klaus bondamcreating a_world-class_sustainable_city
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Crea%ng a world-‐class sustainable city
Klaus Bondam, Director at The Danish Cultural Ins%tute/Benelux
Birmingham, Novemer 1. 2011
Klaus Bondam • Born 1963 • Civil servant • Actor and theatre manager • Member of the City Council in Copenhagen 2002 – 2010 • Mayor for the Technical and Environmental
Administration 2006 – 2009 • Mayor for the Employment and Integration Administration
2010 • Director of the Danish Cultural Institute/Benelux based in
Brussels. • www.bondam.dk / www.dkibenelux.org
Europe
The Oeresund Region • The Oeresund Region (including
Skaane in Sweden) = 3,6 mio. inhabitants (DK; 2,4 + S; 1,2)
• The Greater Copenhagen Region = 1,8 mio. inhabitants
• The City of Copenhagen = 0,51 mio ( + 1000 new inhabitants monthly
• 10 comunity districts • 88,25 km2. • Founded 1167 ad
Copenhagen -‐ Capital of Denmark
Our two main visions in Copenhagen
”Ecometropolis”
Climate Capital World’s best city for cycling A green and blue capital city A clean and healthy major city
”A Metropolis for People”
More urban life for all More people walk more More people staying longer
2015 Metropolis for People goals :
• By 2015, 80% of Copenhageners will be satisfied with the opportunities they have for taking part in urban life • By 2015, the amount of pedestrian traffic will be 20% more than pedestrian mode share today • By 2015, Copenhageners will spend 20% more time in urban spaces than they do today
World’s best city for cycling (Ecometropolis)
• At least 50% of people will go to their work or educaSonal insStuSon in Copenhagen by bike. (today 36 %)
• The number of seriously injured cyclists in Copenhagen to be
halved compared to today. (To day 118 cyclists a year) • At least 80% of cyclists in Copenhagen to feel safe and secure
in traffic. (To day 58 %)
A clean and healthy major city (Ecometropolis)
• Copenhageners should be able to sleep peacefully, free from noise harmful to health from street traffic. All schools and insStuSons should be subject to only low traffic-‐noise level. (There are no current measurements taken of traffic-‐noise levels at night. Measured on a round-‐the-‐clock basis, about 40,000 dwellings are subject to excessive noise levels. Today, about 10 schools and 20 insJtuJons are subject to noise from street traffic. Even more, however, are esJmated to be subject to more than a low noise level, that is to say more than 55 dB.)
• The air should be so clean that Copenhageners' health will not be damaged. (Like the vast majority of big European ciJes, Copenhagen also finds it difficult to live up to the air quality specificaJons for nitrous dioxide (NO2) and large parJcles -‐ PM10)
• There should be at least 20% ecological food in the city’s food consumpSon. (About 7% naJonwide)
• The city to lead the way with at least 90% organic food in its insStuSons. (45 %) • Copenhagen should be Europe’s cleanest capital and one of the cleanest capitals in
the world. Rubbish should be cleared from public streets within eight hours. (Copenhagen is reckoned to be amongst the top third of the cleanest capitals in Europe. Today, in the inner city, 36 hours elapse in some places before the streets are cleaned.)
A green and blue capital city (Ecometropolis)
• 90% of Copenhageners should be able to walk to a park, a beach, a natural area or sea swimming-‐pool in under 15 minutes. (To day about 60 %)
• Copenhageners will be visiSng the city’s parks, natural areas,
sea swimming-‐pools and beaches twice as o[en as today. (Today, Copenhageners visit the city’s parks, natural areas, sea swimming-‐pools and beaches every other day, and stay there one hour on average.)
Climate Capital (Ecometropolis)
• A reducSon in Copenhagen’s CO2 emissions of at least 20% compared to today. (Copenhagen emits a combined total of 2.4m tonnes (2005 figures) = 4.9 tonnes per inhabitant)
Copenhagen Modal Split -‐ All Trips (2006)
Why do Copenhageners cycle ? It’s faster 55% It’s more convenient 33% It’s healthy 32% It’s cheap 29% ’Good way to start The day’ 21% Shortest route to work 10% Environment/climate 9%
What Copenhageners like about cycling?
Feel good! De-‐stress Relaxing Discovery Lots of cycle tracks
Seasons
Climate change benefit in Copenhagen…
• 90,000 Tons CO2 saved annually (compared to the same number of kilometers by car).
Health effects
• Physically ac%ve individuals live 5 years longer than inac%ve individuals
• Ac%ve individuals have 4 fewer years of severe illness than inac%ve individuals
Traffitec 2006
• One extra kilometer cycled gives an average gain in health-‐ and produc%on-‐related benefits of about 1 USD. Cowi 2008
• Children that cycles to school has 10 % beeer physical condi%on
• Children that starts cycling at 9 years of age -‐ s%ll has almost 10% beeer physical condi%on
• Adults that cycles to work -‐ or every day -‐ has 30% lower mortality rate Statements from survey by: Proffessor Dr. Med. Lars Andersen, Syddansk Universitet :
Cycling figures in hard cash
• When a person chooses to cycle this is a clear gain for society of 0,2 USD per cycled kilometre. Conversly, society suffers a net loss of 0,1 USD per kilometre driven by car.
• In cost-benefit terms the health and life expectancy benefits of cycling are seven times greater that the accidents cost.
• The cost of a bicycle is 0,05 USD per cycled kilometre covering perchase price and mainenace. The equivalent cost for a car is 0,3 USD per driven kilometre.
The City of Copenhagen (2008) using The Danish Ministry of
Transports manual for calculating cost-benefit.
Annual savings will be :
• Healthcare savings $12 USD mill
• Reduced produc%on losses $31 USD mill
• 3.3% drop in absence from work
• 61.000 extra years of life • 46.000 fewer years of severe illness
• 25.000 fewer early re%rements
(Traffitec 2006)
Health benefits from a 10% increase in cycling
Poli%cal incen%ves
Less conges%on Beeer environment Improved health Easy to achieve results Cheap and visible effects
Public opinion is in favour!
What will it take ?…
Improved infrastructure network + facili%es comfort measures campaigning school travel measures innova%on urban developments
New Urban Developments
Mobility in new urban developments
• Prepare for easy access to cycle infrastructure + public transport • Keep modal split like the rest of the city (at least 1/3 on bikes) • Car parking only in construc%on • Low speed limits and integra%on of car free areas • Mandatory bicycle parking facili%es in new developments:
» housing 2,5 parking place per 100 m2 » workplaces 1,5 parking place per 100m2 » shops 3 parling places per 100m2 » educa%onal 0,5 parking places per student
The target is a liveable, sustainable city. A city is not just about the enviroment. It’s also about social sustainability, quality of life. Our vision is that a city is a place where people can see and meet each other. To ojen the objec%ve of urban planning seems to be traffic flow, Traffic is not the target. Traffic is part of city life, not the other way arround.
Helle Søholt, partner Gehl Architects.
