kurup standards regulations codes of practice

8/7/2019 Kurup Standards Regulations Codes of Practice

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Standards, regulations codes of practiceStandards, regulations codes of practiceand policies on environmentaland policies on environmental

management, sustainability, and themanagement, sustainability, and the

environmental impact of aquaculture andenvironmental impact of aquaculture and

fisheries in Indiafisheries in India

Dr. B. MadhusoodanakurupDr. B. Madhusoodanakurup

Professor , Fisheries & Advisor to Minister (F & R),Professor , Fisheries & Advisor to Minister (F & R),Govt. of KeralaGovt. of Kerala

School of industrial fisheriesSchool of industrial fisheries

Cochin University of Science and TechnologyCochin University of Science and Technology

Cochin,KeralaCochin,Kerala

INDIAINDIA


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IntroductionIntroduction

India is a federal republic,India is a federal republic,subdivided into 28 states and 6 union territories.subdivided into 28 states and 6 union territories.According to the Constitution, the state legislatures have the powerAccording to the Constitution, the state legislatures have the powerto make laws and regulations with respect to a number of subjectto make laws and regulations with respect to a number of subject--matters, including water (i.e. water supplies, irrigation and canals,matters, including water (i.e. water supplies, irrigation and canals,

drainage and embankments, water storage and water power), landdrainage and embankments, water storage and water power), land(i.e. rights in or over land, land tenure, transfer and alienation of(i.e. rights in or over land, land tenure, transfer and alienation ofagricultural land), fisheries, as well as the preservation, protectionagricultural land), fisheries, as well as the preservation, protection

and improvement of stock and the prevention of animal disease.and improvement of stock and the prevention of animal disease.Dr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA

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Constitution of IndiaConstitution of India

Federal Form of GovernmentFederal Form of Government

The Union and State GovernmentsThe Union and State Governments

consistconsistLegislative branchLegislative branch

Judicial branchJudicial branch

Executive branchExecutive branchDr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA

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Division of subjects betweenDivision of subjects between

Center and stateCenter and state

Article 246 0f ConstitutionArticle 246 0f Constitution

Union listUnion listState listState list

Concurrent listConcurrent listDr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA

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Fisheries sector, plays a very important role in the socioFisheries sector, plays a very important role in the socioeconomic development of Indiaeconomic development of IndiaFisheries sector provides employment to 7 million fisherFisheries sector provides employment to 7 million fishermenmenIndia is endowed with vast and varied fishery resource,India is endowed with vast and varied fishery resource,an outline of which is given belowan outline of which is given belowExports marine products worth of 80000 crores INRExports marine products worth of 80000 crores INR--200 million US $200 million US $ --5,00,000 tonnes of sea food5,00,000 tonnes of sea food

Dr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA

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INLANDINLAND FISHERY RESOURCES OFFISHERY RESOURCES OF

INDIAINDIA

Rivers and canals:0.20 million KilometersRivers and canals:0.20 million Kilometers

Area under reservoirs:3.15 million HectareArea under reservoirs:3.15 million Hectare

Tanks and ponds: 2.25 million HectareTanks and ponds: 2.25 million Hectare

Beels, oxbow lakes and derelict waterBeels, oxbow lakes and derelict waterbodies:0.82 million Hectarebodies:0.82 million Hectare

Brackish water area:1.24 million HectareBrackish water area:1.24 million Hectare

Estimated annual potential:4.5 million tonesEstimated annual potential:4.5 million tones


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MARINE FISHERY RESOURCES OF INDIAMARINE FISHERY RESOURCES OF INDIA

Coastline: 8129 kmCoastline: 8129 km

Continental shelf: 0.50 million km2Continental shelf: 0.50 million km2

Exclusive economic zone: 2.02 million km2Exclusive economic zone: 2.02 million km2

Estimated annual production potential: 3.90Estimated annual production potential: 3.90million tonesmillion tones

From area within 50From area within 50--m depth:2.21 million tonesm depth:2.21 million tones

From area beyond 50From area beyond 50--m depth:1.69 millionm depth:1.69 milliontonestones


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Fish production in million tonnes (both MarineFish production in million tonnes (both Marineand Inland) during last five years in India areand Inland) during last five years in India aregiven below:given below:YearYear MarineMarine InlandInland TotalTotal

20002000--0101 2.812.81 2.842.84 5.655.65

20012001--0202 2.832.83 3.123.12 5.955.95

20022002--0303 2.992.99 3.213.21 6.206.20

20032003--0404 2.942.94 3.453.45 6.396.39

20042004--0505 3.013.01 3.503.50 6.516.51

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Fisheries Legislation in IndiaFisheries Legislation in IndiaEnactments essentially having bearing on the marineEnactments essentially having bearing on the marinefisheries sectorfisheries sectorThe Indian Fisheries Act: 1857The Indian Fisheries Act: 1857

Maritime Zones Act (1976)Maritime Zones Act (1976)Maritime Zones of India (Regulation ofFishing by ForeignMaritime Zones of India (Regulation ofFishing by ForeignVessels) Act (1981) and Rules (1982)Vessels) Act (1981) and Rules (1982)MFRAS were first implemented in the States of KeralaMFRAS were first implemented in the States of Keralaand Goa in 1980and Goa in 1980

Coastal Regulation Zone Protection Act, (1986)Coastal Regulation Zone Protection Act, (1986)The Environment Protection Act, (2002)The Environment Protection Act, (2002)The Biological Diversity Act (2002)The Biological Diversity Act (2002) Dr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA

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Other acts and legislations governingOther acts and legislations governing

Sustainable fisheriesSustainable fisheriesCode of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries.Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. came into being on 31 Oct. 1995.came into being on 31 Oct. 1995.-- the right to fish carries with it the obligation;the right to fish carries with it the obligation;

and to do so in a responsible manner.and to do so in a responsible manner.The Wild Life Protection Act, 1973.The Wild Life Protection Act, 1973.Biological Diversity Act, 2002Biological Diversity Act, 2002Coastal Zone Management AuthorityCoastal Zone Management Authority 2003.2003.

Aquaculture Authority of IndiaAquaculture Authority of India 1997.1997.Coastal Regulation Zone Act, 1991.Coastal Regulation Zone Act, 1991.Dr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA

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Overview of existing policies in IndiaOverview of existing policies in India


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Existing Act/rulesExisting Act/rules Salient FeaturesSalient Features

Environment Protection ActEnvironment Protection Act

(EPA), 1986(EPA), 1986

Coastal Regulation Zone Coastal Regulation Zone

Notification, 1991Notification, 1991

Coastal Zone Mgmt Plans Coastal Zone Mgmt Plans

(CZMPs)(CZMPs)

Hazardous Waste Management Hazardous Waste Management

Act,1989Act,1989

Environmental Impact Environmental ImpactAssessment Notification, 1994Assessment Notification, 1994

An umbrella ActAn umbrella Act

Regularizes the various activities inRegularizes the various activities in

coastal zonecoastal zone

Supreme Court Intervention that all theSupreme Court Intervention that all the

Coastal states prepare their CZMPs byCoastal states prepare their CZMPs by

19961996

This Act provides guidelines forThis Act provides guidelines forhazardoushazardous

waste management and also for thewaste management and also for theimport and export of hazardous wasteimport and export of hazardous wasteinin

country.country.

The objective of this act is to conserveThe objective of this act is to conserveand protect the environmentand protect the environment


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Continued....Continued....

Water (Prevention andWater (Prevention and

Control of Pollution)Control of Pollution)

Act,1974,Amended in 1988Act,1974,Amended in 1988

Control of pollution from landControl of pollution from land--basedbasedsourcessources

Pollution Control Board was constitutedPollution Control Board was constituted

under this actunder this act

Indian Ports act,1908Indian Ports act,1908 Enactment relating to ports and portEnactment relating to ports and portcharges.charges.

Provides for rules for the safety of shippingProvides for rules for the safety of shipping

and conservation of portsand conservation of ports

Major Port Trust Act, 1963Major Port Trust Act, 1963 The Act makes provision for the constitutionThe Act makes provision for the constitutionof port authorities for certain major ports inof port authorities for certain major ports in

India and to vest the administration, controlIndia and to vest the administration, control

and management of such ports in suchand management of such ports in such

authorities and for matters connectedauthorities and for matters connected

therewith.therewith.

Merchant ShippingMerchant Shipping

Act,1958Act,1958

Control of pollution from ships and offControl of pollution from ships and off--shoreshore

platformsplatforms

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Continued.......Continued.......

Coast Guard Act, 1950Coast Guard Act, 1950 Provides levying of heavy penalties for theProvides levying of heavy penalties for the

pollution of port waterspollution of port waters

In 1993, Coast Guard under Ministry ofIn 1993, Coast Guard under Ministry ofDefence, made directly responsible forDefence, made directly responsible for

combating marine pollutioncombating marine pollution

Maritime Zones Act, 1976Maritime Zones Act, 1976 Describes various zones such as territorialDescribes various zones such as territorial

waters, EEZ, Continental shelf etcwaters, EEZ, Continental shelf etc

Forest Conservation Act,Forest Conservation Act,

1980, Amended in 19881980, Amended in 1988

Protection to marine biodiversityProtection to marine biodiversity

Wildlife Protection Act, 1972Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

(Amended in 1983, 1986,(Amended in 1983, 1986,

1991, 1997, 2001)1991, 1997, 2001)

Offers protection to marine biota.Offers protection to marine biota.

Creates conditions favourable for in situCreates conditions favourable for in situ

conservation of fauna and flora.conservation of fauna and flora.

Amended in 2001 to include severalAmended in 2001 to include severalspeciesspecies

of fish, corals, sea cucumbers and seaof fish, corals, sea cucumbers and sea

shells in Schedule I and IIIshells in Schedule I and III

Whale shark placed in schedule IWhale shark placed in schedule I

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Continued.....Continued.....

Indian Fisheries Act,Indian Fisheries Act,

18971897

Offers protection to fisheries againstOffers protection to fisheries against

explosives or dynamitesexplosives or dynamites

Marine FishingMarine Fishing

Regulation Act, 1978Regulation Act, 1978

A model act, which provides guidelines toA model act, which provides guidelines tothethe

maritime states to enact laws for protectionmaritime states to enact laws for protection

totomarine fisheries by regulating fishing in themarine fisheries by regulating fishing in the

territorial waters. The measures include:territorial waters. The measures include:

regulation of mesh size and gear,regulation of mesh size and gear,reservationreservation

of zones for various fishing sectors and alsoof zones for various fishing sectors and also

declaration of closed seasonsdeclaration of closed seasonsLaws framed and Amended from time toLaws framed and Amended from time totimetime

by different maritime statesby different maritime states

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Marine Fisheries Legislation inMarine Fisheries Legislation in

Maritime States of IndiaMaritime States of IndiaThe country with the long coastline of 8129 Km.The country with the long coastline of 8129 Km.has an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)has an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)extending to 2.02 million Sq.Km. comprising ofextending to 2.02 million Sq.Km. comprising of

0.86 million Sq.Km. on the West Coast,0.86 million Sq.Km. on the West Coast,0.56 million Sq.Km. on the East Coast0.56 million Sq.Km. on the East Coast0.60 million Sq.Km. around the two island union0.60 million Sq.Km. around the two island unionterritories Viz Lakshadweep, and Andaman andterritories Viz Lakshadweep, and Andaman andNicobar islands, situated in the Arabian sea andNicobar islands, situated in the Arabian sea and

Bay of Bengal, respectivelyBay of Bengal, respectively


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Marine Fisheries Legislation in Maritime States of IndiaMarine Fisheries Legislation in Maritime States of India

continued.......continued.......There are 10 maritime states/union territories in India,There are 10 maritime states/union territories in India,Gujarat,Gujarat,Maharashtra,Maharashtra,Karnataka,Karnataka,GoaGoaand Kerala along the west coast, bordering the Arabian Sea;and Kerala along the west coast, bordering the Arabian Sea;Tamil Nadu,Tamil Nadu,Pondicherry ,Pondicherry ,Andhra Pradesh,Andhra Pradesh,Orissa and West Bengal along the east coast, borderingOrissa and West Bengal along the east coast, bordering

the bay of Bengalthe bay of BengalDr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA

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Zonation and other fishing regulations in differentZonation and other fishing regulations in differentstates are summerised belowstates are summerised belowIn Maharashtra Operation of trawl net by mechanized fishing vessels isIn Maharashtra Operation of trawl net by mechanized fishing vessels isprohibited in some specified depth(5 fathoms and 10 fathoms), trawl banprohibited in some specified depth(5 fathoms and 10 fathoms), trawl banduring monsoon, trawl gear operation is not allowed between 6 pm and 6during monsoon, trawl gear operation is not allowed between 6 pm and 6am etcam etc

In Goa the area up to 5 km from the coast line is specified area andIn Goa the area up to 5 km from the coast line is specified area andmechanized fishing vessels are prohibited from fishing in the area,mechanized fishing vessels are prohibited from fishing in the area,restriction on mesh size of nets i.e.; 20mm for prawns and 24mm forrestriction on mesh size of nets i.e.; 20mm for prawns and 24mm for

fish.fish.In KarnatakaIn Karnataka The area up to 6 km from shore or up to 4 fathoms isThe area up to 6 km from shore or up to 4 fathoms isreserved for the traditional craft, Deep Sea vessels are requested toreserved for the traditional craft, Deep Sea vessels are requested tooperate beyond 20 kmoperate beyond 20 km

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In KeralaIn KeralaTravancore Cochin Fisheries act,1950Travancore Cochin Fisheries act,1950., Travencore., Travencore--Cochin Fisheries Rules,Cochin Fisheries Rules,Marine Fishing regulation act, Fishermans Welfare Fund Act, MechanizedMarine Fishing regulation act, Fishermans Welfare Fund Act, MechanizedFishing boats Rules,Fishing boats Rules,

Fisheries service special rules etcFisheries service special rules etcThe area from shore up to 30 m line in the sea along the coast fromThe area from shore up to 30 m line in the sea along the coast fromKollengode in the south to paravoor, a length of 70km is called the first zone.Kollengode in the south to paravoor, a length of 70km is called the first zone.The area up to 20 m line in the sea along the coast line from paravoor in theThe area up to 20 m line in the sea along the coast line from paravoor in thesouth to Manjeswar in the north for a length of 512 km is called the Secondsouth to Manjeswar in the north for a length of 512 km is called the Secondzone.zone.Mechanized fishing expect fishing by motorized country craft is prohibited inMechanized fishing expect fishing by motorized country craft is prohibited in

the First and Second zones. Only fishing with country craft is allowed in thesethe First and Second zones. Only fishing with country craft is allowed in thesezones.zones.The Government Notification prohibiting the use of purseThe Government Notification prohibiting the use of purse--seine, pelagic trawlseine, pelagic trawland mid water trawl in the territorial seaand mid water trawl in the territorial sea

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Salient features of KMFRASalient features of KMFRA

Code end mesh size of bottom trawlCode end mesh size of bottom trawl--35 mm35 mm

Mesh size of ring seineMesh size of ring seine--20mm20mm

Mesh size of dip netMesh size of dip net--20mm20mm

Banned gearsBanned gears--minitrawl,mid water trawl,bullminitrawl,mid water trawl,bulltrawltrawl

Prohibition of night trawlingProhibition of night trawling

Demarcation of fishing ground fro traditionDemarcation of fishing ground fro traditionfishermenfishermen

Closed season during the breeding seasonClosed season during the breeding season


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According to Tamil Nadu fishery legislationAccording to Tamil Nadu fishery legislationArea up to 3 nautical miles reserved for traditional vessels.Fishing with inArea up to 3 nautical miles reserved for traditional vessels.Fishing with in100m below a river mouth is prohibited.100m below a river mouth is prohibited.No fishing gear of less than 100No fishing gear of less than 100--mm mesh from knot to knot in respect ofmm mesh from knot to knot in respect ofnet other than trawl net shall be used.net other than trawl net shall be used.In Andhra PradeshIn Andhra PradeshThe area up to 10 km from shore is reserved for traditional craft.The area up to 10 km from shore is reserved for traditional craft.Mechanized boats are allowed to operate beyond 10 kmMechanized boats are allowed to operate beyond 10 kmOrissa:Orissa:Non mechanized traditional craft shall be allowed to operate freely withoutNon mechanized traditional craft shall be allowed to operate freely withoutrestriction. Mechanized fishing vessels up to 15 m in length shall be allowedrestriction. Mechanized fishing vessels up to 15 m in length shall be allowedto operate beyond 5 km from the coast. Mechanized fishing vessels of 25to operate beyond 5 km from the coast. Mechanized fishing vessels of 25

GRT and above or 15 m in length shall be allowed to operate beyond 10 kmGRT and above or 15 m in length shall be allowed to operate beyond 10 kmfrom the coastfrom the coastWest Bengal:West Bengal:The area up to 15 km from the shore is reserved fro traditional craft. FishingThe area up to 15 km from the shore is reserved fro traditional craft. Fishingcraft fitted with more than 30craft fitted with more than 30--hp engine are allowed to operate beyond 15hp engine are allowed to operate beyond 15kmkm

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The declaration of Exclusive Economic Zone in 1976The declaration of Exclusive Economic Zone in 1976facilitated exploration, exploitation and utilization of marine living resources in the seafacilitated exploration, exploitation and utilization of marine living resources in the seaaround India extending to 200 nautical miles, thereby giving the nation immensearound India extending to 200 nautical miles, thereby giving the nation immenseopportunities and challenges to harvest the resources and to manage them on soundopportunities and challenges to harvest the resources and to manage them on soundscientific basis. The past three decades have witnessed rapid initiatives by thescientific basis. The past three decades have witnessed rapid initiatives by thegovernment and private agencies in the marine fisheries sector of the country.government and private agencies in the marine fisheries sector of the country.

On realization that most of the deep sea fishery resources beyond the conventionalOn realization that most of the deep sea fishery resources beyond the conventionalfishing limit and fishing capability of the indigenous craft can be gainfully exploitedfishing limit and fishing capability of the indigenous craft can be gainfully exploitedonly if the upgraded and sophisticated vessels of adequate size and capabilities areonly if the upgraded and sophisticated vessels of adequate size and capabilities areinducted into the fishery and mobilization of capital and expertise indigenously toinducted into the fishery and mobilization of capital and expertise indigenously toachieve this was found difficult in short span of time, the Government addressed thisachieve this was found difficult in short span of time, the Government addressed thisissue in 1981 Charter Policy.issue in 1981 Charter Policy.

After the expiry of five years of operation of this policy, the Government revised theAfter the expiry of five years of operation of this policy, the Government revised thepolicy to rectify the deficiencies noticed during its operation and to make it morepolicy to rectify the deficiencies noticed during its operation and to make it morebeneficial to the country. Accordingly a revised 1986 Charter Policy was pronounced.beneficial to the country. Accordingly a revised 1986 Charter Policy was pronounced.

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This Charter PolicyThis Charter Policyenvisaged acquisition of vessels by the Indian Companies either throughenvisaged acquisition of vessels by the Indian Companies either throughimport / construction in India or through joint venture etc. As a result of theimport / construction in India or through joint venture etc. As a result of theabove Charter Policy, 97 companies were permitted to operate 311 foreignabove Charter Policy, 97 companies were permitted to operate 311 foreignfishing vessels.fishing vessels.Besides augmenting the marine fish production in the country, the policyBesides augmenting the marine fish production in the country, the policy

also facilitated greater inflow of foreign exchange through export of fishalso facilitated greater inflow of foreign exchange through export of fishcaught by these vessels. All these vessels were operating on 100% EOUcaught by these vessels. All these vessels were operating on 100% EOUbasis. The conditions for acquisition of vessels of adequate type andbasis. The conditions for acquisition of vessels of adequate type andnumber by the Indian companies who chartered vessels helped the growthnumber by the Indian companies who chartered vessels helped the growthof Indian deep sea fishing fleet within a short span.of Indian deep sea fishing fleet within a short span.

Having laid the foundation for the Indian deep sea fishing industry, theHaving laid the foundation for the Indian deep sea fishing industry, the

government went ahead to broad base the initiatives through 1991 policygovernment went ahead to broad base the initiatives through 1991 policywhich envisaged joint venture, test fishing and leasing besides allowingwhich envisaged joint venture, test fishing and leasing besides allowingcontinuing the vessels chartered under 1986 policy till the validity of theircontinuing the vessels chartered under 1986 policy till the validity of theirpermits lasted.permits lasted.

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Marine Fishing Policy 2004Marine Fishing Policy 2004

It is significant that the new policy is being pronounced during theIt is significant that the new policy is being pronounced during theinitial years of the X Five Year Plan, the elements contained thereininitial years of the X Five Year Plan, the elements contained thereinmay be gainfully used by the implementing Departments in themay be gainfully used by the implementing Departments in theCentral and State Governments to reach the benefits to the stakeCentral and State Governments to reach the benefits to the stakeholders.holders.

The policy objectives are:The policy objectives are:(1) to augment marine fish production of the country up to the(1) to augment marine fish production of the country up to the

sustainable level in a responsible manner so as to boost export ofsustainable level in a responsible manner so as to boost export ofsea food from the country and also to increase per capita fishsea food from the country and also to increase per capita fishprotein intake of the masses,protein intake of the masses,

(2) to ensure socio(2) to ensure socio--economic security of the artisanal fishermen whoseeconomic security of the artisanal fishermen whoselivelihood solely depends on this vocation.livelihood solely depends on this vocation.

(3) to ensure sustainable development of marine fisheries with due(3) to ensure sustainable development of marine fisheries with dueconcern for ecological integrity and bioconcern for ecological integrity and biodiversity.diversity. Dr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA

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AQUACULTURE IN INDIAAQUACULTURE IN INDIA

IndiaIndia-- Second important country in Aquaculture production next toSecond important country in Aquaculture production next toChinaChinaCoastal and marine aquacultureCoastal and marine aquacultureFreshwater AquacultureFreshwater Aquaculture-- Carps21,00,000 tonnesCarps21,00,000 tonnes

Main Species Cultured:Black tiger Shrimp, P.monodon and Scampi, M.rosenbergiiMain Species Cultured:Black tiger Shrimp, P.monodon and Scampi, M.rosenbergiiContribution of Each species.Contribution of Each species.

Shrimp:1,44,347 MTShrimp:1,44,347 MTScampi:40,115 MTScampi:40,115 MT

Total farming areaTotal farming areaShrimp:1,50,000 Ha.Shrimp:1,50,000 Ha.Scampi:50,000 Ha.Scampi:50,000 Ha.

Total Farmers :> 1,50,000 numbersTotal Farmers :> 1,50,000 numbersComposition ofFarmersComposition ofFarmers00--2 ha:90%2 ha:90%22--5 ha:6%5 ha:6%>5 ha:4%>5 ha:4%

Contribution to Seafood exports:15% by Volume and 55% ValueContribution to Seafood exports:15% by Volume and 55% ValueContribution to Shrimp exports: 76% by Volume and 84 % valueContribution to Shrimp exports: 76% by Volume and 84 % value

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Status of shrimp aquaculture


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Distribution of Potential Brackishwater Areas

in the Maritime States of India

376.0 405.0

80.0

18.5

65.0 56.8 150.0

31.6

8.0

West Bengal

Orissa

Andhra Pradesh

Tamil Nadu

Kerala

KarnatakaGoa

Maharashtra

Gujarat

Area in '000 Ha


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State-wise and coast-wise details of available potentialand area developed for shrimp aquaculture

StateState Potential BWPotential BW

area(Ha)area(Ha)

AreaArea

Developed (Ha)Developed (Ha)

% of potential% of potential

usedused

Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh 150,000 (12.60 %)150,000 (12.60 %) 79,27079,270 52.8552.85

West BengalWest Bengal 405,000 (34.01 %)405,000 (34.01 %) 50,40550,405 12.4412.44

OrissaOrissa 31,600 (2.65 %)31,600 (2.65 %) 12,88012,880 40.7540.75

Tamil NaduTamil Nadu 56,000 (4.70 %)56,000 (4.70 %) 5,2865,286 9.449.44PondicherryPondicherry 800 (0.07 %)800 (0.07 %) 130130 16.2516.25

East Coast TotalEast Coast Total 643,400 (54.3 %)643,400 (54.3 %) 147,971147,971 23.0023.00

KeralaKerala 65,000 (5.46 %)65,000 (5.46 %) 16,32316,323 25.1125.11

KarnatakaKarnataka 8,000 (0.67%)8,000 (0.67%) 3,4353,435 42.9442.94

GujaratGujarat 376,000 (31.57 %)376,000 (31.57 %) 2,3712,371 0.630.63

MaharashtraMaharashtra 80,000 (6.72 %)80,000 (6.72 %) 1,2811,281 0.630.63

GoaGoa 18,500 (1.55 %)18,500 (1.55 %) 1,0011,001 5.415.41

West Coast TotalWest Coast Total 547,500 (45.97 %)547,500 (45.97 %) 24,41124,411 4.454.45

TOTALTOTAL 1,190,900 (100.00 %)1,190,900 (100.00 %) 172,382172,382 14.4714.47


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Progress of shrimp Culture Production

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

1988

-89

1989

-90

1990

-91

1991

-92

1992

-93

1993

-94

1994

-95

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

1999

-00

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

Quantityin

MT


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Sustainability issuesSustainability issues

Efficiency of resource use means reduce costs (reduced waterEfficiency of resource use means reduce costs (reduced waterexchange, feed management, prudent use of inputs)exchange, feed management, prudent use of inputs)

Reduction in costs through avoiding wastages implies economicReduction in costs through avoiding wastages implies economicefficiency, profitabilityefficiency, profitability

Environmental SustainabilityEnvironmental Sustainability

Habitat destruction ?Habitat destruction ?

Pollution of local water, by intensive production ?Pollution of local water, by intensive production ?


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Problems and ProspectsProblems and Prospects

Environmental & Social ProblemsEnvironmental & Social Problems

Poor Pond understanding of environmentPoor Pond understanding of environmentDisease outDisease out--breaks (lossbreaks (loss--US $ 125 ml)US $ 125 ml)

Lack of skillsLack of skills-- farmersfarmers-- BMPsBMPs

Sustainability?Sustainability?Limited use of ecoLimited use of eco--friendly technologiesfriendly technologies

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Environmental and social issues of AquacultureEnvironmental and social issues of Aquaculture

Conflicts among coastal resource usersConflicts among coastal resource users

Salination of soil and the consequential devaluation of landsSalination of soil and the consequential devaluation of lands

Large scale abstraction of freshwater causing degradation of potable andLarge scale abstraction of freshwater causing degradation of potable andagriculture water suppliesagriculture water supplies

Discharge of farm effluents and pollution in coastal watersDischarge of farm effluents and pollution in coastal waters

Deforestation of mangrovesDeforestation of mangroves

Right of access of fishing is deniedRight of access of fishing is denied

Conflicts with capture fisheriesConflicts with capture fisheries--procurement of wild seedprocurement of wild seed

Impact on biodiversityImpact on biodiversity--pollution and wild seed collectionpollution and wild seed collection

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Laws relating to AquacultureLaws relating to Aquaculture

Prawn filtration in traditional Chemmeen Kettu in Kerala ProhibitedPrawn filtration in traditional Chemmeen Kettu in Kerala Prohibitedfiltration after 15 Aprilfiltration after 15 April

Environmental Protection Act 1986Environmental Protection Act 1986

1995 Amendment to Land reforms Act 1974 made land leasing for1995 Amendment to Land reforms Act 1974 made land leasing foraquaculture an exceptionaquaculture an exception

1997 Court directive to establish a Coastal Zone Management Authority1997 Court directive to establish a Coastal Zone Management Authorityto enforce the principle of precaution and polluter paysto enforce the principle of precaution and polluter pays

Constitution of Aquaculture Authority to issue license for traditional andConstitution of Aquaculture Authority to issue license for traditional andimproved traditional aquaculture within CRZ.improved traditional aquaculture within CRZ.

Restriction on use of certain chemicals, antibiotics, pesticides andRestriction on use of certain chemicals, antibiotics, pesticides andexplosives GOI 2002explosives GOI 2002

Dr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA

9-01-2008


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What is CRZ ?What is CRZ ?

The coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks,The coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks,rivers and backwaters which are influenced by tidalrivers and backwaters which are influenced by tidalaction upto 5oo m. from thehigh tide line (HTL) and theaction upto 5oo m. from thehigh tide line (HTL) and theland between the low tide level (LTL) and the HTL island between the low tide level (LTL) and the HTL is

termed as CRZ.termed as CRZ.The notification imposes restriction on the setting up andThe notification imposes restriction on the setting up andexpansion of industries, operations or processes in theexpansion of industries, operations or processes in theCRZCRZ


99--0101--20082008


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Coastal Regulation ZoneCoastal Regulation Zone

Notification 1991Notification 1991GenesisGenesis

1981 November: The then PM Smt. Indira Gandhi took initial measures to1981 November: The then PM Smt. Indira Gandhi took initial measures toprotect the ecological balance in the coastal area of our country by writing aprotect the ecological balance in the coastal area of our country by writing aletter to all the CM of the coastal states.letter to all the CM of the coastal states.

1982: the ministry of Environment setup working groups to prepare1982: the ministry of Environment setup working groups to prepareenvironmental guidelines for the development of beaches and coastal areas.environmental guidelines for the development of beaches and coastal areas.

1983 July: Environmental guidelines were promulgated.1983 July: Environmental guidelines were promulgated.

19851985--06: Launched an integrated project called06: Launched an integrated project called Monitoring of coastal watersMonitoring of coastal waters forforassessing the status of coastal pollution up to 5Kmassessing the status of coastal pollution up to 5Km-- DOD & MoEFDOD & MoEF

1989: Draft of CRZ notification was published1989: Draft of CRZ notification was published

1990 December 15th : MoEF issued notification against the declaration of the1990 December 15th : MoEF issued notification against the declaration of thecoastal stretches as regulation zonescoastal stretches as regulation zones-- imposed restrictions on industries,imposed restrictions on industries,operation and processes in the zone.operation and processes in the zone.

1991 February 9th : based on the EP Act 1986 MoEF issued CRZ notification1991 February 9th : based on the EP Act 1986 MoEF issued CRZ notification

Dr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA99--0101--20082008


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Classification of CRZClassification of CRZ

For regulating development activities, the coastal stretches with inFor regulating development activities, the coastal stretches with in500 meters of High Tide Line on the landward side are classified in500 meters of High Tide Line on the landward side are classified into 4 categories. They areto 4 categories. They are--CRZCRZ--I : sensitive areaI : sensitive area-- no activity permittedno activity permitted-- Area between LTL andArea between LTL and

HTLHTLCRZCRZ--II: The coastal stretches of urban and developed areasII: The coastal stretches of urban and developed areas--buildings are permitted on the landward side of the existing buildingsbuildings are permitted on the landward side of the existing buildingsor structuresor structuresCRZCRZ-- III: areas, which do not belong to the aboveIII: areas, which do not belong to the above-- no constriction isno constriction ispermitted upto 200m from HTL. However, beach resorts and otherpermitted upto 200m from HTL. However, beach resorts and otheractivities permitted on conditions.activities permitted on conditions.CRZCRZ-- IV: Lakshadweep, Andaman, Nicobar, and other small islandsIV: Lakshadweep, Andaman, Nicobar, and other small islandsare grouped under this.are grouped under this.



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Permissible ActivitiesPermissible ActivitiesClearance for any activity in the CRZClearance for any activity in the CRZ-- given only if it requires waterfront and foreshoregiven only if it requires waterfront and foreshorefacilities.facilities.The following activities require environmental clearance from MoEFThe following activities require environmental clearance from MoEFConstruction activities related to Atomic Energy DepartmentConstruction activities related to Atomic Energy DepartmentConstruction of ports, harbours, lighthouses, jetties.wharves, etc.Construction of ports, harbours, lighthouses, jetties.wharves, etc.Reclamation for commercial purposesReclamation for commercial purposesExploration and extraction of oil and natural gasExploration and extraction of oil and natural gasThermal power plantsThermal power plantsHousing schemes in CRZ areasHousing schemes in CRZ areasMining of rare mineralsMining of rare mineralsSpecified activities/facilities in SEZSpecified activities/facilities in SEZFacilities for generating power by nonFacilities for generating power by non--conventional energy sourcesconventional energy sourcesAirstrips and other facilities in Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar IslandsAirstrips and other facilities in Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar IslandsDemolition or reconstruction of buildings of archeological importance, heritage buildingsDemolition or reconstruction of buildings of archeological importance, heritage buildingsand buildings under public useand buildings under public useSetting up of shrimp hatcheries.Setting up of shrimp hatcheries.



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Prohibited ActivitiesProhibited ActivitiesThe following activities are declared as prohibited in the CRZ:The following activities are declared as prohibited in the CRZ:--Setting up of new industries and expansion of existing industriesSetting up of new industries and expansion of existing industriesManufacture or handling or storage or disposal of hazardous substancesManufacture or handling or storage or disposal of hazardous substancesSetting up and expansion of fish processing unitsSetting up and expansion of fish processing unitsMechanism for disposal of waste and effluentsMechanism for disposal of waste and effluentsDischarge of untreated wastes and effluents from industries, cities and other human settlements.Discharge of untreated wastes and effluents from industries, cities and other human settlements.Dumping of town waste for the purpose of land fillingDumping of town waste for the purpose of land fillingDumping of ash or wastes from thermal power stations.Dumping of ash or wastes from thermal power stations.Land reclamation, bunding or disturbing the natural course of seawaterLand reclamation, bunding or disturbing the natural course of seawaterMining of sands, rocks and other substrata materialsMining of sands, rocks and other substrata materialsHarvesting and drawl of ground waterHarvesting and drawl of ground waterAny construction activity between the LTL and HTLAny construction activity between the LTL and HTLAltering of sand dunes or natural features for beautificationAltering of sand dunes or natural features for beautification

Setting up of new shrimp farms.Setting up of new shrimp farms. Dr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA99--0101--20082008


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Coastal Zone ManagementCoastal Zone Management

Notification 2007(Draft)Notification 2007(Draft)BackgroundBackground

The implementation of CRZ notification ignored by stateThe implementation of CRZ notification ignored by stategovernmentsgovernmentsVested interests from various lobbies (tourism, industry, etc.)Vested interests from various lobbies (tourism, industry, etc.)-- triedtriedto violate CRZ notificationto violate CRZ notification

CRZ notification amended 19 timesCRZ notification amended 19 times-- rendered the law more impotentrendered the law more impotentAs a part of environmental regulations by MoEFAs a part of environmental regulations by MoEFAppointed Prof. M. S. Swaminathan committeAppointed Prof. M. S. Swaminathan committe July 2004July 2004 in orderin orderto recommend necessary amenmends to make the CRZ legislationto recommend necessary amenmends to make the CRZ legislationmore effectivemore effective--consists of 13 members and 7 coconsists of 13 members and 7 co--opted members.opted members.--TsunamiTsunami-- 26th December 200426th December 2004-- intensified the importance of thisintensified the importance of this

committeecommittee Dr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA99--0101--20082008


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CRZ regulations on aquacultureCRZ regulations on aquacultureHelpful in the orderly development of brackish water aquacultureHelpful in the orderly development of brackish water aquaculture

To protect the mangrove eco system and interalia conservation ofTo protect the mangrove eco system and interalia conservation ofBiodiversity and fish wealthBiodiversity and fish wealth

Aquaculture guidelines have been found strictly followed andAquaculture guidelines have been found strictly followed andtherefore shrimp farm effluents comply with the standardstherefore shrimp farm effluents comply with the standards

prescribed.prescribed.

Have positive impact on setting up of scientifically designedHave positive impact on setting up of scientifically designedshrimp farmsshrimp farms

Negative impactsNegative impactsGrowth of shrimp farmingGrowth of shrimp farmingRegulated the stocking densityRegulated the stocking density

No new shrimp farms in the CRZNo new shrimp farms in the CRZNo expansion of shrimpfarms in the CRZNo expansion of shrimpfarms in the CRZ



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Setting up of AquacultureSetting up of Aquaculture

AuthorityAuthorityNotified on 6th Feb 1997 by the Ministry of Environment & ForestsNotified on 6th Feb 1997 by the Ministry of Environment & ForestsAnd is functioning under the administrative control of Ministry ofAnd is functioning under the administrative control of Ministry ofAgriculture with Justice.G.Ramanujam (Retied judgeAgriculture with Justice.G.Ramanujam (Retied judge-- Madras HighMadras HighCourt)Court)Aquaculture Authority constituted two subcommitteesAquaculture Authority constituted two subcommittees

1. Formulation of guidelines to enabling farmers to adopt improved1. Formulation of guidelines to enabling farmers to adopt improvedtechnologytechnology

2. Formulation of guidelines to enabling farmers to set up efficient2. Formulation of guidelines to enabling farmers to set up efficienttreatment systems in their shrimp farmstreatment systems in their shrimp farms



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Sub committee.ISub committee.I

Guide lines to adopt improved technology for increasing production andGuide lines to adopt improved technology for increasing production andproductivity in traditional and improved traditional systems of shrimpproductivity in traditional and improved traditional systems of shrimp

farmingfarming-- Aquaculture authorityAquaculture authorityTerms of referenceTerms of referenceTo examine the relevant portion of the supreme court judgment dtTo examine the relevant portion of the supreme court judgment dt

11.12.96 under which the suggestion has been made by the Apex11.12.96 under which the suggestion has been made by the ApexCourt for adoption of improved technology for increasing production from traditional andCourt for adoption of improved technology for increasing production from traditional and

improved traditional farming systemimproved traditional farming system

To define specific parameters for improved traditional systemTo define specific parameters for improved traditional system

To specify permissible activities that can be practiced by the shrimpTo specify permissible activities that can be practiced by the shrimpfarmers with in CRZ areafarmers with in CRZ area

To suggest measures that are to be taken by the shrimp farmers whileTo suggest measures that are to be taken by the shrimp farmers whileundertaking improved technology to protect the ecosystem with in theundertaking improved technology to protect the ecosystem with in theframe work of the Supreme court judgmentframe work of the Supreme court judgment



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Extract Guide lines of Aquaculture Authority forExtract Guide lines of Aquaculture Authority for

improving Production and productivityimproving Production and productivityWater depth 80Water depth 80--100cm, deepening of farms100cm, deepening of farms

Pumping of water as per requirementPumping of water as per requirement

Farms above 5 ha should keep 10% of the area as reserved as waste stabilization pondsFarms above 5 ha should keep 10% of the area as reserved as waste stabilization ponds

Drying of pond , application of lime as per requirement , pond fertilisation using organicDrying of pond , application of lime as per requirement , pond fertilisation using organicand inorganic fertilizersand inorganic fertilizers

Eradication of pests and predators by applying mahua Oil cake or AmmoniaEradication of pests and predators by applying mahua Oil cake or Ammonia

Stocking with hatchery reared healthy seed @4Stocking with hatchery reared healthy seed @4--6 no/m6 no/m22

Supplementary feeding with formulated feed ( Dry pellets) with a minimum 4 hr waterSupplementary feeding with formulated feed ( Dry pellets) with a minimum 4 hr water

stability at optimal level with out wastagestability at optimal level with out wastageDr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA

99--0101--20082008


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Regular monitoring of growth and health to ascertain the culturedRegular monitoring of growth and health to ascertain the culturedprawns are under stress conditionsprawns are under stress conditions

Regular monitoring of water and soil quality parametersRegular monitoring of water and soil quality parameters

Harvesting by completely draining the pond by pumping out the wasteHarvesting by completely draining the pond by pumping out the wastestabilisation ponds.stabilisation ponds.

Expected production 1Expected production 1--1.5 tonnes/ha/crop1.5 tonnes/ha/crop

Thus 2 crops/year can be takenThus 2 crops/year can be taken Dr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA99--0101--20082008


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Subcommittee II GuidelinesSubcommittee II Guidelines--Effluent treatmentEffluent treatment

system in shrimp farm:Aquaculture Authority ,GoIsystem in shrimp farm:Aquaculture Authority ,GoITerms of referencesTerms of references::To examine the present system of waste water treatment from theTo examine the present system of waste water treatment from theshrimp culture pondsshrimp culture pondsTo examine the various provisions of environment (protection)To examine the various provisions of environment (protection)Act,1986 and Central Water (Prevention and control of pollution)Act,1986 and Central Water (Prevention and control of pollution)

Act,1974 regarding the treatment of effluent watersAct,1974 regarding the treatment of effluent watersTo examine the design details of effluent treatment systemTo examine the design details of effluent treatment systemprepared by the MPEDAprepared by the MPEDATo suggest suitable methodology separately for small clusters ofTo suggest suitable methodology separately for small clusters ofshrimp farms varying between 1shrimp farms varying between 1--2 ha and farms up to 5 ha and2 ha and farms up to 5 ha andaboveabove

To evolve design of model units for the above mentioned types ofTo evolve design of model units for the above mentioned types offarms and the suggest ways and means of implementationfarms and the suggest ways and means of implementationDr.B.M.Kurup,INDIADr.B.M.Kurup,INDIA

99--0101--20082008


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GuidelinesGuidelines--Effluent treatment systemsEffluent treatment systems::

Effluent Treatment System(ETS) became mandatory forEffluent Treatment System(ETS) became mandatory forall shrimp farms of 5.0 ha water spread area and aboveall shrimp farms of 5.0 ha water spread area and abovelocated with in CRZ and 10 ha water spread area belowlocated with in CRZ and 10 ha water spread area belowand above located outside CRZand above located outside CRZCRZ should have either effluent Treatment System orCRZ should have either effluent Treatment System orEffluent TreatmentPondsEffluent TreatmentPondsEstablishment of such system is necessary to bring theEstablishment of such system is necessary to bring theshrimp farm waste water within the prescribed standardshrimp farm waste water within the prescribed standardand mitigate any adverse impact on the ecology of theand mitigate any adverse impact on the ecology of theopen watersopen waters



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Effluent treatment systemEffluent treatment system

a.Settlement pond/Sedimentation ponda.Settlement pond/Sedimentation pond: (90mx 24m x 1.2 m depth: (90mx 24m x 1.2 m depth --375 sq km)375 sq km)

used to remove suspended solids from waste water flowused to remove suspended solids from waste water flow--living planktonliving planktoncell,feed material,organic material,seetling solids at harvestcell,feed material,organic material,seetling solids at harvest

b.Bio pond or Biological Treatment pondb.Bio pond or Biological Treatment pond(30x36mx 1.5 m depth) : Biological(30x36mx 1.5 m depth) : Biological

treatments aims at using plants and animals to reduce nutrient loads and particulatetreatments aims at using plants and animals to reduce nutrient loads and particulatematter in the shrimp farm dischargematter in the shrimp farm discharge

various option availablevarious option available-- sea weeds to reduce nutrient(Ulva,Gracilaria)sea weeds to reduce nutrient(Ulva,Gracilaria)mollusks to reduce suspended matter(Crassostrea spp.,Perna spp.,Anadora sp.etc)mollusks to reduce suspended matter(Crassostrea spp.,Perna spp.,Anadora sp.etc)fish to transform phytoplankton in to organic matterfish to transform phytoplankton in to organic matter

c.Aeration pond(19x36m x 1.7 m)c.Aeration pond(19x36m x 1.7 m) helps to increase the dissolved oxygen levels ofhelps to increase the dissolved oxygen levels ofwater before it is pumped for recirculationwater before it is pumped for recirculation


Guidelines/ standards for waste water from coastal aquacultureGuidelines/ standards for waste water from coastal aquaculture


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Guidelines/ standards for waste water from coastal aquacultureGuidelines/ standards for waste water from coastal aquaculture

farms in Indiafarms in India (Source:Aquaculture authority of India,June 2001)(Source:Aquaculture authority of India,June 2001)

Sl.NoSl.No ParametersParameters No. Final Discharge PointNo. Final Discharge Point

CoastalCoastal

marine watermarine water

Creeks/ estuariesCreeks/ estuaries--

whenwhenmarine the samemarine the same

inland waterinland water

courses are usedcourses are used

as wateras water

source andsource and

disposal pointdisposal point

11 PHPH 6.06.0--8.58.5 6.06.0 -- 8.58.5

22 Suspended Solids mg/lSuspended Solids mg/l 100100 100100

33 Not less than 3.0Not less than 3.0 Not less than 3.0Not less than 3.0

44 Free Ammonia(as NH3Free Ammonia(as NH3 --N ) mg/lN ) mg/l 5050 0.50.5

55 BioBio--chemicalchemical

Oxygen Demand (BOD)Oxygen Demand (BOD)

(5 days at 20C ) mg/l(5 days at 20C ) mg/l

5050 2020

66 Chemical OxygenChemical Oxygen

Demand (COD) mg/lDemand (COD) mg/l

100100 7575

77 Dissolved PhosphateDissolved Phosphate

(as P) mg/l(as P) mg/l

0.40.4 0.20.2

88 Total NitrogenTotal Nitrogen(as N) mg/l(as N) mg/l

2.02.0 2.02.0

National Committee for introductionNational Committee for introduction


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National Committee for introductionNational Committee for introductionof Exoticsof Exotics

& Quarentine& Quarentine

f Agriculturef Agriculture

r committeer committeeas the nodal agencyas the nodal agency

for potential threat offor potential threat of

ity and environmentity and environment


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Thank you

Thank you

kurup standards regulations codes of practice

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