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3. How would you correct the following problems with the oil-immersion lens?

b. Insufficient light while viewing the specimen

Make sure that the iris diaphragm is opened completely and that the condenser is close to the

stage.

c. Artifacts in the microscopic field

emo!e the slide" and clean all lens systems with the appropriate lens tissue or #ylol if the oil-

immersion lens is gummy or tacky.

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%rganelles of locomotion& 'one

(lass& (yanophyceae

)enus& 'ostoc

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2. +dentify and gi!e the function of the following&

f. Oral groove:

,ood intake and conugation

3. People with +/0 are !ulnerable to pneumonia caused by the protooanPneumocystiscarinii. his organism is known to be a member of the normal flora in most humans. hy then

are these indi!iduals to susceptible to this generally rare form of pneumonia?

People with impaired immune systems are e#tremely susceptible to pneumonia. +t is a common

problem in people with H+4 and +/0. +mpaired immunity lea!es patients !ulnerable to serious"

life-threatening pneumonias known as opportunistic pneumonias. hey are caused by organisms

that are harmless to people with healthy immune systems. Pneumocystis carinii is an atypical

organism and generally harmless in people with healthy immune systems but it is the most

common cause of pneumonia in +/0 patients.

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6b. How are they similar?

7oth can be heterotrophic" can ha!e a filamentous or unicellular habit" and can ha!e ase#ual"

haploid dominant" of alternation of generations life histories.

1. %utbreaks of cyanobacterial into#ication associated with lakes and ponds are reported

annually. hat would cause an increased number of cases in summer months? hy

aren8t cyanobacterial into#ications associated with swimming pools?

he heat causes an increased number of cases in the summer months due to the water

becoming warm and stagnant which gi!es a great breeding ground for bacteria.

(yanobacterial into#ications are not associated with swimming pools because chlorine works

as a killing agent.

2. (yanobacteria were once called 9blue-green algae": hat characteristics would lead tothe name 9blue-green algae:? hat caused biologists to reclassify them as

cyanobacteria?

(yanobacteria is gi!en its name due to the blue-green ;cyan< pigmentation it has. 7iologists

had to rename it after e#tensi!e research because it was distinguished that these organisms

were a type of bacteria" and since algae and bacteria are different groups of organisms" these

newly classified organisms could not be algae and bacteria. hey resemble algae" but ha!e

the characteristics of bacteria.

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6. woman with type blood can ha!e a healthy baby with type 7 blood. hy doesn8t the baby

de!elop hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Hemolytic disease of the newborn de!elops when the mother is h- and the fetus is h=.

he mother becomes sensitied to this and de!elops h= antibodies which pass through

the placenta and destroy the infant>s 7(>s if she becomes pregnant with another h=

child. +n this case" no reaction is obser!ed because the mother>s and baby>s h factors are

compatible. here is not any 7% incompatibility and h factors are the same.