ksc annual report · by offering the “seven habits of highly effective people” training to more...

KSCKSCKSCKSCKSCANNUALANNUALANNUALANNUALANNUALREPORTREPORTREPORTREPORTREPORT

20012001200120012001

In this mixed media painting by artistChet Jezierski, Space ShuttleColumbia lifts off on mission STS-1,the first of the Shuttle program.

FY 2001 Annual Report

A technician performs final testing onStarshine 3 to prepare for the launchof the Kodiak Star at Kodiak Island,Alaska.


Table of Contents

Center Director’s Message ......................................................................... 2

Vision and Mission ...................................................................................... 5

Historical Timeline ....................................................................................... 7

Significant Events...................................................................................... 13

Expendable Launch Vehicle Program ....................................................... 17

Payload Carriers Program......................................................................... 21

Space Shuttle Program ............................................................................. 23

Shuttle Upgrages ...................................................................................... 27

International Space Station ....................................................................... 32

Spaceport and Range Technologies ......................................................... 35

Future Vehicles ......................................................................................... 39

Safety and Health...................................................................................... 41

Environmental Stewardship ...................................................................... 45

Partnerships .............................................................................................. 47

Outreach to the World ............................................................................... 53

Education .................................................................................................. 57

Economic Impact ....................................................................................... 60

Statement of the Chief Financial Officer ................................................... 64

Financial Statement .................................................................................. 66

1

FY 2001 Annual Report2

A Message fromthe Center Director

dedicated to Space Station assembly. Manylandmark components were launched fromKSC, such as the U.S. Laboratory (Destiny),the Space Station Remote ManipulatorSystem (Canadarm 2), and the Joint Airlock(Quest), which marked the completion ofPhase II of the ISS assembly process andallowed a permanent resident crew of three. Inaddition, three resupply and outfitting missionswere successfully completed utilizing theMPLM and other Payload Carriers.

Our Expendable Launch Vehicle Programcelebrated the success of seven launchesfrom a diverse set of launch sites: VandenbergAir Force Base in California, Kwajalein MissileRange in the Pacific Ocean, the new KodiakLaunch Complex in Alaska, and CapeCanaveral Air Force Station. KSC alsodebuted the new Launch Vehicle Data Center(LVDC), replacing an older, single controlroom with three new control rooms and state-of-the-art equipment.

KSC has worked diligently to seek out andform partnerships that are vital sources ofsupport and collaboration for several currentand future endeavors. One such project is theInternational Space Research ParkTM (ISRP),a new partnership with the state of Florida thatwill create an environment for research andtechnology development. Construction hasbegun on the Space Experiment Researchand Processing Laboratory (SERPL), also ajoint venture between KSC and the state ofFlorida. This magnet facility of the ISRP willbecome a primary gateway to the InternationalSpace Station for science experiments and aworld-class home to ground-basedinvestigations in fundamental and appliedbiological science.

With KSC leading the way in spaceportand range technology development, the questis on to continually develop new technologiesand coordinate these efforts with many stateand federal agencies as well as private

In fiscal year 2001, Kennedy SpaceCenter joined forces with several new partnersand enjoyed continued achievements in thearena of space exploration. The year ishighlighted by 14 safe and successfullaunches that history will record as milestoneson our quest to understand the universe. Thisyear also marked the 20th anniversary ofSpace Shuttle launches.

KSC again played a pivotal role in thedevelopment of the International SpaceStation taking shape high above Earth. Morethan 66 tons of Station elements and cargowere processed here and successfullylaunched on seven Shuttle missions, each


“outstanding effectiveness in the workplaceand community.” The Federal Councilrecognized KSC for Skin Cancer Preventionwith an award for the NASA Solar SafeProgram. This prevention program wasdeveloped at KSC in support of our PrincipalCenter assignment for Agency OccupationalHealth, and was deployed across the Agency.KSC is seriously committed to the safety andhealth of employees, and Solar Safe is a partof that commitment.

KSC continues to be a focal point forNASA’s public outreach, attracting millions ofvisitors and providing public communicationsopportunities through high visibility spacelaunches and landing activities. KSCemployees personally touch thousands asthey host launch visitors, provide orientationbriefings, volunteer for the Speakers Bureau,host special events, provide displays andexhibits at symposiums and conferences, andjudge local science fairs and participate inCareer Days. Formal education programsreach thousands of students and faculty withcurriculum-related immersive experiences.One new partnership with Florida’sDepartment of Education provides anovernight educational and shuttle launchviewing experience for fifth-grade students.

I am proud to be a part of the KSC teamas we forge ahead, working together with ourpartners to ensure a future in which thequestions of our universe will be answered bythe discoveries of safe, efficient spaceventures.

Roy D. Bridges, Jr.

industry and academia. NASA and the AirForce have signed a Memorandum ofAgreement (MOA) detailing the high levelapproach to cooperative efforts for advancedrange technology development. This MOAsets in motion the Advanced RangeTechnology Working Group (ARTWG), co-chaired by NASA-KSC and Air Force SpaceCommand, with the goal of forming a nationalroadmap developed by all range stakeholders.This technology development roadmap will bethe formal plan for developing the ranges ofthe future. Similarly, NASA-KSC also chairsthe Advanced Spaceport Technology WorkingGroup (ASTWG), to develop the nationalroadmap for technology development forexisting and future spaceports.

KSC led the NASA Civil Service Centers inFY 2000 and FY 2001 in Space Act Awards forinventions and other scientific and technicalcontributions that have helped to achieveNASA’s aeronautical and space goals. In FY2001, KSC distributed $187,300 of awards toinventors. KSC was also awarded the 2000NASA Commercial Invention of the Year. Theinvention is a new emissions control systemdeveloped for oxidizer scrubbers that couldeliminate the current oxidizer scrubber liquidwaste and lower the nitrous oxide (NOx)emissions by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. Theoutput is a form of fertilizer, which is beneficialfor KSC’s citrus crops.

Over the past years, KSC has beenpreparing the workforce for the changesassociated with KSC’s new strategic directionby offering the “Seven Habits of HighlyEffective People” training to more than 1,100civil service employees. KSC’s ChangeLeaders Network (CLN) facilitated this trainingand, in 2001, KSC was awarded theprestigious Franklin Covey Team Award forSynergy and Impact. KSC was among only sixorganizations worldwide to receive the awardin that category, which recognizes teams for


This image of the central region of ourMilky Way galaxy is a mosaic of severalimages taken by the Chandra X-rayObservatory. It reveals hundreds of whitedwarf stars, neutron stars, and blackholes bathed in an incandescent fog ofmultimillion-degree gas.


Within NASA’s framework of space anddevelopment centers, Kennedy Space Centeris the Center of Excellence for Launch andPayload Processing Systems, Lead Center forAcquisition and Management of ExpendableLaunch Vehicle Launch Services and LeadCenter for Payload Carriers and Support. InNovember 2000, the NASA Administratoramended KSC’s Mission Area and assignedKSC as “Space Launch Operations” and“Spaceport and Range Technologies.” Eachstep forward to expand KSC’s capabilities isaccomplished in partnership with other NASAcenters to achieve the vision and mission ofthe National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration.

NASA VisionNASA is an investment in America’s

future. As explorers, pioneers and innovators,we boldly expand frontiers in air and space toinspire and serve America and to benefit thequality of life on Earth.

NASA Mission• To advance and communicate scientific

knowledge and understanding of the Earth,the solar system, and the universe

• To advance human exploration, use, anddevelopment of space

• To research, develop, verify, and transferadvanced aeronautics and spacetechnologies

The strategic goals, vision and guidingprinciples developed at KSC mirror thededication, excellence and integrity ofinvesting in America’s future throughcontinued space exploration.

KSC Strategic Goals• Assure and advance access to space for

exploration, development, and use• Provide innovative spaceport and range

technologies for safe space operations andexploration missions

• Provide and assure safe, world-classservices for operations and developmentfunctions

KSC Guiding Principles• Safety and Health First• Build Reliance and Teamwork Everywhere• Satisfy Our Customers’ Needs Anytime,

Anywhere• Environmental Leadership

Vision and Mission

5


At dawn on Launch Pad 36A,an Atlas IIA/Centaur rocket isfueled for launch of NASA’sTracking and Data RelaySatellite (TDRS-H).


KSC: A Historical Timeline

October 1957 – Just six days after NASA wasformally organized from the National AdvisoryCommittee for Aeronautics, the first Americanhuman space flight program, Project Mercury,was initiated.

May 1961 – Alan B. Shepard Jr. became thefirst American to fly into space during a 15-minute suborbital Mercury mission.

August 1961 – NASA announced that itintends to expand the Cape Canaveralfacilities to launch humans to the moon byacquiring 80,000 acres of land north and westof the Air Force Missile test center facilities atthe Cape.

February 1962 – John H. Glenn Jr. becamethe first American to orbit the Earth on theMercury flight Friendship 7.

July 1962 – Dr. Kurt H. Debus was namedDirector of the Launch Operations Center,which later became the John F. KennedySpace Center.

July 1963 – Construction of the VehicleAssembly Building began, making it at thetime, the largest building in the world withmore than 129,480,000 cubic feet.

November 1963 – President Johnsonrenamed both the Launch Operations Centerand the Cape Canaveral Auxiliary Air ForceStation to the John F. Kennedy Space Centerseven days after the president wasassassinated.

August 1965 – Construction of the first stretchof the crawlerway, between the VehicleAssembly Building and Launch Pad 39A, wascompleted.

January 1967 – The three-man crew for thefirst manned Apollo spaceflight (AS-204) diedin an accidental flash fire at Launch Complex34 during the first major dress rehearsal. Thecrew comprised Virgil I. Grissom, Edward H.White and Roger B. Chaffee.

November 1967 – One of KSC’s two newpads at Launch Complex 39, Pad A, was usedfor the first time to launch the Saturn Vspacecraft development flight. This was alsothe first time that one of the firing rooms inKSC’s Launch Control Center was used.

July 1969 – A Saturn V rocket safely boostedNeil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and MichaelCollins into space on July 16, culminating inthe first landing on the moon on July 20 at10:56 p.m. EST.



8

May 1973 – Florida Gov. Reuben Askewsigned a legislative enactment that restoredthe name of the geographic cape to CapeCanaveral from Cape Kennedy, a name it hadheld for almost ten years.

May 1973 – Launch of an unmanned Saturn Vrocket completed first Skylab mission.

January 1975 – Lee R. Scherer officiallyassumed his duties as the second KSCDirector.

July 1975 – Launch of Apollo-Soyuz TestProject (ASTP) designed to test rendezvousand docking system compatibility for Americanand Soviet spacecraft and open the way forfuture joint human flights. On board the Apollospacecraft were astronauts Thomas Stafford,Vance Brand and Donald “Deke” Slayton. Onboard the Soyuz spacecraft were cosmonautsAlexei Leonov and Valeriy Kubasov.

March 1979 – The first Space Shuttle orbiter,Columbia, arrived at KSC and spent 610 daysbeing prepared for launch in one of the twinbays in the Orbiter Processing Facility.

September 1979 – Richard G. Smith wasnamed the third KSC Director.

April 1981 – The newly refurbished andmodified Pad A, at Launch Complex 39, wasused for the first launch in the Space Shuttleprogram on April 12, the 20th anniversary ofYuri Gagarin’s first launch into orbit forhumankind. On board Space Shuttle Columbiawere astronauts John Young and RobertCrippen.

February 1984 – For the first time, followingthe completion of STS 41-B, the Space Shuttlelanded at the Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF).

January 1986 – Pad B at Launch Complex 39was used for the first time in the Space Shuttleprogram to launch Space Shuttle Challengeron mission STS 51-L. Approximately 73seconds after its launch on January 28 at11:38 a.m. EST, an explosion occurredcausing the loss of the orbiter and its crew.

September 1986 – Lt. Gen. Forrest S.McCartney was named the fourth KSCDirector.

September 1988 – Space Shuttle flightsresumed after an extensive investigation intothe STS 51-L accident and an assessment ofthe Space Shuttle program was conducted.

September 1991 – A third Orbiter ProcessingFacility bay was dedicated. The former OrbiterModification and Refurbishment Facility, whichhad been used for off-line orbiter inspection,modifications and repair work, was convertedusing existing service structures and workplatforms transported to KSC fromVandenberg Air Force Base.


January 1992 – Robert L. Crippen wasnamed the fifth KSC Director.

June 1994 – The Space Station ProcessingFacility (SSPF), which serves as the centralpreflight checkout and processing point forelements of the International Space Station,was dedicated.

June 1995 – The first piece of hardware to beprocessed for flight in the Space StationProcessing Facility arrived at KSC. It was theRussian Docking Module, which was attachedto the Mir Space Station during STS-74.

January 1995 – Jay F. Honeycutt was namedthe sixth KSC Director.

March 1997 – Roy D. Bridges Jr. was namedthe seventh KSC Director. A former astronautand retired Air Force Major General, he is thecurrent Center Director, overseeing SpaceShuttle launches as assembly of theInternational Space Station progresses.

July 1997 – The Kennedy Space CenterImplementation Plan and Road Map, a boldplan for KSC’s future through the year 2025,was unveiled.

June 1998 – The Joint PerformanceManagement Office (JPMO) is formed tomanage the upcoming Joint Base Operationsand Support Contract (J-BOSC). JPMO is nowcalled the Cape Canaveral SpaceportManagement Office (CCSMO).

August 1998 – Space Gateway Support(SGS) is awarded the J-BOSC contract, inwhich KSC and the 45th Space Wing combineresources and requirements to cut expenses,reinvest savings and consolidate functions.

October 1998 – President Clinton visits KSCfor the launch of Shuttle Discovery on STS-95.The world watches as U.S. Sen. John Glenn,one of the original Mercury astronauts, beginshis second voyage into space after 36 years.

October 1998 – Expendable Launch Vehicle(ELV) Program is consolidated at KSC. KSCassumes contract managementresponsibilities for ELV launch services.

December 1998 – STS-88, the first SpaceShuttle mission dedicated to the assembly ofthe ISS was launched from Pad 39A onDecember 4 carrying the Unity node.

May 1999 – Shuttle Discovery was launchedfrom Pad 39B on May 27 on the first dockingmission with the International Space Station.

July 1999 – The first Space Shuttle missioncommanded by a female, astronaut EileenCollins, began with the launch of ShuttleColumbia on STS-93.

December 1999 – Launch of STS-103, thethird Shuttle mission to service the HubbleSpace Telescope.



January 2000 – KSC hosted the first FloridaSpace Summit to discuss the future of spaceas it relates to the state of Florida.

May 2000 – Launch of STS-101, the firstservicing mission to the International SpaceStation.

May 2000 – KSC 2000 reorganization effort isset in place, streamlining the Center andadapting it to modern technology andcustomer needs.

May 2000 – KSC, the Air Force 45th SpaceWing Command, and Florida Space Authoritybegin planning for the future of the Spaceportby starting work on a Cape CanaveralSpaceport Master Plan.

June 2000 – KSC and the Air Force sign aninteragency agreement establishing the JointPlanning and Customer Service office.

June 2000 – Boeing Delta Launch ServicesInc. and Lockheed Martin Commercial LaunchServices were selected for the NASA LaunchService contract.

September 2000 – Ribbon cutting for the firstCheckout and Launch Control System at theHypergolic Maintenance Facility.

10



Astronaut John H. Glenn, Jr.climbs into spacecraftFriendship 7 prior to launch.


This oil painting by RobertA. M. Stephens shows thefirst launch of the SpaceShuttle Discovery, mission41-D, on August 30, 1984 at8:41 a.m. from KennedySpace Center.


10/9/00 – Launch of the High-EnergyTransient Explorer 2 (HETE-2) on a Pegasusvehicle from Kwajalein Missile Range in thesouth Pacific, marking the first time NASA’sExpendable Launch Vehicle Services atKennedy Space Center remotely managed alaunch.

10/11/00 – Launch of STS-92/Discoverycarrying the Integrated Truss Structure Z-1,part of the backbone of the Space Station, andthe third Pressurized Mating Adapter,providing a Shuttle docking port. This launchmarked the 100th Shuttle Launch.

10/24/00 – Annual KSC and 45th Space WingBusiness Opportunities Expo at PortCanaveral.

11/2/00 – Commissioning of the new high-pressure helium pipeline to service launchneeds at the new Delta IV launch complex,Complex 37, at the Cape Canaveral Air ForceStation (CCAFS).

11/14-15/00 – NASA-KSC, the 45th SpaceWing and Florida Space Authority host the 6thAnnual Cape Canaveral SpaceportSymposium in Port Canaveral.

11/21/00 – Launch of the Earth Observing(EO1) Satellite, part of the New MillenniumProgram, on a Delta rocket from VandenbergAir Force Base.

11/30/00 – Launch of STS-97/Endeavour todeliver the first set of four U.S.-developedsolar arrays to the International Space Station.

13

Significant EventsDuring Fiscal Year 2001

1/4/01 – Mars Odyssey spacecraft arrives atKSC from Denver, Co.

2/1/01 – Donatello Multi-Purpose LogisticsModule arrives at KSC from the factory ofAlenia Aerospazio in Turin, Italy.

2/7/01 – Launch of STS-98/Atlantis to attachthe U.S.-built 15-ton Destiny lab to theInternational Space Station.

2/8/01 – Groundbreaking for SpaceExperiment Research and ProcessingLaboratory (SERPL) and connecting roadway.

2/8/01 – Florida Space Research Institute(FSRI) and NASA-KSC sign a contract tocollaborate on FSRI’s Advanced LearningEnvironment (ALE) initiative.

3/1/01 – First meeting of the Advanced RangeTechnology Working Group (ARTWG) atKennedy Space Center.

3/5/01 – Kennedy team is honored withNASA’s Commercial Invention of the YearAward for developing a process to converthazardous waste to a useful fertilizer.

3/8/01 – Launch of STS-102/Discovery todeliver the Leonardo Multi-Purpose LogisticsModule to the International Space Station andcomplete NASA’s first crew shift change inorbit.


4/2/01 – KSC takes part in a celebration ofSpace Day in Tallahassee. NASA astronautsanswer questions, state legislators speak tothe crew aboard the ISS, and a Space ArtContest winner received a savings bond.

4/7/01 – Launch of Mars Odyssey spacecraftfrom CCAFS aboard a Delta II rocket on ajourney to map the Martian surface.

4/19/01 – Launch of STS-100/Endeavour todeliver the first of three Canadian-built roboticcomponents, known as the Space StationRobotic Manipulator System (SSRMS), to theInternational Space Station, along with theRaffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module.

4/20/01 – Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP)arrives at Kennedy Space Center fromGoddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt,Md.

4/24/01 – KSC senior executives meet withcommunity leaders at the KSC VisitorComplex for the annual Community LeadersBriefing.

5/15/01 – Dedication of the new LaunchVehicle Data Center at Hangar AE, beginninga new era in the monitoring of expendablevehicle data.

5/15/01 – First meeting of the AdvancedSpaceport Technology Working Group(ASTWG) at Kennedy Space Center.

Significant EventsDuring Fiscal Year 2001

5/31/01 – Genesis Spacecraft arrives at KSCfrom Denver, Colo.

6/30/01 – Launch of a Delta II rocket carryingthe Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) on amission to reveal the size, matter content, age,geometry and fate of the universe.

7/12/01 – Launch of STS-104/Atlantis to carrythe Joint Airlock to the International SpaceStation, thereby allowing resident Stationcrews to carry out spacewalks without thepresence of a Space Shuttle.

7/23/01 – Launch of the GeostationaryOperational Environmental Satellite (GOES-M)aboard an Atlas II rocket, with a Solar X-rayImager which can be used in forecastingspace weather and the effects of solar storms.

7/30/01 – Second Florida Space Summit isattended by elected officials, agency directorsand industry leaders at the University ofCentral Florida (UCF) Orlando Campus.

8/8/01 – Launch of a Delta II rocket, sendingthe Genesis spacecraft on a journey to collectseveral micrograms of solar wind and returnthem to Earth for research.

8/10/01 – Launch of STS-105/Discovery todeliver The Early Ammonia Servicer (EAS)tank and conduct the second crew exchangeon the International Space Station.

9/29/01 – Launch of an Athena I launchvehicle, carrying the Kodiak Star spacecraft,on the first NASA launch from the new KodiakLaunch Complex in Alaska.


Technicians guide The GammaRay Spectrometer (GRS); intoplace to be installed on the MarsOdyssey Orbiter.


The second stage of the GOES-MAtlas II rocket is lifted up thegantry for mating with the firststage at Launch Complex 36-A,Cape Canaveral Air ForceStation, in preparation for launchin July 2001.


Kennedy Space Center leads NASA’sacquisition and management of expendablelaunch vehicle (ELV) launch services. In linewith its vision statement, “Global Leadership inLaunch Service Excellence,” KSC’s role is toprovide, at an affordable price, launch serviceexcellence, expertise and leadership to ensuremission success for every customer. For morethan ten years, NASA has purchased ELVlaunch services directly from commercialproviders, whenever possible, for its scientificand applications missions.

NASA’s ELV Program launches satellitesusing Delta, Atlas, Taurus, Pegasus and Titanexpendable launch vehicles. This year the ELVProgram also launched a group of satellites onan Athena vehicle. Seven ELV missions werelaunched successfully, placing 13 spacecraftinto orbit during fiscal year 2001.

In October 2000, NASA’s High-EnergyTransient Explorer 2 (HETE-2) was launchedon a Pegasus XL vehicle from KwajaleinMissile Range in the South Pacific. Thislaunch marked the first time that NASA’s ELVProgram managed a rocket launch remotelywith the primary launch team executing theirfunctions from NASA Hangar AE on CCAFS. Italso demonstrated one of the KSC guidingprinciples, which is “to support our customersanytime, anywhere.”

In November 2000, the first Delta dualpayload mission was launched from VAFB.This mission combined NASA’s EarthObserver 1 (EO1) satellite with Argentina’sSatelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C (SAC-C), using a newly designed and built dualpayload attach fitting. EO1 is part of the NewMillennium Program. Its purpose is to validaterevolutionary communications, power,

Expendable Launch Vehicle(ELV) Program

propulsion, thermal and data storagetechnologies that will reduce costs andincrease capabilities for future land imagingmissions.

NASA’s 2001 Mars Odyssey probe waslaunched aboard a Delta in April 2001. TheOdyssey probe will help NASA understand thepotential for life elsewhere in the universe,understand the relationship to Earth’s climatechange processes, and understand how Marsevolved and the resources it provides forfuture exploration.

KSC also launched three satellites fromCCAFS during the summer quarter. TheMicrowave Anisotropy Probe (MAP), part ofGoddard Space Flight Center’s ExplorersProgram, was launched aboard a Delta inJune 2001. MAP’s mission is to probeconditions in the early universe by measuringthe properties of the cosmic microwavebackground radiation over the entire sky. InJuly, the GOES-M weather satellite launchedaboard an Atlas IIAS. GOES-M will providemeteorological information on worldwideweather phenomena in order to facilitateimproved forecasting and prediction for theNational Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration (NOAA). The GOES-Mspacecraft has search and rescue signalreplay capability.

17


KSC’s ELV Program sent the JetPropulsion Laboratory (JPL) Genesisspacecraft sunward aboard a Delta in August2001. Genesis’ purpose is to collect pieces ofthe sun, called solar wind, which will helpNASA determine what the sun is made of andcompare it to samples of the Earth and otherplanets.

The Kodiak Star mission was launchedaboard an Athena I launch vehicle inSeptember from the new Kodiak LaunchComplex in Alaska. The mission marked thefirst orbital launch of any kind from this newlaunch complex. The ELV Program wasinstrumental in bringing this new launchcomplex online. The Athena carried the NASA-sponsored Starshine 3 and three Departmentof Defense satellites into low-Earth orbit.Starshine 3 is a student-built satelliteconsisting of 1,500 hand-polished mirrors, 31retro-reflectors and seven clusters of solarcells powering an amateur radio transmitter.The spherical satellite will help scientists studyorbital decay. The ELV Program not only

provided the launch service, but also acted asthe NASA Mission Manager for the spacecraft.

Helping to usher NASA’s ELV Programinto the 21st century, KSC opened the newLaunch Vehicle Data Center (LVDC) insideNASA’s historic Hangar AE on CapeCanaveral Air Force Station. The LVDC wasofficially dedicated in May 2001. The newfacility’s three individual control rooms replacea single LVDC control room that had been inuse since the mid-1970’s.

The new LVDC, six years in the making,was developed to support multiple testoperations occurring at the same time inparallel or a single large launch operation. Upto 100 launch vehicle engineers can monitorthe voice, data and video systems that supportthe checkout and launch of an expendablelaunch vehicle and the integrated spacecraft.The LVDC can also be linked with NASA’scontrol rooms at Vandenberg Air Force Base(VAFB), Calif., which is used for launchingpolar-orbiting spacecraft. The first use of theLVDC was during the launch of the MarsOdyssey in April 2001.

Expendable Launch Vehicle(ELV) Program

18


Inside NASA’s new LaunchVehicle Data Center, engineerstrack the launch of the MAPspacecraft aboard the Delta IIrocket.


Workers keep watch as anoverhead crane lowers thehigh pressure gas assemblyinto the payload canister forMission STS-104.


The Payload Carriers Programsuccessfully completed another year ofsupport to Space Shuttle payload developersand users by providing improved carrierhardware to meet International Space Stationand science mission requirements. Theprogram validated newly developed analyticaltechniques to improve payload processing andinitiated innovative partnerships withexperiment developers for future missions.

This year, the Payload Carriers Programembarked on the task of modifying threeexisting Multi-Purpose Experiment SupportStructures (MPESS) to more lightweightcarriers. This modification provided improvedcargo carrying capabilities in the payload bayof the Orbiter vehicles. In addition, themodification allowed for later manifesting ofInternational Space Station (ISS) Launch OnNeed logistics items. It also providedsecondary science payload capabilities in theadditional space gained from the modification.

The Program initiated the use of IntelligentSynthesis Environment technology, ananalytical tool that provides three dimensionalmodeling and real-time simulation capabilities,to answer payload processing issues for theISS Launch On Need requirements. Theprogram can simulate many operations infacilities before the hardware arrives.

In the area of partnerships, the PayloadCarriers Program initiated joint activities withseveral experiment developers at the JetPropulsion Laboratory (JPL) and GoddardSpace Flight Center (GSFC). Thesepartnerships provided carrier hardware andmission planning support for future flights tothe Station. Proposals are being developedthat define the specific experiments andnecessary support.

Payload Carriers Program

The Payload Carriers Program supportedthree Space Shuttle missions to theInternational Space Station by providingcarrier hardware to support majorcomponents. On four other Space Shuttlemissions, the Program safely and successfullyprocessed other payloads including theHitchhiker Experiment Advancing Technology(HEAT) payload consisting of threeexperiments including an ejectable satellite;three Get-Away-Special (GAS) payloads; andtwo Space Experiment Module (SEM)payloads.

In a cooperative effort with PayloadCarrier project offices at Kennedy SpaceCenter, Marshall Space Flight Center, andGSFC, analysis and hardware integrationactivities supported preparations for flight oftwo Hitchhiker and one Lightweight MPESSCarrier missions. These missions will supporta total of 12 experiments and six GASpayloads on two Space Shuttle flights in early2002. The Program is providing theopportunity to replace up to two GAS payloadswith ISS Launch On Need logistics items asneeded.

The Payload Processing organizationcompleted outfitting and certification of newpayload canister transporters received at theend of fiscal year 2000. An old transporter isnow used by the Space Shuttle Program foruse in moving the Solid Rocket Boostersegments to and from Center facilities.

21


A KSC midbody technicianworks to prepare Columbia’spayload bay for an upcomingmission. This photo wastaken from the Orbiter’sinternal airlock, looking aftinto the payload bay.


Fiscal year 2001 was an ambitious andvery successful year for the Space ShuttleProgram at KSC. A year of spectacular SpaceShuttle launches carried astronauts andthousands of pounds of hardware, equipmentand science experiments to the Station.

KSC’s Space Shuttle Program safely andsuccessfully launched seven Shuttle missions,using three of NASA’s four Space Shuttles tocarry 37 astronauts and two Expedition crewsto the Station. The crews traveled a total of34.8 millions miles in space.

Significant events included the launch ofMission STS-92, the 100th Space ShuttleMission; the first crew rotation; and delivery ofseveral vital segments to the Station thatcompleted Phase 2 of Station assembly.

New and effective programs wereimplemented to KSC’s Shuttle processing thatresulted in efficient and cost-effective results.These include a new facility control andmonitoring system for Ground Systems, theKennedy Complex Control System, that wasdeveloped to replace the former launchprocessing system. It has reduced systemmaintenance cost while increasing systeminterface capabilities. Also, two operationaltelevision cameras were installed on thegaseous oxygen Vent Arm Hood at LaunchPads 39A and B that have improved visibilityof External Tank Louvers during cryogenicpropellant loading.

KSC Shuttle Processing is partnering onthe Industrial Engineering for Safety Initiative.The goal is to reduce risk to personnel andhardware and improve maintenance andoverall efficiency in Space Shuttle processing.

Space Shuttle Program

A new Laser Tracker procedure wasdeveloped for the Mobile Launch Platform holddown posts and was used on two alignments.The new technology and its procedurereduced processing time by 12 hours. Also,the Optics Lab new re-certification processincreased usable life of the hold-down postbearings from two flights to at least eightflights.

During processing of STS-100, workersremoved a Fuel Cell from orbiter vehicleEndeavour and replaced it using lifting groundsupport equipment that was modified toaccommodate a fuel cell lift with the externalairlock installed. In the past, three days wererequired to install the airlock strongback (orreinforcement rods), remove airlock struts andinstall a complex rail system. The modifiedground support equipment allowed removal ofthe fuel cell without using three days forairlock preparations.

Integrated Logistics instituted a program toassess the condition of special test equipmentused to support fabrication or repair of SpaceShuttle orbiter hardware. The results helped todetermine those test items that neededrefurbishment and those that needed to bereplaced. Critical test equipment parts will bemachined and processed through NASA’sShuttle Logistics Depot since some of theoriginal equipment manufacturers are nolonger available.


The Shuttle processing team continued towork to ensure safe prelaunch and post-landing Shuttle hardware and systemsprocessing in order to ensure the safety of thecrew and the success of the program.Knowledge and hard work of the processingteam helped to solve several problems whilethe Shuttle fleet was on the ground.

One instance occurred during post-landingprocessing of orbiter Atlantis after missionSTS-104. Upon return from the landing facilityin California, water intrusion was detected inthe vehicle and tiles. Infrared scanning wasused on 1,008 tiles to pinpoint the wet tiles.Arrays of high-intensity lights were used tobake large areas of the Shuttle’s tile surfaces

and a conductivity tool was used to probeindividual tiles and inspect for remainingmoisture. Even with the significant amount ofwork, the Atlantis launch schedule wasmaintained.

Another accomplishment was theextensive upgrade of the Orbiter engineService Platform/Engine Changeout PlatformWinch System and associated electricalsystems on all three mobile launch platformswithin tight launch manifest schedules.

Space Shuttle Program


Near the bottom of the solidrocket booster, a technician inthe Vehicle Assembly Buildingdetaches the system tunnelcovering 36 cables inside.


Space Shuttle Discovery ismated to its external tank andsolid rocket boosters inside theVehicle Assembly Building forMission STS-105.


Shuttle Program Upgrades continued towork towards implementation of projects atKennedy Space Center. In partnership withUSA, a “Mixed Fleet Operations Study” wasperformed to identify the impact ofincorporating the Shuttle Program Upgradesinto the launch and landing process.

As orbiter vehicles are upgraded in turn, amixed fleet period exists. The study provides acrucial link between KSC facilities, groundsupport equipment, vehicle configurations andthe Checkout and Launch Control System toensure that KSC can support all Space Shuttleprocessing and launches. The study alsorecommended options to minimize the mixedfleet period in order to keep the processingand launch of vehicles on track.

A computer database was developed thatprovides an interactive capability to identifyand track the impacts of orbiter modificationsand upgrades to KSC Ground Operations. Thepurpose of this database is to identify theprocess and support areas affected in order toensure synchronization to support theimplementation plan for Orbiter modifications.Since the initiation of the Space ShuttleProgram upgrades project, the database wasexpanded to include additional impact areasfrom an Upgrades Impact Checklist thatincludes future upgrades and modifications.

The database allows the ConcurrentEngineering process to be accessed fromKSC and other Centers to obtain KSC GroundOperations assessments for modifications andupgrades.

Space Shuttle Upgrades

The Checkout and Launch Control SystemProject designed and implementedreplacement facilities (inset, lower left) andsoftware for the launch control rooms anddesigned, tested and brought on-line otherorbiter-processing facilities’ system software.

Major accomplishments for the yearincluded the completion of the second phaseof installation of system equipment inOperations Control Room 1 andimplementation of the Titan system softwaredelivery and testing for the Orbiter ProcessingFacilities. The delivery of this new softwarerepresents a significant contribution for thedevelopment and validation testing of theinitial software needed to upgrade thesefacilities.

The project also completed testing ofequipment being developed for the CargoIntegrated Test Equipment in the SpaceStation Processing Facility. This hardware willbe used to test payload interfaces prior to theirinstallation in the Space Shuttle.


Also, new Aft Propulsion Systemapplication software was developed andtested to support the checkout of SpaceShuttle orbital maneuvering systems andforward reaction control system components inthe Hypergolic Maintenance Facility. Thissoftware will be used to perform operationaltesting at the facility using the Checkout andLaunch Control System programs previouslyinstalled.

During the year, Orbiter Columbiaunderwent more than 100 improvements for itsOrbiter Maintenance and Modification Periodat Palmdale, Calif. One of the manyimprovements was the installation of theMultifunctional Electronic Display Subsystem,also known as the “glass cockpit.”

Modifications performed at KSC includedsome electrical re-wiring to Orbiter vehicles

Atlantis and Endeavour to increase safety.Several quick disconnects to the auxiliarypower units of Orbiter vehicles Columbia,Atlantis and Endeavour were changed out toallow for commonality throughout Hypergolsystems, improve maintenance and gainbetter performance. Also, a delta pressuremeasurement device was added to theExternal Tank/Orbiter interface umbilical plateto allow for better visibility during the umbilicalpurge setup for launch and to monitor theumbilical purge pressure data real time duringcryogenic loading.

Space Shuttle Upgrades


Like a sun on a fast rise,Space Shuttle Atlantis arcsinto the still-black sky overthe Atlantic Ocean,beginning mission STS-104.


Inside the SSPF, several modules areprepared for launch. In the foregroundis the U.S. Laboratory, called Destiny;in the background, from left to right,are Multi-Purpose Logistics ModulesDonatello, Raffaello and Leonardo.


Kennedy Space Center continued tosupport assembly of the International SpaceStation during fiscal year 2001.

Of the approximately 140 tons of SpaceStation elements and cargo that weretransported to the Station, more than 66 tonswere processed in KSC’s Space StationProcessing Facility.

Fifteen major elements, including payloadhardware, were received, checked out, andreadied for delivery to the International SpaceStation by the processing team.

Assembly elements processed at KSCincluded the Z1 Truss, the U.S.-made JointAirlock (Quest), the U.S. Destiny Laboratory,three missions of the Multi-Purpose LogisticsModules, the Space Station RemoteManipulator System (SSRMS) also called theCanadarm 2, the Early Ammonia Servicer,several high pressure gas tanks, andlaboratory racks.

International Space Station

Phase II of Space Station assembly wascompleted with the delivery and installation ofthe Joint Airlock during mission STS-104 inJuly 2001. The Joint Airlock allows U.S. andRussian astronauts to perform spacewalksand work in space without the presence of theSpace Shuttle.

Because of the team effort and timelyprocessing of these crucial components, KSCcontributed to the success of seven SpaceStation assembly missions and two successfulcrew rotations.

KSC continued the second phase of MultiElement Integrated Testing (MEIT II) on theU.S. Truss Elements and the Canadian MobileBase System (MBS). MEIT is performed toassure the operability of the Station hardwareonce on orbit. MEIT verifies electrical,structural and fluid connections betweeninterfacing Station flight elements. Theseseries of tests, in place since 1999, havehelped the Station Program find and correcthundreds of hardware and software problemsduring ground processing and significantlyreduced potential for rework on orbit. Thesuccessful operational performance of thecurrent Phase II Station elements including thefirst ISS science payloads Express Rack andHuman Research Facility rack can beattributed, in part, to MEIT testing performedat KSC.

32


Astronaut Robert Curbeam crawlsthrough the hatch of the Multi-PurposeLosgistics Module (MPLM) Raffaello inKSC’s Space Station ProcessingFacility.


A research chemist performs ananalysis for Tuber Induction Factorin the Life Sciences area at KSC.


Kennedy Space Center’s Mission Areaassignment in spaceport and rangetechnology development led to formulation ofworking groups, program plans, and riskmanagement plans as well as providedexpertise to spaceport developers around thenation.

Formal kickoff meetings were held at KSCfor the Advanced Range Technology WorkingGroup (ARTWG) and Advanced SpaceportTechnology Working Group (ASTWG) tointegrate and coordinate national technologydevelopment activities. These two workinggroups, led by KSC, are forums for a focusedeffort by NASA, the Air Force, Federal AviationAdministration, Department of Commerce,state spaceports, industry and academia.These two working groups will provide theforum to coordinate the research anddevelopment of spaceport and rangetechnologies, leveraging resources andsoliciting input and advice from allstakeholders. KSC continues to work closelywith NASA Headquarters to establish a uniquefunding line to support these spaceport andrange development activities.

In support of its Spaceport TechnologyCenter vision, KSC established a center-wideteam for integrated Spaceport TechnologyPlanning and Roadmapping. Based on theteam’s findings, KSC aligned the SmallBusiness Innovation Research Program(SBIR), the Small Business TechnologyTransfer Program (STTR), Center Director’sDiscretionary Fund (CDDF) and universityfunded grants with the Spaceport Technologythrust areas.

The KSC Process and Human FactorsEngineering Working Group was alsochartered and implemented. The group hasrepresentatives from other NASA centers,NASA Headquarters, industry and academia.

Spaceport and RangeTechnologies

KSC Operations Assessment Models arenow integrated into the NASA-wide Design/Engineering Environment. The KSCAssessment Models were used to providespaceport inputs to influence second-generation program operating cost andturnaround time.

The Spaceport Engineering andTechnology Directorate helped avoid apossible orbiter vehicle rollback and launchdelay when a critical hydraulic componentfailed during processing of orbiter Atlantis. Anew concept was developed to freeze fluidinto “freeze plugs” in the hydraulic lines andwas tested at the Cryogenics Testbed Facility.The new cryogenic system was successfullyused on orbiter Atlantis throughout the 30-hourchange out procedure. This allowedreplacement of the failed component withoutrolling the vehicle back from the pad, therebypreventing a launch slip of three weeks ormore.

The Life Sciences research activities overthe past year included crop growth under lightemitting diodes (LEDs) to assess optimalspectral combinations for growth and yield.Testing included lettuce, spinach, and radishas potential crops for future life supportsystems and near-term use on theInternational Space Station. These studieswere carried out by Dynamac Corp. andfunded by a grant from the Office of Biologicaland Physical Research (Code U) throughAdvanced Life Support Project throughJohnson Space Center.


Additional Life Science activities includedpreparations for the PhotosynthesisExperiment and System Testing and Operation(PESTO) experiment, which will studyphotosynthetic rates of wheat plants in space.The experiment will be the first plantexperiment flown on the ISS by NASA’sFundamental Biology Program, and isscheduled for the STS-110 mission in April of2002. Preparations also continued for arelated study, Water Offset Nutrient DeliveryExperiment (WONDER), which will comparedifferent watering techniques for micro-gravityconditions of space flight. The experiment istentatively schedule for 2004, and both studiesare supported by grants from NASA’s Office ofBiological and Physical Research (Code U).

A vastly improved version of the TechnicalDocument Management System (TechDoc)was released at KSC and Stennis SpaceCenter to maintain center-widedocumentation. Over 151,000 technical andadministrative technical documents reside inthe system. TechDoc is a totally web-based,platform independent system, providing manysecurity enhancements and other advancedfeatures. Due to TechDoc, it is now possible toeasily make documents available to the world,including all NASA Centers, contractors, andNASA partners not located at Centers.

A Competency Management System(CMS) was developed to identify and analyzethe corporate knowledge of the organizationalworkforce. In order to provide insight andmanage competencies, a web-basedapplication was developed. CMS is used foremployees to manage their competencies andexperience, for supervisors to define skills

Spaceport and RangeTechnologies

needed to perform tasks, and for managementand human resource offices to analyzeworkforce capabilities versus missionrequirements.

KSC is leading the way in forming a trueSpaceport Technology Center for NASA andthe international aerospace community. Asthese projects and working groups gathermomentum, KSC plays a vital role in thedevelopment of future launch vehicles, as wellas spaceport and range technology.

Technology SpinoffsEach year technical contributions from

KSC, in the form of spinoffs, have providedmany technologies, originally designed for thespace program, to the American people.

For the second year in a row KSCreceived more Space Act Award dollars thanany of the other NASA Centers. Space ActAwards for KSC NASA Civil Service andcontractor innovators in fiscal year 2001totaled $187,300.

KSC and contractor employees submitted123 new invention disclosures. Thisrepresented 10 percent of all the InventionDisclosures submitted by the ten NASAcenters and NASA Headquarters. KSCinitiated five new license agreements and twohave been finalized representing 7 percent ofall new NASA licenses. KSC received $56,000in royalties for the fiscal year, representing 6percent of all NASA royalties for the period.

Seventeen new technologies werereleased by KSC to the public through theInternet. As a result, the total of all availabletechnologies grew to 112 active and403 technologies archived. KSC developedtechnologies were highlighted in 41 articlesnotifying commercial industry of availabletechnologies. Thirty of these appeared inNASA’s Tech Briefs magazine and eleven


Spaceport and RangeTechnologieswere published in NASA AerospaceTechnology Innovation magazine. Thesearticles resulted in over 400 requests forfurther information.

• Thermal Insulation System and MethodThe Cryogenics Test Laboratory designed acryogenic insulation system and a methodfor manufacturing and packaging theinsulation. The spacing scheme betweenthe insulation layers allows it to providehigher insulation properties at soft vacuumconditions than current cryogenicinsulation. The new insulation can bemanufactured in blanket, sheet, or sleeveform, depending on the application.

• Active Particle Fallout MonitorThe Active Particle Fallout Monitormeasures the size and number of particles,as small as 5 micrometers in diameter, thatare collected on a witness surface. Thisprovides multiple cleanlinessmeasurements that conform to militarystandards. The technology has beenpatented, licensed and commercialized.Targeted markets include aerospace,semiconductors, medicine, and electronicsfabrication.

• Improved Lightning Strike LocatorThe Improved Single-Station AccurateLocation of Lightning Strikes technologywas developed at KSC to determine theground strike point of lightning in theimmediate vicinity of the Space Shuttlelaunch pads. This technology allows fordetermining the location (within a meter) ofa strike within the perimeter of theobservation area. The prototype systemconsists of a network of one electric fieldsensor and four sonic sensors separatedfrom each other by about 1 or 2 meters,

and one sensor located above the centerwithin the perimeter of the observationarea.

• Photographic Images Scaling DeviceThis is a tool that can be attached directlyto charge-coupled device or film camerasand through use of four laser beams,projects a known pattern into the field ofview. When a photograph is taken, theimage of this pattern appears, along withthe image of the object under investigation,allowing the viewer quantifiable informationas to the size of the object. The device issmall, powered with a 3-volt battery, andcan be easily turned off and on, allowingthe photographer to provide scalinginformation within a picture as needed.

• Signaling Enhancing SubsystemThe Signaling Enhancing WirelessCommunications Headset Subsystemtechnology was developed to provideNASA with wireless push-to-talk signalingfor use in its launch operations. Thisuniversal interface adapter is a wirelesssubsystem that provides push-to-talksignals to a communications system as ifthe user were directly wired to the system.The technology permits multiple wirelessusers to operate independently in the sameenvironment without interference. Thetechnology can be used with any off-the-shelf wireless headset and communicationssystem without modification, or it can bedirectly integrated into headsets to performvarious functions.


The Smart Umbilical System, developedwith an automated mate, demate andremate capability, will serve as a testbedfor quick disconnect development as wellas advance control and leak detectiontechnologies.


With the continued momentum andsuccesses of the Space Launch Initiative(SLI), Kennedy Space Center holds a criticalposition in this program as a supplier to andmanager for the Marshall Space Flight Center-managed development program. SLI is theprogram to develop technologies necessary tobuild a second-generation Reusable LaunchVehicle (RLV). There are 11 Technology Areasin SLI. KSC is involved in most as developeror consultant. Additionally, KSC managesTechnology Area 4, Ground Operations, forMSFC.

The Space Shuttle is America’s firstgeneration RLV, and NASA has established agoal that the next generation RLV should beten times cheaper to operate, and 100 timessafer. KSC is providing the project leadershipfor ground operations technology developmentwork, as well as providing team members forthe flight vehicle development teams.

The KSC team has established keypartnerships and contracts with all the majoraerospace companies that are developing newarchitectures and technologies for the second-generation RLV. Through these partnershipsand contracts, KSC is working in the areas ofdensified, or super-cooled cryogenic fuels,advanced checkout and control systems,integrated vehicle health managementsystems development, as well as sharing ourworld-class knowledge of vehicle and payloadprocessing.

Future Vehicles

In-house KSC tasks, worked primarily byKSC civil servants, progress well in the area offuture umbilical development, as well asspace-based range safety systems.Automated launch vehicle umbilicals forlaunch pad cryogenic propellant loading arebeing developed to enhance groundoperations turnaround times, reduce cost andincrease reliability.

Also, in support of the new Delta IVexpendable launch vehicle, new and uniquedesign features have been incorporated into acost-effective environmental control systemground-disconnect umbilical that provides areliable connection and release mechanismthat can be adapted for different payload sizesand mission profiles during heavy-lift launchvehicle launches. This work was done under areimbursable Space Act agreement betweenNASA KSC and the Boeing Company.


During Super Safety and HealthDay, workers from Florida Powerand Light demonstrate how tosafely handle power lines.


Kennedy Space Center spent fiscal year2001 operating under a new organization,accomplishing many milestones andembarking on several initiatives to supportsafety and health first—the Center’s toppriority.

For the first time during recent history,KSC completed the fiscal year (2001) with arecord low of three lost time injuries. Thisresulted in an injury rate for the year of 0.19,which is below the agency expectation of 0.20.

KSC continued to integrate safety andhealth planning into all phases of operations.Safety and health remain the Center’s corevalue, and personnel at all levels areevaluated on their performance regardingsafety and health.

The OSHA Voluntary Protection Program(VPP) criteria are used as the benchmark forsafety and health program improvement atKSC. The Center plans to apply for the VPPStar Program in December 2002. In support ofthat goal, KSC embarked on a major safetyand health program upgrade initiative thatparallels the OSHA VPP elements. Significantimprovements are underway in the areas ofline management accountability for safety andhealth, training programs, job hazard analysisand employee involvement.

KSC actively pursued health and wellnessfor the KSC population by chartering theHealth Education and Wellness (HEW)Council. HEW coordinates center-wide healtheducation and activities to help KSC meet theU.S. Department of Health and HumanServices Healthy People 2010 objectives. As aresult of the Center’s efforts, more than 17,000

Safety and Health

members of KSC’s workforce interacted withHEW. In the KSC Cardiovascular DiseaseRisk Factor Reduction Program, more than 75percent of individuals identified as high riskparticipated in counseling sessions, exceedingKSC’s goal of 60 percent.

New processes for employee involvementand hazard reporting were implemented at theCenter. One of these new developmentsincludes the creation of a Safety Ombudsmanposition. The Safety Ombudsman serves as a“safety valve or reporting conduit” in the eventthat an employee, for any reason, isuncomfortable with the traditional chain ofcommand for safety reporting processes.

As the Principal Center for OccupationalHealth, KSC was instrumental in thecontinuance and modifications to a NASAFederal Acquisition Supplement, whichprovides emergency medical evacuation forNASA personnel on travel to medicallyunderserved areas. This process ensures agreater degree of health protection for thosewho serve NASA in remote areas of the world.The mechanism allows those who could notget treated for potentially life threatening injuryor illness in a remote area to be medicallyevacuated in the most expeditious manner byaircraft to a location where more definitivemedical treatment is available.


The first Agency-wide gathering of NASAhealth physicists and RadiationProtection Officers took place under NASA’sPrincipal Center Occupational Healthsponsorship. The network of professionalsexchanged ideas on concerns that face theKSC team such as radiation health and safetyissues as well as information on commonissues such as problem resolution.

The interactive web-based training module“Managing Harmful Stress at NASA” wasdeployed and provided to the entire NASAworkforce. The training module deliverscredible health care information allowingemployees to quantify and successfully copewith the demanding inherent stressors ofworking for a high visibility, cutting edgetechnology employer such as NASA. Within afew days of launching the module, more than7,000 NASA and NASA contractor employeeshad accessed the site. An EmployeeAssistance Module for Supervisors interactiveweb-based training module was also madeavailable.

KSC supported several health relatedoutreach initiatives including participation inthe NASA Educational Web Chat (on the topicof space medicine) and a presentation on “TheMedical Physiology of Space Flight” to theFlorida Association of Science Teachers.

The Center also developed a heat stressawareness website for use by the KSCcommunity during Florida’s long summer. Theweb site helps organizations implementprocedures to ensure employees work withoutrisk of heat-related illnesses.

National Employee Health and FitnessDay (NEHFD) was sponsored by the KSCFitness Centers, and supported by severalother KSC groups. Approximately 800attended over two days and over 1,500informational pieces were delivered.

KSC supported a Federal AviationAdministration (FAA) workshop on thedevelopment of guidelines for medicalstandards for commercial space flightpassengers.

A Department of Labor workshop for allKSC supervisors concerning the FederalEmployee Compensation Act (FECA), whichdescribes how federal employees qualify forworkers’ compensation benefits, wassponsored by KSC. The Center organized thetraining session in hopes of better controllingKSC’s workers’ compensation costs.

A plan for bioterroism threats wasdeveloped by KSC. The policy and proceduresimplemented at KSC include prevention,identification (Ruggedized AdvancedPathogen Identification Device—RAPIDSystem), response and treatment.

Safety and Health


KSC employees participate ina variety of fun andeducational activities anddisplays during NationalEmployee Health and FitnessDay.


After removing a youngmanatee from the van thatbrought it from Sea World,Orlando, Fla., workers getready to release it into theBanana River.


Implementing procedures that promote asafe and healthy workplace while using energyresources efficiently was commonplace atKennedy Space Center during fiscal year2001.

The Light Management Plan (LMP) forLaunch Complexes 39A and 39B saved KSCenergy and money. Lighting at both padsresulted in sea turtle disorientation. Afteranalyzing existing light configurations (morethan 1,500 lights and 435,000 watts), KSCstaff designed a plan to use less than 50percent of these lights when a Shuttle is noton the pad. The plan also involves using onlynecessary lights for tasks, so the entire launchstructure isn’t illuminated. Energy usage wasreduced by 123,250 watts with an annual costsavings of $32,390 and reduced turtledisorientation.

Seventeen experts from NASAHeadquarters, Glenn Research Center, and acontractor conducted a two-weekcomprehensive Environmental FunctionalReview (EFR) of KSC environmentalmanagement. They assessed compliance withFederal, state, local policies and NASAregulations, and also evaluated the quality ofKSC’s environmental program management.The team found no circumstances posingdirect or imminent threat to the environment,or the Agency mission.

In addition, the team noted 12 instanceswhere KSC went beyond requirements toenhance environmental protection. Findings

Environmental Stewardship

included KSC’s Web site as an excellentpublic information resource, staff working todevelop good relationships with state andFederal regulators, and use of the GeographicInformation System (GIS) for effectivemanagement of the program. The team’s finalreport explained KSC serves as a model forthe rest of the Agency.

KSC funded two pollution preventionprojects in conjunction with the NASA PrincipleCenter for Pollution Prevention. KSC’srecycling program encompassed materialsranging from scrap metal, copper, andaluminum to paper and toner cartridges. TheCenter’s recycling efforts bring in an averageof $120,000 annually.

The Center collaborated with the 45thSpace Wing to host an event to raiseawareness of environmental and energyissues, and to promote ways to conserveresources and reduce costs. Seventy-fivevendors attended with displays ranging fromrecycled furniture to energy products. Also,organizations made presentations onenvironmental issues. KSC employee turnoutfor the event increased 65 percent from FY2000.

45


Technicians insert a pininto a vat of liquidnitrogen at the CryogenicsTestbed.


Partnerships allow Kennedy Space Centerto consistently offer innovative technologiesthat enhance research and development.

Cape Canaveral Spaceport MasterPlan

To explore the possibilities for thesuccessful future development of theSpaceport and to maintain and further itspremier global status, NASA, the Air Forceand the state of Florida continued work on aCape Canaveral Spaceport Master Plan.

The master planning process evaluatesexisting conditions, forecasts future growthand focuses on developing opportunities torespond to and lead changing marketconditions over a 50-year planning period andbeyond. Ultimately, the Master Plan will bringits vision of the future into focus today,enabling the Cape Canaveral Spaceport andother community stakeholders to takenecessary steps to meet its goal as ashowcase for technology and innovation.

International Space Research ParkThe International Space Research ParkTM

(ISRP) is a new partnership between NASAand the State of Florida to build anenvironment for world-class research andtechnology development performed throughthe collaborative efforts of industry, academia,and government.

A 400-acre tract of land, located just southof the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex,has been designated for development as theresearch park. The site will eventually becomehome to new research, technologydevelopment, and associated facilities that willhelp KSC advance as a Spaceport TechnologyCenter, foster the commercial utilization of theInternational Space Station, and supportcustomers of the Cape Canaveral Spaceport.Space Commerce Way, the new arterial

Partnerships

highway that will open up the site byconnecting State Road 3 and the NASACauseway, is already under construction.

Considerable progress to plan andimplement the new research park wasachieved in 2001. KSC and Florida SpaceAuthority (FSA) formalized the partnership andhave collaborated on a concept developmenteffort that included advice from the widelyrespected Urban Land Institute (ULI).

The ULI Advisory Panel visited KSC inJuly and concluded that there is a greatopportunity in the park, and recommendedthat KSC proceed with a partnership with theState of Florida and the private sector.Business planning, including a marketassessment and analysis of alternativefinancial and management approaches, wasinitiated and is targeted for completion in May2002. Already, commercial and academicorganizations are expressing strong interest inbecoming future park residents.

Space Experiment Research andProcessing Laboratory

The research park partnership evolvedfrom another joint effort between KSC and thestate of Florida, the Space ExperimentResearch and Processing Laboratory(SERPL). SERPL will be the primary gatewayto the International Space Station for scienceexperiments and a world-class home toground-based investigations in fundamentaland applied biological science. It will alsoserve as a magnet facility for the plannedresearch park.


In February 2001, a very successfulgroundbreaking occurred at KSC for SERPLand the Space Commerce Way. Participantsincluded Florida’s Lt. Governor Frank Brogan,Congressman Dave Weldon and many othergovernment, academic, and industrial leaders.During the past year, facility design wascompleted and construction was initiated.Scheduled for completion in 2003, SERPL willfeature shared-use laboratories where Floridauniversity researchers will collaborate withNASA scientists and ISS principalinvestigators on a day-to-day basis.

More than two-dozen distinct laboratorieswill be clustered by scientific disciplines toenable a broad range of investigations both inspace, and on the ground. NASA’s lifesciences support personnel will carefullyhouse and prepare experiments for launchaboard the Space Shuttle to the Station.

SERPL also will host KSC’s contribution tothe NASA Advanced Life Support (ALS)Project as well as the newly plannedUniversity of Florida (UF) Center for SpaceAgriculture and Biotechnology Research andEducation (SABRE). This work, performed incollaboration with other NASA Centers, isexploring various aspects of a bioregenerativelife support system. Such research andtechnology development will be crucial to long-term habitation of space by humans.

Partnerships

Advanced Learning EnvironmentIn March, the NASA Education Programs

and University Research Division, UnitedSpace Alliance and Boeing established apartnership with the Florida Space ResearchInstitute (FSRI) to work with KSC subjectmatter experts to develop an AdvancedLearning Environment. Technology developedby Langley Research Center is being used asthe basis for the development of a simulatedinstructional environment for students. Thepartnership was formed to develop a prototypecryogenics module, which can be used toreduce the amount of time required to trainand certify a cryogenics engineer supportinglaunch activities. The project involves moniesfrom Work Force Florida, Inc. as well asNASA. The agreement also focuses ondeveloping additional partnerships withnational and international universities andaerospace industry representatives to take thelearning environment into the academiccommunity as well as utilize it in otherindustries.


Partnerships

Spaceport Planning and CustomerService

The Cape Canaveral Spaceport Planningand Customer Service Office (SPCSO), is astrong, customer oriented, new, cooperativepartnership of the Air Force, NASA, and theFSA, is tasked with supporting visions forfuture spaceport development. The new officeassures the needs of the government,commercial industry, the state and other localstakeholders are included in the futurespaceport. The office assigns each newlaunch or program customer a “SpaceportManager.” The Spaceport Manager acts as afacilitator and advocate for the customer fromthe time the customer arrives to completion ofthe launch or program. Spaceport Managershelp handle public safety issues, real estateagreements, and environmental concerns inaddition to walking customers through allunfamiliar requirements and associatedagencies and working to use feedback toimprove the entire Spaceport.

Advanced Technology DevelopmentCenter

The NASA-led Advanced TechnologyDevelopment Center (ATDC) project beingdeveloped at Complex 20 (SLC-20) is apartnership of NASA, Air Force (45th SpaceWing, Air Force Research Laboratory) andstate of Florida (Florida Air National Guard)agencies and academia. This center will allowfor full-scale demonstration, testing andqualification of Spaceport Technologies withinan infrastructure resembling a launchenvironment. Spaceport Technology projectsthat show promise in a laboratory environmentcan be deployed and qualified at the ATDCunder “real world” conditions.

Corrosion TestbedKSC’s Beach Corrosion Test Site has

been documented as having higheratmospheric corrosion rates than any othertest site in the U.S. In collaboration with theU.S. Army and Dynacs Engineering Co., Inc.,KSC is testing the effectiveness of chloriderinse agents as corrosion inhibitors for use onArmy aircraft, missile, and ground vehiclesystems.

Nine different metals specified by the U.S.Army will undergo exposure and observationfor two years in a harsh, outdoor, marineenvironment. In addition, the data is beingcollected with a sensor that may ultimatelyserve as a tool for predicting corrosioninitiation.

Cryogenics TestbedIn its second year, the Cryogenics Testbed

Facility, a venture in technology and researchcollaboration, is offering research anddevelopment capabilities that are benefitingprojects originating from KSC, academia, andprivate industry. Cryogenic science deals withthe production of very low temperatures andthe behavior of materials at thosetemperatures and is vital to KSC’s spaceflightoperations.

NASA established a Space Act Agreementwith Dynacs. The Dynacs team offersextensive experience in the KSC operationalenvironment performing design, modeling,operation and maintenance of large, complex,cryogenic systems.


KSC also teamed with Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory, a United States Department ofEnergy multiprogram science and technologylab. The Interagency Agreement focuses onproducing new flexible piping that performsbetter than straight piping, so that energyefficient, high-temperature, superconductingcable can become a reality for the world’spower industry.

Materials Test and EvaluationKSC offers unique facilities and extensive

expertise for failure analysis in areas such asflight hardware and ground supportequipment, testing, and reengineering ofmaterials used in nearly every commercial andaerospace industry. Capabilities includechemical analysis, materials testing,environmental simulation, and nondestructiveevaluation.

Pioneering research placed KSC andLangley Research Center (LaRC) at theforefront of new materials and structuralconcepts for aerospace vehicles and otherapplications. This partnership, incorporatingthe study of high-performance foams, has ledto research in the development of KSC’sCryogenics Testbed.

Electromagnetic PhysicsElectrostatic testing of thin films and

clothing materials has been routinelyperformed at KSC since the 1960s, leading toa compilation of a large database onelectrostatic material properties. KSC’slaboratory is capable of supplying electrostaticinformation on thousands of thin films

Partnerships

immediately, and on-site testing devices andtechniques can provide electrostatic data onnew materials on the spot. Spacecraft andpayload preparation and launch requireelectrostatic control measures to avoidexcessive charge buildup. Future launchesfrom the moon or Mars will require stricterpreventive measures.

In 2001, KSC’s Electromagnetic PhysicsLaboratory partnered with NASA’s JetPropulsion Lab (JPL) for joint electrostaticstudies and material characterization to assiston various issues related to electrostaticcharge generation and prevention in theShuttle, International Space Station, andpayload work areas, as well as on planetarysurfaces such as those of Mars or the moon.Specifically, the focus is to characterize theelectrostatic properties of a Martian soilsimulant with various insulating materials.

KSC partnered with Jet PropulsionLaboratory on a NASA Electronic Parts andPackaging Program, which evaluatescommercial electronic nose instruments. KSCalso will be working with Glenn ResearchCenter, Johnson Space Center (JSC), CaseWestern Reserve University and MakelEngineering to develop a Microsystem-basedHydrazine Detection System for the Stationand EVA application. KSC along with JSC andJPL also developed an instrument formonitoring ammonia, hypergolic fuel andoxidizer in the Shuttle and ISS airlock.

A separate partnership with GlennResearch Center will provide expertise inruggedization – the redesign of the hydrogensensor to withstand the environment it will beexposed to during flight.


A groundbreakingceremony beginsconstruction of the SpaceExperiment Research andProcessing Laboratory(SERPL).


The Kennedy Space Center VisitorComplex saw 1,800,000 touringvisitors through its doors in FY 2001.


Kennedy Space Center is part of a largernetwork of customers, partners, stakeholders,and friends, in the local community andbeyond. The Center’s FY 2001 outreach effortbegan in our own backyard through endeavorssuch as Days of Caring, Combined FederalCampaign, Community Appreciation Day andVolunteer Appreciation Breakfasts. But workalso extended across the globe as guests fromaround the world visited the Kennedy SpaceCenter Visitor Complex and came forlaunches. Additionally, a variety of educationalprograms and offerings extended a hand tothousands of students and teachers fromaround the United States.

KSC also reached out through its publicweb site at www.ksc.nasa.gov. Several newWorld Wide Web-based simulations and tourswere developed for the general public,providing a fun and exciting way for spaceenthusiasts to acquire a deeper understandingof KSC’s role in space exploration. Theseapplications include the Shuttle LaunchSimulation, the Firing Room Virtual Tour, theNASA Time Capsule, and the InternationalSpace Station Docking Simulation.

Global Outreach - The KennedySpace Center Visitor Complex

The public’s primary gateway to KennedySpace Center, the Visitor Complex shared theexcitement of space flight with more than1,800,000 touring visitors in FY 2001. To betterserve the increasing number of visitors, theVisitor Complex completed manyenhancements and developed plans for futureexpansions. In July, a long-rangecomprehensive Master Plan was delivered toassure that any future expansion by the Visitor

Outreach to the World

Complex is done in an orderly manner. Abypass road currently under construction is aportion of the Master Plan, and in the futurewill allow separation of tour bus and servicevehicle traffic from visitor traffic, improvingsafety as well as security.

A new, live stage show, “Mad Mission toMars 2025,” debuted, augmenting the VisitorComplex’s child-oriented programming. Usinghands-on activities, 3-D computer animationand theatrical effects such as artificial winds,the Mars-focused show transforms theaudience into “astronaut trainees.” The showwas created to inspire children of all ages tounderstand space exploration.

The Rocket Garden was redesigned toenhance the information, landscaping,creature comforts and safety. To accomplishthis, new exhibit labels have been developedand a new lighting system designed fornighttime operations to enhance the Rocketsand displays, as will a new sound system. Anew water feature will highlight the landscape.

The Apollo/Saturn V Center has evolvedas a major destination for daily and launchvisitors. Because of increased souvenir salesat this location, a design was completed for anexpansion of the souvenir sales area to meetthe increasing demand.


Community OutreachDuring the Combined Federal Campaign

in FY2001, KSC raised more than $260K, wellover the goal of $220K. The successfulcampaign also marked the first time KSCraised in excess of a quarter of a milliondollars. Forty percent of the funds wentdirectly to the local community, while theremainder was distributed to national andinternational organizations.

In the last week of October, more than 250KSC employees joined forces with localvolunteers for Days of Caring. Volunteersparticipated in a variety of community serviceprojects around Brevard County, benefitinghealth and human service agencies funded bythe United Way of Brevard.

On Nov. 4, 2000, more than 43,000Brevard County residents, KSC and CCAFSemployees attended Community AppreciationDay. A phenomenal success, the eventprovided KSC and CCAFS the opportunity toshare an up-close look inside the spaceprogram’s vehicles and one-of-a-kind facilities.Activities were highlighted by a drive-by tour ofLaunch Pad 39B, with Shuttle Endeavour onthe pad, and a behind-the-scenes look fromthe ISS Center viewing window to see Stationelements being readied for flight.

On February 20, KSC’s volunteers wererecognized at a Volunteer AppreciationBreakfast at the KSC Visitor Complex inFebruary 2001. Many of these volunteers areactive in the NASA Alumni League and spendcountless hours each year assisting at KSC ina wide variety of ways.

KSC also joined in a celebration of SpaceDay in Tallahassee on April 2. News mediarepresentatives took part in an informalquestion-and-answer session with NASAastronauts Ken Cockrell, Mark Polansky andDavid Brown. Florida Gov. Jeb Bush, Lt. Gov.Frank Brogan and Speaker of the House TomFeeney spoke from the floor of the HouseChamber to the Expedition Two crew aboardthe International Space Station. Astronautsand Florida Commissioner of EducationCharlie Crist presented a savings bond to thewinner of a statewide art contest sponsored byKSC and USAF contractor Space GatewaySupport.

“The Odyssey Continues” was this year’stheme for the Community Leaders Briefing,held April 23. KSC Director Roy D. Bridges Jr.and Deputy Director James L. Jennings metwith community leaders from Brevard Countyand the state of Florida to discuss the long-term viability of KSC and how the spaceprogram benefits the community. Leadersheard KSC’s vision for the future, the currentKSC budget, employment trends, educationalpartnerships, future goals, and major facilityprojects. They also took part in a livelyquestion and answer period with the director.

Outreach to the World


The entrance to the new“Mad Mission to Mars2025” show stands infront of the RocketGarden, which recentlyreceived upgrades.


Student teams prepare to movetheir robots to the playing fieldduring the NASA/KSC FIRSTSoutheastern Regional event.


Kennedy Space Center’s EducationPrograms and University Research Division isreflecting on one of its busiest and mostsuccessful years. Throughout the fiscal year,more than 120,000 teachers, students, andcitizens participated in KSC’s educationprograms. During the summer, KSC’seducation division managed more than 350students and educators at a time from avariety of programs, including EqualOpportunity scholars, university-leveleducation, numerous K-12 programs, and theNASA-sponsored Space Life SciencesTraining Program (SLSTP).

More than 1,000 K-12 teachers fromaround the world participated in KSC’ssummer educator workshops, which aremodeled after the national standards in math,science and technology. A “hands on/mindson” instructional approach is used in EarthScience, Aerospace Technology, HumanExploration and Development of Space(HEDS) and Space Science workshops,enabling teachers to adapt this newknowledge and experience into their specificeducational situations.

KSC transitioned the Fundamental BiologyOutreach Program (FBOP), formerly LifeSciences Outreach Program, from AmesResearch Center to KSC. FBOP providesquality opportunities for customers to gainunderstanding of, or to participate in, researchobjectives and benefits of NASA’s fundamentalbiology research.

Education

KSC’s 2001 Undergraduate StudentResearch Program (USRP) summer programwas a pilot program sponsored by NASAHeadquarters Education Division. KSCreceived more than 500 applications fromundergraduate students representing morethan 300 colleges and universities from all 50states and Puerto Rico. The 12 internsselected, fully representing America’s richdiversity, worked with technical mentors intheir chosen discipline during the summer.

Space Life Sciences Training Program(SLSTP) provided 32 U.S. and Canadianstudents an opportunity to participate on site inprojects emphasizing ecology, closedbiological systems and flight experiments.These projects highlighted the unique featuresof research conducted in space and thechallenges associated with planning andconducting long-duration space flight missionsand experiments. The intensive six-weeksession also examined the environmentalimpacts of the Space Shuttle Program on KSCand local ecology.


Through the International Space Station(ISS) Web cast series sponsored by KSC andNASA Quest, students and educators got abehind-the-scenes look at KSC’s role in SpaceStation processing. Topic areas included the100th shuttle launch, an overview of the ISSfeaturing the Destiny module and roles of theinternational partners, life in space, and KSC’srole in meeting astronaut medicalrequirements. This Internet-based programallowed participating viewers worldwide to“tour” KSC and have their questions answeredlive by NASA experts.

In March, 40 teams of high schoolstudents and thousands of interested visitorsdescended upon KSC for the third SoutheastRegional competition of the First Inspirationand Recognition of Science and Technology(FIRST) tournament, which was carried live onNASA Television. The student teams builtrobots according to precise specifications, andthen unleashed their creations to battle theclock and each other in assigned roboticstasks.

During 2001, KSC initiated the “SEENASA – Student Educational Experience”program in partnership with the state ofFlorida. SEE NASA targets 5th grade studentsin Florida who come to KSC to participate in atwo-day experience of learning and view aShuttle launch. The idea for the studentexperience was provided during a discussionbetween Mrs. Columba Bush, wife of FloridaGovernor Bush, and NASA Administrator DanGoldin, in April 2001. The program wasplanned with representatives of NASAHeadquarters, Kennedy Space Center,Delaware North Park Services (KennedyVisitor Center), and Florida Education officials.

During calendar year 2001, more than200 students and educators visited the SpaceCenter. Students from the Florida panhandle,the Tampa area and the Hialeah area wererepresented. The schools were selected bythe State of Florida Commission of Educationto reward their achievement in significantlyimproving their overall FCAT scores through afocus on higher order thinking skills andincreased parent involvement.

Education


The 2001 Summer StudentProgram orientation introducedsummer students and professorsto Kennedy Space Center.

The work done at the Kennedy SpaceCenter in Brevard County not only helps thenation achieve its objectives in outer space, italso enlarges and enhances the nearbyeconomy. These economic effects are broadand substantial. The money spent on spaceexploration directly supports employment andproduction at Kennedy Space Center andgenerates additional jobs, earnings, andoutput elsewhere in Florida through thepurchase of goods and services from firms inthe private sector. KSC enhances theproductivity of the region’s workers, raisingtheir wages and standard of living.

To conduct its exploration of space,NASA requires an extraordinary range of

60

Economic Impact

commodities including fuel, missile engines,computers, and photographic equipment. Therange of services it purchases is just as wide,including communications, laboratory testing,and university research. In meeting NASA’sdemand for these goods and services, localcontractors employ workers, fund payrolls, andgenerate output. These workers andcontractors generate additional impacts asthey spend their incomes and place orderswith other regional firms for materials andservices. Each round of such spendingrecirculates NASA’s initial demand amongFlorida’s businesses and households,multiplying the direct impact on the economy.

Kennedy Space Center Workforce

Full-time Civil Servants 1,802

Civil Service Skill MixScientific & Engineering 61.3%Administrative 23.5%Technical 8.5%Clerical 6.7%

Contractor Employees 11,001Tenants 1,266

Total KSC Employees 14,069

Economic Impact Summary

The University of Florida performed anEconomic Impact Study to determine NASA’s(KSC and other Centers and the ancillaryoperations of the Visitor Complex) economicimpact on Brevard County and the centralFlorida region. The main results aresummarized in the following table and chart.During 2001 NASA’s direct impact (final

61

demand) on the Central Florida regionamounted to $1.061 billion. The total impacton private sector output came to $1.957 billionand provided 20,500 workers with $798 millionof earnings.

Upon request, a full report is availablefrom the KSC Chief Financial Office.

Brevard County Central Florida

2001 2000 2001 2000

Millions of 2001 dollars

Procurement 1,296 1,134 1,315 1,186Final Demand 885 826 1,011 974Output of Goods and Services 1,356 1,269 1,862 1,789Earnings 589 547 768 729

Procurement: Cost of goods and services paid out by NASA andVisitors’ Center to vendors/suppliers within the study area

Final Demand: Value of goods, services and labor produced and performedwithin the study area

Output of Goods and Services: Total economic impact of NASA spending by region

Earnings: Salaries of direct workforce + salaries of jobs created byNASA acquisition

Economic Impact Summary

NASA Procurement of Goods and Services

Guided missiles & space vehicles

Aircraft & missile equipment

Other manufactured goods & construction

Computer, business, & professional services

Services of defense agencies, universities & other

Space flight operations

Economic Impact by Industry (Jobs in Central Florida)

62

7%

8%

9%

3%

63%

10%

13%

4%

5%

4%69%

5%

Government

Other

Manufacturing

Trade

Transportation

Services

61

Workers in the SpacecraftAssembly and EncapsulationFacility-2 prepare theMicrowave Anisotropy Probe(MAP) for launch.

64

Statement of the ChiefFinancial Officer

The Fiscal Year (FY) 2001 financialstatements (unaudited) have been prepared toreport the financial position and results ofNASA’s Kennedy Space Center operation,pursuant to the requirements of the ChiefFinancial Officers (CFOs) Act of 1990 and theGovernment Management Reform Act of 1994(GMRA). The statements include theStatement of Financial Position and theStatement of Operations and Changes in NetPosition. The statements have been preparedfrom the books and records of NASA, inaccordance with the comprehensive basis ofaccounting prescribed by the Office of

Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin 94-01, “Form and Content of Agency FinancialStatements.” The statements are different fromfinancial reports used to monitor and controlbudgetary resources, which are prepared fromthe same books and records.

The statements should be read with therealization that they are for an agency of theU.S. Government, a sovereign entity.

Liabilities not covered by budgetaryresources cannot be liquidated without theenactment of an appropriation; and paymentof all liabilities, other than for contracts, can beabrogated by the sovereign entity.

These financial statements were preparedin accordance with Federal accountingstandards. These standards are evolvingthrough the efforts of the Federal AccountingStandards Advisory Board (FASAB). Thisboard includes members from the Office ofManagement and Budget (OMB), the GeneralAccounting Office (GAO), and the Departmentof Treasury (Treasury). Currently, NASAobserves the following hierarchy of accountingstandards as required by OMB:

• Individual FASAB standards publishedby OMB, GAO and Treasury;

• OMB guidance on the form andcontent of financial statements;

• Agency accounting guidance, whichrepresents prevalent practices; and

• Accounting principles published byother authoritative sources.

65

NASA Headquarters, which receivesfunding through annual Congressionalappropriations, authorizes and funds KSCoperations. KSC’s total operation expenses forFY 2001 by appropriation were:

The 2001 Annual Report and FinancialStatements were the result of the work of adedicated team of professionals at KSC.

N.A. Carroll, Chief Financial Officer

Appropriation Amount In

thousands

Mission Support $ 288,943Human Space Flight 474,791Science, Aeronautics & Technology 299,534Construction of Facilities 362

Total Expenses $ 1,063,630

66

Financial Statement

Statements of Financial PositionAs of September 30, 2001(In Thousands)

Assets: 2001 2000Intragovernmental Assets: Fund Balance With Treasury (Note 2) 466,673$ 457,200$ Accounts Receivable, Net (Note 3) 17,282 19,271 Governmental Assets: Accounts Receivable, Net (Note 3) 1,555 1,104 Advances and Prepayments 58 510

Property, Plant and Equipment (Note 4) 2,073,077 2,033,508 Other Assets (Note 5) 113,140 117,560 Total Assets 2,671,785$ 2,629,153$

Liabilities:Liabilities Covered by Budgetary Resources: Intragovernmental Liabilities: Accounts Payable 15,072$ 17,881$ Other Liabilities (Note 6) 358 393 Governmental Liabilities: Accounts Payable 243,720 241,225 Other Liabilities (Note 6) 12,450 13,838 Total 271,600$ 273,337$ Liabilities not Covered by Budgetary Resources: Intragovernmental Liabilities: Other Liabilities (Note 6) 385$ 418$ Governmental Liabilities: Other Liabilities (Note 6) 14,286 13,739 Total 14,671$ 14,157$ Total Liabilities 286,271$ 287,494$

Net Position (Note 7): Unexpended Appropriations 213,962$ 204,442$ Invested Capital 2,186,217 2,151,068 Cumulative Results of Operations 5 306 Future Funding Requirements (14,670) (14,157) Total Net Position 2,385,514$ 2,341,659$ Total Liabilities and Net Position 2,671,785$ 2,629,153$

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

67

Financial Statement

Statements of Operations and Changes in Net PositionFor the Year Ended September 30, 2001(In Thousands)

2001 2000Revenues and Financing Sources:

Appropriated Capital Used 902,405$ 897,363$ Revenues from Sales of Goods and Services: To the Public 4,939 4,747 Intragovernmental 155,985 134,539 Other Revenues and Financing Sources (Note 8) 719 769 Less: Receipts Transferred to Treasury (719) (769) Total Revenues and Financing Sources 1,063,329$ 1,036,649$

Expenses:

Program or Operating Expenses by Appropriation: Mission Support 283,586$ 302,216$ Human Space Flight 361,968 357,702 Science, Aeronautics and Technology 256,789 235,744 Construction of Facilities 362 1,366 Space Flight Control and Data Communications - 46

Reimbursable Expenses 160,925 139,286 Total Expenses 1,063,630$ 1,036,360$

Total Revenues and Financing Sources In Excess of Expenses (301)$ 289$

Nonoperating Changes:

Unexpended Appropriations (Note 7) 9,520$ (4,026)$ Invested Capital (Note 7) 35,149 41,432 Cumulative Results from Operations (note 7) (301) 289

Future Funding Requirements (Note 7) (513) 1,807 Total Nonoperating Changes 43,855$ 39,502$

Change in Net Position 43,855$ 39,502$ Net Position, Beginning Balance 2,341,659 2,302,157 Net Position, Ending Balance 2,385,514$ 2,341,659$

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Financial Statement

1. Summary of Accounting Policies and Operations

Basis of Presentation

These financial statements were prepared to report the financial position and results ofoperations of John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), pursuant to the requirements of the ChiefFinancial Officers Act of 1990. The statements were prepared from the books and records ofKSC, in accordance with the comprehensive basis of accounting specified in OMB Bulletin 94-01.

Reporting Entity

KSC is one of nine NASA field centers established to aid NASA in its mission to provide foraeronautical and space activities. Financial management of its operations is the responsibility ofCenter officials at all organizational levels. KSC’s accounting system is one of ten distinctoperations located at nine NASA Centers and Headquarters. Although KSC, like the otherCenters, is independent and has its own Deputy Chief Financial Officer for Finance, it operatesunder Agencywide financial management regulations. KSC provides payroll accounting forapproximately 1,802 civilian employees and processes approximately 6,508 nonpayroll-relatedaccounting transactions monthly. This data provides the basic information necessary to meetinternal and external financial reporting requirements and provides both funds control andaccountability.

Four appropriations require individual treatment in the KSC accounting and control system.

(1) The Human Space Flight (HSF) appropriation supports human space flight research anddevelopment activities for space flight, spacecraft control, and communications actions. Thisincludes research, development, operations, services, maintenance, and construction offacilities, which encompasses the repair, rehabilitation, and modification of real and personalproperty.

(2) The Science Aeronautics and Technology (SAT) appropriation provides for the conduct andsupport of science, aeronautics, and technology. This includes research, development,operations, services, maintenance, and construction of facilities, which encompasses therepair, rehabilitation, and modification of real and personal property.

(3) The Mission Support (MS) appropriation provides for safety, reliability, and quality assuranceactivities supporting Agency programs, space communication services for NASA programs,salaries, and related expenses in support of research in NASA Field Centers, andconstruction of facilities, which encompasses the repair, rehabilitation, and modification ofreal and personal property.

(4) The Construction of Facilities (C of F) appropriation, which was restructured and replaced inthe 1995 budget, includes the construction of new facilities and the repair, rehabilitation, andmodification of facilities.

Notes to the Financial StatementsFor the Year Ended September 30, 2001

68

Financial Statement

The Space Flight, Control, and Data Communications (SFCDC) appropriation, which wasrestructured and replaced in the 1995 budget, included production, operations, and supportactivities for the Space Transportation System, which includes the Space Shuttle andexpendable launch vehicles. The appropriation also provided for tracking, telemetry,command, and data acquisition support of all flight projects. All FY appropriations withinSFCDC were closed as of FY 2001 and are included for comparative purposes only.

In addition to the basic operating programs described above, KSC expenditures in FY 2001included $161 million of reimbursable activity.

Basis of Accounting

KSC accounts are maintained on an accrual basis (i.e., expense and revenue are recorded inthe accounts for the period in which they are incurred or earned). Expenses are classified in theaccounts according to the appropriation that financed the activity. These expenses are coded inaccordance with the Agencywide coding structure, which sets forth a uniform classification offinancial activity that is used for planning, budgeting, accounting, and reporting. The expensesare further categorized in the General Ledger as operating expenses or capitalized expenses.

Funds with the U.S. Treasury and Cash

KSC’s cash receipts and disbursements are processed by the U.S. Treasury. The funds withthe U.S. Treasury include appropriated funds, trust funds, and deposit funds for advancesreceived for reimbursable services. Balances are not held outside the U.S. Treasury.

Advances

KSC funds its University Contracts and Grants program through the use of predeterminedpayment schedules where letters of credit are not used; recipients are required to scheduledraw-downs to coincide with actual, immediate cash requirements, in accordance with OMBCircular A-125 and Department of Treasury regulations. Quarterly financial reporting of cashtransactions is provided on Federal Cash Transactions Reports (SF 272’s). Detailed monitoringand accountability records are maintained; monitoring includes audits by the Defense ContractAudit Agency (DCAA) and NASA’s Office of the Inspector General.

69

70

Financial Statement

Accounts Receivable

The largest portion of accounts receivable is due from other Federal agencies and includesresearch and development of satellites as well as launch services. Nongovernmental customersare required to provide advance payments, which are credited to the applicable appropriation.Advances are then used to offset services as performed. In unusual cases, exceptions andwaivers to this general rule have been granted under the Space Act, allowing customers topostpone advance payments.

Property, Plant, and Equipment

KSC-owned Property, Plant, and Equipment may be held by the Center or its contractors.Under the provisions of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), contractors are responsible forcontrol over and accountability for such property in their possession.

Under the User Charge Act and OMB Circular A-25, Property, Plant, and Equipment may bedepreciated, while in prior years a “use” charge was applied to commercial reimbursablecustomers, which included a factor for depreciation of facilities and equipment. KSC is permittedto charge depreciation under the “full cost” concept to nongovernment reimbursable customers.Depreciation is not included in cost at the Center level but is calculated and reflected in theAgency level financial statements.

All internal use software, whether it is commercial off-the-shelf, contractor-developed, orinternally developed, which meets the capitalization criteria, is subject to the provisions of SFFASNumber 11 and its cost shall be capitalized when accepted. When such software is integrated intoand necessary to operate general PP&E, rather than perform an application, it is considered partof the PP&E of which it is an integral part, and capitalized and depreciated accordingly. In thesecases, the aggregate cost of the PP&E and software is used to determine whether the item meetsthe dollar threshold for capitalization.

Equipment with a unit cost of $100,000 or more and a useful life of 2 years or more, notintended for sale in the ordinary course of operations, and has been acquired or constructed withthe intention of being used, or being available for use by the Agency, is capitalized. Capitalizedcost includes unit cost, transportation, installation, and handling and storage costs.

Real property, such as land, buildings, and other structures and facilities, is capitalized whenthe asset value is $100,000 or more. The capitalized value represents the total cost to NASA,including both acquisition and preparation costs. Land values are recorded at original acquisitioncost and do not reflect current value nor include the cost of improvements. Buildings are alsovalued at acquisition cost, including the cost of capital improvements and fixed equipmentrequired for functional use of the facility. Other structures include the acquisition cost of capitalimprovements.

71

Financial Statement

Government-owned/Contractor-held property includes KSC materials, plant equipment,Agency-peculiar property, special tooling, and special test equipment. Contractors are directed toannually report all plant equipment costs for the fiscal year. Plant equipment costing $100,000 ormore and having a useful life of 2 years will be capitalized. Contractors electronically reportproperty changes during the fiscal year, as of September 30, on a NASA Form 1018, Report ofGovernment-owned/Contractor-held Property. The electronic submissions do not have digitalsignature, and are validated by Department of Defense (DOD) or NASA Property Administrator(NASA PA), Industrial Property Management Specialist (IPMS) and Deputy Chief Financial Officer(DCFO).

Contractor-held Agency-peculiar property includes flight pallets, mission peculiar experimentsupport structures, spacelab, transfer tunnel, and similar components unique to NASA spaceprograms and held by NASA prime contractors or their first-tier subcontractors who areresponsible for building, refurbishing and launching the hardware. Contractor reporting isstipulated in the NASA Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement, NFS Part 1845. These itemsare priced in accordance with guidance set forth in this NASA supplement. The unit acquisitioncost shall include all costs incurred to bring the property to a form and location suitable for itsintended use per NFS Part 1845.7101.3.

Other Assets

Other assets include Government-owned/Contractor-held materials.

Liabilities

Accounts payable includes amounts recorded for receipt of goods or services furnished to theCenter, based on receiving reports and billings rendered. Additionally, KSC accrues cost andrecognizes liability based on information that is provided monthly by contractors on cost andperformance reports (NASA Form 533, Contractor Financial Management Report). KSC relies onindependent audits by the DCAA to ensure the reliability of reported costs and estimates. Toprovide further assurance, financial managers are required to test the accuracy of cost accrualsgenerated from the NF 533’s, and NASA Headquarters independently analyzes the validity ofKSC’s data.

Revenues and Other Financing Sources

KSC receives the majority of its funding through multi-year appropriations. These include 3-year appropriations for construction activities, 2-year appropriations for operational and spaceflight activities, and a single year appropriation for civil service payroll and travel. In addition toappropriated funds, the Center performs services for other Federal agencies and the public andreceives reimbursable funding authority.

Financial Statement

72

2. Fund Balance with Treasury: (In Thousands)

Fund Balances:Obligated

Unobligated Available

Unobligated Restricted Fund Balance

Appropriated Funds 379,819$ 81,957$ 4,522$ 466,298$

Deposit Funds Suspense/Clearing Accounts 375

Total Fund Balance with Treasury 466,673$

3. Accounts Receivable, Net: (In Thousands)

Entity Accounts Receivable

Non-Entity Accounts

Receivable

Allowance for Uncollectible Receivables Net Amount Due

Intragovernmental 17,282$ -$ -$ 17,282$ Governmental 1,819 314 (578) 1,555

Total 19,101$ 314$ (578)$ 18,837$

Non-entity accounts receivable represent amounts that will be deposited to miscellaneous receipts when collected.

4. Property, Plant and Equipment: (In Thousands)

2001 2000 Change Government-owned/Government-held:

Land 73,672$ 73,672$ -$ Structures, Facilities and Leasehold 1,416,836 1,390,332 26,504 Improvements Equipment 205,486 219,919 (14,433) Work in Process 4,705 2,753 1,952 Total 1,700,699$ 1,686,676$ 14,023$

Government-owned/Contractor-held:

Structures and Facilities 7,567$ 7,567$ -$ Equipment 61,602 64,562 (2,960) Special Tooling 1,590 928 662 Special Test Equipment 58,702 60,430 (1,728) Space Hardware 242,151 212,551 29,600 Work in Process 766 794 (28) Total 372,378$ 346,832$ 25,546$

Total Property, Plant and Equipment 2,073,077$ 2,033,508$ 39,569$

See Note 1 for further discussion on property, plant and equipment.

Financial Statement

73

5. Other Assets: (In Thousands)

2001 2000 Change Contractor-held Materials 113,140$ 117,560$ (4,420)$ Total 113,140$ 117,560$ (4,420)$

6. Other Liabilities: (In Thousands)

Liabilities Covered by Budgetary Resources:Current Non-Current Total

Intragovernmental Liabilities: Liability for Deposit and Suspense Funds 358$ -$ 358$ Total 358$ -$ 358$

Governmental Liabilities: Liability for Deposit and Suspense Funds 1,576$ -$ 1,576$ Accrued Funded Payroll and Benefits 10,874 - 10,874 Total 12,450$ -$ 12,450$

The liability for deposit and suspense funds includes cash advances received from other Government agencies and public reimbursable customers. Also included are funds on deposit with the U.S. Treasury for employees’ savings bonds and state tax withholdings.

Liabilities Not Covered by Budgetary Resources:Current Non-Current Total

Intragovernmental Liabilities: Accounts Payable for Closed Appropriations -$ 385$ 385$ Total -$ 385$ 385$

Governmental Liabilities: Accounts Payable for Closed Appropriations -$ 1,239$ 1,239$ Contingent Liabilities - - - Unfunded Annual Leave - 13,047 13,047 Total -$ 14,286$ 14,286$

See Note 1 for further discussion of liabilities not covered by budgetary resources.

Financial Statement

74

7. Net Position: (In Thousands) 2001 2000

Appropriated Funds

Appropriated Funds Change

Unexpended Appropriations: Undelivered 127,483$ 146,663$ (19,180)$ Unobligated:

Available 81,957 51,314 30,643 Unavailable 4,522 6,465 (1,943)

213,962$ 204,442$ 9,520$

Invested Capital 2,186,217$ 2,151,068$ 35,149$

Cumulative Results 5$ 306$ (301)$

Future Funding Requirements: Annual leave (13,047)$ (12,490)$ (557)$ Closed appropriations (1,623) (1,667) 44 Other - - -

(14,670)$ (14,157)$ (513)$

Total 2,385,514$ 2,341,659$ 43,855$

8. Other Revenues and Financing Resources: (In Thousands)

2001 2000 General Fund Proprietary Receipts 719$ 769$ Total 719$ 769$

General Fund Proprietary Receipts represent user fees, gifts, fines or interest penalties.

73

This acrylic painting byStan H. Stokes capturesthe lift-off of Atlantis,mission 61-B, November26, 1985, in a dramaticnight launch.

Dawn casts a pink glowacross the landscape as aBoeing Delta II rocket standsready to launch the MarsOdyssey spacecraft.

STS-105 crew captured this view ofthe International Space Station overa moderately cloud-covered land area.

ksc annual report · by offering the “seven habits of highly effective people” training to more...

Documents