labor standard.docx

7/24/2019 Labor Standard.docx

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Republic of the PhilippinesSUPREME COURT

Manila

SECOND DIVISION

G.R. No. 192826 February 27, 2013

PH!PPNE P!"#" HO!$NGS, NC.,Petitioner,vs.M". F!OR" M. EPSCOPE,Respondent.

D E C I S I O N

PER!"S%&ERN"&E, J.:

his is a petition for revie! on certiorari under Rule "# of the Rules of Court assailin$ the March %&,

%'(' Decision(

and )ul* #, %'(' Resolution%

rendered b* the Court of +ppeals C+- in C+/.R. SPNo. ('%(00. he C+ reversed and set aside the Resolutions1of the National 2abor RelationsCo33ission N2RC- dared Ma* 1', %''4 and Nove3ber (", %''4 in N2RC NCR C+ No. '"4(04'&5N2RC NCR(%(1&%('" and thereb* declared respondent to have been ille$all* dis3issed.

Petitioner Philippine Pla6a 7oldin$s, Inc. PP7I- is the o!ner and operator of the 8estin PhilippinePla6a 7otel 7otel-. Respondent Ma. 9lora M. Episcope Episcope- !as e3plo*edb* PP7I since)ul* %", (:0" until she !as ter3inated on Nove3ber ", %''" for dishonest*, !illful disobedience andserious 3isconduct a3ountin$ to loss of trust and confidence.

In order to chec; the perfor3ance of the e3plo*ees and the services in the different outlets of the7otel, PP7I re$ularl* e3plo*ed the services of independent auditors and5or professional

shoppers.9or this purpose,S*cip, /orres and Vela*oauditors dined at the 7otelased on the auditreport#sub3itted to PP7I, Episcope !as one of those !ho attended to the auditors and !as the one!ho handed the chec; and received the pa*3ent of P%,"''.''. She thereafter returned Chec; No.#:10, !hich !as sta3p 3ar;ed ?paid,? to$ether !ith the chan$e.

@pon verification of the fore$oin$ chec; receipt !ith the sales report of Caf= Pla6a, it !asdiscovered that the 7otelAs cop* of the receipt bore a discount of P:'&."#&on account of the use of aStar!ood Privile$e Discount Card re$istered in the na3e of Peter +. Pa3intuan, !hile the receiptissued b* Episcope to the auditors reflected the undiscounted a3ount of P%,1'&.considerin$ thatnone of the auditors had such discount card. In vie! of the fore$oin$, the a3ount actuall* re3itted tothe 7otel !as onl* P(,"''.%'thus, leavin$ a shorta$e of P:'&."#.

On Septe3ber 1', %''", the 7otel issued a Sho!Cause Me3o4directin$ Episcope to eBplain in!ritin$ !h* no disciplinar* action should be ta;en a$ainst her for the uestionable andinvaliddiscount application on the settle3ent chec; issued to the auditors on +u$ust %0, %''".
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In her hand!ritten letter,0Episcope ad3itted that she !as on dut* on the date and ti3e in uestionbut alle$ed that she could no lon$er recall if the concerned $uests presented a Star!ood Privile$eDiscount Card.

On October ", %''", Episcope !as placed on preventive suspension !ithout pa*.:Durin$ thead3inistrative hearin$ on October &, %''", Episcope, !ho !as therein assisted b* the @nion

President and four union representatives fro3 National @nion of 8or;ers in 7otel Restaurant and+llied Industries N@87R+IN-Philippine Pla6a 7otel Chapter, confir3ed the fact that she !as theone !ho presented the subect chec; and received the correspondin$ pa*3ent fro3 the $uests.She, ho!ever, denied sta3pin$the said chec; as ?paid? or that she $avean* discount !ithout adiscount card, eBplainin$ that she could not have co33itted such acts $iven that all receipts anddiscount applications !ere handled b* the cashier. >ut !hen as;ed !h* the discounted receipt !asnot $iven to the $uests, she 3erel* replied that she could no lon$er re3e3ber. In a separate inuir*,the cashier of Caf= Pla6a, ho!ever, 3aintained that a Star!ood Privile$e Discount Card 3ust havebeen presented durin$ the said incident $iven that there !as a Discount Slip('and a sta3ped receiptindicatin$ such discounted pa*3ent.((

9indin$ Episcope to have failed to sufficientl* eBplain the uestionable discount application on thesettle3ent bill of the auditors, her e3plo*3ent !as ter3inated for co33ittin$ acts ofdishonest*,!hich !as classified as a Class D offense under the 7otelAs Code of Discipline, as !ell as for !illfuldisobedience, serious 3isconduct and loss of trust and confidence.(%

+$$rieved, Episcope filed a co3plaint(1for ille$al dis3issal !ith pra*er for pa*3ent of da3a$es andattorne*As fees a$ainst PP7I before the N2RC doc;eted as N2RCNCR Case No. ''(%(1&%('".

Ru'()*+ o -e !" a)/ -e N!RC

On October %', %''#, the 2abor +rbiter 2+- rendered a Decision in favor of PP7I and thus,dis3issed EpiscopeAs co3plaint for ille$al dis3issal.("he 2+ found that there !as substantial

evidence to support the char$e of i3proper discount application and observed that the said actresulted to a loss on the part of the 7otel. +ccordin$l*, the 2+ held that EpiscopeAs actions renderedher un!orth* of the trust and confidence de3anded b* her position !hich thus, !arranted herdis3issal.

On appeal,(#the N2RC affir3ed the 2+As decision in theMa* 1', %''4 Resolution.(&EpiscopeAs3otion for reconsideration(4!as li;e!ise denied in the Nove3ber (", %''4 Resolution.(0

Ru'()* o -e C"

On certiorari, the C+ $ave due course to the petition and reversed the N2RCAs Decision.(:It foundthe report sub3itted b* the auditors $rossl* insufficient to support the conclusion that Episcope !as$uilt* of the char$es i3puted a$ainst her. It described the report as a 3ere transaction account intabular for3,bereft of an* evidentiar* !orth. It !as unsi$ned and bore no indication of her alle$edculpabilit*. he C+ li;e!ise did not $ive credence to the 3inutes of the ad3inistrative hearin$because it !as based on the sa3e unaudited report. 7ence, the C+(- declared EpiscopeAsdis3issal ille$al%- ordered her reinstate3ent to her for3er position !ithout loss of seniorit* ri$htsand benefits under the 2abor Code and 1- re3anded the case to the N2RC for further proceedin$son her 3one* clai3s and other benefits. he dispositive portion of the C+AsDecision readsF
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HEREFORE, in vie! of the fore$oin$, the petition isGR"NTE$. he assailed Resolutions datedMa* 1', %''4 and Nove3ber (", %''4 of the public respondent N2RC are REERSE$ and SET"S$E. Petitioner is hereb* ordered reinstated to her for3er position !ithout loss of seniorit* ri$htsand benefits under the 2abor Code. he case is hereb* re3anded to the N2RC for furtherproceedin$s on her 3one* clai3s and other benefits.

SO OR$ERE$.%'

Dissatisfied, PP7I 3oved for reconsideration !hich !as, ho!ever, denied in the assailed )ul* #,%'(' Resolution.%(

7ence, the instant petition anchored on the sole $round thatF

THE HONOR"&!E COURT OF "PPE"!S SEROUS! ERRE$ "N$ RU!E$ CONTR"R TO!" "N$ URSPRU$ENCE HEN T "CTE$ "S " TRER OF F"CTS "N$ OR$ERE$ THERENST"TEMENT OF THE RESPON$ENT "N$ P"MENT OF &"C4"GES. %%

Te Ru'()* o -e Cour-

he petition is i3pressed !ith 3erit.

+t the outset, it is settled that the urisdiction of the Supre3e Court in cases brou$ht before it fro3the C+ via Rule "# of the Rules of Court is $enerall* li3ited to revie!in$ errors of la!. he Court isnot the proper venue to consider a factual issue as it is not a trier of facts. he rule, ho!ever, is notironclad and a departure therefro3 3a* be !arranted !here the findin$s of fact of the C+ arecontrar* to the findin$s and conclusions of the trial court or uasiudicial a$enc*,%1as in this case.here is therefore a need to revie! the records to deter3ine !hich of the3 should be preferred as3ore confor3able to evidentiar* facts.%"

+fter a udicious revie! of the records, as !ell as the respective alle$ations and defenses of theparties, the Court is constrained to reverse the findin$s and conclusion of the C+.

+rticle %:1 for3erl* +rticle %4:- of the 2abor Code%#provides that the e3plo*er shall not ter3inatethe services of an e3plo*ee eBcept onl* for a ust or authori6ed cause. If an e3plo*er ter3inates thee3plo*3ent !ithout a ust or authori6ed cause, then the e3plo*ee is considered to have beenille$all* dis3issed and is thus, entitled to reinstate3ent or in certain instances, separation pa* in lieuthereof, as !ell as the pa*3ent of bac;!a$es.

+3on$ the ust causes for ter3ination isthe e3plo*erut in order for thesaid cause to be properl* invo;ed, certain reuire3ents 3ust be co3plied !ith na3el*,51 -ee'oyee o)er)e/ u+- be o'/()* a o+(-(o) o -ru+- a)/ o)(/e)e and 52 -ere u+-be a) a- -a- :ou'/ ;u+-(y -e 'o++ o -ru+- a)/ o)(/e)e.%&

It is note!orth* to 3ention that there are t!o classes of positions of trustFon the one hand, there are3ana$erial e3plo*ees !hose pri3ar* dut* consists of the 3ana$e3ent of the establish3ent in!hich the* are e3plo*ed or of a depart3ent or a subdivision thereof, and to other officers or3e3bers of the 3ana$erial staff on the other hand, there are fiduciar* ran;andfile e3plo*ees,
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such as cashiers, auditors, propert* custodians, or those !ho, in the nor3al eBercise of theirfunctions, re$ularl* handle si$nif icant a3ounts of 3one* or propert*. hese e3plo*ees, thou$h ran;andfile, are routinel* char$ed !ith the care and custod* of the e3plo*erAs 3one* or propert*, andare thus classified as occup*in$ positions of trust and confidence.%4Episcope belon$s to this latterclass and therefore, occupies a position of trust and confidence.

+s 3a* be readil* $leaned fro3 the records, Episcope !as e3plo*ed b* PP7I as a serviceattendant in its Caf= Pla6a. In this re$ard, she !as tas;ed to attend to dinin$ $uests, handle theirbills and receive their pa*3ents for trans3ittal to the cashier. It is also apparent that !heneverdiscount cards are presented, she 3aintained the responsibilit* to ta;e the3 to the cashier for theapplication of discounts. >ein$ therefore involved in the handlin$ of co3pan* funds, Episcope isundeniabl* considered an e3plo*ee occup*in$ a position of trust and confidence and as such, !aseBpected to act !ith ut3ost honest* and fidelit*.

+nent the second reuisite, records li;e!ise reveal that Episcope co33itted an act !hich ustifiedher e3plo*er


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delicate 3atters, such as the handlin$ or care and protection of the propert* and assets of thee3plo*er. he betra*al of this trust is the essence of the offense for !hich an e3plo*ee is penali6ed.E3phasis supplied.-

In the present case, records !ould sho! that Episcope co33itted acts of dishonest* !hich resultedto 3onetar* loss on the part of PP7I and 3ore si$nificantl*, led to the latter


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SO ORDERED.

ESTE!" M. PER!"S%&ERN"&E+ssociate )ustice


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Manila

9IRS DIVISION

G.R. No. 18=>20 Mar 13, 2013

RO!"N$O $S.TORRES, Petitioner,vs.RUR"! &"N4 OF S"N U"N, NC., "N$RES C"NO CHU", O&E! GO CHU", ESUS C"NOCHU", MENR"$O $"!S", OSE M"N"!"NS"N , OFE!" GN" &E a)/ N"T"STRERO, Respondents.

D E C I S I O N

REES, J.:

his Petition for Revie! on Certiorari,(under Rule "# of the Rules of Court, see;s to reverse and setaside the Decision%dated 9ebruar* %(, %''0 of the Court of +ppeals C+- in C+/.R. SP No. :"&:'dis3issin$ the co3plaint for i lle$al dis3issal filed b* petitioner Rolando OS. orres petitioner-a$ainst respondent Rural >an; of San )uan, Inc. R>S)- and its officers !ho are the hereinindividual respondents, na3el*F +ndres Cano Chua +ndres-, )obel /o Chua )obel-, )esus CanoChua )esus-, Meinrado Dalisa*, )ose Manalansan III )ose-, Ofelia /inabe Ofelia- and Nat*+strero collectivel* referred to as respondents-.1

2i;e!ise assailed is the C+ Resolution"dated )une 1, %''0 !hich denied reconsideration.

Te a)-ee/e)-+

Culled fro3 the rulin$s of the labor tribunals and the appellate court are the ensuin$ factual 3ilieuF#

he petitioner !as initiall* hired b* R>S)I as Personnel and Mar;etin$ Mana$er in (::(. +fter a siB3onth probationar* period and findin$ his perfor3ance to be satisfactor*, R>S)I rene!ed hise3plo*3ent for the sa3e post to a per3anent5re$ular status. In )une (::&, the petitioner !asoffered the position of VicePresident for R>S)IusinessVentures. 7e accepted the offer and conco3itantl* relinuished his post. he vacanc* created !asfilled b* respondent )obel !ho te3poraril* held the position concurrentl* as a Corporate Plannin$and 7u3an Resources Develop3ent 7ead.

On Septe3ber %", (::&, the petitioner !as te3poraril* assi$ned as the 3ana$er of R>S)IS)I. 8hen the petitioner declined his reuest, )acinto thre!a fit and shouted foul invectives. o pacif* hi3, the petitioner bar$ained to issue a clearance but onl*for )acinto


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+bout seven 3onths later or on +pril (4, (::4, respondent )esus issued a 3e3orandu3 to thepetitioner reuirin$ hi3 to eBplain !h* no ad3inistrative action should be i3posed on hi3 for hisunauthori6ed issuance of a clearance to )acinto !hose accountabilities !ere *et to be audited.)acinto !as later found to have unliuidated cash advances and !as responsible for a uestionabletransaction involvin$ P(( 3illion for !hich R>S)I is bein$ sued b* a certain +ctives >uildersManufacturin$ Corporation. he 3e3orandu3 stressed that the clearance petitioner issued

effectivel* barred R>S)I fro3 runnin$ after )acinto.&

he petitioner sub3itted his eBplanation on the sa3e da* clarif*in$ that the clearance !as li3itedonl* to )acintoS)Ioard of Directors adopted the above reco33endation and issuedResolution No. :4('% ter3inatin$ the petitioner fro3 e3plo*3ent, the i3port of !hich !asco33unicated to hi3 in a Me3orandu3 dated Ma* 1', (::4.:

9eelin$ a$$rieved, the petitioner filed the herein co3plaint for ille$al dis3issal, ille$al deduction,nonpa*3ent of service incentive, leave pa* and retire3ent benefits.('he petitioner averred that thesupposed loss of trust and confidence on hi3 !as a sha3 as it is in fact the calculated result of therespondents< dubious plot to convenientl* oust hi3 fro3 R>S)I.

7e clai3ed that he !as deceived to accept a VicePresident position, !hich turned out to be a 3ereclerical and 3enial !or;, so the respondents can install )obel, the son of a 3aor stoc;holder ofR>S)I, as Personnel and Mar;etin$ Mana$er. he plot to oust the petitioner alle$edl* be$an in (::&!hen )obel anneBed the Personnel and Mar;etin$ Depart3ents to the >usiness Develop3ent andCorporate Plannin$ Depart3ent thus usurpin$ the functions of and displacin$ the petitioner, !ho!as put on a floatin$ status and stripped of 3ana$erial privile$es and allo!ances.

he petitioner further alle$ed that he !as cunnin$l* assi$ned at N. Do3in$o branch so he can bei3plicated in the ano3alous transaction perpetrated b* )acinto. 7e narrated that on Septe3ber %4,
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(::&, the officers of R>S)I, na3el*F )obel, +ndres, )ose and Ofelia, !ere actuall* at the N. Do3in$obranch but the* all suspiciousl* left hi3 to face the predica3ent caused b* )acinto.

7e recounted that the neBt da* he !as assi$ned bac; at the arlac eBtension office and thereafterrepeatedl* harassed and forced to resi$n. 7e tolerated such treat3ent and pleaded that he beallo!ed to at least reach his retire3ent a$e. On March 4, (::&, he !rote a letter to /eor$e Cano

Chua /eor$e- eBpressin$ his detestation of ho! the ?ne! $u*s? are do3inatin$ the operations ofthe co3pan* b* destro*in$ the i3a$e of pioneer e3plo*ees, li;e hi3, !ho have !or;ed hard for the$ood i3a$e and 3ar;et acceptabilit* of R>S)I. he petitioner reuested for his transfer to theoperations or 3ar;etin$ depart3ent. 7is reuest !as, ho!ever, not acted upon.

he petitioner clai3ed that on March (:, (::4, respondent )esus verball* ter3inated hi3 fro3e3plo*3ent but he later on retracted the sa3e and instead as;ed the petitioner to tender aresi$nation letter. he petitioner refused. + 3onth thereafter, the petitioner received the3e3orandu3 as;in$ hi3 to eBplain !h* he cleared )acinto of financial accountabilities andthereafter another 3e3orandu3 ter3inatin$ hi3 fro3 e3plo*3ent.

9or their part, the respondents 3aintained that the petitioner !as validl* dis3issed for loss of trustand confidence precipitated b* his unauthori6ed issuance of a financial accountabilit* clearancesans audit to a resi$ned e3plo*ee. he* averred that a cop* of the clearance 3*steriousl*disappeared fro3 R>S)I


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+ccordin$l*, the petitioner !as found to have been ille$all* dis3issed and thus accorded thefollo!in$ reliefs in the decretal portion of the 2+ Decision, vi6F

87ERE9ORE, pre3ises considered, ud$3ent is hereb* rendered orderin$ respondent >an; andindividual respondents, to reinstate Gthe petitioner to his previous or euivalent position, !ithout lossof seniorit* ri$hts and other benefits and privile$es appurtainin$ GsicH to hi3, and to pa* the petitioner

the follo!in$F

(. he petitionerac;!a$es Partial- JJJJJJJJ P%"",0''.''

/asoline +llo!ances JJJJJJJ.. &1,'''.''

Maintenance +llo!ance JJJJJJ. "#,'''.''

Representation +llo!ance JJJJJ.. #",'''.''

Me3bership +llo!ance JJJJJJ.. (%,'''.''

@nifor3 +llo!ance JJJJJJJJ 0,'''.''

otal JJJP"%&,0''.''

%. he petitioner


11/529

he N2RC re3ar;ed that the petitioner !as indisputabl* not authori6ed to issue the clearance. +lso,the tantru3s and furious attitude eBhibited b* )acinto are not valid reasons to sub3it to hisde3ands. he fact that the N. Do3in$o branch had been sued civill* on 9ebruar* %#, (::4 for a taBsca3 !hile under )acintoS)I. +ccordin$l*, the dispositive portion of the decision

readsF

87ERE9ORE, the decision appealed fro3 is hereb* REVERSED and SE +SIDE. 2et a ne! oneGsicH entered DISMISSIN/ the instant case for lac; of 3erit. 7o!ever, respondent should pa* thepetitioner his proportionate (1th 3onth pa* for (::4 as he !as dis3issed on Ma* 1', (::4.

SO ORDERED.(#

he petitioner sou$ht reconsideration(&!hich !as ad3itted b* the N2RC in an Order datedSepte3ber 1', %''#. 9ro3 such Order, the respondents filed a 3otion for reconsideration on the$round that the petitioner failed to present a cop* of his purported 3otion bearin$ the reuisite proof

of filin$.(4

raversin$ both 3otions, the N2RC issued its Decision(0dated March 1, %''&F (- $rantin$ thepetitioner


12/529

he respondents sou$ht recourse !ith the C+,%%!hich in its Decision%1dated 9ebruar* %(, %''0reversed and set aside the N2RC Decision dated March 1, %''& and ruled that the petitioner !asdis3issed for a ust cause. he appellate court articulated that as the +ctin$ Mana$er of R>S)IS)I and ita3ounted to $ross ne$li$ence and inco3petence sufficient to so! in his e3plo*er the seed of3istrust and loss of confidence.%"he decretal portion of the C+ Decision thus readsF

IN VIE8 O9 +22 7E 9ORE/OIN/, the petition is /R+NED. he March '1, %''& Decision of theNational 2abor Relations Co33ission is REVERSED and SE +SIDE. he +pril (", %''' Decisionof the National 2abor Relations Co33ission is hereb* REINS+ED. No costs.

SO ORDERED.%#

he petitioner 3oved for reconsideration%&but the 3otion !as denied in the C+ Resolution%4dated

)une 1, %''0. 7ence, the present appeal.

"r*ue)-+ o -e ar-(e+

he petitioner avers that the respondents< clai3 of loss of trust and confidence is not !orth* ofcredence since the* failed to present a cop* of the clearance purportedl* sho!in$ that he cleared)acinto of all his financial accountabilities and not 3erel* as to his paid cash advances and salar*loan. 7e points out that R>S)I 3ust be in custod* thereof considerin$ that it is a vital official record.

he petitioner insists that the alle$ed loss of trust and confidence in hi3 is a 3ere subterfu$e tocover the respondents< plo* to oust hi3 out of R>S)I. 7e asserts that the seven3onth $ap bet!eenthe date !hen he issued the subect clearance and the date !hen he !as sent a 3e3orandu3 for

the said act sho!s that the respondents< supposed loss of trust and confidence !as a 3ereafterthou$ht.%0

On the other hand, the respondents invo;e the ratiocinations of the C+ that the* !ere ustified inlosin$ the trust and confidence reposed on the petitioner since he failed to eBercise the de$ree ofcare eBpected of his 3ana$erial position. he* reiterate the petitionerS)I


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Settled is the rule that !hen supported b* substantial evidence, the findin$s of fact of the C+ areconclusive and bindin$ on the parties and are not revie!able b* this Court.1'+s such, onl* errors ofla! are revie!ed b* the Court in petitions for revie! of C+ decisions. >* !a* of eBception, ho!ever,the Court !ill eBercise its euit* urisdiction and reevaluate, revie! and reeBa3ine the factualfindin$s of the C+ !hen, as in this case, the sa3e are contradictin$1(!ith the findin$s of the labortribunals.

he respondents failed to prove that the petitioner !as dis3issed for a ust cause.

+s provided in +rticle %0%1%of the 2abor Code and as fir3l* entrenched in urisprudence,11ane3plo*er has the ri$ht to dis3iss an e3plo*ee b* reason of !illful breach of the trust and confidencereposed in hi3.

o te3per the eBercise of such prero$ative and to reconcile the sa3e !ith the e3plo*ee


14/529

eBplanation for such failure or the docu3entS)I also failed to substantiate its clai3 that the petitionerS)I atte3pted or at least considered tode3and fro3 )acinto the pa*3ent of his unpaid cash advances. Neither !as R>S)I able to sho!that it filed a civil or cri3inal suit a$ainst )acinto to 3a;e hi3 responsible for the alle$ed fraud. hereis thus no factual basis for R>S)IS)I, its e3plo*ees andclients. Contrar* to the respondents< alle$ation, the petitioner did not concede to )acinto


15/529

opportunities for the3 in the proceedin$s belo! to sho!, throu$h ban; docu3ents, that the petitioneris not a3on$ those officers so authori6ed. Second, it is the CourtS)I and to reinstate hi3 !ill onl* intensif* their hostile

!or;in$ at3osphere.""hus, based on strained relations, separation pa* euivalent to one (- 3onthsalar* for ever* *ear of service, !ith a fraction of a *ear of at least siB &- 3onths to be consideredas one (- !hole *ear, should be a!arded in lieu of reinstate3ent, to be co3puted fro3 date of hisen$a$e3ent b* R>S)I up to the finalit* of this decision."#

he a!ard of separation pa* in case of strained relations is 3ore beneficial to both parties in that itliberates the e3plo*ee fro3 !hat could be a hi$hl* oppressive !or; environ3ent in as 3uch as it
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releases the e3plo*er fro3 the $rossl* unpalatable obli$ation of 3aintainin$ in its e3plo* a !or;er itcould no lon$er trust."&

he a!ard of 3oral and eBe3plar* da3a$es is not !arranted.

In M8 ander Philippines, Inc. v. Enriue6,"4the Court decreed that ille$al dis3issal, b* itselfalone, does not entitle the dis3issed e3plo*ee to 3oral da3a$es additional facts 3ust be pleadedand proven to !arrant the $rant of 3oral da3a$es, thusF

Moral da3a$es are recoverable onl* !here the dis3issal of the e3plo*ee !as attended b* bad faithor fraud, or constituted an act oppressive to labor, or !as done in a 3anner contrar* to 3orals, $oodcusto3s or public polic*. Such an a!ard cannot be ustified solel* upon the pre3ise that thee3plo*er fired his e3plo*ee !ithout ust cause or due process. +dditional facts 3ust be pleaded andproven to !arrant the $rant of 3oral da3a$es under the Civil Code, i.e., that the act of dis3issal!as attended b* bad faith or fraud, or constituted an act oppressive to labor, or !as done in a3anner contrar* to 3orals, $ood custo3s or public polic* and, of course, that social hu3iliation,!ounded feelin$s, $rave anBiet*, and si3ilar inur* resulted therefro3."0Citations o3itted-

>ad faith does not connote bad ud$3ent or ne$li$ence it i3ports a dishonest purpose or so3e3oral obliuit* and conscious doin$ of !ron$ it 3eans breach of a ;no!n dut* throu$h so3e 3otiveor interest or ill !ill it parta;es of the nature of fraud.":

7ere, the petitioner failed to prove that his dis3issal !as attended b* eBplicit oppressive, hu3iliatin$or de3eanin$ acts. he follo!in$ events 3erel* s;etch the stru$$le for po!er !ithin the upper3ana$e3ent of R>S)I bet!een the ?old $u*s? and the ?ne! $u*s? the* do not convincin$l* provethat the respondents sche3ed to $raduall* ease the petitioner out, vi6F (- his pro3otion as VicePresident %- his replace3ent b* )obel as Personnel and Mar;etin$ Mana$er %- his desi$nation as+ctin$ Mana$er of N. Do3in$o branch and the recall thereof on the ver* neBt da* 1- the presenceof +ndres, )ose and Ofelia at the N. Do3in$o branch in the 3ornin$ of

Septe3ber %4, (::& and "- /eor$e


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In addition, the lac; of a valid cause for the dis3issal of an e3plo*ee does not ipso facto 3ean thatthe corporate officers acted !ith 3alice or bad faith. here 3ust be an independent proof of 3aliceor bad faith,#%!hich is absent in the case at bar.

he a!ard of (1th 3onth pa* is ncorrect.

>ein$ a 3ana$erial e3plo*ee, the petitioner is not entitled to (1th 3onth pa*.*hiPursuant toMe3orandu3 Order No. %0, as i3ple3ented b* the Revised /uidelines on the I3ple3entation ofthe (1th Month Pa* 2a! dated Nove3ber (&, (:04, 3ana$erial e3plo*ees are eBe3pt fro3receivin$ such benefit !ithout preudice to the $rantin$ of other bonuses, in lieu of the (1th 3onthpa*, to 3ana$erial e3plo*ees upon the e3plo*eran; of San )uan, Inc. is liable for the ille$al dis3issal and the conseuential3onetar* a!ards arisin$ therefro3. he other portions of and 3onetar* a!ards in the 2abor +rbiterAsDecision dated Nove3ber %4, (::0 are +99IRMED.

SO ORDERED.

&ENEN$O !. REES+ssociate )ustice
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Manila

7IRD DIVISION

G.R. No. 198620 Noefore this Court is a petition for revie! on certiorari(under Rule "# of the Decision%dated )une 1',

%'(( of the Court of +ppeals C+- in C+/R. SP No. '1'&:, affir3in$ the findin$ of the National2abor Relations Co33ission N2RC- that respondent 9lordeli6 Vela*o respondent- !as ille$all*dis3issed. he Resolution1dated Septe3ber (", %'(( denied the 3otion for reconsideration thereof.

he 9acts

he essential antecedent facts are su33ari6ed in the assailed C+ decision, to !itF

On )une (1, %''1, herein petitioner- P) CE>@- 27@I22IER, INC. P) 27@I22IER for brevit*- hired92ORDE2I M. +>++O GsicH as +ccountin$ Cler; at the 27", Ca$a*an de Oro Cit* >ranch !ith abasic 3onthl* salar* ofP:,1#1.''. On 9ebruar* :, %''0 appellant herein private respondent- !asserved !ith a Sho! Cause Me3o b* M+RIO R+MON 2@DE+, +rea Operations Mana$er of P)

2huillier herein petitioner-, orderin$ her to eBplain !ithin "0 hours !h* no disciplinar* action shouldbe ta;en a$ainst her for dishonest*, 3isappropriation, theft or e3be66GleH3ent of co3pan* fundsinviolation of Ite3 ((, Rule V of the Co3pan* Code of Conduct. hereafter, s-he !as placed underpreventive suspension fro3 9ebruar* : to March 0, %''0 !hile her case !as under investi$ation.

he char$es a$ainst the appellant herein private respondent- !ere based on the +udit 9indin$sconducted on October %:, %''4, !here the overa$e a3ount of P#"'.'' !as not reportedi33ediatel* to the supervisor, not recorded atthe end of that da*.

On 9ebruar* ((, %''0, co3plainant herein private respondent- sub3itted her repl* and ad3ittedthat she !as not able to report the overa$e to the supervisor since the latter !as on leave on that

da* and that she !as still tracin$ the overa$e and that the o3ission or failure to report i33ediatel*the overa$e sic- !as ust a si3ple 3ista;e !ithout intent to defraud her e3plo*er. On March (',%''0, after the conduct of a for3al investi$ation and after findin$ co3plainant


19/529

petitioners-. On )ul* %1, %''0, the 2abor +rbiter 2+- rendered ud$3ent, the dispositive portion of!hich reads as follo!sF

87ERE9ORE, in vie! of all the fore$oin$, ud$3ent is hereb* entered orderin$ the dis3issal of theinstant co3plaint for lac; of 3erit.

SO ORDERED.#

he 2+ found that the respondent


20/529

b- to pa* co3plainant 9@22 >+CQ8+/ES in accordance !ith >usta3ante vs. N2RC rulin$% SCR+ '&(- and

c- to pa* ten percent ('K- of the total 3one* a!ard as attorne*@SE O9 DISCREION+MO@NIN/ O 2+CQ OR IN ECESS O9 )@RISDICION 87ENI DEVI+ED 9ROM 7E9INDIN/S O9 9+CS O9 7E 7ONOR+>2E 2+>OR +R>IER.

II

87E7ER OR NO PEIIONERS +RE ENI2ED O 7E ISS@+NCE O9 + EMPOR+RRESR+ININ/ ORDER +ND5OR 8RI O9 PRE2IMIN+R IN)@NCION PENDIN/ 7ERESO2@ION O9 7E INS+N PEIION.:

he respondent filed her co33ent on +u$ust (:, %'':. On October 0, %'':, the petitioners filed anur$ent 3otion to resolve their petition for certiorari and pra*er for RO and5or !rit of preli3inar*inunction. On Nove3ber :, %'':, the C+ denied the petitioners< pra*erfor RO statin$ that the*have not sho!n that the* stood to suffer $rave and irreparable inur* if the RO !as denied. here3ainin$ issue in the C+, then, !as !hether the N2RC acted !ith $rave abuse of discretiona3ountin$ to lac; or eBcess of urisdiction !hen it set aside the factual conclusion and rulin$ of the

2+. he C+ ruled in the ne$ativeF

8e concur !ith the N2RC in findin$ for private respondent. i3e and a$ain, the Supre3e Court hasheld that it is cruel and unust to i3pose the drastic penalt* of dis3issal if not co33ensurate to the$ravit* of the 3isdeed.

In e3plo*ee ter3ination disputes, the e3plo*er bears the burden of provin$ that the e3plo*ee


21/529

Private respondentSE@ENDENI+2S, +MO@N O +

SERIO@S MISCOND@C IN O99ICET

II. 87E7ER OR NO 7E IMPOSIION O9 7E PEN+2 O9 ERMIN+ION 9ROMO99ICE G@PONH + P+8NS7OP PERSONNE2 87O MIS+PPROPRI+ED +N +MO@NO9 P#"'.'' 9ROM 7E CO99ERS O9 7E P+8NS7OP, +ND 87O M+DES@>SE@EN DENI+2S, IS CR@E2 +ND @N)@ST(%
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22/529

he appellate court a$reed !ith the N2RC that the respondent


23/529

he respondent


24/529

he Court disa$rees.

/rantin$ ar$uendothat for so3e reason not due to her fault, the respondent could not trace thesource of the cash surplus, she nonetheless !ell ;ne! and understood the co3pan*


25/529

Mere substantial evidence is sufficient to establish loss of trust and confidence

he respondent


26/529

e3plo*ee concerned is entrusted !ith confidence !ith respect to delicate 3atters, such as thehandlin$ or care and protection of the propert* and assets of the e3plo*er. he betra*al of this trustis the essence of the offense for !hich an e3plo*ee is penali6ed.1%E3phasis and underscorin$ inthe ori$inal-

In holdin$ a position reuirin$ full trust and confidence, the respondent $ave up so3e of the ri$id

$uarantees available to ordinar* e3plo*ees. She insisted that her 3isconduct !as ust an ?innocent3ista;e,? and 3a*be it !as, had it been co33itted b* other e3plo*ees. >ut surel* not as to therespondent !ho precisel* because of the special trust and confidence $iven her b* her e3plo*er3ustbe penali6ed !ith a 3ore severe sanction.11

+ cashier


27/529

THIRD DIVISION

G.R. No. 211497, March 18, 2015

HOCHENG PHILIPPINES CORPORTION, Petitioner, v.NTONIO M. !RRLES, Respondent.

D E C I S I O N

RE"ES,J.#

Before this Court on Petition for Review on Certiorari1is the Decision2dated October 17, 2013 of the Court ofAea!s "CA# in CA$%.R. &P 'o. 12(103, which reversed the Decision3dated )ebruar* 2+, 2012 andReso!utiondated -a* 7, 2012 of the 'ationa! abor Re!ations Co//ission "'RC# in 'RC AC 'o. 0$0022+$11, and reinstated with /odifications the Decision(dated Ari! 2+, 2011 of the abor Arbiter "A# in'RC Case 'o. RAB$$03$001$10$C, which found that resondent Antonio -. )arra!es ")arra!es# wasi!!e4a!!* dis/issed b* 5ochen4 Phi!iines Cororation "5PC#. 6he falloof the ae!!ate decision reads chanRob!esvirtua!aw!ibrar*$HERE!ORE,re/ises considered, the Decision of the abor Arbiter dated Ari! 2+, 2011 in 'RC Case 'o.RAB$$03$001$10$C is r%&'()a)%* +&)h o*&-&ca)&o'(. Private resondent 5ochen4 Phi!iinesCororation is !iab!e to a* 8)arra!es9 the fo!!owin4 chanRob!esvirtua!aw!ibrar*

"1# )u!! bac:wa4es fro/ date of dis/issa! on )ebruar* 1(, 2010 unti! date ofdecision e;uiva!ent to P27,.7 of the tota! award.

SO ORDERED.

Th% !ac)(

)arra!es was first e/!o*ed b* 5PC on -a* 12, 1++ as Production Oerator, fo!!owed b* ro/otions as "1#ead/an in 200, "2# Actin4 Assistant ?nit Chief in 2007, and "3# Assistant ?nit Chief of Production in 200,a suervisor* osition with a /onth!* sa!ar* of @17,00.00. 5e was a consistent reciient of citations foroutstandin4 erfor/ance, as we!! as araisa! and *ear$end bonuses.7chanrob!esvirtua!!aw!ibrar*

On Dece/ber 2, 200+, a reort reached 5PC /ana4e/ent that a /otorc*c!e he!/et of an e/!o*ee,Re*/ar &o!as "Re*/ar#, was sto!en at the ar:in4 !ot within its re/ises on 'ove/ber 27, 200+. OnDece/ber 3, 200+, &ecurit* Officer )rancisco Para4as confir/ed a video se;uence recorded on c!osed$circuit te!evision "CC6# around 300 ./. on 'ove/ber 27, 200+ showin4 )arra!es ta:in4 the /issin4he!/et fro/ a ar:ed /otorc*c!e, to wit chanRob!esvirtua!aw!ibrar*

a. At around 307, 8)arra!es9 was seen wa!:in4 towards the /otorc*c!e ar:in4 !ot


28/529

d. At around 30+10, 8)arra!es9 ca!!ed on the erson of And* oe4a and instructed hi/ to4et the he!/et he was ointin4 at< 8and9

e. At around 30+30, And* 4ave the he!/et to 8)arra!es9.

ater that da*, 5PC sent )arra!es a notice to e!ain his invo!ve/ent in the a!!e4ed theft. 6he investi4ationwas suorted b* the e/!o*ees= union, ?O$5ochen4.+Be!ow is )arra!es= e!anation, as su//aried b* theCAchanRob!esvirtua!aw!ibrar*On 'ove/ber 27, 200+, 8)arra!es9 borrowed a he!/et fro/ his co$wor:er ric ibutan "ricE# since the*reside in the sa/e barangay. 6he* a4reed that ric cou!d 4et it at the house of 8)arra!es9 or the !atter cou!dreturn it the net ti/e that the* wi!! see each other. ric to!d hi/ that his /otorc*c!e was b!ac: in co!or. Asthere were /an* /otorc*c!es with he!/ets, he as:ed another e/!o*ee, And* oe4a "And*E# who was inthe ar:in4 area where he cou!d find ric=s he!/et. And* handed over to hi/ the suosed he!/et which hebe!ieved to be owned b* ric, then he went ho/e.

On 'ove/ber 2, 200+, at around o=c!oc: in the /ornin4, he saw ric at theirbarangayand to!d hi/ to 4etthe he!/et. But ric was in a rush to 4o to wor:, he did not bother to 4et it.

n the /ornin4 of Dece/ber 3, 200+, uon seein4 ric in the wor:!ace, 8)arra!es9 as:ed hi/ wh* he didnot 4et the he!/et fro/ his house. ric to!d hi/ that, Hindi po sa akin yung nakuha nyong helmet.E8)arra!es9 was shoc:ed and he i//ediate!* honed the 5PC=s 4uard to reort the situation that he /istoo:

the he!/et which he thou4ht be!on4ed to ric. After severa! e/!o*ees were as:ed as to the ownershi ofthe he!/et, he fina!!* found the owner thereof, which is Fun Re*es=s "FunE# nehew, Re*/ar, who was withhi/ on 'ove/ber 27, 200+. 8)arra!es9 ro/t!* ao!o4ied to Fun and undertoo: to return the he!/et thefo!!owin4 da* and e!ained that it was an honest /ista:e. 6hese a!! haened in the /ornin4 of Dece/ber3, 200+< 8)arra!es9 did not :now *et that 5PC wi!! send a !etter de/andin4 hi/ to e!ain.10

A hearin4 was he!d on Dece/ber 10, 200+ at 100 ./. Present were )arra!es, ric ibutan "ric#, And*oe4a "And*#, Fun Re*es, Antonio A!inda, a witness, and Ro!ando %arciso, reresentin4 ?O$5ochen4.)ro/ And* it was !earned that at the ti/e of the a!!e4ed incident, he was a!read* seated on his /otorc*c!eand about to !eave the co/an* co/ound when )arra!es aroached and as:ed hi/ to hand to hi/ a*e!!ow he!/et han4in4 fro/ a /otorc*c!e ar:ed net to hi/. Ghen And* hesitated, )arra!es e!ained thathe owned it, and so And* co/!ied. But ric had secifica!!* to!d )arra!es that his he!/et was co!ored redand b!ac: and his /otorc*c!e was a b!ac: 5onda HR-$12( with !ate nu/ber 7$D, ar:ed near theeri/eter fence awa* fro/ the wa!:wa* to the edestrian 4ate. 6he CC6 showed )arra!es instructin4 And*to fetch a *e!!ow he!/et fro/ a b!ue Rossi 110 /otorc*c!e with !ate nu/ber 3(3$D' ar:ed in the /idd!eof the ar:in4 !ot, oosite the !ocation 4iven b* ric. )arra!es in his defense c!ai/ed he cou!d no !on4erre/e/ber the detai!s of what transired that ti/e, nor cou!d he e!ain wh* he /issed ric=s secificdirections.11chanrob!esvirtua!!aw!ibrar*

On )ebruar* 1(, 2010, the 5PC issued a 'otice of 6er/ination12to )arra!es dis/issin4 hi/ for vio!ation ofArtic!e +, C!ass A, te/ 'o. 2+ of the 5PC Code of Disci!ine, which rovides that stea!in4 fro/ theco/an*, its e/!o*ees and officia!s, or fro/ its contractors, visitors or c!ients,E is a:in toseriousmisconduct and fraud or willful breach by the employee of the trust reposed in him by hisemployer or duly authorized representative, which are Iust causes for ter/ination of e/!o*/entunder Artic!e 22 of the abor Code.

On -arch 2(, 2010, )arra!es fi!ed a co/!aint for i!!e4a! dis/issa!, non$a*/ent of araisa! and /id$*earbonuses, service incentive !eave a* and 13th /onth a*. 5e a!so ra*ed for reinstate/ent, or in !ieuthereof, searation a* with fu!! bac:wa4es, !us /ora! and ee/!ar* da/a4es and attorne*=s fees. Durin4the /andator* conference, 5PC aid )arra!es @10,+1.(1, reresentin4 his 13th /onth a* for the eriod of

Fanuar* to )ebruar* 2010 and vacation !eaveJsic: !eave conversion. )arra!es a4reed to waive his c!ai/ forincentive bonus.13chanrob!esvirtua!!aw!ibrar*

On Ari! 2+, 2011, the A ru!ed in favor of )arra!es,1the falloof which is as fo!!ows chanRob!esvirtua!aw!ibrar*G5R)OR, PR-&& CO'&DRD, a!! the resondents 5ochen4 Phi!s. Cororation, nc. &a/ Chen849and Fud* %ere4a!e are found 4ui!t* of i!!e4a! dis/issa! and ordered Ioint!* and severa!!* to a* co/!ainantthe fo!!owin4chanRob!esvirtua!aw!ibrar*

1. )u!! bac:wa4es fro/ date of dis/issa! on )ebruar* 1(, 2010 unti! date of decision e;uiva!ent toP27,.7.


29/529

2. &earation a* of one "1# /onth sa!ar* er *ear of service for a eriod of twe!ve *ears e;uiva!ent toP22,00.00.

3. Araisa! *ear$end bonus in the su/ of P11,000.00.

. -ora! da/a4es in the su/ of P200,000.00.

(. e/!ar* da/a4es in the su/ of P100,000.00.. 10> of a!! su/s owin4 as attorne*=s fees or the a/ount of P1,2.7.

&O ORDRD.1(

On aea! b* 5PC,1the 'RC reversed the A,17and denied )arra!es= /otion for reconsideration, findin4substantia! evidence of Iust cause to ter/inate )arra!es.1chanrob!esvirtua!!aw!ibrar*

On etition for certiorarito the CA,1+)arra!es sou4ht to refute the 'RC=s factua! findin4 that he co//ittedtheft, as we!! as to ;uestion 'RC=s Iurisdiction over 5PC=s aea! for non$a*/ent of aea! fees. But theCA found that 5PC was ab!e to erfect its aea! b* ostin4 a bond e;uiva!ent to the /onetar* award of @+7,+3.37 and a*in4 the aea! fees b* osta! /one* order in the a/ount of @(20.00.20chanrob!esvirtua!!aw!ibrar*

Concernin4 the substantive issues, the ae!!ate court a4reed with the A that )arra!es= act of ta:in4Re*/ar=s he!/et did not a/ount to theft, ho!din4 that 5PC fai!ed to rove that )arra!es= conduct wasinduced b* a erverse and wron4fu! intent to 4ain, in !i4ht of the ad/ission of ric that he did !et )arra!esborrow one of his two he!/ets, on!* that )arra!es /istoo: Re*/ar=s he!/et as the one be!on4in4 to hi/.

P%)&)&o' -or R%&%+ )o )h% S/r%% Co/r)

n this etition, 5PC raises the fo!!owin4 4rounds for this Court=s review chanRob!esvirtua!aw!ibrar*

A. 65 5O'ORAB 8CA9 PA'K RRD A'D AC6D CO'6RARK 6O H&6'% AG A'DF?R&PR?D'C ' RR&'% 65 DC&O' O) 65 8'RC9 A'D DCAR'% %A65 D&-&&A )OR 85PC=s9 A%D )A?R 6O PRO 65 H&6'C O) F?&6CA?&.

1. 65R & &?B&6A'6A D'C 6O &5OG 65A6 8)ARRA&9 CO--66D

65)6 ' 85PC=s9 PR-&&.2. 65)6 & A F?&6 CA?& )OR 6R-'A6O'.

3. BK CO--66'% 65)6, 8)ARRA&9, B'% A &?PR&ORA -POK,)OR)6D 65 6R?&6 RPO&D ' 5- BK 85PC9, 65?& R'DR'% 5-D&-&&B )OR O&& O) CO')D'C.

B. ' DCAR'% %A 65 D&-&&A O) 8)ARRA&9, 65 5O'ORAB 8CA9 OA6DDOC6R'& AD DOG' BK 65 &?PR- CO?R6.

1. CO?R6& CA''O6 &?B&66?6 65R F?D%-'6 )OR 65A6 O) 65

-A'A%-'6.

2. CO?R6& -?&6 ACCORD D? R&PC6 6O 65 )'D'%& O) AD-'&6RA6A%'C&.21

Chief!*, 5PC insists that since the co/!aint be!ow invo!ves an ad/inistrative case, on!* substantia!evidence, not roof of 4ui!t be*ond reasonab!e doubt, is re;uired to rove the 4ui!t of )arra!es


30/529

R/&' o- )h% Co/r)

6he Court reso!ves to den* the etition.

6o va!id!* dis/iss an e/!o*ee, the !aw re;uires the e/!o*er to rove the eistence of an* of the va!id orauthoried causes,2which, as enu/erated in Artic!e 22 of the abor Code, are "a# serious /isconduct orwi!!fu! disobedience b* the e/!o*ee of the !awfu! orders of his e/!o*er or the !atter=s reresentative in

connection with his wor:< "b# 4ross and habitua! ne4!ect b* the e/!o*ee of his duties< "c# fraud or wi!!fu!breach b* the e/!o*ee of the trust reosed in hi/ b* his e/!o*er or his du!* authoried reresentatives.
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35/529

Petitioner ai!ed to re#ort or /ei"t $e$>s. es#ite tat, e /as "i0en one

more mont to $om#! /it te /ei"t re5irement. As sa!, e /as as>ed to

re#ort or /ei"t $e$> on dierent dates. He /as reminded tat is "rondin"

/o!d $ontine #endin" satisa$tor $om#!ian$e /it te /ei"t standards.s, a!to" e /as seen

s%mittin" is #ass#ort or #ro$essin" at te PA3 Sta Ser0i$e i0ision.

On A#ri! &', &??), #etitioner /as orma!! /arned tat a re#eated resa! to

re#ort or /ei"t $e$> /o!d %e dea!t /it a$$ordin"!. He /as "i0en anoter set

o /ei"t $e$> dates.


36/529

On e$em%er *, &??(, a $!arii$ator earin" /as e!d /ere #etitioner

maniested tat e /as nder"oin" a /ei"t red$tion #ro"ram to !ose at !east t/o

1(2 #onds #er /ee> so as to attain is idea! /ei"t.


37/529

o0er/ei"t em#!oees, i.e., Mr. Pa!a$ios, Mr. Ci, and Mr. @arrios, /ere #romoted

instead o %ein" dis$i#!ined.


38/529

3i>e te 3a%or Ar%iter, te N3RC ond te /ei"t standards o PA3 to %e

reasona%!e. Ho/e0er, it ond as nne$essar te 3a%or Ar%iter o!din" tat

#etitioner /as not remiss in te #erorman$e o is dties as !i"t ste/ard des#ite

%ein" o0er/ei"t. A$$ordin" to te N3RC, te 3a%or Ar%iter so!d a0e!imited imse! to te isse o /eter te ai!re o #etitioner to attain is idea!

/ei"t $onstitted /i!!! deian$e o te /ei"t standards o PA3.


39/529

reasona%!eness o te standard and /eter or not te em#!oee 5a!iies or

$ontines to 5a!i nder tis standard.


40/529

IF.

7HETHER OR NOT THE COURT OB APPEA3S GRAFE3YERRE 7HEN IT @RUSHE ASIE PETITIONERS C3AIMS BORREINSTATEMENT


41/529

Petitioner, to", ad0an$es a 0er interestin" ar"ment. He $!aims tat o%esit is

a #si$a! a%norma!it andor i!!ness.es te#ro0isions o s%#ara"ra# &12 and sas tat Nadras i!!ness o$$asiona! atta$>so astma is a $ase ana!o"os to tem.E0en a $rsor readin" o te !e"a! #ro0ision nder $onsideration is si$ient to$on0in$e anone tat, as te tria! $ort said, i!!ness $annot %e in$!ded as anana!o"os $ase % an stret$ o ima"ination.It is $!ear tat, e+$e#t tejust cause mentioned in s%-#ara"ra# &1a2, a!! teoters e+#ress! enmerated in te !a/ are de to te 0o!ntar andor /i!!! a$t

o te em#!oee. Ho/ Nadrasi!!ness $o!d %e $onsidered as ana!o"os to an otem is %eond or nderstandin", tere %ein" no $!aim or #retense tat te same/as $ontra$ted tro" is o/n 0o!ntar a$t. %e$ase o i!!ness, i.e., astma. Here, #etitioner /as dismissed oris ai!re to meet te /ei"t standards o PA3. He /as not dismissed de to

i!!ness. Bort, te isse inNadurais /eter or not te dismissed em#!oee is

entit!ed to se#aration #a and dama"es. Here, te isse $enters on te #ro#riet o

te dismissa! o #etitioner or is ai!re to meet te /ei"t standards

o PA3. Bit, inNadura, te em#!oee /as not a$$orded de #ro$ess. Here,

#etitioner /as a$$orded tmost !enien$. He /as "i0en more tan or 12 ears to

$om#! /it te /ei"t standards o PA3.

In te $ase at %ar, te e0iden$e on re$ord mi!itates a"ainst #etitioners $!aims

tat o%esit is a disease. Tat e /as a%!e to red$e is /ei"t rom &?* to &??(

$!ear! so/s tat it is #ossi%!e or im to !ose /ei"t "i0en te #ro#er attitde,

determination, and se!-dis$i#!ine. Indeed, drin" te $!arii$ator earin"

on e$em%er *, &??(, #etitioner imse! $!aimed tat


42/529

m /ei"t do/n to idea! /ei"t /i$ is &'(, ten te ans/er is es. I $an do it

no/.s, /itot oerin" a 0a!id e+#!anation. Ts, is !$tatin" /ei"t

indi$ates a%sen$e o /i!!#o/er rater tan an i!!ness.

Petitioner $itesBonnie Cook v. State of Rhode Island, Departent of !ental

"ealth, Retardation and "ospitals, /or>ed rom &?'* to &?*) and rom&?*& to &?*; as an instittiona! attendant or te menta!! retarded at te 3add

Center tat /as %ein" o#erated % res#ondent. Se t/i$e resi"ned 0o!ntari! /it

an n%!emised re$ord. E0en res#ondent admitted tat er #erorman$e met te

Centers !e"itimate e+#e$tations. In &?**, Coo> re-a##!ied or a simi!ar #osition. At

tat time, se stood 9( ta!! and /ei"ed o0er 6() #onds. Res#ondent $!aimed tat

te mor%id o%esit o #!ainti $om#romised er a%i!it to e0a$ate #atients in $ase

o emer"en$ and it a!so #t er at "reater ris> o serios diseases.

Coo> $ontended tat te a$tion o res#ondent amonted to dis$rimination on

te %asis o a andi$a#. Tis /as in dire$t 0io!ation o Se$tion 9)1a2 o te

Rea%i!itation A$t o &?'6,e!eta!, res#irator, and
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43/529

$ardio0as$!ar sstems. Nota%!, te Cort stated tat mta%i!it is re!e0ant on! in

determinin" te s%stantia!it o te !imitation !o/in" rom a "i0en im#airment,

ts mta%i!it on! #re$!des tose $onditions tat an indi0ida! $an easi! and

5i$>! re0erse % %ea0iora! a!teration.

Un!i>e Coo>, o/e0er, #etitioner is not mor%id! o%ese. In te /ords o te

istri$t Cort or te istri$t o Rode Is!and, Coo> /as sometime %eore &?'* at

!east one ndred #onds more tan /at is $onsidered a##ro#riate o er

ei"t. A$$ordin" to te Cir$it d"e, Coo> /ei"ed o0er 6() #onds in

&?**. C!ear!, tat is not te $ase ere.At is ea0iest, #etitioner /as on! !ess tan

9) #onds o0er is idea! /ei"t.

In ine, 7e o!d tat te o%esit o #etitioner, /en #!a$ed in te $onte+t ois /or> as !i"t attendant, %e$omes an ana!o"os $ase nder Arti$!e (*(1e2 o

te 3a%or Code tat 8stiies is dismissa! rom te ser0i$e. His o%esit ma not %e

nintended, %t is nonete!ess 0o!ntar. As te CA $orre$t! #ts it,


44/529

Petitioner $ontends tat @BO is a stattor deense. It does not e+ist i

tere is no statte #ro0idin" or it.


45/529

Feri!, tere is no merit to te ar"ment tat @BO $annot %e a##!ied i it

as no s##ortin" statte. Too, te 3a%or Ar%iter,e a!! $ommon $arriers, tri0e de to #%!i$

$oniden$e on teir saet re$ords. Peo#!e, es#e$ia!! te ridin" #%!i$, e+#e$t no

!ess tan tat air!ine $om#aniestrans#ort teir #assen"ers to teir res#e$ti0e

destinations sae! and sond!. A !esser #erorman$e is na$$e#ta%!e.

Te tas> o a $a%in $re/ or !i"t attendant is not !imited to ser0in" mea!s or

attendin" to te /ims and $a#ri$es o te #assen"ers. Te most im#ortant a$ti0ito te $a%in $re/ is to $are or te saet o #assen"ers and te e0a$ation o te

air$rat /en an emer"en$ o$$rs. Passen"er saet "oes to te $ore o te 8o% o

a $a%in attendant.Tr!, air!ines need $a%in attendants /o a0e te ne$essar

stren"t to o#en emer"en$ doors, te a"i!it to attend to #assen"ers in $ram#ed

/or>in" $onditions, and te stamina to /itstand "re!in" !i"t s$ed!es.


46/529

On %oard an air$rat, te %od /ei"t and siDe o a $a%in attendant are

im#ortant a$tors to $onsider in $ase o emer"en$. Air$rats a0e $onstri$ted $a%in

s#a$e, and narro/ ais!es and e+it doors. Ts, te ar"ments o res#ondent

tat . Tat an o%ese $a%in attendant o$$#ies more s#a$e tan a s!im one is an

n5estiona%!e a$t /i$ $orts $an 8di$ia!! re$o"niDe /itot introd$tion oe0iden$e.e #etitioner.

Te %i""est #ro%!em /it an o0er/ei"t $a%in attendant is te #ossi%i!it o

im#edin" #assen"ers rom e0a$atin" te air$rat, so!d te o$$asion $a!! or

it. Te 8o% o a $a%in attendant drin" emer"en$ies is to s#eedi! "et te #assen"ers

ot o te air$rat sae!. @ein" o0er/ei"t ne$essari! im#edesmo%i!it. Indeed, in an emer"en$ sitation, se$onds are /at $a%in attendants are

dea!in" /it, not mintes. Tree !ost se$onds $an trans!ate into tree !ost

!i0es. E0a$ation mi"t s!o/ do/n 8st %e$ase a /ide-%odied $a%in attendant is

%!o$>in" te narro/ ais!es. Tese #ossi%i!ities are not remote.
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47/529

Petitioner is a!so in esto##e!. He does not dis#te tat te /ei"t standards

o PA3 /ere made >no/n to im #rior to is em#!oment. He is #resmed to >no/

te /ei"t !imit tat e mst maintain at a!! times.


48/529

Indeed, e+$e#t or #ointin" ot te names o te s##osed o0er/ei"t $a%in

attendants, #etitioner misera%! ai!ed to indi$ate teir res#e$ti0e idea! /ei"ts4

/ei"ts o0er teir idea! /ei"ts4 te #eriods te /ere a!!o/ed to ! des#ite teir

%ein" o0er/ei"t4 te #arti$!ar !i"ts assi"ned to tem4 te dis$riminatin"treatment te "ot rom PA34 and oter re!e0ant data tat $o!d a0e ade5ate!

esta%!ised a $ase o dis$riminator treatment % PA3. In te /ords o te

CA, PA3 rea!! ad no s%stantia! $ase o dis$rimination to meet.e

te 3a%or Ar%iter and te N3RC, are a$$orded res#e$t, e0en ina!it.ed.


49/529

IV. The +a%/" o (e!%!%o&e$ o$ $e%&"!a!e/e&! a&' 4ae" a$e /oo! .

As is !ast $ontention, #etitioner a0ers tat is $!aims or reinstatement and /a"es

a0e not %een mooted. He is entit!ed to reinstatement and is !! %a$>/a"es, rom

te time e /as i!!e"a!! dismissed # to te time tat te N3RC /as re0ersed %te CA.


50/529

Contrar to te a!!e"ation o #etitioner tat PA3 did e0ertin" nder te

sn to rstrate is immediate retrn to is #re0ios #osition,


51/529

E+$e#tiona!!, se#aration #a is "ranted to a !e"a!! dismissed em#!oee as

an a$t so$ia! 8sti$e,


52/529

YNARES-SANTIAGO,J.,Chairperson,

- versus -AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ,CHICO-NAZARIO,

NACHURA, andREYES,JJ.

Prom!"ated:PHILIPPINE AIRLINES, INC.,

Res#ondent. O$to%er &', ())*+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +

D E C I S I O N

REYES, R.T.,J.:

THIS $ase #ortras te #e$!iar stor o an internationa! !i"t ste/ard /o

/as dismissed %e$ase o is ai!re to adere to te /ei"t standards o te air!ine

$om#an.


53/529

He is no/ %eore tis Cort 0ia a #etition or re0ie/ on certiorari$!aimin"

tat e /as i!!e"a!! dismissed. To %ttress is stan$e, e ar"es tat 1&2 is

dismissa! does not a!! nder (*(1e2 o te 3a%or Code4 1(2 $ontinin" aderen$e to

te /ei"t standards o te $om#an is not a %ona ide o$$#ationa! 5a!ii$ation4

and 162 e /as dis$riminated a"ainst %e$ase oter o0er/ei"t em#!oees /ere#romoted instead o %ein" dis$i#!ined.

Ater a meti$!os $onsideration o a!! ar"mentsproand con, 7e #o!d te

!e"a!it o dismissa!. Se#aration #a, o/e0er, so!d %e a/arded in a0or o te

em#!oee as an a$t o so$ia! 8sti$e or %ased on e5it. Tis is so %e$ase is

dismissa! is not or serios mis$ond$t. Neiter is it re!e$ti0e o is mora!

$ara$ter.

The Fa!"

Petitioner Armando G. Yrase"i /as a ormer internationa! !i"t

ste/ard o Pi!i##ine Air!ines, In$. 1PA32. He stands i0e eet and ei"t in$es 19*2

/it a !ar"e %od rame. Te #ro#er /ei"t or a man o is ei"t and %od

str$tre is rom &' to &;; #onds, te idea! /ei"t %ein" &;; #onds, as

mandated % te Ca%in and Cre/ Administration Mana!s on se0era!

dates. He /as a!so to!d tat e ma a0ai! o te ser0i$es o te $om#an #si$ian
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54/529

so!d e /is to do so. He /as ad0ised tat is $ase /i!! %e e0a!ated on ! 6,

&?*?.s or /ei"t $e$>s.
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55/529

Petitioner ai!ed to re#ort or /ei"t $e$>s. es#ite tat, e /as "i0en one

more mont to $om#! /it te /ei"t re5irement. As sa!, e /as as>ed to

re#ort or /ei"t $e$> on dierent dates. He /as reminded tat is "rondin"

/o!d $ontine #endin" satisa$tor $om#!ian$e /it te /ei"t standards.s, a!to" e /as seen

s%mittin" is #ass#ort or #ro$essin" at te PA3 Sta Ser0i$e i0ision.

On A#ri! &', &??), #etitioner /as orma!! /arned tat a re#eated resa! to

re#ort or /ei"t $e$> /o!d %e dea!t /it a$$ordin"!. He /as "i0en anoter set

o /ei"t $e$> dates.


56/529

On e$em%er *, &??(, a $!arii$ator earin" /as e!d /ere #etitioner

maniested tat e /as nder"oin" a /ei"t red$tion #ro"ram to !ose at !east t/o

1(2 #onds #er /ee> so as to attain is idea! /ei"t.


57/529

o0er/ei"t em#!oees, i.e., Mr. Pa!a$ios, Mr. Ci, and Mr. @arrios, /ere #romoted

instead o %ein" dis$i#!ined.


58/529

3i>e te 3a%or Ar%iter, te N3RC ond te /ei"t standards o PA3 to %e

reasona%!e. Ho/e0er, it ond as nne$essar te 3a%or Ar%iter o!din" tat

#etitioner /as not remiss in te #erorman$e o is dties as !i"t ste/ard des#ite

%ein" o0er/ei"t. A$$ordin" to te N3RC, te 3a%or Ar%iter so!d a0e!imited imse! to te isse o /eter te ai!re o #etitioner to attain is idea!

/ei"t $onstitted /i!!! deian$e o te /ei"t standards o PA3.


59/529

reasona%!eness o te standard and /eter or not te em#!oee 5a!iies or

$ontines to 5a!i nder tis standard.


60/529

IF.

7HETHER OR NOT THE COURT OB APPEA3S GRAFE3YERRE 7HEN IT @RUSHE ASIE PETITIONERS C3AIMS BORREINSTATEMENT


61/529

Petitioner, to", ad0an$es a 0er interestin" ar"ment. He $!aims tat o%esit is

a #si$a! a%norma!it andor i!!ness.es te#ro0isions o s%#ara"ra# &12 and sas tat Nadras i!!ness o$$asiona! atta$>so astma is a $ase ana!o"os to tem.E0en a $rsor readin" o te !e"a! #ro0ision nder $onsideration is si$ient to$on0in$e anone tat, as te tria! $ort said, i!!ness $annot %e in$!ded as anana!o"os $ase % an stret$ o ima"ination.It is $!ear tat, e+$e#t tejust cause mentioned in s%-#ara"ra# &1a2, a!! teoters e+#ress! enmerated in te !a/ are de to te 0o!ntar andor /i!!! a$t

o te em#!oee. Ho/ Nadrasi!!ness $o!d %e $onsidered as ana!o"os to an otem is %eond or nderstandin", tere %ein" no $!aim or #retense tat te same/as $ontra$ted tro" is o/n 0o!ntar a$t. %e$ase o i!!ness, i.e., astma. Here, #etitioner /as dismissed oris ai!re to meet te /ei"t standards o PA3. He /as not dismissed de to

i!!ness. Bort, te isse inNadurais /eter or not te dismissed em#!oee is

entit!ed to se#aration #a and dama"es. Here, te isse $enters on te #ro#riet o

te dismissa! o #etitioner or is ai!re to meet te /ei"t standards

o PA3. Bit, inNadura, te em#!oee /as not a$$orded de #ro$ess. Here,

#etitioner /as a$$orded tmost !enien$. He /as "i0en more tan or 12 ears to

$om#! /it te /ei"t standards o PA3.

In te $ase at %ar, te e0iden$e on re$ord mi!itates a"ainst #etitioners $!aims

tat o%esit is a disease. Tat e /as a%!e to red$e is /ei"t rom &?* to &??(

$!ear! so/s tat it is #ossi%!e or im to !ose /ei"t "i0en te #ro#er attitde,

determination, and se!-dis$i#!ine. Indeed, drin" te $!arii$ator earin"

on e$em%er *, &??(, #etitioner imse! $!aimed tat


62/529

m /ei"t do/n to idea! /ei"t /i$ is &'(, ten te ans/er is es. I $an do it

no/.s, /itot oerin" a 0a!id e+#!anation. Ts, is !$tatin" /ei"t

indi$ates a%sen$e o /i!!#o/er rater tan an i!!ness.

Petitioner $itesBonnie Cook v. State of Rhode Island, Departent of !ental

"ealth, Retardation and "ospitals, /or>ed rom &?'* to &?*) and rom&?*& to &?*; as an instittiona! attendant or te menta!! retarded at te 3add

Center tat /as %ein" o#erated % res#ondent. Se t/i$e resi"ned 0o!ntari! /it

an n%!emised re$ord. E0en res#ondent admitted tat er #erorman$e met te

Centers !e"itimate e+#e$tations. In &?**, Coo> re-a##!ied or a simi!ar #osition. At

tat time, se stood 9( ta!! and /ei"ed o0er 6() #onds. Res#ondent $!aimed tat

te mor%id o%esit o #!ainti $om#romised er a%i!it to e0a$ate #atients in $ase

o emer"en$ and it a!so #t er at "reater ris> o serios diseases.

Coo> $ontended tat te a$tion o res#ondent amonted to dis$rimination on

te %asis o a andi$a#. Tis /as in dire$t 0io!ation o Se$tion 9)1a2 o te

Rea%i!itation A$t o &?'6,e!eta!, res#irator, and


63/529

$ardio0as$!ar sstems. Nota%!, te Cort stated tat mta%i!it is re!e0ant on! in

determinin" te s%stantia!it o te !imitation !o/in" rom a "i0en im#airment,

ts mta%i!it on! #re$!des tose $onditions tat an indi0ida! $an easi! and

5i$>! re0erse % %ea0iora! a!teration.

Un!i>e Coo>, o/e0er, #etitioner is not mor%id! o%ese. In te /ords o te

istri$t Cort or te istri$t o Rode Is!and, Coo> /as sometime %eore &?'* at

!east one ndred #onds more tan /at is $onsidered a##ro#riate o er

ei"t. A$$ordin" to te Cir$it d"e, Coo> /ei"ed o0er 6() #onds in

&?**. C!ear!, tat is not te $ase ere.At is ea0iest, #etitioner /as on! !ess tan

9) #onds o0er is idea! /ei"t.

In ine, 7e o!d tat te o%esit o #etitioner, /en #!a$ed in te $onte+t ois /or> as !i"t attendant, %e$omes an ana!o"os $ase nder Arti$!e (*(1e2 o

te 3a%or Code tat 8stiies is dismissa! rom te ser0i$e. His o%esit ma not %e

nintended, %t is nonete!ess 0o!ntar. As te CA $orre$t! #ts it,


64/529

Petitioner $ontends tat @BO is a stattor deense. It does not e+ist i

tere is no statte #ro0idin" or it.


65/529

Feri!, tere is no merit to te ar"ment tat @BO $annot %e a##!ied i it

as no s##ortin" statte. Too, te 3a%or Ar%iter,e a!! $ommon $arriers, tri0e de to #%!i$

$oniden$e on teir saet re$ords. Peo#!e, es#e$ia!! te ridin" #%!i$, e+#e$t no

!ess tan tat air!ine $om#aniestrans#ort teir #assen"ers to teir res#e$ti0e

destinations sae! and sond!. A !esser #erorman$e is na$$e#ta%!e.

Te tas> o a $a%in $re/ or !i"t attendant is not !imited to ser0in" mea!s or

attendin" to te /ims and $a#ri$es o te #assen"ers. Te most im#ortant a$ti0ito te $a%in $re/ is to $are or te saet o #assen"ers and te e0a$ation o te

air$rat /en an emer"en$ o$$rs. Passen"er saet "oes to te $ore o te 8o% o

a $a%in attendant.Tr!, air!ines need $a%in attendants /o a0e te ne$essar

stren"t to o#en emer"en$ doors, te a"i!it to attend to #assen"ers in $ram#ed

/or>in" $onditions, and te stamina to /itstand "re!in" !i"t s$ed!es.


66/529

On %oard an air$rat, te %od /ei"t and siDe o a $a%in attendant are

im#ortant a$tors to $onsider in $ase o emer"en$. Air$rats a0e $onstri$ted $a%in

s#a$e, and narro/ ais!es and e+it doors. Ts, te ar"ments o res#ondent

tat . Tat an o%ese $a%in attendant o$$#ies more s#a$e tan a s!im one is an

n5estiona%!e a$t /i$ $orts $an 8di$ia!! re$o"niDe /itot introd$tion oe0iden$e.e #etitioner.

Te %i""est #ro%!em /it an o0er/ei"t $a%in attendant is te #ossi%i!it o

im#edin" #assen"ers rom e0a$atin" te air$rat, so!d te o$$asion $a!! or

it. Te 8o% o a $a%in attendant drin" emer"en$ies is to s#eedi! "et te #assen"ers

ot o te air$rat sae!. @ein" o0er/ei"t ne$essari! im#edesmo%i!it. Indeed, in an emer"en$ sitation, se$onds are /at $a%in attendants are

dea!in" /it, not mintes. Tree !ost se$onds $an trans!ate into tree !ost

!i0es. E0a$ation mi"t s!o/ do/n 8st %e$ase a /ide-%odied $a%in attendant is

%!o$>in" te narro/ ais!es. Tese #ossi%i!ities are not remote.
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67/529

Petitioner is a!so in esto##e!. He does not dis#te tat te /ei"t standards

o PA3 /ere made >no/n to im #rior to is em#!oment. He is #resmed to >no/

te /ei"t !imit tat e mst maintain at a!! times.


68/529

Indeed, e+$e#t or #ointin" ot te names o te s##osed o0er/ei"t $a%in

attendants, #etitioner misera%! ai!ed to indi$ate teir res#e$ti0e idea! /ei"ts4

/ei"ts o0er teir idea! /ei"ts4 te #eriods te /ere a!!o/ed to ! des#ite teir

%ein" o0er/ei"t4 te #arti$!ar !i"ts assi"ned to tem4 te dis$riminatin"treatment te "ot rom PA34 and oter re!e0ant data tat $o!d a0e ade5ate!

esta%!ised a $ase o dis$riminator treatment % PA3. In te /ords o te

CA, PA3 rea!! ad no s%stantia! $ase o dis$rimination to meet.e

te 3a%or Ar%iter and te N3RC, are a$$orded res#e$t, e0en ina!it.ed.


69/529

IV. The +a%/" o (e!%!%o&e$ o$ $e%&"!a!e/e&! a&' 4ae" a$e /oo! .

As is !ast $ontention, #etitioner a0ers tat is $!aims or reinstatement and /a"es

a0e not %een mooted. He is entit!ed to reinstatement and is !! %a$>/a"es, rom

te time e /as i!!e"a!! dismissed # to te time tat te N3RC /as re0ersed %te CA.


70/529

Contrar to te a!!e"ation o #etitioner tat PA3 did e0ertin" nder te

sn to rstrate is immediate retrn to is #re0ios #osition,


71/529

E+$e#tiona!!, se#aration #a is "ranted to a !e"a!! dismissed em#!oee as

an a$t so$ia! 8sti$e,


72/529

THE COURT OF APPEALS,

MA. DOTTIE GALAY a&' !he

NATIONAL LA5OR RELATIONS

COMMISSION,

Res#ondents.

Prom!"ated:O$to%er (), ())9

=> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >=

DECISION

QUISUMBING J!"

@eore s is a #etition or certiorariassai!in" teRe"o+*!%o&?1@dated e$em%er &*,

())& o te Cort o A##ea!s in CA-G.R. SP No. ;*)'( denin" te #etition or

ai!re to $om#! /it #ro$edra! r!es, as /e!! as te De%"%o&?@dated A"st 6),

())& and te Re"o+*!%o&?@dated Se#tem%er (*, ())& o te Nationa! 3a%or

Re!ations Commission 1N3RC2 /i$ airmed te 3a%or Ar%iters de$ision indin"

#etitioners "i!t o i!!e"a! dismissa!.

Te a$ta! ante$edents o te $ase are as o!!o/s:

On Be%rar (6, &???, #etitioner Hea0!it, a maritime a"en$, tr a !etter si"ned

% #etitioner ose#ine E0an"e!io, Administrati0e and Binan$e Mana"er o

Hea0!it, inormed res#ondent Ma. ottie Ga!a, Hea0!it Insran$e and

Pro0isions Assistant, o er !o/ #erorman$e ratin" and te ne"ati0e eed%a$>rom er team mem%ers re"ardin" er /or> attitde. Te !etter a!so notiied er

tat se /as %ein" re!ie0ed o er oter n$tions e+$e#t te de0e!o#ment o te

ne/ A$$ess #ro"ram.
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73/529

S%se5ent!, on A"st &;, &???, Ga!a /as terminated or a!!e"ed !oss o

$oniden$e. Tereater, se i!ed /it te 3a%or Ar%iter a $om#!aint or i!!e"a!

dismissa! and non#ament o ser0i$e in$enti0e !ea0e and &6 tmont #a a"ainst

#etitioners.

@eore te !a%or ar%iter, #etitioners a!!e"ed tat Ga!a ad an attitde #ro%!em and

did not "et a!on" /it er $o-em#!oees or /i$ se /as $onstant! /arned to

im#ro0e. Petitioners a0er tat Ga!as attitde res!ted to te de$!ine in te

$om#ans ei$ien$ and #rod$ti0it. Petitioners #resented a !etter? o

merit and airmed te de$ision o te 3a%or Ar%iter.?B@A motion or

re$onsideration /as s%se5ent! i!ed %t /i$ /as !i>e/ise denied.?8@

Petitioner e!e0ated te $ase % certiorarito te Cort o A##ea!s. @t, #etitioners

ai!ed to: state te !! names and a$ta! addresses o a!! te #etitioners4 atta$ te

$o#ies o a!! #!eadin"s and s##ortin" do$ments4 #ro#er! 0eri te #etition4 and

$erti a"ainst orm-so##in". Bor tese #ro$edra! !a#ses, te #etition /as

dismissed.?@Petitioners mo0ed or re$onsideration and atta$ed a %oard reso!tion

atoriDin" #etitioner To!entino to !e"a!! re#resent te $om#an. Nonete!ess, te

Cort o A##ea!s denied te motion or !a$> o 8stiin" $ir$mstan$es, and

%e$ase te atta$ed %oard reso!tion /as issed ater te #etition /as i!ed.?10@

Hen$e, te instant #etition or certioraria!!e"in" tat
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74/529

I. Te Honora%!e Cort o A##ea!s "ross! erred in re!in" too m$ onorm rater tan on te merits o te #etition tere% denin"

#etitioners o ri"t to de #ro$ess.

II. Te N3RC a$ted in a /imsi$a!, ar%itrar and des#oti$ manner /it

"ra0e a%se o dis$retion /en it r!ed tat:

a. Petitioners ai!ed to s%mit s%stantia! e0iden$e tat /i!! #ro0e#etitioners ad /itdra/n teir trst and $oniden$e#on te res#ondent not/itstandin" te admittedstrained and irre$on$i!a%!e re!ationsi# %et/eenres#ondent Ga!a and #etitioners.

%. Te $ase or terminatin" te em#!oment o res#ondent % te#etitioner a##ears orei"n to te $ases o

terminatin" an em#!oment eiter nder !oss o trstand $oniden$e or nder ana!o"os $ases.

$. Te N3RC a$ted in a des#oti$ manner /en it r!ed tat$om#!ainant is entit!ed to ser0i$e in$enti0e #a and&6tmont #a in te a%sen$e o an $!aim, #raer ore0iden$e.

III. It is a "ra0e a%se o dis$retion on te #art o te N3RC /en itmade it to a##ear tat te ri"t o /or>er or se$rit o tenre isa%so!te.?11@

Sim#!, te isses are 1&2 7ere te #etitioners denied de #ro$ess /it te Cort o

A##ea!s dismissa! o te #etition on te$ni$a! "ronds 1(2 Is attitde #ro%!em a

0a!id "rond or te termination o an em#!oee 162 I in te airmati0e, /as tis

si$ient! #ro0ed 12 7ere te #ro$edra! re5irements or an ee$ta!

dismissa! #resent and 192 7ere te a/ards o ser0i$e in$enti0e #a and &6tmont

#a #ro#er

Anent te irst isse, #etitioners #osit tat instead o denin" otri"t teir #etition

on te$ni$a!ities, te Cort o A##ea!s so!d a0e "i0en it de $orse. Petitioners

e+#!ain tat on! te name and address o #etitioner Hea0!it /ere stated in te
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75/529

#etition %e$ase it /as te rea! #art in interest, /i!e te rest /ere mere nomina!

#arties. Te a!so reasoned tat it /as not ne$essar to atta$ te #!eadin"s

s%mitted to te 3a%or Ar%iter as te ar"ments asserted terein /ere si$ient!

ta$>!ed and reiterated in te #etition. 3ast!, #etitioners s%mit tat #etitioner

To!entino /as atoriDed % te @oard o ire$tors as te !e"a! re#resentati0e o

te a"en$ and its oi$ers.

Res#ondent $onters tat stri$t aderen$e to te r!es o #ro$edre is re5ired to

#romote ei$ien$ and order!iness. It adds tat #etitioners did not #resent an

#ersasi0e reason or a !i%era! a##!i$ation o te R!es.

Te R!es o Cort re5ire tat te #etition or certiorarisa!! %e 0eriied,

?1@$ontain te !! names and a$ta! addresses o a!! te #etitioners and

res#ondents, a$$om#anied % a $ertiied tre $o# o te s%8e$t de$ision, order or

reso!tion and oter do$ments re!e0ant or #ertinent tereto, and %e s%mitted /it

te $ertii$ation o non-orm so##in" si"ned % te #rin$i#a!.?1@

7e !i>e/ise a0e enn$iated tat te R!es o Cort are desi"ned or te #ro#er

and #rom#t dis#osition o $ases. In not a e/ instan$es, /e re!a+ed te ri"id

a##!i$ation o te r!es to aord te #arties o##ortnit to !! 0enti!ate teir

$ases on te merits. In tat /a, te ends o 8sti$e /o!d %e %etter ser0ed.?1


76/529

dis#ensed /it. Ho/e0er, nder 8stiia%!e $ir$mstan$es, te Cort does a!!o/

s%stantia! $om#!ian$e.?16@

Brter, /e a$$e#t #etitioners inad0erten$e to state te names and addresses o teoter #etitioners as a minor dee$t. 7e a!so a$$e#t teir e+#!anation on teir ai!re

to in$or#orate te 3a%or Ar%iters de$ision.

Ts, mind! tat te "reater interest o 8sti$e /o!d %e ser0ed i te #etition is

ad8di$ated on its merits,?1B@/e /i!! #ro$eed /it te remainin" isses, and dis$ss

tem 8oint!.

7as tere 8st $ase in te termination o Ga!a

Petitioners assert tat it terminated Ga!a %e$ase se ad an attitde #ro%!em.

Tis sitation, a$$ordin" to #etitioners, is ana!o"os to !oss o trst and $oniden$e.

Te a0er tat res#ondent did not den te strained and irre$on$i!a%!e re!ationsi#

%et/een tem, in ee$t, admittin" te same. Brter, #etitioners a0er tat a0in"

!ost teir trst and $oniden$e on Ga!a, te $o!d no !on"er ma>e er in-$ar"e

o te $onidentia! Cre/ Inormation Sstem /i$ a$$onts or te #ersonne!,

mana"ement and #roessiona! re$ords o a!! te em#!oees o and seamen

$onne$ted /it te $om#an. 3ast!, #etitioners maintain tat %e$ase o Ga!as

attitde, te $om#ans /or> atmos#ere ad %e$ome 0er strained and ad "ra0e!

ae$ted te /or>ers and teir ot#ts. Ga!as dismissa!, a$$ordin" to #etitioners,

/as mere! an a$t o se!-#reser0ation.

Petitioners e+#!ained tat te sent Ga!a a !etter o noti$e dated Be%rar (6,

&???, a##risin" er o er !o/ #erorman$e and er attitde #ro%!em, %eore te

!etter o er termination dated A"st &;, &???. Petitioners $!aim tat te $om#an
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77/529

/aited or si+ monts, to "i0e Ga!a a $an$e to nder"o $onse!in" %eore

dismissin" er rom te ser0i$e.

Ga!a $onters tat #etitioners ai!ed to so/ a 8st and 0a!id $ase or ertermination, and tat !etters o noti$e and termination did not $om#! /it te t/in

re5irement o noti$e and earin". Ga!a ar"es tat te !etter dated Be%rar (6,

&??? neiter inormed er o er inra$tion o an $om#an r!e tat /arrants

dis$i#!inar a$tion4 nor re5ired er to s%mit an e+#!anation.

An em#!oee /o $annot "et a!on" /it is $o-em#!oees is detrimenta! to te

$om#an or e $an #set and strain te /or>in" en0ironment. 7itot te

ne$essar team/or> and sner", te or"aniDation $annot n$tion /e!!. Ts,

mana"ement as te #rero"ati0e to ta>e te ne$essar a$tion to $orre$t te

sitation and #rote$t its or"aniDation. 7en #ersona! dieren$es %et/een

em#!oees and mana"ement ae$t te /or> en0ironment, te #ea$e o te

$om#an is ae$ted. Ts, an em#!oees attitde #ro%!em is a 0a!id "rond or is

termination.?18@It is a sitation ana!o"os to !oss o trst and $oniden$e tat mst

%e d! #ro0ed % te em#!oer. Simi!ar!, $om#!ian$e /it te t/in re5irement

o noti$e and earin" mst a!so %e #ro0en % te em#!oer.

Ho/e0er, /e are not $on0in$ed tat in te #resent $ase, #etitioners a0e so/n

si$ient! $!ear and $on0in$in" e0iden$e to 8sti Ga!as termination. To"

te are $orre$t in sain" tat in tis $ase, #roo %eond reasona%!e do%t is not

re5ired, sti!! tere mst %e s%stantia! e0iden$e to s##ort te termination on te"rond o attitde.?1@Te mere mention o ne"ati0e eed%a$> rom er team

mem%ers, and te !etter dated Be%rar (6, &???, are not #roo o er attitde

#ro%!em. 3i>e/ise, er ai!re to rete #etitioners a!!e"ations o er ne"ati0e

attitde does not amont to admission. Te$ni$a! r!es o #ro$edre are not %indin"
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/oct2005/154410.htm#_ftn19http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/oct2005/154410.htm#_ftn20http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/oct2005/154410.htm#_ftn19http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/oct2005/154410.htm#_ftn20


78/529

in !a%or $ases.?0@@esides, te %rden o #roo is not on te em#!oee %t on te

em#!oer /o mst airmati0e! so/ ade5ate e0iden$e tat te dismissa! /as

or 8stiia%!e $ase.?1@

In or 0ie/, neiter does te Be%rar (6, &???

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