support that considers already existing resources that promise sustainability. One of the most viable options for economically and ecologically sustainable development of farming systems is the integration of agriculture and aquaculture.

Currently, there are no linkages between livestock and fish production that ideally should involve the direct use of livestock wastes, as well as the recycling of manure-based nutrients which function as fertilizers to stimulate natural food webs. Existing livestock production and processing in the basin assures this project the generation of by-products that may be important inputs for aquaculture.

Investment into cage culture has been minimal within the basin despite the availability of water, potential and resulting benefits in food availability, employment and health.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificance Over the last three decades, there had been a decline in fish productions from the capture fisheries of Lake Victoria with no signs of this fishery recovering in the near future. This problem has been aggravated


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJuNE 2013by the advent of climatic changes which has distorted the fish breeding and fish markets. Aquaculture potential in the lake basin is enormous (currently contributing less than 3.5 % to the regions’ fishery while it has potential to contribute close to 50 % output) and its utilization requires moderate investment and technology. It is therefore imperative to aggressively promote aquaculture development in the lake basin. Aquaculture, being a food production sub sector, can positively contribute towards food security, generate income and create the much needed gainful employment.

Most of the riparian communities are now burdened with high poverty levels, diseases, orphans, lack targeted opportunities among others. Due to the decreasing land sizes within the region, communities have now realized the need to introduce small scale farming activities with high value and returns. Furthermore, the high demand of fish and fish products in the region and beyond has more than before demonstrated the need to promote off the lake fishing and hence the need for integrated aquaculture.

Little and Edwards 2003, observed that Livestock-fish production systems develop to satisfy needs if they fit into the resource base or environment, and if they are socially and economically viable. (Integrated aquaculture agriculture (IAA) will not be a new concept as some farmers within the Lake Victoria basin already practice it albeit to a low scale. Already some farmers in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania are practicing it and with the government subsidies. Many now have a fish pond (semi-intensive) in addition to other livestock and crops. Besides, fish farming is practised as a supplementary source of protein and lately, income, but is poorly integrated with other agricultural activities. Consequently, overall farm yields are low and the bio-resources are not efficiently utilized.

This project is expected to build capacity for selected farmers in the region so they can be able to concentrate the bio-resources on the farm to increase yield through integration of the different farm components. This will involve support through provision of the technical knowhow as well as improved use of inputs for the integration which will involve crops, livestock, agro-forestry and aquaculture (a holistic approach of farm activities). The projects will also address shortcomings due to non-establishment of cage culture.Specific areas be addressed are challenges that have prevented adoption of fish production through integrated aquaculture and cage culture. These include;

i) No suitability mapping exists for either Integrated or cage culture for proper systematic planning and to guide potential culturists/investors.

ii) Projects in cage culture are developing haphazardly and in very few areas within the basin where market access was good, rather than where the environment is suitable.

iii) There is no adequate training to prospective culturists to ensure that cage culture forms sustainable enterprises both in the lakes and reservoirs within the basin.

iv) Lack of infrastructure and marketing that prevents or limits post-harvest losses in many potential areas within the basin exist. Inadequacies of facilities for landing, chilling, storage and processing of fish and for distribution needs to be developed.

v) At the policy level, policy makers are not aware of the importance of inland fish production for food supplies and livelihood. Within the LVB, integrated and cage culture in homesteads, reservoirs or lakes suffer from the absence or inadequacy of institutional support and defined rights, resulting in difficulties in obtaining political and financial support for establishing, monitoring and managing fisheries projects.

The project shall address these challenges through strategies stipulated in the specific objectives.



4.0 ProJect DescriPtion

4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveThe goal of the project is to promote aquaculture production through integrated aquaculture and cage culture development. The specific objectives are to:

i) To build capacity for farmers in integrated fish farming in selected communities through training and basic materials/tools support.

ii) To technically assist fish farmers through infrastructural establishment of integrated aquaculture production farms.

iii) To increase fishery production through establishment of integrated aquaculture production farms and smooth implementation of production activities.

iv) To increase household incomes of communities through establishment of business enterprises and value addition of aquaculture fishery products along the marketing chain.

v) To support cage culture development through creation of favorable investment atmosphere and support to community cage culture ventures

4.2 Description of activities per objectiveObjective 1: To build capacity for farmers in integrated fish farming through training and basic materials/tools support;

i) Collect information (baseline study) on current status of Integrated aquaculture development in the LVB

ii) Assess the acreage of land suitable/available for aquaculture development through production of aquaculture suitability map for the LVB.

iii) Zone the lake basin into cluster areas, establish, register, train and make operational the aquaculture production clusters for fish farmers and associated households.

iv) Develop an integrated aquaculture training curriculum for fish farmers with components of Environmental Conservation and Agri-business Skills.

v) Conduct group training programmes on integrated fish farming and aqua-business for farmer cluster groups.

vi) Support establishment of fish farmers groups and eventually transform them into clusters to enhance coordination of activities for marketing fish and fishery by-products.

vii) Support establishment of partnerships and linkages between fish farmers’ clusters and the relevant government departments and other stakeholders

Objective 2: To technically assist fish farmers through infrastructural establishment of integrated aquaculture production farms and smooth implementation of production activities.

i) Expand the existing fish ponds to a minimum surface area of 300 m2 per pond (where individual land permits).

ii) Harness water at household level to further enhance sustainable aquaculture and other related agri-businesses.

iii) Support development of cluster action plans for integrated aqua culturists in the LVB.iv) Improve the production capacity of existing fish seed producing farms to provide adequate

numbers of fingerlings per year.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJuNE 2013v) Operationalize at least ten(10) hatcheries in the selected cluster pilot farms within the LVB.vi) Support planting of 50,000 trees by the cluster groups.

Objective 3: To increase fishery production through establishment of integrated aquaculture production farms and smooth implementation of production activities.

i) In conjunction with government agencies and key stakeholders, assist cluster farmers in the production process through provision of fish seed, supplementary feed and technical advice.

Objective 4: To increase household incomes of communities by value addition of aquaculture fishery products along the marketing chain.

i) To train farmers on value addition of fish from aquaculture so as to access niche markets and attract premium prices.

ii) To develop regional guidelines for the production of aquaculture products from both organic and inorganic aquaculture systems.

iii) Assist the fish farmers in forming marketing clusters and accessing financial institutions for credit in putting up retail centers equipped with deep freezers and tightly sealed cool boxes.

iv) Further develop capacity to access markets for fish and fishery products regionally and internationally such as the EU to absorb glut production from the aquaculture sub-sector as may become necessary.

v) Strengthening of Associations and Fish Farming Cooperative Societies to enable availability of credit to fish farmers and the small scale traders.

Objective 5: To support cage culture development through creation of favourable investment atmosphere and support to community cage culture ventures.

i) Carry out baseline study on cage culture within the LVB.ii) Produce a GIS suitability map of cage culture for the basin.iii) Support community initiatives in cage culture.iv) Review policies and institutional structures so as to encourage investment and cage culture

practice.v) Carry out training in cage culture for communities.vi) Sensitization campaigns to encourage culture fishery vs capture fishery

4.3 Expected Outputsi) Increased capacity for farmers in integrated fish farming;ii) Increased fish production from integrated aquaculture and cage culture systems;iii) Increased investment in cage culture enterprises.iv) Increased household incomes of communities.v) More employment opportunities created.vi) Reduced pressure on capture fishery resources.

4.4 Project AreaFor Integrated Aquaculture and cage culture, the project will be implemented in ten pilot clusters within the Lake Victoria Basin in the five partner states. The criteria for selection of pilot clusters will include:

i) Existing individual farmers practicing aquaculture


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION JuNE 2013ii) Existing agricultural activities relevant to integrated aquaculture. iii) Aquaculture potentiality of the cluster area which can be at a profitable scale.iv) Cage culture potentiality of the selected area.v) Evidence of demand for aquaculture products.vi) Individual’s willingness to invest in integrated aquaculture or cage culture enterprises.

4.5 Project designThe proposed project is designed to enable farmers especially women and the youth to start participating and practicing in viable aquaculture enterprises for food production as well as for job and wealth creation.

This will be a five- year project to be implemented in two distinct phases namely the preliminary phase and the implementation phase. The preliminary phase will entail situational analysis, planning, infrastructure development and initiation of production activities. The implementation phase will encompass development of institutional frameworks and structures, capacity building, production and interventions.

4.6 Project implementation ApproachThe project will be implemented in all the five partner states. Implementation will involve existing fish farmers, communities, relevant government departments, LVBC and other stakeholders. LVBC will coordinate (establishment of institutional frameworks, capacity building, implementation processes).Selected cluster groups will provide human capital and other material resources. Government agencies and other stakeholders will provide technical support and also oversee implementation to ensure further sustainability of project.

5.0 monitorinG anD eVaLUationMonitoring and Evaluation (M&E) will form an integral part of the project planning and implementation process. The process will adopt the following approach;

i) Carry out at least one quarterly monitoring and evaluation exercise at the cluster levelsii) Carry out at least two monitoring and evaluation exercises per year at the national leveliii) Prepare monitoring and evaluation reports

A mid-term evaluation will be undertaken after 2½ years of project implementation. The midterm evaluation will determine and provide information on whether the project is on course to achieve planned activities and set targets. An M & E will be conducted at the end of five years. It will also determine the extent to which the project outcomes will have been achieved. The project will undertake a situation analysis that will provide baseline information for future evaluations.



6.0 estimateD ProJect BUDGetThe project is expected to cost is US$ 10 million. This cost will cover: project preparation, purchase of equipment/materials for pilot interventions, construction of pilot infrastructure, capacity building, operations and maintenance, coordination and contingencies.

Project Objectives Key activities Total Budget (US$)

Objective 1: To build the capacity for farmers in integrated fish farming through training and basic materials/tools support;

i) Collect information (baseline study) on current status of Integrated aquaculture development in the LVB

ii) Assess the acreage of land suitable/available for aquaculture development through production of aquaculture suitability map for the LVB.

iii) Zone the lake basin into cluster areas, establish, register, train and make operational the aquaculture production clusters for fish farmers and associated households.

iv) Develop an integrated aquaculture training curriculum for fish farmers with components of Environmental Conservation and Agri-business Skills.

v) Conduct group training programmes on integrated fish farming and aqua-business for farmer cluster groups.

vi) Support establishment of fish farmers groups and eventually transform them into clusters to enhance coordination of activities for marketing fish and fishery by-products.

vii) Support establishment of partnerships and linkages between fish farmers’ clusters and the relevant government departments and other stakeholders

1,200,000

Objective2: To increase fishery production through infrastructural establishment of integrated aquaculture production centers and smooth implementation of production activities.

i) Expand the existing fish ponds to a minimum surface area of 300 m2 per pond (where individual land permits).

ii) Harness water at household level to further enhance sustainable aquaculture and other related agri-businesses.

iii) Support development of cluster action plans for integrated aqua culturists in the LVB.

iv) Improve the production capacity of existing fish seed producing farms to provide adequate numbers of fingerlings per year.

v) Operationalize at least ten (10) hatcheries in the selected cluster pilot farms within the LVB.

vi) Support planting of 50,000 trees by the cluster groups.

5,200,000



Project Objectives Key activities Total Budget (US$)

Objective 3: To increase fishery production through establishment of integrated aquaculture production farms and smooth implementation of production activities.

i) In conjunction with government agencies and key stakeholders, assist cluster farmers in the production process through provision of fish seed, supplementary feed and technical advice.

2,300,000

Objective 4: To increase household incomes of communities by value addition of aquaculture fishery products along the marketing chain.

i) To train farmers on value addition of fish from aquaculture so as to access niche markets and attract premium prices.

ii) To develop regional guidelines for the production of aquaculture products from both organic and inorganic aquaculture systems.

iii) Assist the fish farmers in forming marketing clusters and accessing financial institutions for credit in putting up retail centers equipped with deep freezers and tightly sealed cool boxes.

iv) Further develop capacity to access markets for fish and fishery products regionally and internationally such as the EU to absorb glut production from the aquaculture sub-sector as may become necessary.

v) Strengthening of Associations and Fish Farming Cooperative Societies to enable availability of credit to fish farmers and the small scale traders.

300,000

Objective 5: To support cage culture development through creation of favourable investment atmosphere and support to community cage culture ventures.

i) Carry out baseline study on cage culture within the LVB.ii) Produce a GIS suitability map of cage culture for the

basin.iii) Support community initiatives in cage culture.iv) Review policies and institutional structures so as to

encourage investment and cage culture practice.v) Carry out training in cage culture for communities.vi) Sensitization campaigns to encourage culture fishery vs

capture fishery

4,000,000

Sub-total 13,000,000Project Coordination and M&E

1,500,000

GRAND TOTAL (USD)

14,500,000



016 - sUstainaBLe cLimate smart aGricULtUre in tHe Lake Victoria Basin - ProJect concePt note

Project Title Sustainable Climate Smart Agriculture In The Lake Victoria Basin

Sr. No 016

Implementing Agency Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat jointly with the relevant ministries and Climate Change coordination units in all the five Partner States of the EAC, and relevant non-state stakeholders in the LVB

Goal and overall Objective of the project

Project Goal: To increase resilience of the Agricultural Sector to climate change shocks while contributing to poverty alleviation and food security in the LVB

Project Objective: To promote sustainable land use practices that enhance agricultural production and ensure food security in the face of climate change.

Introduction and relevance to the Protocol and LVBC Strategic Plan 2011-2016

One of the greatest challenges in the Lake Victoria Basin now, is how to tackle poverty while combating climate change. Climatic events have serious impacts on economic sectors that are highly dependent on the climate sensitive resources and systems. Agriculture is one such sector in which poverty and food insecurity are linked to low agricultural productivity due to poor soil fertility, improper choice of agriculture methods and low levels of required skills for maximum yields. The First LVB Climate Change strategy that is customized from the EAC climate Change strategy recognises this and sets out “to promote a vibrant and climate resilient Lake Victoria Basin ecosystem and economy, populated by an empowered community with an enhanced adaptive capacity”. This project aims to contribute to attainment of this vision while responding to two key result area of the LVBC Strategic Plan 2011 – 2016: (i) To enhance management of ecosystems, natural resources including climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies; and (ii) Investment and sustainable livelihoods promoted




Agricultural production is the mainstay of the Basin’s economy in terms of food security, income generation and employment. The largest proportion of this production depends on seasonal precipitation patterns. Projected changes in the level, frequency and distribution of rainfall magnify the vulnerability of this sector. High population growth and human interventions have resulted in increased demand for food and raw materials for various uses, while climate change impacts present an additional challenge to the sector. Resilience of the agricultural sector to these impacts will serve the dual purpose of increasing productivity and fostering industrial development and trade with the LVB region

Preparatory studiesi) LVB Climate Change Strategyii) FAO (2011) Climate Smart Agriculture: a synthesis of empirical

evidence of food security and mitigation benefits from improved cropland management.

iii) Vulnerability Assessment to Climate Change in the LVBSpecific Objectives/Strategies

i) Carry out applied training and research in climate change threats, and smart adaptive responses in the agricultural sector,

ii) To identify, formulate and implement climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in agriculture for selected vulnerable regions within the Basin

iii) Support policy harmonization, and policy influencing platforms for climate smart agriculture in the Basin

iv) Promote Information sharing and knowledge management regarding climate smart agriculture

Expected Results i) Capacity in sustainable Climate Smart Agriculture in the Lake Victoria basin Built through applied training and research;

ii) Increased adoption of appropriate agricultural practices that are sustainable and climate smart;

iii) The concepts of climate smart agriculture mainstreamed in agricultural production, extension, and marketing policies across the EAC region; and

iv) Lessons and experiences on sustainable climate smart agriculture captures and shared to facilitate learning and knowledge transfer.

Current Status Project Concept note prepared Project Duration One year development; four year ImplementationEstimated Project Cost

Project development USD 200,000Project implementation USD 23,530,000

LVBC SECRETARIATJune, 2013KISUMU, KENYA



1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDIncreasing threat of climate change, manifested in the extreme weather conditions such as droughts and floods, is currently a major global issue as it is increasingly becoming a challenge to food security and sustainable development, particularly in developing countries. Impacts of climate change are broad as they not only affect the physical environment, but also the economic and social development across regions, socio groups and sexes with developing countries being the most affected due in part, to their lower adaptive capacities. East Africa and the Lake Victoria Basin in particular are characterized by changing climate patterns which makes it difficult to predict possible cycles of recurrence. This increased climate variability, coupled with the high dependences of the region’s economies on agriculture and the unsustainable consumption of natural resources, has created the potential for dramatic negative consequences of global climate change. This has imposed an economic burden on the people and the environment. Agriculture is the most important economic sector of many developing countries. Agricultural production systems are expected to produce food for a global population that will amount to 9.1 billion people in 2050 and over 10 billion by the end of the century (UNFPA 2011). However, the agricultural sector in the Basin is mostly rain-fed and therefore changes in climate, weather patterns and rainfall significantly affect agriculture and ultimately food security. For instance, it is reported that between 1996 and 2003, there was a steady decline of rainfall of 50 - 150mm per season (March to May) and a corresponding decline in long-cycle crops, such as maize and sorghum (Funk et al, 2005). Therefore, to secure and maintain food security, agricultural systems need to be transformed to increase the productive capacity and stability of agricultural production.

The Lake Victoria is Africa’s largest freshwater source situated in the upper reaches of the Nile River Basin and occupies a lake surface area of approximately 68,870 km2, including a catchment area of 180,950 km2 The Basin is shared by Burundi (7%), Kenya (22%), Rwanda (11%), Tanzania (44%), and Uganda (17%). The complex problem of severe poverty continue to plague the Lake Victoria Region. Poor natural resource management and unsustainable land uses have been cited as key contributing factors to poverty in the Basin. Further, poverty here is associated with a number of interrelated factors including rapid population growth; declining human health, declining agricultural productivity and water quality. The Lake Victoria region has one of the poorest populations of over 40 million people that is projected to increase to 53 million by 2025 and double within the next two decades.

The Lake Victoria Basin has been highlighted as one of the most vulnerable regions to the effects of climate change and climate variability as it affects key socio-economic drivers which are climate sensitive, such as water resources, agricultural productivity, energy generation, transportation system, health, forestry, wildlife, and infrastructure, among others. As a result of this reliance, the economy of the Basin and by extension the five East African Community Partner States are greatly vulnerable and have a low adaptive capacity. Over the past few years, rains have been variable and unpredictable in the Basin. This has led to recurrent droughts, with serious implications on the environment and on the livelihoods of the millions of people living in the Basin. There have been crop failures, severe water supply shortages, reduced water quality and a decline in hydropower generation capacity due to low water levels, aggravated by increased sedimentation. These adverse impacts have exacerbated poverty levels and disrupted socio-economic activities.

According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), East Africa is


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION JuNE 2013already under pressure from climate stresses and is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. To signify the Partner States commitment to join the international community in combating the issue of climate change, each Partner State ratified the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol, respectively. Additionally, each Partner State is associated with the Copenhagen Accord, which will arguably form the basis of any future international climate change agreement post-2012. The dates of association with the Copenhagen Accord are: Burundi, 03rd May 2010; Kenya, 26th May 2010; Rwanda, 29th January 2005; Uganda, 07th March 2010; and United Republic of Tanzania, 03rd February 2010.

More than 80% of Basin region population depends on agricultural practices for their livelihoods and survival. However, the region is frequently affected by food shortages and pockets of hunger despite its huge potential and capacity to produce enough food for regional consumption and large surplus for export to the world market. It is estimated that only 19% of the population is food secure, and that as many as 46% of the population suffers from chronic malnourishment. Rain-fed agriculture will be severely compromised, particularly for subsistence farmers in the Lake Victoria Basin where climate variability is already causing a general decline in most of the subsistence crops. It is estimated that maize yields have decreased by 17% per year as a result of higher temperatures and decreased rainfall. While it is expected that some areas will experience increased yield in some agricultural products, there is expected to be a general decrease in crop production meaning an increased number of people at risk of hunger due to climate change.

2.0 ProBLem statement anD JUstificationThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) highlighted that Africa will be one of the continents that will be hard hit by the impact of climate change due to a increased temperature and water scarcity. The IPCC Report pointed out that there is “very high confidence” that agricultural production and food security in many African countries could be severely affected by climate change and variability. The Report projected that yields of crops in some countries could be reduced as much as 50 percent by 2020, with smallholders being the most affected. In the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB), the increasing effects of climate change, including drought, uncertain rainfall regime, environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity and micro climatic biotopes make the riparian communities, particularly women vulnerable, as their livelihood resources are threatened. Prolonged drought and increased incidences of floods have resulted in predominantly harmful effects at both household and community levels. Community and household vulnerabilities due to this are reflected in crop failure, reduced food production, increase in crop and livestock diseases, water-related diseases and scarcity of water. The LVB is already experiencing major food deficits caused by lower food production in many areas. Many scenarios project decreasing crop yields and diminishing food security. This is evidenced by the number of food insecure months experienced which in some cases is more than six months in a year. Households that have not diversified their crops and rely mainly on maize are more vulnerable since maize has become stunted and succumbed to more pests and diseases in several areas in the Basin. The food insecurity is exacerbated by the heavy post harvest losses due to poor storage and insect pests.

Food insecurity and diminished livelihood options is also driven by a deficit of water resources, emergence of crop diseases, impacts of water pollution on fisheries productivity, and lack of access to affordable fertilizer among the population (Kigeme et al, 2010). Changing water levels in rivers and lakes pose a big risk as some rivers become seasonal and others dry up completely. Rain fed crop and livestock systems supply more than 90% of the food consumed in the region, but production from these rain fed systems are


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJuNE 2013chellenged by temporal variations. Although in some cases the amount of rainfall may be adequate more than 60% goes back to the atmossphere unutilized for any prodcutive purpose, due to little investment in water control systems in the region and lack of adequate storage facilities at household level. Further, the dominant model used by Governments across the East African Community to increase food production has been to advocate for increased use of capital inputs such a fertilizer and pesticides. Governments have therefore, over the years, endavoured to accelerate the timely access to farmers of fertilizer so as to increase the level of use from a current average of 8 kilograms per hectare to an average of at least 50 kilograms per hectare by 2015. This perception fails to take into account the generation of unacceptable levels of environmental damage caused by the inputs and problems of economic feasibility which are the key problems associated with increased use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides. With the low income levels in the Basin, access to fertilizer and appropriate pesticides is a pipe dream for most communities. Livestock production has also been greatly affected by climate change mainly due to scarcity of pasture and inadequate grazing land.

Adaptation is the most feasible option for dealing with climate change and variability. However any effective adaptation is constrained by the LVB’s limited adaptive capacity. Climate change adaptation is a continuous process requiring location-specific response. However, much of the documented information on impact of climate change and its associated variability is at the global level. There is an increasing need for a more organized body of information and knowledge at local and community levels on the location-specific impacts of climate change and variability on the agricultural-based livelihood systems (i.e. smallholder rain-fed agriculture, herders and agro-pastoralists, forest-dependent people) as well as on best practices and options to increase awareness and preparedness for adaptation to climate change. The need for applied training and research to address this gap cannot be overemphasized. Further, many indigenous communities have a wealth of traditional knowledge, expertise, skills and practices related to sustainable agriculture and food production, food security and livelihood. However, the current climate variability and rapid environmental change risks have overwhelmed existing coping adaptation capacity of rural farmers who depend on natural resources. Though there have been several studies on possible improved adaptive strategies, these have been piloted on a small scale and there has been low absorption of production technologies by farmers and in some cases adoption of inappropriate technology. This has in part been attributed to weak research-extension-farmer linkages. A number of other factors can explain this low adaptive capacity within the LVB. These include financial constraints, low education, and few institutions with capacity to deal with adaptation as well as biting poverty in an area where more than 60% of the people live below the poverty line.

Unless we change our approaches to addressing the adverse effects of climate change on agriculture, the region will continue to experience accelerated land degradation, and low yields will continue to be widespread with the resultant effects on overall productivity, food security and poverty levels. By rethinking our approach to focus on technologies that generate both private and public benefits and thus constitute a potentially important means of generating “win-win” solutions to addressing poverty and food insecurity as well as environmental concerns, we will be able to improve the adaptive capacity of the Basin’s community to climate change. In view of this Partner States of the East African Community are giving greater attention to the adoption of sustainable climate smart agricultural technologies. Climate smart agriculture is agriculture that sustainably increases productivity, resilience (adaptation), reduces GHGs (mitigation), and enhances achievement of national food security and development goals (FAO, 2010). The key benefits of these technologies are increasing food production without further depleting


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION JuNE 2013soil and water resources, restoring soil fertility, increasing the resilience of farming systems to climatic risk, and improving their capacity to sequester carbon and mitigate climate change. They can generate productivity increases, cost decreases and higher stability of production.

3.0 ProJect siGnificance The significance and urgency of African countries to adapt to climate change was highlighted by the African leaders at the Fifteenth Session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held in Copenhagen in December 2009. Climate change adaptation offers an opportunity for a multidisciplinary and integrated approach to address climate-related risks which are predicted to impose severe constraints on production in the agriculture sector in many parts of Africa. The East African Community Agriculture and Rural Development Policy (EAC-ARDP) recognizes the importance of eliminating hunger and ensuring sustainable food security within the region as a necessary first step to poverty eradication and consequently a stimulus for economic development and realization of the aspirations of the Treaty establishing the Community. Over sixty per cent of Africans remain directly dependent on agriculture and natural resources for their well-being and agriculture is highly dependent on rainfall patterns which is why the threat of climate change/variability is particularly urgent in Africa (Boko et al, 2007). The East African Community Climate Change Policy and Strategy, which has been domesticated for the Lake Victoria Basin, cognisant of this fact, highlights Climate Change adaptation as a major strategy that should enable agricultural systems to be more resilient to the consequences of climate change. Mitigation on the other hand addresses root causes of climate change, thereby over time limiting the extent and cost of adaptation, as well as the onset of catastrophic changes. Both are needed to adequately respond to the challenges posed by climate change and a number of agricultural management practices can do both, while helping to meet development and food security requirements.

In line with the IPCC call for “planned adaptation”, that is deliberate steps aimed at creating the capacity to cope with climate change impacts (IPCC, 2007), this project proposes climate change adaptation strategies that aim to mitigate and develop appropriate coping measures to address the negative impacts of climate change on agriculture. It will implement effective adaptation strategies and actions that will secure well-being in the face of climate variability, climate change and a wide variety of difficult to predict biophysical and social contingencies. In pursuing this aim, the project proposes to focus on support for the decision-making and capacity building processes that shape social learning, technology transfer, innovation and development pathways. Adaptation is an integrated, flexible process and by integrating adaptation with development planning and actions the project will exploit the complementarities to advance both adaptation and development goals. A key component of climate adaptation involves building resilience. Resilience is the capacity of a system to tolerate disturbance without collapsing into a qualitatively different state that is controlled by a different set of processes: a resilient system can withstand shocks and rebuild itself when necessary. This project ultimately aims to build resilience of the agricultural sector within the Lake Victoria Basin and in so doing contribute to food security and poverty reduction.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion 4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveProject Goal: To increase resilience of the Agricultural Sector to climate change shocks while contributing to poverty alleviation and food security in the LVB


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJuNE 2013Project Objective: To promote sustainable land use practices that enhance agricultural production and ensure food security in the face of climate change

The specific objectives are to:i) Carry out applied training and research in climate change threats, and smart adaptive responses

in the agricultural sector, ii) To identify, formulate and implement climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in

agriculture for selected vulnerable regions within the Basiniii) Support policy harmonization, and policy influencing platforms for climate smart agriculture in the

Basiniv) Promote Information sharing and knowledge management regarding climate smart agriculture

1.2 Description of activities per objective

Objective 1: Carry out applied training and research in climate change threats, and smart adaptive responses in the agricultural sector,In view of the numerous climate risks and potential opportunities presented by climate change and climate variability, it is essential to enhance and strengthen the capability of the Partner States to build resilience. The project under this objective will facilitate targeted capacity building to build the capacity of local communities to help them adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change. It will also build the capacity of national extension and research systems within Partner States to perform their work adequately. To ensure better understanding of the causes and impacts of climate change and to promote the development of scientific, technological, technical, socio-economic and other research related data archives, the project will work with institutions of higher learning to carry out applied research. Activities under this objective will include:

i) Provide financial and technical support to carry out applied research to test and tailor agricultural and agro-forestry practises to diverse agro-ecological zones in the basin;

ii) Support to Masters and PhD level research aimed at providing insight into tools, methods, techniques for dissemination and increased adoption that support climate resilience

iii) capacity building in the acquisition, development and transfer of climate-friendly and resilient technologies;

iv) create centers of excellence close to the farmers that will continue to provide training and support to communities

v) Preparation of Community level training material and carry out training for farmers on sustainable climate smart options and marketing

vi) Carry out school based training to inculcate climate smart responses into them at an early age Objective 2: to identify, formulate and implement climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in agriculture for selected vulnerable regions within the BasinUnder this objective the project will identify best practices in sustainable climate smart agriculture across the region and match them to suitable agro-ecological zones. For selected target areas the project will pilot different practices aimed at increasing and stabilizing crop productivity, increasing system resilience and mitigating climate variability. Where there are successful pilot cases, the project will upscale these initiatives to reach a wider audience or a larger area. These activities will include:

i) Piloting / up scaling conservation agriculture practicesii) Piloting/up scaling agro-forestry practices


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION JuNE 2013iii) Promoting enterprise diversification to include wider crop varieties, livestock, aquaculture, and

apicultureiv) Demonstrate and promote appropriate water harvesting techniques/water control systemsv) Promote the wider use of anaerobic digester techniques to generate clean energyvi) Diversify the rural economy through value addition to agricultural productsvii) Support improved post harvest handling practices and infrastructure to reduce post harvest losses

of agricultural produce

Objective 3: Support policy harmonization, and policy influencing platforms for climate smart agriculture in the BasinThe project will carry out activities that aim at sensitizing policy/ decision makers on the threats posed by climate change to food security and the potential that climate smart initiatives have to address this. The intention is to raise the profile of Climate smart agriculture in the policy debate across the EAC region and influence its inclusion into agricultural strategies in all partner States. The activities will include

i) Review and harmonize agricultural policy across the Basin to make them climate smartii) Review and harmonize cooperative and agricultural marketing policies across the basin to improve

access to markets locally and facilitate intra country trade iii) Provide enhanced support to pest and disease surveillance and controliv) Sensitize policy and decision makers on Climate change threats and Climate smart solutionsv) Empower famers associations to be the voice of the farmers at all levels of National decision

making

Objective 4: Promote Information sharing and knowledge management regarding climate smart agricultureInformation sharing serves to foster complimentarity, avoid duplication and increase adoption levels within the basin. Under this objective the project will collect and collate information and knowledge on sustainable climate smart practices across the region and facilitate its dissemination to all stakeholders. Activities here will include:

i) Develop tools to capture lessons and experiences and share them across the Basinii) Establish a lesson sharing and policy influencing platform for the Basin for practitioners iii) Carry out publicity campaigns, awareness creation and development of appropriate communication

tools; iv) heightened campaigns on the importance of sustainable use of water resources and adoption of

appropriate interventionsv) Strengthen LVBC resource center to become a one stop center for knowledge and information on

climate smart agriculture

4.3 Expected Outputsi) Capacity in sustainable Climate Smart Agriculture in the Lake Victoria basin built through applied

training and research;ii) Increased adoption of appropriate agricultural practices that are sustainable and climate smart;iii) The concepts of climate smart agriculture mainstreamed in agricultural production, extension, and

marketing policies across the EAC region; andiv) Lessons and experiences on sustainable climate smart agriculture captures and shared to facilitate

learning and knowledge transfer.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJuNE 20134.4 Project ScopeThe scope of intervention for this project is defined by the Scope of Cooperation articulated in Article 3, article 9 and artcle 33 of the Protocol for sustainable Development of the Lake Victoria Basin. Notably, priority will be given to the areas within the Basin that are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and based on their degree of transboundary convergence to the national climate change agendas in the Partner States.

4.5 Project designThis will be a five - year project to be implemented in two phases namely the project preparation phase and the project implementation phase. The project preparation phase will include activities to support finalization of the project document and resource mobilization and is estimated to take one year. It is expected to then flow smoothly into the implementation phase that will take four years.

4.6 Project implementation ApproachThe project will be implemented in Partner States together with existing national climate change units. This is in conformity with the Paris Declaration and the principle of subsidiarity that is enshrined within the Treaty and the Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin. LVBC secretariat will perform the overall coordination of the project including implementation of interventions of a regional nature and fund management. Government departments and other stakeholders will provide technical support and also oversee implementation of the community based SCSA interventions. This will serve to mainstream all the interventions into national programs. Communities will provide the human and material resources and indigenous knowledge. Their participation will enhance ownership and therefore sustainability of project outcomes.

5.0 monitorinG anD eVaLUationThe LVBC secretariat shall be responsible for tracking progress in project implementation. The secretariat has in place a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework into which this project will be fitted. The final project document will specify indicators at all implementation levels and outline the responsibility of each of the implementing partners. The LVBC secretariat - Planning and M&E team shall ensure the adherance to this project monitoring and evaluation framework. Provision will be made for a mid-term review and end of project evaluation.




Project Objectives Key activities Total budget (US$ m)

Project preparation • Site selection• Review of SCSA interventions in the

Basin and assigning the same to selected sites

• Finalize project document• Final resource mobilization meetings• institutional capacity strengthening

0.2

Objective 1: Applied training and research (2.9)

• applied research • Masters and PhD level research • Target Short training and exchange

visits • Centers of excellence • Community level training • School based training

4.9

Objective 2: climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in agriculture

• conservation agriculture practices• agro-forestry practices• enterprise diversification • water harvesting /water control

systems• anaerobic digester techniques• value addition to agricultural products• post harvest handling

12.09

Objective 3: policy harmonization, and policy influencing

• harmonize agricultural policy• harmonize cooperative/marketing

policies • pest and disease surveillance and

control• Sensitize policy and decision makers• Empower famers associations

4.0

Objective 4: Information sharing and knowledge management

• Capture/share lessons and experiences

• lesson sharing/policy influencing platform

• publicity campaigns, awareness creation

• LVBC resource center

0.87

Monitoring and Evaluation 0.6Sub-total 22.66Project Coordination (5%) 1.13GRAND TOTAL 23.73



017- strenGtHeninG meteoroLoGicaL serVices on Lake Victoria - ProJect concePt note

Project Title Strengthening Meteorological Services On Lake Victoria Sr. No.017

Implementing Agency

Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat, together with Partner States.

Goal of the Project

To accelerate economic growth, socio-economic development and EAC integration.

Objectives of the Project

To enhance safety of navigation and efficient exploitation of natural resources over Lake Victoria and its Basin by strengthening Meteorological Services over the Lake


The Meteorological Sector in EAC is managed by Partner States through the respective National Meteorological Services. Lake Victoria is a large water body which generates its own unique weather systems. Ideally, meteorological services for the Lake and its basin should be coordinated from one centralized office in order to utilize all available information and data. Currently, Each Partner State runs meteorological service for its own sector of the lake. Most of the accidents on the Lake have been attributed to hazardous weather conditions and strong water currents. Strong winds and deep convection characterise weather over the Lake. The meteorological monitoring network and forecasting system currently in place is inadequate. There is need to improve observations and to provide weather forecasts, advisories and warnings to ships and other vessels using the lake for the safety of navigation. The project will enhance the capacity of Partner States to coordinate, share and provide weather related early warning products for Lake Victoria and its Basin.

This project is in line with Articles (3)(h), (11), (28), (29), (31) and (32) of the Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin. Further, it will contribute to developmental objective D7 of the LVBC Strategy Plan 2011-2016 through promoting investment in maritime transport, and improving safety of navigation in Lake Victoria.


The need of the project is well articulated in the:(i) Feasibility Study on Enhancing Safety of Navigation and Efficient

Exploitation of Natural Resources over Lake Victoria and Its Basin by Strengthening Meteorological Services on the Lake. The Study was completed in October 2011;

(ii) Study on Integrated Transport Strategy for Lake Tanganyika and Lake Victoria; and

(iii) EAC Transport Strategy 2011;Specific objectives

To improve Marine and Meteorological Observational Network, develop a Navigation Early Warning System and establish a Centre for Meteorological Services (CMS) for Lake Victoria



Expected Results

v) A comprehensive array of observing/monitoring instruments over land and on the Lake deployed/installed;

vi) A Navigation Early Warning System for Lake Victoria developed;vii) A Weather and Climate Information Atlas for Lake Victoria Basin developed;

andviii) A centre for providing meteorological services for lake Victoria and its basin

established.Current Status The project concept note has been finalized and a project bankable proposal is

ready for planning and implementation.Possible gaps if on -going

N/A

Duration 5 YearsEstimated Project Cost

USD 8,963,000


1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDLake Victoria is Africa’s largest lake and a key shared resource for the people of East Africa with a surface area of 68,800 km2 spanning parts of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its basin, including parts of Burundi and Rwanda, is endowed with rich natural resources and was designated as an economic growth zone to be exploited jointly by EAC Partner States. Economic activities in the Basin include: fishing, mining, agriculture, hydropower generation, forestry, trade and industry, tourism, water transport and communication. Untapped potential exists to expand both tourism and water transportation industries across the lake.

The population of LVB is approximately 40 million and up to 4 million people depend on the lake for their income and livelihood. There are some large urban centres on the shores of the lake but the area is, to a great extent, populated by fishing communities living in rural villages and remote islands.

Commercial vessels operate on the lake for transportation of passengers and cargo. Total trade transacted across the lake was only US$ 830 million in 2007 (exports - $650, imports – $180 million). The carrying capacity of licensed commercial ships on the lake is very low at 7,600 tons and the predominant mode of local transport is via the informal boats. On the other hand, fishing is an important economic activity in the LVB with an estimated annual fish catch of 500,000 tonnes, generating more than US$ 400 million at the landing sites. Fishing products from the lake contribute US$ 250 million in export earnings. Primary fishing activity is undertaken by about 200,000 fishermen using a fleet of nearly 70,000 small crafts.

The Meteorological Sector in EAC is managed by Partner States through the respective National Meteorological Services. Lake Victoria is a large water body which generates its own unique weather systems. Ideally, meteorological services for the Lake and its basin should be coordinated from one centralized office in order to utilize all available information and data. Currently, Each Partner State


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJuNE 2013runs meteorological service for its own sector of the lake. Most of the accidents on the Lake have been attributed to hazardous weather conditions and strong water currents. Strong winds and deep convection characterise weather over the Lake. The meteorological monitoring network and forecasting system currently in place is inadequate. There is need to improve observations and to provide weather forecasts, advisories and warnings to ships and other vessels using the lake for the safety of navigation. The project will enhance the capacity of Partner States tocoordinate, share and provide weather related early warning products for Lake Victoria and its Basin.

Marine Climate Services contribute to safety of shipping in the region. Enhancement of Marine meteorological services will also assist in monitoring Tsunamis and disasters such as oil spills. These services are therefore critical to national and regional safety and sustainable development.

The LVBC has provided funding for the Meteorological study on Lake Victoria. The feasibility study report will provide information on a number of activities that are required for the safety of the lake including weather monitoring, modelling (forecasting) and dissemination of relevant meteorological products to enhance safety over the Lake.

2.0 ProBLem statementMarine transport accidents in Lake Victoria cause more than 5,000 deaths every year, which represents a significant and unacceptable percentage of the communities living near the shores. Most of these accidents have been attributed to hazardous weather conditions and water currents in the lake. Major weaknesses exist in the provision of meteorological services for marine navigation safety and exploitations of natural resources in the basin.

Weather and climate information required for decision-makers and management of leading socio-economic sectors in the EAC region is not currently available at any single collection centre. Furthermore, whatever information is available is not in a user-friendly form, making its use difficult for the stakeholders. Whereas each Partner State has some capacity to collect, store and disseminate weather information on their sections of the lake, this information needs to be shared to ensure safety of navigation across the lake.

3.0 JUstification anD siGnificanceIn order to address the above concerns, EAC/LVBC commissioned a feasibility study to develop a plan for “Enhancing Safety of Navigation and Efficient Exploitation of Natural Resources over Lake Victoria and Its Basin by Strengthening Meteorological Services on the Lake”. The study recommended a range of initiatives for the enhancement of the meteorological services on Lake Victoria and its basin including:

i) Considering the large number of weather-related fatal accidents in the lake and particularly among the fishing communities every yearand the advancement in weather prediction technology, it is desirable to provide early warning products in addition to the planned maritime search and rescue services. Such early warning system will be implemented for the entire basin.

ii) The production of a weather/climate atlas for LVB to significantly enhance productivity in the exploitation of natural resources for the basin.

iii) A distributed or centralized coordination mechanism for the provision of meteorological services.There is need for short and long term predictions as well as daily, weekly and monthly weather advisories. This should be linked with mobile phone platform to disseminate e-weather forecasts.



4.0 ProJect DescriPtion 4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveThe overall goal of the project is to accelerate economic growth, socio-economic development and EAC integration. Project objective is to enhance safety of navigation and efficient exploitation of natural resources over Lake Victoria and its Basin by strengthening Meteorological Services over the LakeSpecific objectives of the project are:

i) to test a pilot navigation weather alert system for Lake Victoriaii) to produce a weather/climate atlas for Lake Victoria Basiniii) to upgrade the observational network for marine and the meteorological conditions over the LVBiv) to develop a Centre for Meteorological Services for the Lake Victoria Basinv) to implement mobile phone weather advisory facility (e-weather alerts)

4.2 Description of activities per objectiveObjective 1: To test a pilot navigation weather alert system for Lake Victoria

i) Enhancement of the monitoring network to fill the most serious gaps—required for provision of early warning alerts that were identified in the feasibility study;

ii) Development of a fully coupled lake-atmosphere regional model for forecasting severe weather and adverse currents in Lake Victoria—required for the provision of early warning alerts which fully address the stakeholders’ marine safety concerns;

iii) Packaging of the customized early warning weather products in forms that are convenient and easily understandable by the stakeholders; and

iv) Development and testing of a simple and limited-scope mobile phone-based communication network to deliver early warning weather alerts to a selected group of dedicated fishermen and fish transporters identified specifically for the pilot project.

Objective 2: To produce a weather/climate atlas for Lake Victoria Basini) Carry out a comprehensive assessment of different formats used throughout the world and choose

or develop the one most appropriate for the EAC regional needs.ii) Develop high-powered computer interface software, including internet and web technology, on

an electronic platform to provide information to stakeholders in an efficient and user-friendly manner. The Atlas should have a structure that is easily updatable as new and more refined basic data becomes available.

iii) Produce a hard copy version of the Atlas that can be distributed to providers of climate outreach services in agriculture, health, tourism, and other socioeconomic sectors which may not have access to adequate computing and internet capabilities.

Objective 3: To upgrade the observational network for marine and the meteorological conditions over the LVB

i) Develop an EAC observational science plan and an implementation plan for a limited-period international observing campaign for the LVB to fill the observational gap in global programs over the region.

ii) Conduct a series of workshops and meetings to mobilize international participation in the implementation of the Regional Hydro-climate observational project and pledge of support for the implementation phase.


LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSIONJuNE 2013iii) Implementation of the project involving deployment of a comprehensive array of monitoring land

and marine sensors, satellites, ships and aircrafts.iv) Provide e-weather alerts working on the mobile phone platform

Objective 4: To develop a Centre for Meteorological Services (CMS) for the Lake Victoria Basin

i) Development of a comprehensive technical agenda for the implementation phase of CMS.ii) Development of a comprehensive governance plan to steer the implementation of CMSiii) Development of a plan for mobilization of resources required to support the implementation

phase of CMS.

4.3 Expected Outputsi) An integrated prototype, end-to-end, limited-scope early warning product and delivery system for

monitoring/prediction/consumer.ii) An electronic and hardcopy version of the Hotspots Atlas whose contents include special

information required in different weather/climate-sensitive sectors, such as maps of the start-date and end-date of the rain seasons for agricultural sector and wind-power potential climate parameters for the energy sector.

iii) A science plan and implementation plan for underpinning interdisciplinary research to support the proposed enhanced meteorological services for improvement of navigation safety and exploitation of natural resources over the LVB.

iv) An upgraded meteorological and hydrological observational network for the LVB.v) Comprehensive technical agenda and governance plan to steer the implementation phase of CMS.

4.4 Project AreaThe project will be implemented within the Lake Victoria and its Basin and primarily designed to serve EAC Partner States.

4.5 Project designThis will be a five- year project to be implemented in a mix of distinct phases comprising: preparatory activities, feasibility studies, pilot initiatives and physical infrastructure implementation phases. The implementation phase will encompass capacity building, development of institutional frameworks and structures and interventions.

4.6 Project implementation ApproachThe project will be implemented through partnerships involving relevant government departments, LVBC and the private sector. LVBC will perform the overall coordination of the project including fund management, overseeing capacity building and establishment of institutional frameworks and structures and implementation processes. Government departments and other stakeholders will provide financial/technical support and also oversee implementation of the appropriate interventions. Involvement of the relevant government departments will ensure that interventions put in place will continue beyond the project life cycle. Project will focus on building strategic partnerships to ensure satisfactory implementation.




Project Objectives Key Activities Total Budget (US$)

Objective 1: To test a pilot navigation weather alert system for Lake Victoria





1,366,000

Objective2:To produce a weather/climate atlas for Lake Victoria Basin





225,000



Project Objectives Key Activities Total Budget (US$)

Objective 3: To upgrade the observational network for marine and the meteorological conditions over the LVB

i) Develop an EAC observational science plan and an implementation plan for a limited-period international observing campaign for the LVB to fill the observational gap in global programs over the region.

ii) Conduct a series of workshops and meetings to mobilize international participation in the implementation of the Regional Hydro-climate observational project and pledge of support for the implementation phase.

iii) Implementation of the project involving deployment of a comprehensive array of monitoring land and marine sensors, satellites, ships and aircrafts.

5,903,000

Objective 4: To develop a Centre for Meteorological Services (CMS) for the Lake Victoria Basin

i) Development of a comprehensive technical agenda for the implementation phase of CMS.

ii) Development of a comprehensive governance plan to steer the implementation of CMS

iii) Development of a plan for mobilization of resources required to support the implementation phase of CMS.

300,000

Sub-total 7,794,000Project Coordination and M&E

1,169.000

GRAND TOTAL 8,963,000


roUnDtaBLe foUr: institUtionaL DeVeLoPment anD caPacitY

strenGtHeninG




018 - Lake Victoria Basin commission institUtionaL caPacitY enHancement ProGram - ProJect concePt note

Project Title Lake Victoria Basin Commission Institutional Capacity Enhancement Program

Sr. No. 018

Implementing Agency

LVBC Secretariat jointly with National Focal Point Ministries, EAC Affairs Ministries and non-state actors in the EAC Partner States.

Goal and Overall Objective of the project

Project goal: To build the capacity of LVBC to provide sustainable leadership in the coordination of the stakeholders to attain the shared vision of the LVB

Project objective: to strengthen the institutional capacity of the LVBC to enable it to carry out its mandate


Article 33 of the Protocol for Sustainable Development of the Lake Victoria Basin states thatthe broad function of the Lake Victoria Basin Commission is to promote, facilitate and coordinate activities and actors towards sustainable development and poverty eradication of the Lake Victoria Basin byamong others (i) promoting stakeholder participation in sustainable development of natural resources; (ii) guiding implementation of sectoral projects and programmes; (iii) promoting capacity building and institutional development.

Thisproject addresses two key result areas in the LVBC strategic plan 2011 – 2016 (i) Coordination and management capacity of LVBC strengthened; and (ii) Relationship and working mechanisms with EAC organs, institutions and other stakeholders strengthened.


LVBC’s mandate is acore concern both regionally and globally. Most of the regional goals, like LVBC’s, are centred around the realization of the MDGs whose ultimate target is to contribute towards the improved livelihood for all and reduction of poverty. Consequenltly, how LVBC synchronizes its operations to complement efforts by other critical sector players like Partners States and development partners is quite important. However,the institutional capacity assessment study revealed institutional, organizational, management,and staff capacity weaknesses that were impacting negatively on the overall performanceof LVBC in achieving the sustainable development agenda for the Basin. These included: (i) the Protocol for Sustainable Development of LVB which has weaknesses with respect to thevarious provisions and internal consistency for the descriptive roles of thevarious organs of LVBC in terms of mandate, roles, responsibilities, andfunctions; (ii) the LVBC Secretariat is experiencing functional and work overlaps andrealignments in terms of weak guidelines for inter departmental and functionalcoordination; (iii) there are also limited management systems and guidelines to provide overall corporate direction of LVBC, programme design, management, monitoring andevaluation, capacity building, human resource development, accountability andreporting mechanisms;and (iv) LVBC has weak financial sustainability andpartnership framework

Support Documentsi) Institutional Capacity Needs assessment for LVBCii) Human Resource Functional Analysis for the LVBC Secretariat



Specific objectives i. To strengthen the governance and management structure for the sustainability of the Lake Victoria Basin Commission

ii. To strengthen integrated knowledge management systems for the Lake Victoria Basin Commission

iii. To improve stakeholder coordination and Participationiv. To build the institutional capacity to support the achievement of the LVBC

mandatev. To facilitate information and data collection to inform project preparation

in LVBC to cover all fourteen areas of cooperationvi. To review and harmonize strategic policies laws and regulations

Expected Results i) Sustainability of LVBC enhanced through improved governance and management structures;

ii) LVBC secretariat functioning effectively as the information hub for the Lake Victoria Basin;

iii) Stakeholder, both state and non-state actors, effectively engaged in the sustainable development and management of the Lake Victoria Basin;

iv) LVBC has adequate human resource capacity and management systems to efficiently carry out its mandate.

v) LVBC project/program portfolio increasedvi) Partner States using harmonized policies and legal frameworks

Current Status Preparatory activities and studies have been undertaken and implementation could start as soon as funding is secured.

Duration Ten YearsEstimated Project Cost

USD 15 Million



1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDLake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) is a specialized institution of the East African Community (EAC) established via Article 33(2) of the Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin, 2003. The core mandate as defined in the Protocol is to promote: equitable economic growth; measures aimed at eradicating poverty; sustainable utilization and management of natural resources; the protection of environment within the lake Victoria Basin and compliance on safety of navigation that will create conducive environment that will facilitate investment, trade and transport around the Basin.

All the socio-economic aspirations geared towards elimination of poverty and to sustainably improve the livelihood of the people within the Lake Victoria Basin are predicated on the expectation that LVBC will enhance its contribution as required. This is especially important owing to the great economic potential of the LVB whose population of 40 million people is a third of the total EAC population of 128 million.

To fulfill its mandate LVBC needs to strengthen its capacity and support its development into a sustainable institution, existing within the regional structural design of EAC, and operating in a fully functioning and more result oriented system. LVBC institutional capacity enhancement in its broadest sense encompasses support to the development of the organization as an institution, the legal framework in which it operates, the environment in which sustainable development coordination is conducted, the organizational structure and working practices of the LVBC and the development of the human resource capacity to plan and implement sustainable development activities within the Lake Victoria Basin.

LVBC undertook a capacity needs assessment and functional analysis which are the basis to inform the capacity enhancement program of the LVBC. The two studies provided input into processes designed to help LVBC sustain reasonable level of service delivery and at the same time search for solutions to the unfolding intra and extra-regional challenges affecting LVB. The capacity of an institution hinges on its ability to perform its responsibilities. This does not only depend on the capabilities of the people, but also on the overall size of the task, the resources which are needed to perform them and the framework within which they are discharged. The assessment identified capacity gaps influencing the achievement of current and desired results; prioritizing key capacities required for change. It also identified existing/latent capacities and provided that both are enhanced and clearly linked with outcomes to achieve a desired result.

LVBC comprises the secretariat, the focal point Ministries in Partner States, private sector and non-state actors working in the Basin. In order that LVBC fulfills its mandate, effective coordination and enhanced participation of all these players is required. It is therefore within the set boundaries, scope and focus, as defined in the Protocol for Sustainable Development of the Lake Victoria Basin; the current EAC Development Strategy and the LVBC strategic Plan 2011 – 2016, that the Secretariat has developed the LVBC Institutional Capacity Enhancement project.

2.0 ProBLem statementThe current governance structural arrangement considers the Sectoral Council as the governing body of the LVBC, while the Coordination Committee and Sectoral Committees are the specialized advisory and technical organs of the Sectoral Council. This arrangement provides the relevant governance mechanisms for developing a common understanding on the factual and realistic situation obtaining in each of the EAC



member states. However, the needs assessment identified delays in decision making by these governance structures as a bottleneck in the achievement of LVBC mandate. This was attributed to administrative and logistical challenges, the need for clear guidelines with respect to the advisory and regulatory roles of the Sectoral Council and the administrative/management role of the LVBC secretariat. Further the National Focal Point Ministries in Partner States tasked with overseeing the implementation of LVBC mandate at national level is facing structural and administrative challenges in the process of providing efficient and effective services to LVBC. At times, there appears to be apparent conflict of responsibilities between the National Focal Point Ministry and that responsible for EAC Affairs.

The Secretariat is the executive organ of the LVBC and is thus designed to perform executive roles and functions. The Secretariat is assigned enormous responsibility and duties by Articles 33 and 42 of the Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin, and thus would require commensurate authority and decision making power to deliver on the required results. However, there is weak structural design in terms of the definitive language and logical descriptions of the functions, in management terms and style. The functional descriptions, as contained in the Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin do not provide a simplified description in management sequential framework that carry the connotations like planning, organizing, leading, communication, coordination, controlling, and reporting aspects.

Good governance plays a critical role in focusing on standardized principles of administration that are fundamental to the development of effective institutional structure, enhancing coordination, and providing mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating both institutional and delivery of programme outcomes. The role and functions of M&E and internal audit units to institute measures of good governance has been appreciated world over. The M&E and auditing functions in LVBC are over stretched and need to be strengthened. Further the use of ICT is inadequate leading to weak information and knowledge management systems. Overall the needs assessment identified weak governance structures and systems that are responsible for LVBC not being adequately empowered to carry out its mandate generate performance based information and relevant reports that would facilitate decision making.

Generally the capacity needs assessment and functional analysis identified that LVBC has some challenges which need solutions such as: (i) weak inter departmental and functional coordination; (ii) inadequate attention to some program areas in programme design and management such as Production and income generation, population and demography, governance and policy, and research. Further the study found that there is inadequate staffing and a poor human resource management system with un-customized manuals and guidelines. The procurement unit at the LVBC was found to be understaffed to efficiently manage its functions. Also identified was LVBC’s weak financial sustainability; poorly developed framework for partnership and collaboration with civil society and private sectors, weak coordination of LVBC activities at national level by the National Focal Point office, the need to implement performance management system that is result oriented, the need to modernize service delivery and improving operational efficiency and quality of outputs against resource constraints.

In order for LVBC to be a sustainably managed, self-financing institution there is need to strengthen its capacity through improved governance at policy level and internally, there is need to build its human and material capacity; and strengthen its linkages with all stakeholders including other EAC organs and institutions that provide technical support to the LVBC.



3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificance

The Lake Victoria Basin was identified as an economic growth zone for the East African Community partner States. Given its key contribution to the community, Partner States established the Lake Victoria basin Commission to provide leadership in the promotion and coordination of activities of different actors towards the sustainable development and poverty eradication of the Lake Victoria Basin. Specifically, it has to (i) to initiate and promote programmes aimed at poverty eradication; (ii) to ensure harmonization of policies, laws, regulations, and standards for the sustainable development of the Lake Victoria Basin; (iii) to promote stakeholder participation in sustainable development of natural resources; (iv) to provide guidance on the implementation of sectoral projects and programmes; (v) to promote capacity building and institutional development; and (vi) to promote security and safety of the Lake.

LVBC represents the most comprehensive structure ever attempted for sustainable development of the Lake Victoria Basin. LVBC deals with all potential problems occurring at people- environment and development interface in the Lake Victoria Basin through a multidisciplinary, socio-cultural, economic, political and geographical environment which is an important attribute of achieving sustainable development, Shared Vision as well as the Millennium Development Goals. It is also noted that the various projects which are being implemented by LVBC, reflect a “joint commitment and obligation” of the EAC Partner States.

However, LVBC is not immune from the challenges, weakness and threats as shown in the institutional, organizational, and SWOT analysis carried out as part of the capacity needs assessment. The analysis has revealed that the current status of the LVBC Secretariat cannot adequately address sustainable development in the Lake Victoria Basin and facilitate deeper integration processes of EAC due to institutional and organizational capacity constraints and other weaknesses in management capacity and service delivery mechanisms. There is urgent need therefore to address these weaknesses, capitalizing on the strengths identified to ensure that LVBC develops into a sustainable institution, operating in a fully functioning and professional manner.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion 4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveProject Goal: To build the capacity of LVBC to provide sustainable leadership in the coordination of the stakeholders to attain the shared vision of the LVB

Project Objective: To strengthen the institutional capacity of the LVBC to enable it to carry out its mandate

The specific objectives are to:i) To strengthen the governance and management structure for the sustainability of the Lake Victoria

Basin Commissionii) To strengthen integrated knowledge management systems for the Lake Victoria Basin Commissioniii) To improve stakeholder coordination and Participationiv) To build the institutional capacity to support the achievement of the LVBC mandatev) To facilitate information and data collection to inform project preparation in LVBC to cover all

fourteen areas of cooperationvi) To review and harmonise strategic policies laws and regulations



4.3 Description of activities per objectiveObjective 1: to strengthen the governance and management structure for the sustainability of the LVBC

i) Establish and/or strengthen governance organs as set out in the protocolii) Review, finalize and follow up the enactment and implementation of the LVBC bill (2007)iii) Review and strengthen the operations of the Lake Victoria Partnership Fundiv) Review and updated the Vision and strategy framework for the LVB

Objective 2: Strengthen Integrated knowledge management systems for the Lake Victoria Basin Commission

i) strengthen the LVB Resource Centre and its networksii) review and update the M&E and management information system for the LVBCiii) improve communication and enhance visibility of LVBCiv) Documentation, publicity and advocacyv) Coordinate consolidation of data and statistics relevant to the LVB

Objective 3: to improve stakeholder coordination and Participationi) enhance cooperation with other EAC Organs and Institutions; ii) establish mechanisms for enhancing partnerships /collaboration; iii) facilitate increased stakeholders’ participation especially private sector and non-state actors in

activities of the Commissioniv) Participate in international forums.

Objective 4: To build the institutional capacity to support the achievement of the LVBC mandate

i) Human resource management and development including the establishment of centres of excellence from among existing institutions in the LVB

ii) Support improved institutional planning, monitoring and evaluationiii) Support towards strengthening of the national focal point and EAC Ministriesiv) Support to strengthening fiduciary systemsv) Support the development of a multi-sectoral development plan for the Basin

Objective 5: Facilitate information and data collection to inform Project preparation in LVBC to cover more of the 14 intervention areas

i) Data collection to prepare program on Investment promotion, including feasibility studies, customize guidelines and protocols for investment and development of the LVB investment strategy

ii) Data collection and preparations of an LVB aquaculture program, including strategic actions on aquaculture development in the basin and harmonization of Policies and guidelines and frameworks for the subsector

iii) Support studies to inform development of programs and projects on alternative energy and energy infrastructure

iv) Facilitate the domestication of the regional tourism development strategy and preparation of a tourism program/project for the basin

v) Facilitate the development and implementation of guidelines for mainstreaming gender into the projects and programs in the LVB



Objective 6: Review and harmonize strategic policies laws and regulations for selected sectors

i) Build capacity on policy analysis and harmonizationii) Develop Regional policy and/or Harmonization of relevant policies selected from among the 14

areas of cooperationiii) Build capacity and carry out lobby and advocacy for ratification of selected policies

Expected Outputsi) Sustainability of LVBC enhanced through improved governance and management structures;ii) LVBC secretariat functioning effectively as the information hub for the Lake Victoria Basin;iii) Stakeholder, both state and non-state actors, effectively engaged in the sustainable development

and management of the Lake Victoria Basin; iv) LVBC has adequate human resource capacity and management systems to efficiently carry out its

mandate.v) LVBC project/program portfolio increasedvi) Partner States using harmonized policies and legal frameworks

4.4 Project ScopeThe scope of intervention for this project is defined by the Scope of Cooperation articulated in Article 3, article 9 and artcle 33 of the Protocol for sustainable Development of the Lake Victoria Basin which focuses on the key sectors among others are:sustainable development, manangement and equitable utilisation of water resources; sustainable development and mangement of fisheries and resources;promotion of sustatinable agricultural and land use practices;promotion of sustainable development and management of forestry resources;promotion of development of infrastructure and energy;maintatenance of navigational safety and maritime security;improvement of public health with specific reference to sanitation and promotion of reserach, capacity building and information exchange.The project will strenthen the capacity of the LVBC secretariat and its arms in the Partner States, as well as its governance committees including the sectoral committes and the sectoral council of Ministers. The private sector and non-state actors will be drawn into the LVBC starutures as envisaged in the Protocol.

4.5 Project designThis will be a fifteen - year project to be implemented in three phases namely the project preparation phase and the project implementation phase and Project evaluation and monitoring. The project preparation phase will include activities to support finalization of the project document and resource mobilization and is estimated to take three years. It is expected to then flow smoothly into the implementation phase that will take 15 years.

4.6 Project implementation ApproachImplementation of this project will be coordinated by the LVBC secretariat who will involve all the other stakeholders in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the project. The project will receive supervision and policy guidance from the relevant sectoral committee, which will then report to the Sectoral council of Ministers for the LVB.



5.0 monitorinG anD eVaLUationThe LVBC secretariat shall be responsible for tracking progress in project implementation. The secretariat has in place a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework into which this project will be fitted. The final project document will specify indicators at all implementation levels and outline the responsibility of each of the implementing partners. LVBC Secretariat Planning and M&E team shall ensure the adherance to this project monitoring and evaluation framework. Provision will be made for a mid-term review and end of project evaluation.



Project preparation • Deliberations to detail all project activities• Finalize the actions resulting from the review

of the Partnership fund and partnership consultative committee (PCC)

• Finalize project document• Final resource mobilization meetings• institutional capacity strengthening

0.2

Objective 1: governance and management structure

• governance organs in the protocol• the LVBC bill (2007)• the Lake Victoria Partnership Fund• the Vision and strategy framework

1.0

Objective 2: Integrated knowledge management systems

• LVB Resource Centre/networks• M&E and MIS for the LVBC• Communication and visibility of LVBC• Documentation, publicity and advocacy• Consolidation of data and statistics

1.22

Objective 3: stakeholder coordination and Participation

• Cooperation with EAC Organs and Institutions; • Partnerships /collaboration; • Stakeholders’ participation • Participate in international forums.

0.8

Objective 4: institutional capacity

• Human resource• Centres of excellence • planning, monitoring and evaluation• National focal point and EAC Ministries• fiduciary systems• multi-sectoral development plan

5.95

Objective 5: Project preparation in LVBC

• program on Investment promotion, • LVB aquaculture program, • alternative energy and infrastructure• tourism development program/project• mainstreaming gender in the LVB

2.5




Objective 6: harmonize strategic policies laws

• capacity on policy analysis and harmonization• Harmonization of relevant policies (3)• capacity on lobby and advocacy

2.5

Monitoring and Evaluation

0.5

Sub-total 14.67Project Coordination (5%)

0.7

GRAND TOTAL 15.37



019 - constrUction of Lake Victoria Basin secretariat HeaDQUarters - ProJect concePt note

Project Title Construction Of Lake Victoria Basin Secretariat Headquarters

Sr. No. 019

Implementing Agency

LVBC Secretariat jointly with the EAC Partner States of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda


Project goal: To establish a permanent home capable of meeting operational needs of the LVBC Secretariat

Project objectives:i) To establish a permanent home for LVBC Secretariat that provides

sufficient office, conference and parking space and other operational needs;

ii) To generate internal revenues through renting office space and conference facilities as a means of reducing recurrent expenditure on office operations; and

iii) To enhance the visibility of LVBC.Introduction and Relevance to the Protocol and Strategic Plan

Lake Victoria Basin Commission was established in 2005, by the Protocol for the Sustainable Development of the Lake Victoria Basin, as a permanent apex specialized institution of the East African Community responsible for promoting sustainable development of the Lake Victoria Basin. The objectives and broad functions of the Commission are defined in various articles of the Protocol. The permanent seat of the Commission is in Kisumu, Kenya. Currently, the Commission is housed in rented offices.

The Government of the Republic of Kenya allocated land comprising 2.8ha situated in Kisumu on the fringes of Lake Victoria to the Commission for the purpose of constructing its Headquarters building. The land is serviced with an all-weather access road, water, electricity and ICT supply lines. As a strategy to strengthen the visibility of LVBC, there is need to establish a permanent home capable of meeting operational needs of the LVBC, generate internal revenues through renting office space and conference facilities, thereby reducing recurrent expenditure on office operations.

The project will contribute towards achieving sustainable development of LVB as per Articles 33, 34, 39 and 42 of the Protocol for Sustainable Development for LVB. It is also in line with the LVBC Strategic Plan 2011 - 2016 which aims at strengthening the co-ordination and management capacity of LVBC.



Specific Objectives i) To undertake feasibility study, detailed designs, and environmental impact assessment;

ii) To prepare detailed cost estimates and bid documents; andiii) To construct the physical infrastructure.

Expected Outputs i) Detailed design plans and tender documentation prepared;ii) LVBC headquarters building constructed;iii) Furniture, office and conferencing equipment procured; andiv) ICT and Telephone infrastructure installed.

Current Status Construction of the Commission headquarters remains one of the key priorities of the Secretariat. As part of the resource mobilization process, LVBC engaged a consultant to prepare model designs and indicative costing. The model design defines the plan of the building which is a multi-storey block with meetings/board rooms, executive rooms and conference facilities. Technical and financial support for project preparation and actual implementation is required.


USD 6,274,000


1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDThe Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) is a specialized institution of the East African Community (EAC) that is responsible for coordinating the sustainable development agenda of the Lake Victoria Basin. Towards implementation of its Mandate LVBC is coordinating implementation of Projects and Programs in the basin within the Partner States namely Republics of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, United Republic of Tanzania, and Republic of Uganda. The Lake Victoria which is the second largest freshwater Lake in the world is a major shared resource of the five EAC Partner States. The Lake and its Basin play a major role in supporting a wide range and diversity of flora and fauna. The Lake has a surface area of 68,000 km2, which is shared by three countries, namely, Kenya (6%), Uganda (43%) and Tanzania (51%). The catchment area of the Lake is 193,000 km2, which extends into the Republics of Rwanda and Burundi. It is estimated that about 40 Million people live within the Basin.

2.0 ProBLem statementThe Lake Victoria Basin is a high growth potential zone of the East African region. The area has large endowments of fisheries, water, maritime transport facilities, minerals, etc. The basin, however, faces a number of challenges including environmental degradation, high poverty levels, poor infrastructure and disease. In recognition of the two contradictions, the EAC, through the Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin established the Lake Victoria Basin Commission in 2005.

The Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat moved to its permanent seat in Kisumu, Kenya in 2007. The Commission has since grown from inception and it now has a staff compliment of about 50 personnel. Continuous growth is anticipated as the Commission intensifies the pace of implementing the sustainable



development agenda for the Basin and the need for adequate and affordable office space will become acute. However, the Commission is currently accommodated in rental premises with constrained office space. The cost of rental space is growing exponentially and may be a challenge to sustain in the long term considering the increased space requirements.

3.0 JUstification anD siGnificanceLVBC relocated to its permanent Headquarters in Kisumu, Kenya in January 2007. Consequently a Headquarters Agreement between the Government of Kenya and East African Community on behalf of LVBC was signed and the Agreement among others stipulates provides for the Provision of Headquarters seat for the Commission to be in Kisumu, Kenya.

It is against this background that Government of Republic of Kenya donated a piece of prime land along the lake shores of area 2.8 hectares which is valued at Five Hundred and Sixty US Dollars (US$560,000). The said land is serviced with an all-weather access road, water, electricity and telephone supply lines. It measures 100mx115mx340mx345m, with the 115m running along the lake shore and the 100m side touching the access road – a sketch of the plot, proposed model and more details on the plot may be obtained from the site plan at LVBC offices. The terrain on the plot is virtually flat but gently drains towards the lake, predominantly black cotton soil with rock outcrops or sub-surface granite rocks.

Lake Victoria Basin Commission currently occupies rented office accommodation at Re-Insurance Plaza Building in Kisumu. The rented space is inadequate and workshops and meetings have to be held in hired conference rooms. This arrangement causes a great deal of logistical challenges and is a heavy burden on operational costs. Currently, LVBC spends One Hundred Eleven Thousand and Three Hundred Seventy Six American Dollars ($111,376) on rent and about Ninety Eight Thousand American Dollars ($98000) on hiring of conference/meeting rooms per year. In addition to high costs of rental charges and associated, the present location does not meet the integrity and credibility of LVBC as a diplomatic Institution.

As a strategy to strengthen the visibility of LVBC, there is need to establish a permanent home capable of meeting operational needs of the LVBC, generate internal revenues through renting office space thereby cutting on the recurrent expenditure of office operations.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveThe Headquarters project aims at enhancing the visibility of LVBC, and to establish a permanent home for LVBC, capable of meeting its operational needs, generate internal revenues through renting office space thereby cutting on the recurrent expenditure of office operations. The specific objectives of the project include the following:

i) To undertake feasibility study, detailed designs, and environmental impact assessment;ii) To prepare detailed cost estimates and bid documents; andiii) To construct the physical infrastructure

4.2 Description of Project ComponentsTo fully make the headquarters of the Commission sustainable in maintaining and generating funds, the following will be considered:

i) The design plans should entail formulation of appropriate modern design concept that takes into



account functionality, aesthetics, and economy, environmental impacts, building standards, safety and health. The plans will be itemized, quantified and costed.

ii) It is anticipated that the development will comprise the following:a. Multi-storey office block with meeting/ board rooms and executive holding rooms. External

and/ or internal fountains may be proposed (the executive holding rooms should have a view of the lake and on the same floor with the Executive Secretary’s office),

b. Conference facilities with diverse capacity conference rooms, restaurants and well kept lawns with flowers,

c. Catering facilities within the conference centre and staff canteen in the office block,d. Car park for office and conference areas - separately,e. Income generating facilities for rental including offices and conference areas,f. Residence for Caretaker/ Manager for the facilities,g. Proposals on perimeter wall design, h. a Pier for LVBC research and navigation vessel(s), andi. A model for the proposal will be added advantage

iii) Detailed interior design with furnishings in line with the latest trends to give a comfortable and warm working environment.

iv) Design of electrical lighting and power installation, standby power, structured cabling, telephone and data systems, air conditioning and ventilation, public address systems, access control and CCTV systems.

v) Design of water supply and reticulation systems and drainage system.vi) Design of adequate structures, access roads, paved areas, sewerage reticulation and surface water

drainage.vii) Establish the cost limits for the project; and advice on probable price trends and overall estimated

project cost;viii) Locate the various structures within the boundaries of the plot.ix) Geotechnical survey x) Assessment of landscaping requirements and design for same.xi) Assess the environmental and social impact including gender mainstreaming of the project following

the required regional or national guidelines. The assessment should include the resettlement impact if any, environmental issues that need to be addressed for the successful implementation of the project clearly identifying biophysical conservation values such as threatened species, human health and safety and endangered ecological communities that may be affected by the proposed project activities; measures to be implemented to minimize degradation of the environment including how to minimize damage to ecosystems, environmental quality, avoid increased fire risk, human health risks and ensure restoration.

xii) Preparation of preliminary/ outline drawings and specifications for the works.xiii) Preparation of items, quantities and costs.

4.3 Project ActivitiesThe Consultant’s services will be executed in two stages, though second stage is subject to necessity for improvements on initial design, as detailed below:Stage 1: Preliminary Architectural Designs and Cost Estimates

i) Receive Client’s statement of requirements and cost limits;ii) Analysis of Clients requirement and research;



iii) Formulation of design and consultation with local authority to ensure compliance with city by-laws;

iv) Preparation of preliminary sketch designs - preliminary/ outline drawings and specifications for the works;

v) Prepare approximate cost estimates; andvi) Preliminary model for the headquarters building.

Stage 2: Conduct Environmental Impact Assessments, Final Architectural and Engineering Designs and Constructions

i) Recruit Consultant to conduct Environmental Impact Assessment; ii) Conduct the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA);iii) Recruitment of consultant and architectures; iv) Preparation of final architectural drawings;v) Prepare final design reports ( working drawings and specifications);vi) Prepare tender documents and priced bills of quantities;vii) Obtain various approvals from relevant authorities;viii) Recruitment of the Contractor/s; andix) Supervise the constructions and landscaping; andx) Procure various equipment, furniture for the headquarters etc

4.4 Expected Outputs/ Results The expected outputs for the Final Works for the headquarters:

i) Multi-storey office block with meeting/ board rooms and executive holding rooms. External and/ or internal fountains may be proposed (the executive holding rooms should have a view of the lake and on the same floor with the Executive Secretary’s office),

ii) Conference facilities with diverse capacity conference rooms, restaurants and well kept lawns with flowers,

iii) Catering facilities within the conference centre and staff canteen in the office block,iv) Car park for office and conference areas - separately,v) Income generating facilities for rental including offices and conference areas,vi) Residence for Caretaker/ Manager for the facilities,vii) Perimeter wall design, viii) a Pier for LVBC research and navigation vessel(s);ix) Availability of water supply and reticulation systems and drainage system;x) Availability of structures, access roads, paved areas, sewerage reticulation and surface water

drainage.xi) Fully furnished and equipped building.



5.0 BUDGetTo attain the key outputs mentioned above, the Summary of cost estimates is provided for and the detailed costs are indicated below:

ELEMENT AMOUNT Percentage of total cost

Percentage of total cost IN KSHS. IN US $

1 BUILDERS WORK

1.1 Substructure 40,582,240.00 488,943.00 7.80%

1.2 RC Superstructure 68,509,450.00 825,415.00 13.16%

1.3 Staircase 4,474,070.00 53,904.00 0.86%

1.4 Roofing 8,268,525.00 99,621.00 1.59%

1.5 External walling 3,456,575.00 41,645.00 0.66%1.6 Internal divisions 18,427,700.00 222,020.00 3.54%

1.7 Doors 7,639,620.00 92,044.00 1.47%

1.8 Windows and curtain walling 22,154,560.00 266,922.00 4.26%

1.9 Floor finishes 21,001,640.00 253,032.00 4.04%

1.10 Wall finishes 12,824,950.00 154,517.00 2.46%

1.11 Ceiling finishes 6,225,450.00 75,005.00 1.20%

1.12 SUB-TOTAL 13,564,780.00 2,604,449.00 41.51%

2 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS2.1 Electrical installations 33,200,000.00 400,000.00 6.38%

2.2 2 No lifts 15,000,000.00 180,723.00 2.88%2.3 Conference facilities 12,000,000.00 144,578.00 2.31%

2.4PC sum for power supply 2,500,000.00 30,120.00 0.48%

2.5 Generator installation 8,000,000.00 96,386.00 1.54%

2.6Profit & attendance on electrical installations 2,828,000.00 34,072.00 0.54%

2.7 SUB-TOTAL 3,528,000.00 885,880.00 14.12%

3 MECHANICAL INSTALLATIONS

3.1Plumbing and drainage installations 30,000,000.00 5.76%

3.2 Kitchen equipment 15,000,000.00 2.88%

3.3Fire-fighting installations 4,000,000.00 0.77%



ELEMENT AMOUNT Percentage of total cost

Percentage of total cost IN KSHS. IN US $

3.4Air conditioning installations 28,000,000.00 5.38%

3.5

Profit & attendance on mechanical installations 3,080,000.00 0.59%

3.6 SUB-TOTAL 80,080,000.00 964,819.00 15.38%4 EXTERNAL WORKS

4.1 Landscaping 5,000,000.00 60,241.00 0.96%

4.2 Roads and paved areas 28,000,000.00 337,349.00 5.38%4.3 Drainage 2,000,000.00 24,096.00 0.38%

4.4 Boundary wall 5,000,000.00 60,241.00 0.96%4.5 SUB-TOTAL 40,000,000.00 481,928.00 7.68%5 SUB-TOTAL 407,172,780.00 3,086,377.00

6Add 6% of item 5 for preliminaries 24,430,366.80 297,931.00 4.69%

7Add 5% of item 5 for contingencies 20,358,639.00 92,591.31 3.91%

8Add 5% of item 5 for fluctuations 20,358,639.00 154,318.85 3.91%

Sub-total 65,147,644.80 784,911.00 12.52%

9 SUB-TOTAL 472,320,424.80 3,538,626.85

10Add 10% of item 9 for professional fees 47,232,042.48 569,061.00 9.07%

11Add 0.25% of item 9 disbursements 1,180,801.06 14,227.00 0.23%

12TOTAL DEVELOPMENT COST 520,733,268.34 6,273,894.80 100.00%



020 - Lake Victoria BioDiVersitY informatics PHase ii - ProJect concePt note

Project Title Lake Victoria Biodiversity Informatics Phase Ii (Lavibi) Sr. No. 020

Implementing Agency Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat, P.O. Box 1510-40100, Kisumu, KENYA


Project Goal: To improve sustainable management of Lake Victoria Basin natural resources through establishment of a biodiversity information management infrastructure at the Lake Victoria Basin Commission.Project Objective: To establish a functional web-based portal on the biodiversity of the Lake Victoria Basin under the framework of the Lake Victoria Basin Commission.


Lake Victoria is one of the most well studied lakes in Africa. International development partners including, World Bank, EU, GEF, IDA, IDRC, SIDA and NORAD have supported major initiatives in the lake such as LVEMP I, IFMP, LVFRP, VICRES, HEST and IFFIP. These projects have generated huge amounts of data. It is startling therefore that despite these efforts, there is no repository of data and associated information on any aspect of the biodiversity of the Lake Victoria Basin. Whenever such information is available, its distribution is either highly restricted or accessibility limited. The inaccessibility of such data has been one of the major contributors to the apparent duplication of effort, the incomplete species accounts and inability to validate taxonomic problems.Preparatory Studies include

• Ojwang, W. O., Abila, R.O, Mbabazi, D. and G. Ngupula (2008). The status of biodiversity in Lake Victoria Basin

• Aquatic biodiversity of Lake Victoria Basin (2009) – http://lvbcom.org/aquatic/index.html

Specific Objectives / strategies

i) To create and enabling institutional, policy and political framework for the establishment of the web-based Portal at the LVBC by 2015.

ii) To build appropriate and adequate human and technical capacity at the regional level to support the LVBC web based portal by 2015.

iii) To mobilize and avail quality data in appropriate formats to the LVBC/EAC web based portal on biodiversity by 2016.

Introduction and Context

The Lake Victoria Basin Commission has in the past four years worked closely with the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KENYA), National Fisheries Research Institute (Uganda); Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (Tanzania); and the National Museums of Kenya to implement the first Phase of the Lake Victoria Basin Biodiversity Informatics (LAVIBI) Project, funded by the JRS Foundation.

Building on the work and outcomes of its first phase, LVBC aims to establish a web-based portal on the Lake Victoria Biodiversity. The project is meant to improve sustainable management of the Lake Victoria Basin natural resources through establishment of a biodiversity information management infrastructure at the lake Victoria Basin Commission. Specifically, the project will create an enabling policy, institutional and political framework to support establishment of the web based portal; mobilize and avail quality data in appropriate formats and standards; design, implement and launch a fully operational web based portal; disseminate and communicate information and knowledge from the portal and enhance sustainability of the portal after the closure of the proposed project.



Relevance to Protocol requirements and Strategic Plan (2011-2016)

The project will contribute towards achieving sustainable development of LVB as per Article 24 of the Protocol for Sustainable Development for LVB. The project is also in line with the LVBC Strategic Plan 2011 - 2016 which aims at promoting knowledge management and information sharing in the sustainable management of natural resources in the LVB.

Expected Results 1. Establishment of a registry of institutions and projects on biodiversity in the Basin.

2. Development of an enabling policy framework for the web-based portal.3. Improved Human capacity and Skills at national institutions in EAC.4. Establishment of sufficient ICT infrastructure in place in key collaborating

institutions.5. Requisite biodiversity data and information mobilized and availed to the

web portal.Sustainability for the web-based portal enhanced.

Current Status Phase I of the project sought to develop and initiate institutional linkages; enhance institutional capacity in data capture and informatics; and review, synthesize, assemble, authenticate, and assemble existing datasets and information on biological diversity in the basin. Phase II Project will focus on the design and development of a portal using an informatics platform that best suits the project. This will include efforts to digitize the specimens and export data to the portal in order to operationalize it.

Preparation activities for Phase II and a detailed project proposal which has been reviewed by stakeholders is available.

Duration Three yearsEstimated Project Costs

USD 983,000



1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDThe East African Community comprising 5 member States – Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania, recognized that its’ five Partner States had a shared heritage and a common interest in Lake Victoria and its Basin; and therefore committed to ensure proper management and sustainability of the Basin’s resources for the benefit of present and future generations through the ratification of the Protocol for Sustainable Development of the Lake Victoria Basin.

The Protocol, which in turn, established the Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC), recognized that the Lake Victoria and its Basin was ecologically stressed and in danger of irreparable damage as environmental degradation including loss of biodiversity continues unabated. However, it acknowledged the shared commitment by Partner States to promote a coordinated effort towards sustainable development of the Lake Victoria Basin and noted that the Lake Victoria Basin is a designated regional economic growth zone to be managed in a coordinated manner for the benefits of the people of East Africa.

The Commission’s activities include harmonization of policies and laws on the management of the environment in the Lake and its catchment area, management and conservation of aquatic resources, including fisheries, economic activities in the development of fishing, industry, agriculture and tourism; and development of infrastructure. The Commission is expected to make a significant contribution towards reduction of poverty by uplifting the living standards of the people of the Lake region through economic growth, investments and sustainable development practices that are cognizant of the environment.

In delivering its mandate, LVBC works through a variety of partnerships and relies heavily on the institutional resources within the region. In defining its priorities and actions, LVBC continuously engages its stakeholders for review, evaluation and feedback. For example, in June 2012, LVBC held its’ 3rd Stakeholder’s Forum in Entebbe, Uganda. The stakeholders agreed and recommended 19 action and priorities for action by Governments, Private Sector, Non-State Actors, Development Partners, and the EAC as appropriate. These included the request to:

i) Form a platform for institutions in LVB to generate and freely share knowledge, and encourage institutions in the basin to establish an East African information node to link up with other nodes around the world;

ii) Improve communication products through partnerships with Private sector players in order to reach broader user groups through Public Private Partnerships sourcing; and

iii) Develop the Basin as a digital society.

It is therefore within the context of its mandate and further requests from its stakeholders and institutional partners that LVBC has developed the LAVIBI Phase II proposal to the JRS Biodiversity Foundation for funding. The Proposal has been developed through a consultative process including key partners, other stakeholders and EAC headquarters.

2.0 ProBLem statementThe Lake Victoria Basin is one of the most studies Great Lakes of Africa. There is a vast amount of data and information available, scattered in a variety of institutions in East Africa and abroad, as well as held by individual researchers and teams. However, from a research perspective, these datasets and information are not easily or universally accessible, have been collected in different formats and scales and are



constrained by species description and taxonomic inadequacies. The has led to knowledge gaps, poor resolution and representativeness, duplication of efforts and hence data and information can neither be effectively transformed nor analyzed for generation of knowledge for planning, decision making and policy formulation.

Further there has been limited investment in relevant technologies and infrastructure at institutional level, no coordination mechanism for handling biodiversity data, a lack of a regional accepted data sharing framework, limited development of data access and sharing policies, limited alignment of research efforts to government priorities, lack of resources and overlapping/conflicting institutional mandates. This has led to an ad hoc approach to development of biodiversity information management systems. Coupled with inadequate equipment, manpower, technical know-how and limited funding, the net outcome is that most of the data at institutional level is not collated, integrated or analyzed. This has resulted in inadequate information dissemination and incompatible information systems; parallel efforts and the development of information systems in the region; policy development devoid of empirical evidence and inadequate investment in capacity building in biodiversity informatics.

From an ICT perspective, the efforts developing biodiversity management information systems in biodiversity at relevant institutions has been compromised through use of incompatible formats and standards due to limited coordination and training. This has led to lack of system interoperability. In addition, there is no single access point to data and information; limited trust among data providers; limited experiences in maintenance and management of data and information; insufficient infrastructure; poor criteria in selecting personnel for capacity building and weak system development methodologies including poor selection of software tools.

As such, while there are vast amounts of data and information on the Basin biodiversity, regional development and conservation objectives are all hindered by lack of access to key and pertinent information in a timely and effective manner in turn compromising efforts to sustainably manage the Lake resources for the benefit of all the people in the Basin. These ultimately lead to overexploitation of natural resources, unsustainable management, unsustainable planning and biodiversity loss leading to loss of livelihoods and increase in poverty.

It is important to note that there have been previous efforts to consolidate information on Lake Victoria biodiversity including:

i) The first lake wide survey in 1928,ii) The creation of the regional East African Fisheries Research Organization to collect relevant data

to support fisheries in the Lake Region with major assessments were undertaken between 1969 and 1974,

iii) The Lake Victoria Fisheries Research Project 1996 to 2002,iv) Lake Victoria Environment Management Project funded by the GEF (LVEMP 1) 1997-2005, andv) Integrated Fisheries Management Plan, 2003-2008.

The SAMAKI fisheries and EAFISH databases are some of the regional outputs from these projects. However, to date there is no functional one-stop shop where biodiversity data collected by universities and research institutions, various projects and programmes, can be easily accessed, analyzed and used for planning and decision making. The study on the aquatic biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin by ACTS



(2011) provides a good analysis of the problem and provides useful tools and guidance for data collection, harmonization and integration in the Lake Region.

While these efforts have focused mainly on the data and information, to date, no process has been put in place to address the key technical and technological bottleneck, which is the infrastructure needed to facilitate the data collection, harmonization, integration, analysis, visualization, and dissemination, hence the LAVIBI Phase II Project.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificance The LAVIBI Phase II Project will harmonize and integrate the varied data sets identified so that through use of a variety of tools including analysis, repackaging, etc, these data can be transformed into knowledge. The LAVIBI Phase I identified existing key data sets and developed an ACCESS file of 84,066 data entries. Key international data holders identified who would be relevant to this project include the Dutch (HEST) team, Leiden University, from McGill University, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology-Lab. on fish ecology and evolution, Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Natural Museum of Central Africa, British Museum and the American Museum of Natural History

Further LAVIBI Phase I partner institutions consolidated2,037 Museum collections in ACCESS, 50,000 entries based on research expeditions in Excel, 200 Thesis (masters & PhD)-, 2000 Institutional technical reports, 35 EAFRRO annual reports, 2000 Government reports, 650 Open source journal articles (1955-), 20,230 Articles requiring subscription- (1868-), 2600 Bibliography, 5 GIS maps and Land sat maps with Resolution-28.5m at the equator http://gloves.usg.gov..

The portal will therefore be designed for both for consolidation and dissemination. Usable data and information will be availed to provide pertinent answers, and interactions with stakeholders will enable new needs to be defined, new communications to be developed to enhance attitude change and policy tools to support decision-making and planning. Backstopping this framework will be a network of data providers, training and capacity building as well maintaining and investing in infrastructure.

In achieving this purpose, the project will build on previous experiences, collaborate with ongoing initiatives and learn from other international experiences.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveProject goal is to improve sustainable management of Lake Victoria Basin natural resources through establishment of a biodiversity information management infrastructure at the Lake Victoria Basin Commission. Project objective is to establish a functional web-based portal on the biodiversity of the Lake Victoria Basin under the framework of the Lake Victoria Basin Commission. LAVIBI II specific objectives are tabulated below:

Objective A To create and enabling institutional, policy and political framework for the establishment of the web based Portal at the LVBC by 2015.

Objective B To build appropriate and adequate human and technical capacity at the regional level to support the LVBC web based portal by 2015.



Objective C To mobilize and avail quality data in appropriate formats to the LVBC/EAC web based portal on biodiversity by 2016.

Objective D To design, implement and launch a fully operational web based portal on lake Victoria Basin biodiversity at LVBC by 2016.

Objective E To disseminate and communicate information and knowledge products on Lake Victoria Basin Biodiversity through the Portal by 2016.

Objective F To effectively implement the LVBC/EAC Lake Victoria Basin Biodiversity Informatics Project and enhance its sustainability by 2016.

Objective A: To create and enabling institutional, policy and political framework for the establishment of the web based Portal at the LVBC by 2015.There are four key activities under this objective as summarized below:

i) Establishment of the appropriate institutional and administrative framework for the project aligned with existing EAC/LVBC policies and procedures as well as procurement of key staff.

ii) Establishment of a registry of institutions and projects on biodiversity in the Basin. iii) Development of an enabling policy framework for the web based portal. iv) Hold an Project Inception workshop:

Objective B: To create and enabling institutional, policy and political framework for the establishment of the web based Portal at the LVBC by 2015.This objective addresses the IT, policy and research challenges posed by limited investment in biodiversity informatics. The key activities under this objective are summarized below:

i) Improving human capacity and skills at national institutions in the EAC: ii) Providing sufficient ICT infrastructure in key collaborating institutions.

Objective C: To mobilize and avail quality data in appropriate formats to the LVBC/EAC web based portal on biodiversity by 2016.This objective will mainly be achieved by collaborative efforts of researchers, national institutions and LVBC. The key activities under this objective are summarized below:

i) Mobilizing and availing the requisite biodiversity data and information to the web portal.ii) Develop, update and upload species checklists for Lake Victoria on the Portal. iii) Avail data in compatible formats and universal standards.

Objective D: To design, implement and launch a fully operational web based portal on Lake Victoria Basin biodiversity at LVBC by 2016.The key activities under this objective are summarized below:

i) Define system requirements for the web based Portal. ii) Develop and launch a functional portal.

Objective E: To disseminate and communicate information and knowledge products on Lake Victoria Basin Biodiversity through the Portal by 2016.The key activity under this objective is to effectively communicate information and knowledge through the portal.



Objective F:To effectively implement the LVBC/EAC Lake Victoria Basin Biodiversity Informatics Project and enhance its sustainability by 2016.Given the scale of investment, sustainability is a critical concern and a deliberate effort to develop a project exit strategy must be made. The two key activities under this objective are summarized below:

i) Effectively implement the EAC/LVBC LAVIBI II project.ii) Enhance sustainability for the web-based portal

4.3 Expected Outputsi) Appropriate institutional and administrative framework for the project establishedii) Registry of institutions and projects on biodiversity establishediii) An enabling policy framework for a web based portal at LVBC created.iv) Key stakeholders defined and effectively engagementv) Human capacity and skills improved at national institutions in the EAC Partner States and LVBC

Secretariatvi) Sufficient ICT Infrastructure in place at national institutions in the EAC Partner States and LVBC

Secretariatvii) Requisite biodiversity data and information mobilized and availed to the web portalviii) Species checklists for Lake Victoria Region in place and updated on the portalix) Data available in compatible formats and universal standards.x) System requirements defined for the web based portalxi) Functional portal in placexii) Information and knowledge effectively disseminated through the portalxiii) Sustainability for the web based portal at LVBC enhanced

4.4 Project AreaThe project will be implemented in selected institutions in the EAC Partner States and at the LVBC Secretariat.

4.5 Project designThis will be a three- year project to be implemented in two distinct phases namely the preliminary phase and the implementation phase. The preliminary phase will entail needs assessment and planning. The implementation phase will encompass capacity building, development of institutional frameworks and structures and interventions.

4.6 Project implementation ApproachThe project will be implemented by several partners including researchers, relevant government departments, LVBC Secretariat and other stakeholders. LVBC will perform the overall coordination of the project including fund management, overseeing capacity building and establishment of institutional frameworks and structures and implementation processes. Government departments and other stakeholders will provide technical support and also oversee implementation. In addition, involvement of the relevant government departments will ensure that interventions put in place will continue beyond the project life cycle.



4.7 BeneficiariesThe main beneficiaries of this Project are at three levels:

i) At policy level, the EAC and LVBC are the main beneficiaries through the institutional strengthening and capacity building to enhance delivery of their mandate – provision of information and data on biodiversity and natural resources for decision making, planning, economic development and poverty alleviation.

ii) At technical level, the research and academic institutions are beneficiaries through provision of resources for capacity building, coordination, and harmonization to support data mobilization, migration and integration on biodiversity of Lake Victoria. The web portal will eventually not only provide the data but additional resources for networking to support the research teams achieve their outputs more effectively. Further, through this work, research gaps, will be more clearly defined allowing further work to be undertaken.

iii) At institutional level, this project will enhance and streamline data handling and mobilization, provide incentives for data providers, raise the profile of biodiversity informatics and provide technical and infrastructural support.

iv) The policy-making and decision-making stakeholders, including planners and conservation managers are the key beneficiaries since the project will provide the much needed data and information for science-based policy making.

v) Finally the project will develop a web portal for general information for the Public on the Lake Victoria Basin Biodiversity.

5.0 monitorinG anD eVaLUationThe elements of the log frame have been defined to include key result areas, related to the objectives of the Project and activities. These key results will form the basis of the Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. While indicators and means of verification have been elaborated in the log frame, it is anticipated that during the inception workshop, three groups in the thematic areas (research, policy and ICT) will review the log frame and agree key milestones and deliverables. The Project Coordinator will then use this to define the final monitoring and evaluation framework for the Project.


No. Project Component Funding Requested

Eac/Lvbc Budget Input

1. Create and enabling institutional, policy and political framework for the establishment of the web based Portal

$82,500 Staff costs - admin

2. Build appropriate and adequate human and technical capacity build at the regional level to support the LVBC web based portal.

$96,000 Staff costs – logistics and admin

3. Mobilize and avail quality data in appropriate formats to the LVBC/EAC web based portal on biodiversity.

$247,500 Staff costs partner institutions



4. Design, implement and launch a fully operational web based portal on lake Victoria Basin biodiversity at LVBC.

$140,100 Staff costs IT department

5. Disseminate and communicate information and knowledge products on Lake Victoria Basin Biodiversity through the Portal.

$74,000 Staff costs-communication and outreach department

6. Effectively implement the LVBC/EAC Lake Victoria Basin Biodiversity Informatics Project and enhance its sustainability.

$328,500 Staff costs-admin

7. Contingency due to inflation $15,000Total $983,600



021 - Lake Victoria Basin knoWLeDGe manaGementPROJECT CONCEPT NOTE

Project Title Lake Victoria Basin Knowledge Management Project Sr. No.021

Implementing Agency LVBC Secretariat jointly with the EAC Partner States of Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda


Project Goal: To establish an efficient and comprehensive Knowledge Management system at the Lake Victoria Basin Commission that will promote, facilitate and coordinate better and more sustainable development of the Lake Basin.

Project objective: To strengthen the Knowledge Management function at LVBC.


The project is designed to support the implementation of the provisions of the Protocol for Sustainable Development of Lake Victoria Basin and the Development Objectives of the Lake Victoria Basin Strategic Plan 2011-2016.

Article 24 provides for the exchange of data and information among Partner States and other stakeholders as a means for conducive environment of advancing the sustainable development agenda in the Lake Victoria Basin. Development Objective 2 of the Strategic Plan 2011-2016 provides for the enhancement of cooperation between LVBC, the EAC organs, institutions and Partners establishing sustainable mechanisms of partnerships/collaborations.


vii) The Lake Victoria Basin Commission Knowledge Management Strategy;

viii) The Lake Victoria Basin Commission proposed Knowledge Management implementation plan.

Specific objectives i) To improve the gathering, storage and sharing of knowledge amongst key actors in the Lake Victoria Basin; and

ii) To ensure that critical policies and decisions on sustainable development in the Lake Victoria Basin are informed by knowledge in and outside LVBC.

Expected Results i) Policies and decisions on Lake Victoria Basin evidently informed by knowledge in and out of the commission;

ii) A high level of efficiency in Knowledge management at LVBC.Current Status Knowledge Management Strategy and project conceptualization

completed.Duration Three yearsEst. Project Cost USD 2,978,000

1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDLake Victoria Basin was designated as an “area of common economic interest” and declared a “regional economic growth zone” to be developed jointly by the EAC Partner States. With that declaration, the Partner States committed to ensuring proper management and sustainability of the Basin’s resources



for the benefit of present and future generations through the ratification of the Protocol for Sustainable Development of the Lake Victoria Basin.

2.0 ProBLem statementGiven the importance of the Lake Victoria and its basin to economic development, it became the new focus of attention in East Africa. Several stakeholders, including universities and research institutions, public and private, have undertaken programmes, projects, studies and other initiatives to promote sustainable development efforts in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB). Out of this considerable amount of information and knowledge have been generated and is held in various locations due to lack of a framework and an integrated system for storage and dissemination. This scenario has often lead to waste of valuable time and resources in ‘reinventing the wheel’ or failing to access the highest quality knowledge and available expertise. The majority of stakeholders in the region who need knowledge for decision making and management of the resources have no access, and therefore do not benefit from it.

To address the above scenario, LVBC has established a Resource Centre, whose vision is to become a one stop information and knowledge hub for specialised information relating to Lake Victoria Basin. A draft data, information and knowledge sharing protocol has been developed and is currently undergoing EAC approval processes. The Information Sharing Protocol is expected to support current and future trans-boundary information sharing initiatives in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB). Other ongoing initiatives includes: development of knowledge management strategy for LVB; development of institutional repository; development of the web portal; development of a communication strategy for LVB and publication and dissemination of various knowledge products.

3.0 ProJect JUstification anD siGnificance Information and knowledge are powerful tools that contribute towards achievement of the sustainable development and poverty eradication agenda of the LVB. Key stakeholders in the Basin have continuously generated valuable information and knowledge that remains largely inaccessible. The steady accumulation of information and knowledge over the years in Lake Victoria Basin needs to be matched with equivalent efforts to harness it for the benefit of all stakeholders including Policy Makers, Investors, Universities, Research Institutions, Regional Bodies, and community based Organizations.

The Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) is responsible for coordinating the sustainable development agenda of the Lake Victoria Basin. Towards implementation of its development agenda, LVBC is coordinating the implementation of programs and projects in the Basin which has lead to enormous production of information and knowledge. The programs and projects which also act as knowledge generators are:

• Trans-boundary Water for Biodiversity and Human Health in the Mara River Basin (TWBHH-MRB) Project;

• Maritime Communications for Safety on Lake Victoria;• Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Initiatives Programme;• Mount Elgon Regional Ecosystem Conservation Programme;• Lake Victoria Basin HIV&AIDS Partnership (EALP) Programme;• Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project; and• LVB Partnership Fund funded projects

For this information and knowledge to benefit the management of the lake and its basin, there is need to transform LVBC into a centre of excellence in Knowledge Management.



4.0 ProJect DescriPtion The development of an integrated knowledge management framework and system for lake Victoria Basin Commission will provide an enabling knowledge sharing environment to foster learning and organizational development. This framework contains four interrelated components namely; Knowledge integration, Infrastructure, Knowledge mapping and mining and project coordination and management. Knowledge Management framework project aims at ensuring that knowledge Management is mainstreamed into LVBC operations and business processes. The project will be implemented at LVBC which included the Secretariat and the National focal point Ministries in the Partner states.

4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveProject Goal: To transform Lake Victoria Basin Commission into a one-stop hub for knowledge on sustainable development and poverty eradication in Lake Victoria Basin.

Project Objective: To strengthen the Knowledge Management function at LVBC.

The specific objectives are to:i) To improve the gathering, storage and sharing of knowledge amongst key actors in the Lake

Victoria Basin; andii) To ensure that critical policies and decisions on sustainable development in the Lake Victoria Basin

are informed by knowledge in and outside LVBC.



4.5 Description of activities by component

Componet Component Description1.0 Knowledge management

integration• Mainstream knowledge management into all project

design;• Develop a platform to facilitate science-policy dialogue

to bridge the gap between policy makers and scientists;• Revise the existing monitoring tools to incorporate

knowledge management;• Develop guiding principles on formation of partnerships

and networks;• Develop and promote knowledge management tools and

systems towards integration within day to day business of LVBC;

• Disseminate information about organisation’s knowledge sharing management to internal and external including organising knowledge sharing events , maintaining communication on knowledge sharing across organisation and organising training sessions

• Organise outreach activities• Organise regular stakeholders forums;• Organise regular exchange visits • Organise yearly award ceremony• Capacity building and staff training• Hire skilled staff• Embed knowledge management activities into the

employees annual appraisal• Award and motivate knowledge champions• Develop a sustainability plan

2.0 InfrastructureFacilitiesEquipmentRepositoriesToolsHardwareSoftware

These are tools and technologies that will facilitate the flow of knowledge within and without LVBC. Collected knowledge will be centrally stored for access by all parties through:

Development of repositories; knowledge portals; intranets; resource centre (additional space, partitioning & furniture); design data collection templates; databases; electronic archives; mailing list; social networking platform; social collaboration platform



3.0 Information management

• Acquire information based on the 14 areas of cooperation as identified by the protocol for sustainable development of LVB;

• Process the information resources;• Develop a web based integrated information

management system;• Dissemination of information;• Conduct selective dissemination of information;• Market the resource centre to stakeholders;• Facilitate the implementation of information sharing

protocol4.0 Knowledge mapping and

mining• Mobilise staff to share information / tacit knowledge

from the past;• Design knowledge management templates;• Design databases to store knowledge mined;• Configuring automatic data mining from staff computers

to the server;• Digitising existing hard copies of policy and historical

information;• Capturing lessons learnt and best practices for possible

replication;• Develop experts directory for knowledge mapping;• Trace historical data• Promotion of knowledge sharing through the

organisations business processes and systems;• Facilitate documentation of lessons learnt and best

practices through workshops and one on one guidance;• Promote collaborative tools to facilitate sharing of ideas

and work among internal and external partners;5.0 Project Coordination

and management• Regional coordination team established within LVBC• Monitoring and evaluation of knowledge management

programs including external benchmarking and evaluation programs;

4.6 Expected Outcomes and OutputsThis project is intended to achieve excellence in knowledge creation, storage and sharing at LVBC and the following outcomes are expected;Outcome 1: Knowledge management platform established and best practices disseminated to guide the replication of the same by LVBC and other stakeholders in the region

a. Output 1.1: Lessons learned, tools and best practices in sustainable development of LVB, are documented, managed and disseminated.

b. Output 1.2: Functional ICT infrastructure supporting KM functionsc. Output 1.3: A sharing culture established within LVBC



Outcome 2: Enhanced awareness amongst the stakeholders on Sustainable development in Lake Victoria basin.

a. Output 2.1: Enhanced public access to information and knowledge base.b. Output 2.2: Strengthened partnerships for knowledge gathering and sharing.c. Output2.3: Seamless flow of information to and from LVBC:

Outcome 3: LVBC established as a critical source of sustainable development-related knowledge;

a. Output 3.1: Strengthened resource centre to serve all stakeholders both internally and external.b. Output 3.2: Enhanced tools for Knowledge sharing.c. Output 3.3: Staff capacity build to incorporate knowledge management skills.

Outcome 4: LVBC Staff capture, share and reapply knowledge in order to foster on-going learning.

a. Output 4.1: Establish new knowledge networks and strengthen existing onesb. Output 4.2: Llessons learnt recorded from transitioning and outstanding projects.c. Output 4.3: Learning forums established within the organization.

5.0 ProJect BeneficiariesThe targeted beneficiaries from this activity will include but not limited to the following:

i) Members of staff for LVBC staff and National Focal Point Ministries;ii) Universities and tertiary learning institutions;iii) Riparian communities in the Lake Victoria Basin;iv) Local authorities within the Basin;v) Civil societies and community based organisationsvi) Consultants and Researchersvii) Prospective investors;viii) Development Partners; ix) Policy makers;x) International organisations with interest in the sustainable development agenda of Lake Victoria

Basin.

6.0 estimateD ProJect BUDGetBudget summary by component

Component 2013/2014 2014/2015 2015/2016 Total

1.0 Knowledge management integration

320,000 170,000 170,000 660,000

2.0 Infrastructure 140,000 247,000 47,000 434,0003.0 Information management

160,000 80,000 80,000 320,000

4.0 Knowledge mapping and mining

338,000 253,000 253,000 844,000

5.0 Project Coordination and management

290,000 215,000 215,000 720,000

Grand total 1,248,000 965,000 765,000 2,978,000



4.0. aPPenDiX i: ProPoseD BUDGet

Component Description 2013/2014 2014/2015 2015/2016 Total1.0 Knowledge management integration

Mobilisation of internal knowledge champions

20,000 20,000

Revision of monitoring tools

50,000 20,000 20,000 90,000

Design integration guidelines

20,000 20,000

Facilitation of interaction between researchers and policy- makers

200,000 100,000 100,000 400,000

Facilitation of knowledge sharing activities

50,000 50,000 50,000 150,000

Sub-total 320,000 170,000 170,000 660,0002.0 Infrastructure Develop an online

collaboration and social network

20,000 7,000 7,000 34,000

Strengthen existing knowledge sharing systems

20,000 10,000 10,000 10,000

Upgrading the resource centre

100,000 230,000 30,000 360,000

Sub-total 140,000 247,000 47,000 434,0003.0 Information management

Facilitate the implementation of information sharing protocol

100,000 50,000 50,000 200,000

Build a relevant collection of information

40,000 15,000 15,000 70,000

Market the resource centre to stakeholders

10,000 10,000 10,000 30,000

Upgrade the information management system

10,000 5,000 5,000 20,000

Sub-total 160,000 80,000 80,000 320,0004.0 Knowledge mapping and mining

Mobilise and train staff on knowledge mining skills

20,000 20,000 20,000 60,000

Set up an automated data mining system

50,000 10,000 10,000 70,000

Digitise historical and other relevant information

50,000 10,000 10,000 70,000

Continuous capturing and documenting lessons learnt

10,000 10,000 10,000 30,000

Develop a knowledge directory

8,000 3,000 3,000 14,000

Convening knowledge weeks, stakeholders forum, annual awards ceremonies, outreach activities

200,000 200,000 200,000 600,000

Sub-total 338,000 253,000 253,000 844,0005.0 Project Coordination and management

Project monitoring and evaluation

20,000 20,000 20,000 60,000

Capacity building and staff training

100,000 25,000 25,000 150,000

Human resources 140,000 140,000 140,000 420,000Operational cost 30,000 30,000 30,000 90,000

Sub- total 290,000 215,000 215,000 720,000

GRAND TOTAL 1,248,000 965,000 765,000 2,978,000



022 - enHancement of remote sensinG anD GeoGraPHic information sYstem (Gis) caPacitY for LVBc secretariat - ProJect concePt note

Project Title Enhancement Of Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System (Gis) Capacity For Lvbc Secretariat

Sr No022

Implementing Agency The Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat jointly with the EAC Partner States.


Project Goal -to Establish Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) capacity at the LVBC Secretariat by procuring appropriate soft and hardware resources and training

Project Objective: To establish Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) capacity at the LVBC Secretariat to enable it to collect, collate and produce natural resources data and information on key assets in the basin (lake, river, land, fisheries, water catchments, transport, wetlands, Forest, wildlife, mines as well as protected areas like national parks for improved management).


This project is in line with LVBC Strategic plan (2011-2016) under monitoring of natural resources.


This GIS lab will allow LVBC to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps, reports, and charts. It will also help LVBC Secretariat to provide answers to questions related to land use, hydrology, and biodiversity management; improve the Secretariat’s communication and presentation of information and critical statistics among others.


a) To establish Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Lab with ArcGIS software 9.13; Desks top computer DELL OR HP –braded; min 4GB OR RUM; SORAGE NOT BELLOW 320 GB; SPEED DOQUO; Server/Windows Server 2003 + Configuration; and printer; and satellite imagery processors;

b) To install both hard and software; andc) To train LVBC Staff on the use and application of GIS technologies.

Expected Resultsa) Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Lab with ArcGIS

software 9.13; Desks top computer DELL OR HP –braded; min 4GB OR RUM; SORAGE NOT BELLOW 320 GB; SPEED DOQUO; Server/Windows Server 2003 + Configuration; printer and satellite imagery processor established;

b) GIS Hard and Software installed; andc) LVBC Staff trained on the use and application of Remote Sensing /GIS

technologies

Current Status No GIS Capacity at LVBC Secretariat Possible gaps if on-going No Funding Duration Purchase installation and training will take 6 month. Estimated Project Cost US$ 300,000




1.0 introDUction anD BackGroUnDLake Victoria is Africa’s largest and the world’s second largest freshwater lake. It is one of the most important shared natural resources in the region and is a unifying factor for the five Partner States of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. The lake and its catchments form a Basin that is valued for its socio-economic potential in addition to its immense ecological values including a reservoir of biodiversity. The economic potential of the catchment is based on the rich agricultural soils, abundant rainfall, and significant minerals deposits, among others.

Lake Victoria has one of the world’s largest freshwater fishery resources of both local and global significance. The lake is of critical importance to the region’s society and economy as it is a tourist attraction, a source of food, water for agricultural and hydroelectric power production, transport as well as drinking water for about 10 million people on its shores, and for a huge livestock and wildlife population in the region. The Lake Victoria basin ecosystems and associated watersheds are rich in ecological services and goods and provide many forest resources, fisheries, tourism, agriculture, water, energy/power, industry and transport resources that sustain livelihoods of the local communities and national/regional development.

The watersheds in the Lake Victoria basin are important sources of water that feed Lake Victoria (and, thus, incidentally, the River Nile). Globally, Lake Victoria is of great scientific interest because of its ecological value and biodiversity richness, for example, the lake harbors over 350 endemic fish species. The ecosystems in the basin are dynamic and increasingly undergoing degradation. There are rapid changes associated with sedimentation, eutrophication and water quality degradation. These must be monitored, evaluated and reported on a regular basis. Integrated natural resources management supported by remote sensing and GIS generated data could significantly contribute to the sustainable management of the Lake and its Basin.

Lake Victoria Basin Commission intends to Establish Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Lab which will integrate hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information on Lake Victoria Basin land use, hydrology, and biodiversity management.

2.0 ProBLem statementThe natural resources of the Lake Victoria ecosystems and watersheds are degrading fast mainly due to increased demand and unsustainable utilization of these natural resources. Since 1960’s the lake environment and its natural resources have come under severe stress as a result of multiple activities arising from human population in the basin, which is growing at 3.6% per annum. Within the Lake Victoria basin, increasing urbanization, industrialization, poverty among the lake basin communities, poorly regulated development and weak enforcement of existing legislation has resulted in poor land use practices that lead to soils degradation, exploitative and non-sustainable use of fisheries resources, wetlands degradation, deforestation, poor waste management and discharges into the lake, among others. This trend poses many threats to the ecological well being of the waters of the lake, the lake basin and associated watersheds and the well being of the peoples of the larger lake ecosystem who directly depend on these resources. The most pressing threat now is the falling water levels of the lake and the resultant decline in the social, economic and ecological benefits of the lake. Furthermore degradation of the natural resource base of the lake basin and its watersheds is primarily attributed to:



• Inadequacies in policies and regulations regarding natural management and development;• Weak institutional capacities to enforce regulations on development planning and land

management;• Limited innovations to sustainable use of natural resources; • Market forces leading to competition between natural resources management (forestry, fisheries,

land, wetlands) and other forms of land use and development options;• Inadequate involvement of local communities (and other stakeholders) in planning for investments

in natural resources utilization and development; and• Un-sustainable use of natural resources (especially, land, forests and wetlands)• Poor or lack of, land use plans.

To be able to address these challenges, there is need for an elaborate and comprehensive land use planning that is guided by reliable spatial data. Currently such data are not readily available especially for regional planning.

3.0 JUstificationDespite of the natural resources abundance in Lake Victoria Basin and the need for an elaborate centre for generating spatial data for land use planning, Lake Victoria Basin Commission Secretariat which is the institution mandated by Partner States to coordinate sustainable management of the resources in the Basin doesn’t use GIS technology to monitor and provide visual evidence on the management status of these natural resources. This is mainly due to lack of infrastructure that would support a regional remote sensing and GIS data generation. To address the myriad of land use based challenges being currently witnessed in the Basin, the LVBC Secretariat requires a well equipped remote sensing and GIS state-of-the-art technologies, which will transform information about the Basin into spatially accurate mapping and GIS products for use in GIS, engineering, environment management design, and other land and information management environments.This GIS lab will allow LVBC to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data (wetland Fisheries, Forest, wildlife, mines and protected areas) in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps, reports, and charts. This GIS lab will help LVBC Secretariat to provide answers to questions related to land use, hydrology, and biodiversity management among others.

There is need for LVBC to link up with other players in managing LV ecosystem who already have GIS/RS capability and hence a requirement for adopting the same language or better technology. It is generally acknowledged that GIS/RS is the cheapest and modern method that is scientifically malleable.

4.0 ProJect DescriPtion

4.1 Project Goal and ObjectiveProject Goal -to Establish Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) capacity at the LVBC Secretariat by procuring appropriate soft and hardware resources and training

Project Objective: To establish Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) capacity at the LVBC Secretariat to enable it to collect, collate and produce natural resources data and information on key assets in the basin (lake, river, land, fisheries, water catchments, transport, wetlands, Forest, wildlife, mines as well as protected areas like national parks for improved management).



The specific objectives are to:a) Establish Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Lab with ArcGIS software

9.13; Desks top computer DELL OR HP –braded; min 4GB OR RUM; SORAGE NOT BELLOW 320 GB; SPEED DOQUO; Server/Windows Server 2003 + Configuration; and printer; and satellite imagery processors;

b) Hardware and software acquisition; andc) Training of LVBC regional and national staff on the use and application of GIS lab.

4.2 Expected Resultsa) Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Lab with ArcGIS software 9.13; Desks

top computer DELL OR HP –braded; min 4GB OR RUM; SORAGE NOT BELLOW 320 GB; SPEED DOQUO; Server/Windows Server 2003 + Configuration; printer and satellite imagery processor established;

b) GIS Hard and Software installed; andc) LVBC Staff trained on the use and application of Remote Sensing /GIS technologies

4.3 Implementation arrangement:This project will be coordinated by LVBC Secretariat and implemented through qualified Consultant. The consultant will have the following tasks:

a) Conduct situational assessment to National and LVBC Secretariat GIS data base and identify what hard and software are needed; what spatial and non-spatial statistical and qualitative data; what qualified technical staff are needed to collect/capture and analyse land use, hydrology and biodiversity data in LVBC

b) Propose required improvement of the National GIS offices and database c) establish a computerised GIS database and equip LVBC GIS office (Develop a customize GIS,

mapping system and database; with ArcGIS software 9.13; Desks top computer DELL OR HP –braded; min 4GB OR RUM; SORAGE NOT BELLOW 320 GB; SPEED DOQUO and Server/ Windows Server 2003 + Configuration; printer )

d) Conduct extensive consultations with potential data custodians regionally and internationally for assessing existing database on LVB land use, hydrology and biodiversity among others

e) Collaborate with National and LVBC staff to synchronise national and regional GIS database; f) Conduct need assessment at National and LVBC and train staff on GIS, land use, hydrology and

biodiversity data collection, storage and analysis; and g) Establish the remote sensing and GIS lab; and train LVBC staff.



5.0 monitorinG anD eVaLUation Monitoring and evaluation framework of the project will be established to allow the LVBC Secretariat and Development Partner to track the implementation status and results of the project.

6.0 estimateD ProJect BUDGetThe development of this project will cost approximately USD 300,000 (Three Hundred Thousands Only)

Activity Budget (US$)Purchase of remote sensing and GIS equipments 200,000Consultant to develop GIS and conduct Training 70,000Capacity building (training) 30,000TOTAL 300,000



concLUsion

The Project Concept Notes provided in this booklet have the potential to mobilize more that USD 700million. It is this sort of funding that will ultimately translate the LVB into an Economic Growth Zone as anticipated by the 1st East African Cooperation Development Strategy. The Basin currently boasts of a GDP of USD 40 billion (which is slightly over 50% of the entire region). The project generated from the PCNs proposed will certainly act as a stimulus for environmental, social and economic development of the Basin.