kingdoms - biologythestudyoflivingthings.weebly.com/.../kingdoms_power_point.pdf · 6 kingdoms...
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Kingdoms
3 Domains
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukayra
6 Kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
• These 2 are sometimes combined together to form the Monera Kingdom when only 5 Kingdoms are used
Cell Types
Prokaryote • No nucleus
• No membrane-bound organelles
• Most 1 -10 μm in size
• Evolved 3.5 billion years ago
• Only Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms
Eukaryote • Has nucleus
• Many organelles
• Many 2-1,000 μm in size
• Evolved 1.5 billion years ago
• Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms
Types of Nutrition: Autotrophs
photosynthetic -organism that uses energy from the sun to make its own food, and
chemosynthetic -simple nonliving chemical nutrients such as H2S, sulfur, and iron is consumed and made into living tissue; makes its own food.
All autotrophs make their own food!
auto = self troph = nourish
Types of Nutrition: Heterotrophs
organism that cannot make its own food—must consume other organisms or organic wastes
Hetero = different troph = nourish
Absorber: organism that produces enzymes that break down food particles outside its body, then absorbs the digested molecules
Prokaryotic organisms (no nucleus) Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms
Bacteria Shapes
Coccus (spherical shaped) Bacillus (rod shaped)
Spirillum(spiral/curved walls)
Singular Plural
Coccus cocci
Bacillus bacilli
Spirillum spirilla
Singular Plural
Coccus cocci
Bacillus bacilli
Spirillum spirilla
halophile
halophile
halophile
methanic
methanic
sulfurous
Archaebacteria
Archaea = ancient
Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Cell Type: Prokaryotic (no nucleus)
• Thought to be the original life form on earth that gave rise to eukaryotes; believed to be the ancestors of the protists
• Cell structure: no nucleus, no organelles, have cell walls that contain lipids found in no other organism
• Body Forms: unicellular
• Nutrition: autotrophs or heterotrophs
• Niche: extreme environments such as deep sea volcanic vents, hot springs, salt flats and brine pools, and black organic mud that lacks oxygen (anaerobic)
• Reproduction: asexual
• Neat Facts: fewer than 100 species
Examples of Archaebacteria
Halophiles (Salt lovers) halo = salt phile = love
Acidophiles (love acidic environments)
Sulfurous bacteria (high sulfur environments)
Methanic bacteria (high methane environments)
Anaerobic bacteria (no oxygen) a/an = not aerobic = oxygen
Kingdom Eubacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
• Cell Type: Prokaryotic (has a nucleus) • Believed to give rise to eukaryote cell organelles; believed
to be the ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts; considered the “true bacteria”
• Cell Structure: no nucleus; no organelles; cell walls contain complex carbohydrates; all species have at least one inner cell membrane
• Body Forms: unicellular • Nutrition: photosynthetic and chemical autotrophs, and
heterotrophs • Niche: Common environments, live in and on organisms • Reproduction: asexual • Neat Facts: extremely diverse—5,000 species; many cause
disease; some make vitamins; used for food and drugs
Examples of Eubacteria
Streptococcus aureus
Cyanobacteria
Salmonella
Clostridium botulinum
E. coli
Bacterial Fossils of blue-green algae cyanobacteria
Algal mats preserved in rock Modern day
3.2 billion years old
2.6 billion years old
Eukaryotic Cells Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
Protists – yellow; fungi – red; plantae – green; animalia - blue
Kingdom Protista from microscopic to 150 feet large (the “catch-all kingdom”)
Diversity in Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Protista • Cell Type: Eukaryotes (“catch all” kingdom)
• Cell structure: have a nucleus, mitochondria, and some have chloroplasts
• Body Forms: mostly unicellular, some multicellular, some colonial
• Nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic; ingestion, absorption, or photosynthesis
• Niche: freshwater and ocean water, in and on organisms; anywhere where there is water or a moist environment
• Reproduction: asexual or sexual
• Neat Facts: autotrophic protists produce 1/3 of oxygen in the atmosphere; wide range of sizes
Examples of Protists
Euglena
Paramecium
Amoeba
Diatoms
Slime mold
Algae
Kelp
Red Tide
Kingdom Fungi
• Cell Type: Eukaryotes
• Cell structure: have a nucleus, mitochondria, but no chloroplasts; cell wall of chitin
• Body Forms: some unicellular, most multicellular
• Nutrition: heterotrophic (absorption); mostly decomposers
• Niche: most are terrestrial (land), some live on organisms
• Reproduction: asexual and sexual (rarely)
• Neat Facts: some cause disease; fix nitrogen; make medicine; release free oxygen into the atmosphere
Examples of Fungi
Bread molds
Mushrooms
Yeast
Mildews
Truffles
Penicillium
Kingdom Plantae
• Cell Type: Eukaryotes
• Cell structure: have a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts; cell walls of cellulose; advanced differentiation of tissues (roots, leaves, reproductive structures)
• Body Forms: multicellular
• Nutrition: photosynthetic terrestrial autotrophs
• Niche: on land (terrestrial)
• Reproduction: sexual
• Neat Facts: provide oxygen; convert energy to food; used for paper, textiles, medicine
Examples of Plants
Trees
Flowers
Ferns
Mosses
Grasses
Kingdom Animalia
• Cell Type: Eukaryotes
• Cell structure: have a nucleus, mitochondria, but no chloroplasts and no cell walls; advanced differentiation of tissues and complex organs
• Body Forms: multicellular
• Nutrition: heterotrophic
• Niche: anywhere—land (most), water, sea and air
• Reproduction: sexual and asexual
• Neat Facts: used for food, clothing
Examples of Animals
Snails
Sponges
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Mammals
Birds
Worms
Insects