highlights of codes, regulations and laws for public protection
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Highlights of Codes, Regulations and Laws For Public Protection
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Codes & Regulation For Public Protection:Federal Level:
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Codes & Regulation For Public Protection:
State Level Housing Codes
• State and local agencies adopt EPA and other federal regulations by ordinance.– This is what gives the regulations legal clout.
• States also adopt Building Codes that apply to new construction and/or rehabilitation.– This is what gives the building code legal clout.
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Codes & Regulation For Public Protection:
State Level Housing Codes
•International Building Code is the most recent conventionally adopted code.
•History: •Uniform Building Code (UBC)•Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA)•International Building Code (IBC)
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Common Federal Regulatory Agencies
EPA: US Environmental Protection Agency – EPA publishes its regulations at Title
40 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
– EPA establishes regulations on housing problems related to:• Lead-based paint• Air quality• Sanitary/potable water• Asbestos, etc.
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Common Regulatory Agencies
• HUD: United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.
– HUD publishes its regulations at Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
– HUD establishes regulations for all housing and for housing receiving federal funds.
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Common Regulatory Agencies
• HUD Regulates:
– MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES
– NONDISCRIMINATION IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS, FAIR HOUSING
– HOUSING ASSISTANCE/PUBLIC HOUSING
– HUD publishes its regulations at Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
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Example of State Building Code Standards Adoption
• The following is an example of federal regulation guidelines being adopted by State Legislature.
• www.energycodes.gov: JCARR (Ohio Joint Committee on Agency Rule Review)
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Core Elements of Housing Codes that Address Health
• General sanitation• Pest infestation• Plumbing• Ventilation• Carbon monoxide• Combustion devices• Non-absorbent flooring• Hazardous materials• Weather-tightness & Dampness
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Public Nuisance Laws
• Local governments have the authority to address nuisances that threaten health & safety of the general public.
• The definition of a nuisance varies by state and locality.
• Most codes provide authority to take action when a condition in a residential property is harmful to health.
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Landlord Tenant Laws• These laws establish the responsibilities
for tenants and landlords.
• For example:
– Tenants may be required to keep premises free of clutter, which can help attract and harbor pests.
– Landlords are required to provide maintenance to keep pests out and provide sufficient trash pick up.
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A Closer Look At Building Codes• Objectives of the building code:
– To ensure safety & health of the occupants and general public• Life Safety• Fire Safety• Structural Safety
– Does NOT deal with asthetics
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Life Safety: Handrails
• Building code address life safety issues like guardrails/handrails
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Life Safety: StairsBuilding code address life safety issues like:
• Tread/riser uniformity• Accessibility regulations for handicapped
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Fire Safety: Construction Methods
• Building code regulates fire safety related to fire-resistant construction materials and methods.
– Ie, platform framing vs. balloon framing
• Balloon framing has been outlawed by building codes in many areas because of the fire danger that it poses
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Balloon vs. Platform Framing
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Fire Safety: Code Required Passive Fire Protection
– Requires use of fire-resistance rated wall and floor assemblies
• Aids in managing/limiting spread of fire
– Requires occupancy separations, or firewalls, to keep fires, high temperatures and flue gases within the compartment of origin
• Aids in firefighting and evacuation
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Health & Welfare
• Provisions are included in the building code for:– Lighting– Ventilation– Sanitation– Temperature– Noise control
• Minimum space requirements for habitable rooms
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Enforcement of A Building Code• Codes are enforceable through the
police powers of the state.
• States usually delegate power to local jurisdictions– County/municipality
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Building Officials
• Authority to enforce/administer code for jurisdiction.– Designs nothing– Builds nothing– Repairs nothing
• Responsibility:– To see that persons engaged in these
activities do so within the requirements of law.