kinematics of trauma-a

7/27/2019 Kinematics of Trauma-A

1/33

2 Kinematicsof Trauma

Lesson

Prehospital Trauma Life Support


2/33

Developed by the

National Association ofEmergency Medical Technicians

In cooperation with

The Committee on Trauma,American College of Surgeons

This slide presentation is intended for use only

in approved PHTLS courses. 2-1B


3/33

Lesson 2 Objectives

Discuss the laws of energy and motion.

Discuss trauma associated with bluntimpact and penetrating injury.

Overview of the effects of energydistribution in MVCs.

Review the kinematics of blast and violentinjuries.

Use kinematics to predict injury patterns.

2-2


4/33

mv2

2

mass (weight) x velocity (speed)2

2

Kinetic Energy

2-3

or

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

KE=

KE=


5/33

Example of Kinetic Energy

2-4

The KE of a 150-lb. person traveling

at 30 mph would be:

=67,500 KE units150 x 30 x 30

2


6/33

150 lb. person traveling at 30 mph = 67,500 KE units



Velocity vs. Mass

What is more important:

velocityormass?

2-5


7/33

2-6

Velocity


8/33

A body at rest will stay at rest.

A body in motion will remainin motion.

Unless what?

Newtons First Law of Motion

2-7


9/33

Car strikes pole.

Driver continues moving forward.

Anterior surface of body strikes steeringwheel.

Posterior body continues moving forward. Organs compressed within body.

Newtons First Law and Blunt Trauma

2-8


10/33

0

But, energy can

change forms and

can be transferred.

Energy cannot be created.

Energy cannot be destroyed.

Law of Conservation of Energy

2-9

Can you givean example?


11/33

How does the

Law of Conservation of Energy

pertain to trauma?

2-10

Can you give some examples?


12/33

Compression Injury

2-11

Deceleration and Acceleration


13/33

Shear Injury

2-12

Deceleration and Acceleration


14/33

Organ Injury

In a 50 mph MVC, what types injuries would

occur if the patient were to strike the windshield?

2-13


15/33

Head Injury

Fractures.Ligamentous injuries.

Soft tissue injury.Brain injury.

Cord damage.

2-14


16/33

Torso Injury

2-15

Rib fractures.

Heart & lung

damage.

Abdominal organdamage.

Major vesseldamage.


17/33

Extremity Injury

Fractures. Ligamentous injury.

Soft tissue injury.

2-16


18/33

Frontal impact.

Lateral impact.

Rotational impact.

Rear impact.

Rollover.

Types of Motor Vehicle Collisions

2-17


19/33

2-18

What type of injury patterns might

you see in a frontal impact?


20/33

Frontal Impact - Occupant Pathways

What injuries would you expect with an

up and overpathway?2-19


21/33

Injuries with Up & Over Pathway

2-20

Head injuries.

Spine injuries.

Chest injuries. Fractures. Pneumothorax.

Hemothorax. Contusions. Great vessel injury.

continued...


22/33

2-21

Abdominal injuries. Solid organs. Hollow organs.

Diaphragm.

Fractured pelvis.

Injuries with Up & Over Pathwaycontinued...


23/33

Frontal Impact - Occupant Pathways

What injuries would you expect with

a down and underpathway?2-22


24/33

Injuries with Down & Under Pathway

2-23

Posterior knee/hip dislocations.

Femur fractures.

Lower extremity fractures.

Pelvic/acetabular fractures.


25/33

Rear Impact

What types of injuries would you expect?

2-24


26/33

Lateral Impact


2-25


27/33

Body Motion during Lateral Impacts

2-26

Neck

Chest

Pelvis


28/33

Rotational Impact


2-27


29/33

Rollover

What injury patterns might you see

following this collision?2-28


30/33

Properly positioned lap restraint.

Improperly positioned lap restraint.

Lap Restraint Device

2-29

What types of injuries

should you anticipate?


31/33


32/33

What types of injuries wouldyou expect to see?

What injuries would occur in asecond collision?

Airbag Deployment

2-31


33/33

2 32

What concerns would you haveabout a:

Small patient?

Child in a car seat?

Airbag Deployment

kinematics of trauma-a

Documents