kick start your career - your future is waiting for you

Career success stories from

inspiring graduates

PLUS

>>> KEEPING OPTIONS OPEN

the value of breadth in education

Low carbon economy creates new skills

and new jobs

YOUR CAREERkick start

Your future is waiting for you

COSMOSMAGAZINE.COM

growth areas for the jobs of tomorrow10

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Schools are invited to order multiple copies of Kick Start Your Career free of charge for their

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browser edition KicK start Your career 2012

www.cosmosmagazine.com

Career success

stories from

inspiring graduat

es

PLUS

>>> KEEPING

OPTIONS OPEN

the value of bre

adth

in education

Low carbon econo

my

creates new skills

and new jobs

YOUR CAREERkick

start

Your future is waiting

for you

COSMOSMAGA

ZINE.COM

growth areas

for the jobs

of tomorrow10

On_Course_Cover_FI

NAL_v1.indd 1

8/08/12 10:52 AM

Career success stories from

inspiring graduates

PLUS

>>> KEEPING OPTIONS OPEN

the value of breadth in education

Low carbon economy creates new skills

and new jobs

YOUR CAREERkick start


COSMOSMAGAZINE.COM


On_Course_Cover_FINAL_v1.indd 1 8/08/12 10:52 AM

Career success stories from inspiring graduates

PLUS

>>> KEEPING OPTIONS OPEN the value of breadth in education

Low carbon economy creates new skills and new jobs

YOUR CAREER

kick start


COSMOSMAGAZINE.COM


On_Course_Cover_FINAL_v1.indd 1

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Considering a career in law?Your future is waiting for you at Australias World Standard UniversityYear 10 or 11 may seem light years away from university, but its a great time to start doing some research about your options, starting with what subjects youll need to consider if your dream career is to become a reality.

The course search tool on the Study at Melbourne website makes gathering information about your future options simple and straightforward.

If your dream is to pursue a career in law, follow the links to the Melbourne Law School to find out about the many career options, pathways and scholarships available.

coursesearch.unimelb.edu.au

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ContentsNew careers3 How to thrive in the 21st century4 Whats hot tomorrow6 Love your work match your interests

and your course to hot new career areas of the future

7 Get mobile make international experiences part of your learning

Business & I.T.8 Broadband technology9 Cloud computing11 Microfinance13 Social media and the law14 Business analysis

and informatics

Society & Culture16 Criminology and policing18 Aid and development20 Profile: Erika Feller, Assistant High Commissioner, UNHCR

21 Profile: Lucinda Hartley, Community Oriented Design

23 Sports law24 Animation25 Cinema26 Music for gaming

Teaching & Learning27 Teaching music28 Digital teaching30 Early education

Health & Wellbeing32 Biomedicine35 Rehab robotics

36 Tissue engineering37 Dentistry

Animal Science38 Zoonotic disease39 Veterinary medicine

Living Spaces41 Building tomorrows cities43 Energy-efficient buildings

Transport45 The future of urban transport

Nature &Environment47 Environmental law48 Environmental policy-making49 Water management51 Helping businesses go green

Energy & Resources 53 Geothermal energy55 Rare earth metals

Manufacturing & Design57 Solar cell production57 Robotics58 Structural design

Feeding The Future59 Winemaking61 Bioscience62 Food science64 Food retail

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FREE PRINT COPIES OF KICK START YOUR CAREER. If youd like single or multiple print copies posted at no charge, contact: [email protected] Or, read the browser at www.cosmosmagazine.com/Melbourne. For all University of Melbourne course enquiries, call 1800 801 662 or visit: www.futurestudents.unimelb.edu.au

Considering a career as a scientist?Your future is waiting for you at Australias World Standard UniversityYear 10 or 11 may seem light years away from university, but its a great time to start doing some research about your options, starting with what subjects youll need to consider if your dream career is to become a reality.


If your dream is to pursue a career in science, follow the links to the Bachelor of Science webpage to find out about the many career options, pathways and scholarships available.


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These days, career success is not just about how much you develop your skills, knowledge and experience; its also about how you extract value from social networks. This is because your education, work and social relationships both virtual and face-to-face can help create different types of career opportunities.

In their influential book, The Boundaryless Career: A New Employment Principle for a New Organizational Era, authors Michael Arthur and Denise Rousseau argue that thriving in a career relies on being familiar with the three knows: knowing why, knowing how and knowing whom.

Knowing why youre doing your work means having a clear sense of what you want to get out of it and what you want to put in and acknowledging that this might change during your lifetime.

Knowing how to do it is about going out and getting the expert knowledge youll need to be successful. This will often come through university-level education, which has risen sharply down the generations: 35% of 25- to 34-year-olds have completed a university course, compared with 20% of 55- to 64-year-olds, according to a report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Education can also play a big role in financial advancement and career satisfaction, particularly

for women, according to careers expert Thomas Ng.

Knowing whom to team up with out of all the possibilities throughout your relationships and contacts can also play a big part in your career success. These relationships develop at high school and flourish at university. The better educated you are, the more relationships youll make throughout your life; it is also likely to mean your future will present fewer boundaries physically, psychologically and geographically and a less of a defined pecking order at work. New and developing technologies are shaking up the old ways of doing business so that it is more efficient, which means work is being decentralised and structured in very different ways.

Open-source, digital and voice-over-internet technologies mean businesses can access people with the right skills, knowledge and experience no matter where they are around the world, as well as connecting buyers and sellers in novel ways eBay, for instance. All this means that many organisations particularly bricks and mortar companies

will need to rethink their business models and how they market

their products and services.

Working in the 21st century, you can expect a lifetime of

employability rather than a lifetime of employment, according to Rousseau,

who is a globally renowned expert in employment. This means that the workplace

will be more diverse and intergenerational than in previous decades, as people come to a workplace from

different employment and educational backgrounds, and at different stages of their lives, especially as older generations stay in the workplace longer.

Kick Start Your Career provides an exciting insight into the possibilities ahead for those who anticipate these changes and are prepared for them. This useful guide highlights the importance of targeted educational experiences that will help you to thrive in your career and adapt to new areas of work, whether in business, manufacturing and design, law, energy and resources, education, health and wellbeing or green industries. And whether they exist, or are yet to be invented.

Foreword

New careers

How to thrive in the 21st century

Thriving in a career relies on you being familiar with the 'three knows': knowing why, knowing how and knowing whom.

C limate change reversal specialists, pharmers of genetically engineered crops, alternative vehicle developers and social media strategists look back 10 years and youll see that several jobs in demand today didnt even exist back then.

Tomorrows workforce might look very different from todays. Which jobs will be in demand will depend on the areas in which society is changing or needs to change.

Green jobs, for instance, is an obvious growth area, with roles ranging from environmental educators to asset managers, and from green building experts to sustainability planners, managers and advocates. Innovative processes will need to be put in place for managing waste, water and emissions. And a range of other professions will make themselves more employable by having a connection to this sector.

According to theAustralian Conservation Foundation,there will be a demand for: purchasing officers who implement a sustainable purchasing policy; office managers who help reduce energy waste; mining workers who help save fuel or rehabilitate land; and chefs who choose locally grown, environmentally friendly produce. Given the amount of attention governments are now giving sustainability, the green jobs area is likely to grow exponentially.

Businesses that deal withcarbon capture, carbon trading or emissions trading will see a jobs boom over the next decade. The regulations and taxes surrounding these issues might change with governments, but in the long term this will only change how things are done the need to do them wont go away. The same applies to any

Identifying the in-demand careers of tomorrow means understanding the changing world and looking out for trends.

What s hot tomorrow

area associated with the renewable and sustainable energy industry.

Education and trainingis likely to remain Australias fourth-largest export. Overall, people will need to continuously update their skills over the course of their careers. At the same time, it will be common to change

A whole new world of job opportunities is opening

up to meet societys rapidly changing needs.

Ferg

i Rom

ero

1.Sense makingA smart machine will be able to do the grunt work, but it wont be able to think and make an accurate decision thats where humans come in.

2.Social intelligenceRobots and computers arent exactly emotional types, so well still rely on peoples unique human ability to connect with others in a deep and direct way, and to sense and stimulate reactions in order to build trusting relationships.

3.Novel and adaptive thinkingA proficiency at thinking and coming up with creative solutions and responses beyond the usual. High-skill jobs tend not to be autonomous and they frequently require flexibility and on-the-feet thinking.

4.Cross-cultural competencyThe ability to operate in different cultural settings. As companies go global, work teams will involve people from many different backgrounds.

5.Computational thinkingAs we rely more on data to help us make decisions, computational thinking skills will be necessary to use this information effectively. Employers will be looking for people who have statistical analysis and quantitative reasoning skills.

6.New media literacyEmployers will look for people with sophisticated skills to assist them to present their own work through new media and make it more visually appealing. Youll need to be able to assess and develop content that uses new media.

7.Working across disciplinesBeing skilled in one field of expertise will still be appreciated, but youll also need to work with people in other disciplines while being willing to diversify your own skill set.

8.Design mindsetAn ability to develop tasks and work processes for a range of different goals, recognising which tasks require particular approaches, will be desirable.

9.Cognitive load managementAn ability to filter through the clutter to locate and prioritise the important information you need.

10.Virtual collaboration You can work productively and make others feel engaged and part of a team, even if they arent physically sitting next to somebody.

occupations. Whats more, just as it is easier to obtain knowledge and information through new media, it will be easier for people to share their knowledge and skills, and geography will be less of a limitation.

The food sector is going through great change. Jobs now exist in new areas such as ethical farming and treatment of animals, the development of ways to protect crops and animals from disease and pests, and even farm management for overseas companies or governments that have acquired Australian farmland for their nations food security.

Great future prospects will also crop up in every facet of the security industry from national intelligence agencies to biosecurity, and anything to do withinformation security. For example, more people will be needed to install and maintain security systems, while at the other end there will be more work for forensic computer specialists who can detect and interpret hidden patterns in data.

Finally, there is social media and the new service deliveries that will become possible through the National Broadband Network (NBN). Businesses are still developing methods to maximise the use of social media to compete, engage with customers and collect data. Its a similar case with the NBN businesses, government organisations and educators will all need innovative people who are savvy with the processes, but also creative enough to take full advantage of the potential the technology offers.

The key to any career of tomorrow will be to keep looking over the horizon for the changes that are coming. No matter what your area of study or work, new jobs and new opportunities will always be there in anything that will help save time, do things faster, reduce cost, improve safety and reliability, make things easier to use or make things more sustainable and environmentally friendly. You can future-proof your career by having an open mind about the future and watching out for whatever opportunities arise in the trends developing. Most important is the willingness to keep learning and gaining new skills.

So You Want To Future Hot Spots Cool Jobs Start Studying

GO FURTHER Go further by undertaking a professional qualification at masters level once you finish your first degree. You can accelerate your career with intensive, focused study at graduate level at one of our world class graduate schools and graduate with a competitive advantage.

Explore all your options here: www.coursesearch.unimelb.edu.au

Innovate & Invent

broadband technology cloud computing robotics tele-health genetics

informatics analyst geneticist materials scientist engineer

Bachelor of Commerce Bachelor of Science

Help Others

microfinance tissue engineering biomedicine future dentistry aid and development smart home design and construction

music therapist community worker international aid worker dentist biomedical engineer

Bachelor of Biomedicine Bachelor of Environments Bachelor of Music Bachelor of Oral Health

Save the Planet

geothermal energy water management urban transport energy efficiency clean energy city planning sustainable food environmental law

tree physiologist water resources engineer sustainability consultant climate change policy officer environmental advocate

Associate Degree in Environmental Horticulture

Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Environments Bachelor of Science

Educate, Inform or Entertain

digital teaching social media law sports law animation online content

psychometrician teacher games developer educational programs developer music administrator animator sports/entertainment lawyer

Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Biomedicine Bachelor of Commerce Bachelor of Environments Bachelor of Fine Arts Bachelor of Music Bachelor of Science

Feed the World food science international development biotechnology genetic engineering

wine technologist crop engineer international aid officer agricultural researcher

Bachelor of Agriculture Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Environments

Build Tomorrows Society

information management/informatics rare earth metals criminology clean energy green retrofits of buildings

urban planner telecommunications engineer technology consultant spatial information system technician minerals process engineer carbon accounting analyst architect

Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Commerce Bachelor of Environments Bachelor of Science

Love your work Link your interests to the right degree and you can set yourself up for an exciting and in-demand career of the future.

n open doors, for both the individual and the employers business

n develop international networks, which industry values highly

n shape a globally minded, well-rounded, mature individual all qualities in demand by employers

n contribute to productivity gainsn provide exposure to other cultures, laying the building

blocks for understanding business protocols in other cultures and for developing the empathy and patience needed when working with the challenges these pose.

clearly demonstrates a richer experience. Specific job knowledge can be difficult to demonstrate

through education abroad; however all organisations can benefit from graduates with a global perspective, something that students can easily obtain by observing and reflecting on what goes on around them.

The Australian Government strongly supports the mobility of university students and has a Study Overseas portal to help them (see box below).

Australian employers, large or small, public or private, trade or profession, are looking for people who can contribute to their competitiveness in a globally connected world to join their teams. This is backed up by recent surveys of Australian employers that found an overseas study experience is becoming more valued by organisations, as the skills gained through studying overseas are important building blocks for understanding business protocols in other cultures.

According to the Australian Government, employers believe an international experience has the potential to:

The question for many Australian university students is not whether they will be having an international experience, but where, and how many. Some will want a new educational opportunity or the ability to gain a different perspective, others will want to improve a second language, get a cross-cultural understanding or simply want to travel.

Increasingly, students are also becoming aware that undertaking an overseas experience will give them an advantage that will kick-start their career. A student mobility experience on your resume will usually attract an employers attention, but often it isnt until the interview that an employer will see your international experience as a career boost. If you can articulate how you have used your international experience to obtain the knowledge, skills and abilities required by the employer, youll have a real edge over your competitors.

A survey of employers conducted by Graduate Careers Australia showed that over the last few years employers continued to seek the same top three skills from their employees interpersonal and communication skills topped the list, followed by passion, drive and commitment, and finally, critical reasoning and analytical or technical skills.

Obviously, these skills can be attained at home or overseas, but the ability of a returned student to articulate how he or she developed these skills when managing a class project in Beijing or a research assignment in Vancouver

The University of Melbourne sends students to partner institutions in more than 170 countries through its student exchange program, as well as helping students take up clinical, teaching and other industry-based

placements globally. A growing suite of University of Melbourne overseas subjects are also available for credit. The federal governments Study Overseas Portal: www.studyoverseas.gov.au

STUdY OvERSEAS

In 2012, more than 20% of Australian undergraduate students will have completed an international experience as part of their degree. Nigel Cossar, Associate Director, Global Mobility Programs, University of Melbourne

Get Mobile, get Ahead

A growing profession at the heart of all this is health and biomedical informatics. This is all about the acquisition, storage, retrieval and use of information that can be utilised for health services, and the design and management of information systems that will consequently improve healthcare. Health and biomedical informatics crosses over into at least four fields of research health science, knowledge management, computer science and information

science.Several of the project areas being

investigated involve healthcare services that traditionally relied on human, face-to-face interaction to observe and engage with people. They involve developing smart homes for the elderly; developing an interactive system that addresses the needs of youths with mental health issues resulting from isolation; and tele-health, where a monitoring system integrated with a webcam or mobile phone provides information that must be stored and

managed so an appropriate response can be given to the patient.

Its already an information-heavy world, but with the arrival of the NBN, managing information will be a vital skill much in demand.

through their improved ability to trade online and keep up in a globally connected world; and the Australian Government estimates that, by 2020, more than 12% of employees will be working from home at least part of the week.

The challenge for a new generation of students and researchers is to develop ways to make best use of the network. At the Institute for a Broadband-Enabled Society (IBES), researchers are investigating the barriers and the potential of high-speed broadband for Australian business and society. Based at the University of Melbourne, the IBES collaborates with several faculties, other institutes and industry.

With Australias ageing population, the rise in chronic disease and the spiralling cost of healthcare, health and wellbeing is an important theme for IBES but it doesnt just involve health professionals. More than 50 researchers from areas ranging from architecture, computer science, information systems, mechanical engineering, physiotherapy and social work are looking at: ways to improve aged care services; support for youth mental health and wellbeing; the adoption of personal electronic health records; and opportunities for remote healthcare.

T he construction of the National Broadband Network (NBN), scheduled for completion in 2020, will directly employ at least 15,000 people. Many of these jobs will be in the technical trades, but skilled professionals in information and communications technology (ICT) and geographic information systems (GIS) will also be needed for roles such as network mapping.

The rollout of the NBN, which has already begun in selected areas, is just the beginning of a change that will reshape the way we live, learn and work. Geography will no longer play as big a role in the services Australians can or cant receive; there will be greater access to a world of education and entertainment; small businesses will thrive

BUSINESS and I.T.

Ready new internet The National Broadband Network means so much more than fast internet. It will bring some of the biggest changes to the way our society and workplaces operate since the introduction of the internet itself.

for the

FactInformation technology

drives 78% of productivity

gains in services and

businesses, and 85%

in manufacturing.

Prime Minister Julia

Gillard, 2011.

A healthcare application performing real-time health monitoring, running on a smartphone.

Make it

happenMaster of Information Systems, Master of Information Technology, Master of Science, Master of Engineering

Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Commerce

FIrST DEGrEEGrADUATE STUDY OpTIOnS

Prior to cloud, businesses would have to buy software in CD form, often for thousands of dollars upfront, load it onto their servers and use it that way, says University of Melbourne marketing lecturer and Webreep founder, Dr Brent Coker. Now, cloud Software as a Solution (SaaS) tools, such as the analytics tools Webreep.com offers, allow businesses to use software through a browser via a monthly subscription and cancel when they wish.

Microsoft, Google and Amazon have been offering cloud-based services for years and as more companies move to the cloud, more jobs are being created. According to a study by International Data Corporation (IDC), cloud computing will generate 14 million jobs by 2015, and many of these jobs wont necessarily be in IT.

A common misperception is cloud computing is a job eliminator, but in truth it will be a job creator a major one, said the IDC studys author, John Gantz. And job growth will occur across continents and throughout organisations of all sizes, because emerging markets, small cities and small businesses have the same access to cloud benefits as large enterprises or developed nations.

The University of Melbourne has established a specific cloud

I t is hard to imagine life before the internet a time when research began with library books, phone calls and microfilm, and back-up or storage meant 1.2MB floppy disks. The great advances in information and communications technology in recent years have prompted many to believe that in the future, computing services and solutions will be delivered as a utility. Just like electricity or water, we will simply subscribe to a service and get it. While this utility model has been around since the 1960s, cloud computing means it is now a reality, with more and more companies taking advantage of its many capabilities.

Essentially, cloud computing allows a large number and variety of users to access computing applications and data as a subscription-based service from anywhere in the world at any time over the internet. The benefits to business are numerous from enterprise level down to small-medium enterprises, cloud computing promises efficiency and convenience.

BUSINESS and I.T.

The rapid uptake of cloud computing is set to create a downpour of jobs across a wide range of industries and skill sets.Manisha Lee

Silver liningto the cloud

research and development lab in response to the growing demand for cloud-based services. According to the lab director, Professor Rajkumar Buuya, the future of cloud computing is very, very bright.

By 2020 its going to be a trillion-dollar industry with many applications whether they are in business, science, engineering, public services or social marketing. So many industries will get a boost from the adoption of cloud, he says.

Take engineering. Designing a locomotive or transport system requires a lot of computing power. Cloud can harness multiple computers in a network say 1,000 computers at once which speeds up computation and reduces time to design and market.

Then theres healthcare, says Prof. Buuya. The [federal] government announced that it is going to invest in e-health initiatives to deliver healthcare services online, which will be hosted on cloud. For example, a patient whose heartbeat needs monitoring might wear a wristwatch with integrated heartbeat sensors. The data collected will then be sent to cloud using their mobile device. All their healthcare data

Make it

happenMaster of I.T. (Distributed) or Engineering

Master of Engineering (Software).Bachelor of Science

(Computing Software Systems)

FIrST DEgrEEgraDuaTE STuDy opTIonS

The skills that will be in great demand to fill all the newly created cloud roles range from cloud computing foundation parallel computing and distributed systems to software engineering and programming skills. Integrating sensor applications (such as the heartbeat monitoring wristwatch) will also be highly regarded, as well as creating applications for mobile devices, or what is now described as the app economy.

The application industry will be even larger than the technology industry, Prof. Buuya says. There will be employment opportunities in every area where cloud is applicable.

and history will also be stored on cloud, and an application for ECG [electrocardiogram] analysis can take all this data into consideration and provide health guidance and diagnostics.

Technical expertise in cloud computing alone wont necessarily be enough to secure a role in the industry. The IDC study identifies three industries expected to generate the most cloud-related jobs: communications and media, banking, and discrete manufacturing. With such a variety of industries set to benefit from cloud, people with inter-disciplinary skills will be highly sought.

We could build the cloud technology for a bank, but ultimately we need someone who understands the needs of the banking industry to be able to design a tailored solution, Prof. Buuya says. Having cloud experience as well as domain knowledge in a particular field will be essential.

reuben Bond Bachelor of Software Engineering Software Engineer Microsoft, redmond, uSa

Many opportunities exist in the U.S. tech industry, with several companies recruiting from Australian universities.There is a growing community of Australians at Microsoft, so you never have to feel too far away from home, says Reuben. He says he had plenty of opportunity to learn about and connect with industry during his degree, with guest lecturers talking to students about running startups, working on anti-malware at Microsoft, and intellectual property rights, among other things. I also undertook two year-long team projects, which involved liaising with real customers to elicit requirements for a software engineering assignment, which we then drove through engineering best practices to completion (through long, exhausting, fun-filled hours in our labs).At Microsoft, Reuben is involved in writing and testing product code and tools, critically evaluating design plans and writing quality assurance plans, and debugging issues.The best part is giving input into one of the worlds largest cloud services. I dive deep into the inner workings of our product to find and solve issues before they hit production, and have the opportunity to work with people from all over the organisation to collaboratively integrate our products and services, he says.

BUSINESS and I.T.

The Aneka platform, developed at the University of Melbourne,

is already being used by major international organisations.

Figures8.8mIn the period 20132016,

the number of new jobs

created by cloud computing

will surpass 8.8 million.

IDC

$400bIn 2011 IT cloud services

helped organisations of

all sizes around the world

generate more than $400

billion in revenue and 1.5

million new jobs. IDC

interest and low-interest loan providers, savings programs aimed at low-income families, financial education programs and enterprise development programs.

Microfinance started in the 1970s when the first social entrepreneurs believed that people could get out of poverty if they were given some support. Professor Muhammad Yunus was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for his work in this area. He showed that well-structured loans for low-income people had very high repayment rates, and the social benefits were vast. Initially, the aim of microfinance was to decrease poverty and most work in the area involved non-government organisations (NGOs) working in partnership with the public sector and microfinance

Microfinance refers to a system whereby low-income people, households or communities are provided with access to basic financial services such as small loans, insurance, savings, superannuation and financial advice. It also helps groups or organisations that would usually be excluded from mainstream finance.

In Australia, microfinance still has a limited role; however, programs are available to assist low-income individuals and families and indigenous communities. There are some no-

BUSINESS and I.T.

Theres a growing movement to use finance and business skills to help give everyone in the world the right to be respected as someone who can contribute to society.Ana Penteado

Think

big,aim small

Make it

happenMaster of Commerce (Finance), Master of Management (Finance), Master of FinanceBachelor of Commerce

FIrST DEgrEE graDuaTE STuDy opTIonS

A shoemaker who opened his business with the help of

microcredit, in the old town of Marrakesh in Medina, Morocco.

philanthropists. Some sit on the board of directors of such organisations, where they can offer guidance and determine the most appropriate finance model for each organisation.

Entry-level jobs in this area usually involve research, filling out reports and working with very limited staff to find ways to request and coordinate financial assistance. Volunteer and non-profit experience would be valuable, as well as a knowledge of finance, marketing or social work.

Microfinance has many facets, but its essence lies in the ultimate goal of eradicating poverty and giving everyone equal chances to fight it and succeed. This gives new professionals a chance to work in an area that is fulfilling for its

social role, while dealing with complex business models where the profit and not-for-profit areas merge.

Microfinance revolves around the principle that everyone in the world should have the right to be respected as a citizen who can work and be included, not only in the financial system, but in society as whole.

banks. This situation has evolved to some non-profit organisations becoming profit-oriented to guarantee their sustainability in the long term, opening a vast range of job opportunities in addition to those in the social-related, charity-based area.

In terms of international development, Australia is increasingly recognising the need to assist less privileged countries, and programs such as the Melbourne Microfinance Initiative (MMI) are set to help with this. MMI is the first and largest microfinance organisation based at an Australian university, where students give their expertise in microfinance to communities in developing countries. It was founded in 2010 at the Faculty of Business and Economics at the University of Melbourne, and works in partnership programs with NGOs in Ghana, Kenya, Cambodia and Vietnam.

The initiative provides financial education, microloans and financial consulting services and aims to invest in social projects, education and improve knowledge to increase means of production in farming, processing methods and potential exports.

Various career opportunities exist in the microfinance area, which requires broader social science knowledge as well as a knowledge of finance. In the case of initiatives in developing countries, knowledge of local languages and customs is also required. Above all, most professionals involved in this area truly believe that poverty can be eradicated, giving their careers more meaningful goals than those offered by traditional jobs in the finance area.

Another career path associated with microfinance is assisting venture entrepreneurs investors or businesspeople who support the expansion of microbusinesses. This is a challenging area, since these investors usually expect higher returns as the risks taken are bigger.

In the field of venture philanthropy, the focus is on not-for-profit, charity, social or socially driven commercial

organisations working on venture capital business models. This area can be very complex and changeable it started with the traditional start-up grants, but those have been criticised as not sustainable.

More modern models offer funding that is performance-based, while others still only offer growth capital to already established social enterprises, but they all tend to have more involvement and engagement from the venture

BUSINESS and I.T.

John

Wou

dtsr

a/AL

AMY

Fernando Tamayo Bachelor of Commerce root Capital, peruFernando came from his home in Peru to study at the

Faculty of Business and Economics in 2008 after he won the A.G. Whitlam Scholarship. After being inspired when he attended a seminar by Hugh Evans, founder of the Oaktree Foundation, Fernando decided he wanted to be a social investment banker. He also took the opportunity of going

to theUniversityofPennsylvania on exchange, where he learned about microfinancing.When he returned to Australia, he decided he wanted to set up an organisation in this area and founded the Melbourne Micro Finance Initiative (MMI), the first organisation of its kind in Australia. MMI forms consultancy teams and works with partnerships and NGOs dealing with microfinance projects across the globe. The consultancy teams provide their knowledge and experience to

ensure microfinance initiatives are more efficient. In 2011, Fernando graduated and went back to Peru, where he now works with a social investment bank and with communities to check if they are using bank loans properly. Fernando has been back to Australia to give his Lessons from the Poor talk, in which he aims to inspire and raise awareness of the issues involved in microfinance and also to challenge some ideas around poor people being natural entrepreneurs.

Counting cash at a microfinance group

meeting in Iloilo, the Philippines.

iSTO

CK

While the increasing presence of the internet and social media raises new areas of specialisation for legal professionals, its incorrect to say that this is a new area of law. We might think of social media as relatively new, but from a legal perspective the issues it brings up are just a modern extension of age-old legal concepts such as copyright, free speech, defamation, confidentiality and duty of care. Online, as in the real world, these are laws with very real consequences.

Consequently, businesses will need to get up to speed by defining their social media policy. Poorly managed or non-existent management of social media use now makes for risky business.

The most obvious issue to employers is often decreased productivity through overuse of social networks sites in work time, but what happens after hours also counts. A big concern is inappropriate conduct that can negatively affect brands or may lead to bullying and harassment. In this regard, the law doesnt always consider comments you make in your own

BUSINESS and I.T.

The days of the internet as the Wild West of media are over. Online content and social media users are increasingly being brought into line with the law and workplace contracts.

law at work

Social media

Business analytics refers to the use of statistical techniques to investigate and explore business data to gain insights and understand business performance.

It is used to better understand the preferences and behaviours of customers, to predict demand for products and optimise supply chains, and to analyse social networking data to determine public sentiments and opinions.

Business analytics has been around for many years. As technology and consumer behaviour has

time on your own social networking page as private. In a landmark case, the tribunal Fair Work Australia upheld

a decision by the director of an electronics company who sacked an employee after the employee made abusive remarks about a co-worker on a social network site, even though the comments were posted on the applicants social network page at home and outside work hours. The decision highlighted the fact that all interactions with co-workers, regardless of where they take place, can still result in the termination of an employmentcontractif a person does not conform to what is considered appropriate workplace behaviour.

Similarly, employees discussing confidential information (whether deliberate or not) through social networking sites have been accused of being in breach of their contracts and even defamatory.

Theres also bad news for employees who want to bring down former co-workers or employers by trolling their social media pages. Recent legislative changes have meant that stalking laws in each state may be applied. For example, the stalking laws in Victorias Crimes Act may be able to be applied, preventing an individual from visiting another persons social media page.

As social media and the internet have led to new ways of conducting business and interacting with others, the law has evolved to cover issues such as forming contracts via social media, serving legal documents via social media, improved protection of copyright interests, plus the need to respect the copyright of others (as the arrest of Megaupload.com executives proved).

Legal professionals will be required to help businesses develop policies that include a definition of appropriate social media use (in and outside of work hours) and the consequences of inappropriate use; a ruling on what privacy should (or more likely, should not) be expected if there is a sufficient connection to the workplace; and a clear statement of the obligations around the use of confidential information. It all makes for interesting times for specialists in this area.

Make it

happenJuris DoctorBachelor of arts or Bachelor of Commerce

FIrST DEgrEE graDuaTE STuDy opTIonS

BUSINESS and I.T.

georgette apostolopoulos Master of Law (Ip) Senior Manager, Ip policy, Department of Treasury and Finance, VictoriaIm responsible for developing Intellectual

Property (IP) policy for the Victorian government how it uses third-party IP and how we share IP with the public. Were looking at the availability of government data through technology, so it can be shared through mobile phones and online services, using the least-restrictive model.A review of the Commonwealths Copyright Act is underway at the moment, looking at IP laws and whether they need to be revised. [At the moment] you might jump

on the website of a newspaper and print an article. That technically is a reproduction without permission and a breach of the Act. I think the new approach will be more relaxed, with more exceptions.Ive given presentations on professional presence online. Students trying to find jobs in law firms need to be mindful of the privacy settings in the social media they use, and, if they have Facebook, their profile photo. If its you with three glasses of alcohol, itll probably be held against you.Technically thats discrimination, but people will form a view. We judge people based on what they wear at a job interview. Similarly, people will judge your online profile.

Overloaded with information from new means of communication and purchasing, businesses will need people to make sense of it all. Graeme Shanks, Australian Professorial Fellow in the Department of Information Systems, University of Melbourne

Make sense for dollars

evolved, so too has this field. For example, large telecommunication companies analyse mobile device usage patterns today to optimise mobile phone plans and pricing.

Organisations have gained benefits and competitive advantage with business analytics by establishing large, high-quality and integrated databases, having highly skilled business analytics professionals, and encouraging the innovative use of data in decision-making.

Recent trends, including the widespread use of sensor devices, social networking and smartphones with GPS, have led to the generation of enormous amounts of potentially useful data.

The term big data refers to the massive databases that will be required to store and make use of this data.

Many industry experts predict that business analytics and big data will be increasingly important strategically for organisations. It will be enable them to gain competitive advantage by generating useful

insights more quickly and effectively than their competitors.

A shortage of skilled people in business analytics is expected. Professionals who have extensive knowledge of statistics and data analysis and who also know how to generate and

apply insights within business will be in demand. There will also be a need for people who know how to

communicate these insights so they can be effectively used within the business. As such, business analytics is not just a back room activity it also offers exciting opportunities for creative and innovative people.

BUSINESS and I.T.

Make it

happenMaster of Information Systems or

Master of Information TechnologyBachelor of Science (Informatics)

or Bachelor of Commerce

FIrST DEgrEEgraDuaTE STuDy opTIonS

2010. This year, a new headquarters worth $590 million will open up in Canberra.

These agencies are involved in supporting military operations, protecting maritime borders and detecting terrorist activities in Australia and the wider region. As border protection and intelligence agencies such as the Australian Crime Commission, Australian Federal Police and Australian Customs and Border Protection Service become bigger, more criminologists are working in the field as data analysts, intelligence officers and researchers alongside investigators and uniformed personnel.

Professor Alison Young, a lecturer in criminology at the University of Melbourne School of Social and Political Science,

Today, especially with the huge growth in intelligence agencies, there are many tantalising opportunities to go beyond the TV screen and join in the challenge to outsmart criminals and prevent security threats and antisocial behaviour.

The Australian Government now spends more than $1 billion a year on Australias six intelligence agencies, which includes the domestic security agency ASIO and the foreign intelligence service ASIS, as well as the Defence Intelligence Organisation (DIO), the Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organisation (DIGO), the Defence Signals Directorate (DSD) and the Office of National Assessments (ONA).

ASIO alone grew by a whopping 471% between 2001 and

From Sherlock Holmes to Lisbeth Sandler in The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, there is no shortage of role models tackling criminal behaviour.Misa Han

points out that criminology covers a much broader area of study than what we see on television crime shows.

TV shows tend to focus on forensic scientists or forensic psychologists, which are very specialised sub-sets of criminology, so TV represents a very narrow version of what criminology involves. Most criminology graduates will never find themselves working in a crime scene, for example.

Prof. Young defines criminology as the study of crime and the ways in which society responds to crime. She says it is interested in how and why certain behaviours are defined as criminal, how we measure the nature and extent of crime, why crime occurs and how crime is represented in popular culture. Criminology also studies how society deals with crime through

SOCIETY & CULTURE

Behindthe crime

Veer

working for government in areas such as housing, welfare, treasury and finance and, of course, criminal justice. Others enter the criminal justice system as professionals, often at management levels in various agencies or institutions.

Criminologists also work in social justice in areas such as policing drugs,

rehabilitation and domestic violence. Those interested in social justice issues, at home or abroad, might find employment in a non-governmental agency or social welfare agency, for example the Brotherhood of St Laurence, the Salvation Army, Amnesty and so on, Prof. Young says. Others have become policy analysts, working for organisations such as the Australian Institute for Family Studies, or the Australian Institute of Criminology in Canberra. Criminology is also a popular foundation for a law degree, and many students go on to study law at the graduate level.

Opportunities are also opening up in the private sector as high-tech crimes such as computer hacking threaten corporate security and consulting companies are commissioned to provide specialist services for the prevention of corporate theft and fraud.

Pursuing a career in criminology takes imagination beyond what you see on the TV screen, and it can be a rewarding path whether you thwart terrorist attempts on the front line or police criminal behaviour behind the scenes.

the criminal justice system and other social institutions.Criminology students have a much broader range of study

than these shows imply, Prof. Young says. At Melbourne, the curriculum covers topics such as crime and public policy, global and international criminality such as people-trafficking and organ trafficking, and problems of state-based violence such as genocide, along with the more traditional areas of study such as policing and criminal law.

Prof. Young says that criminology is inherently a multi-disciplinary area that involves contributions from law, the social and behavioural disciplines such as psychology and sociology, psychiatry, history, philosophy and statistics, among others. In this way, criminology shares similarities with disciplines such as law and politics, while at the same time, the focus is on helping or supporting particular groups of people.

Criminology graduates may become social workers later, but might equally follow quite different career paths, such as law, journalism, policy analysis or academia, Prof. Young says.

Some criminology graduates join the public service,

Make it

happenMaster of Criminology, Master of Social Work, Juris DoctorBachelor of Arts

FirSt Degree grADuAte StuDy optionS

Zoe Butler Master of Criminology Detective, Victoria policeZoe Butler works as a detective attached to the

Sexual Offences and Child Abuse Investigation Team (SOCIT) unit of Victoria Police. At the same time, she is completing her Master of Criminology at the University of Melbourne. I chose criminology as it can have direct relevance to my work, but it also covers areas such as drug policy, human rights and terrorism which I simply find interesting and a break from the area I deal with every day, she says.In my line of work it is easy to get caught up in the day-to-day details of the justice system such as specific offences, arresting offenders and trying to get them to court. I enjoy the challenge of trying to understand the bigger picture.It is challenging to think about the theoretical basis and broader aspects of the criminal justice system when on a day-to-day basis I deal with how those policies and decisions actually play out.Zoe says that through doing the course she has discovered a new appreciation for the people who shape and influence legal policy and the extent of the gap that exists between the policy makers/advisers and those who end up feeling the impact at a street level.

Veer

SOCIETY & CULTURE

T he most intellectually engaging and challenging aspect of working in the aid and development sector is its diversity. According to the Australian Council for International Developments Facts About Australian Aid publication, aid and development are delivered through: n bilateral aid (including large regional development

schemes); n multilateral aid (work based around the aid for trade

principle);n emergency humanitarian relief (for example doing pro-

bono nursing after the Thailand floods);n partnerships with non-government organisations

(NGOs) for example, coordinating construction of houses following an earthquake).

These programs are not necessarily government-focussed they are actually mostly delivered by well-known NGOs, such as World Vision.

The area of careers in aid and development is an exciting and fast-growing one that has received much more serious attention from government, private and not-for-profit sectors

in recent years. Since the recommitment of the international community to the Millennium Development Goals to halve poverty by 2015 and the local emphasis on ensuring 0.7% of Australian GDP is dedicated to aid, there is and will be large demand for workers and volunteers. This is despite the delaying of money for overseas aid and development in Australias 201213 Federal Budget.

Jemma Parsons worked for AusAID in Indonesia on the Learning Assistance Program for Islamic Schools (LAPIS) for six months. While there she helped prepare curricula for Indonesian high-school students. Once she finished the program, she decided to pursue a Master of Development Studies at the University of Melbourne, knowing the universitys reputation for helping globally aware youth develop conceptual skills they can use in the aid and development sector.

The University of Melbourne and AusAID have many professional linkages, including regular career programs at the university, an alumni program for alumni from the Ambassadors for the Youth Development Program and

Care Polly Banks Program Coordinator with Save the Children, Australia Bachelor of Arts w(Journalism) Bachelor of International Relations Master of Development Studies Polly coordinates the Youth Engagement Program in the West Kimberley region of Western Australia for Save the Children Australia, whose work focusses on securing the rights of children to a happy and safe life. The program I manage employs nine casual youth workers and includes a night patrol to engage with at-risk young people on the streets of Broome. My role involves me identifying and applying for funding, managing and supporting a team, collecting data about the project and its participants for reporting and referral purposes, promoting the project in the local media and planning local events that engagethe projects target audience.Polly originally hoped to pursue a career in journalism, but after completing her undergraduate degree she began volunteering at a small homeless shelter in Melbourne while looking for a media job, and discovered an affinity with that area. Soon I began a Master of Development Studies at the University of Melbourne and applied for a number of internships so that I could build up the skills and knowledge to work in this sector.I did both a domestic internship in Melbournewith World Vision and an international internship in New York with the UN, both of which contributed to credit points for my Masters. I was also supported to do my thesis (on Public Place Dwelling of Aboriginal Young People) in the field while I was working for Save the Children in the East Kimberley Region of WA. I only visited my supervisor once in Melbourne. The rest of the timewe communicated by phone and email. This allowed me to continue working in the area I love while also completing an essential part of my studies.

Aid and development is about helping people help themselves. This challenging but rewarding sector provides limitless opportunities for people from all kinds of professional backgrounds.Tom Neale

- a part of career

professional networking opportunities. The Department of Employment, Education and Workplace Relations also runs a program called the Australia Awards for Development, which are a number of scholarships supporting aid and development programs for undergraduates and postgraduates.

Working in the aid and development sector helps you develop interpersonal skills such as the ability to network as well as conceptual skills such as the ability to critique a policy or administrative process, which are highly valued by Australian and international employers. Most travel opportunities in the Australian aid and development sector are in the Asia-Pacific region as Australias local neighbours receive the majority of aid money, including $558.1 million for Indonesia and $482 million for Papua New Guinea.

Degree requirements for the aid and development sector are particular to the area you are interested in joining. The policy-related programs for the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and AusAID normally recruit students taking any degrees, whereas the graduate program for the Department of Climate Changes international stream generally hires Juris Doctor students with some knowledge and/or exposure to environmental law. If you are interested in working in the private sector, prior knowledge and/or work experience in the industry area will be an advantage. For example, if you want to work in micro-finance, businesses will usually require excellent mathematical and reasoning skills as well as knowledge of the relevant country.

Matthew Ampt

Bachelor of Arts

In 2012, Matthew travelled

to East Timor representing

the Oaktree Foundation,

Australias largest youth-run aid and

development organisation. As part of a

nine-member delegation, he met with

NGOs, government officials, community

leaders and local youth. A scholarship from

the Faculty of Arts at the University of

Melbourne helped him with his expenses.

The trip deepened our understanding

of aid and development issues and was

an opportunity to build sustainable

partnerships that would allow us

to improve the quality of our own

development work, Matthew says.

We quickly learnt that simply giving

money and aid was not good enough.

What is important is giving effective aid.

In Dili (the capital), we saw how foreign

aid could be wasted on highly paid expat

consultants and projects that benefited

the donor countries more than it did

Timor.

It was surprising to see how politicised

such a young nation could be, he says.

In Aileu, we were lucky enough to see the

work of one of Oaktrees funding partner

organisations. We visited a number of

small businesses that had been set up

with the help of vocational training and

small amounts of capital. One business

in particular, a bakery, was providing

jobs for over 15 local youths. What was

most impressive, however, was how an

aid program like this could empower and

change people. These young people,

with the tools and knowledge to build a

successful business, were passionate and

excited about their futures.

Jennifer Butcher helps develop new water filtration techniques with the Ilahita

community in Papua New Guinea as part of an expedition partially funded by

the Melbourne University Credit Union Dreamlarge Student Engagement Grant.

Make it

happenMaster of Development Studies, Juris DoctorBachelor of Arts or Bachelor of environments


a s Assistant High Commissioner of the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), Erika Feller oversees the protection of 34 million refugees, internally displaced and stateless people through the development of UN policies and legal procedures. Her position requires an understanding of international law and global displacement trends, but she always keeps her focus on refugees as individuals.

Youre actually quite close to the impact of what you do, which can be quite immediate and quite dramatic, she says.

Humanitarianism is Fellers passion, but she didnt discover this until years after graduating in 1972 with a Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Psychology, and Bachelor of Law with Honours.

During my final year of studies I was quite taken by people I met from the Department of Foreign Affairs, as it was known then, who encouraged me to act on a kind of intuitive feeling I had about where I wanted to go in life, she says.

She was accepted into a graduate position at the Department of Foreign Affairs and a diplomatic posting in Berlin.

When my posting ended, I was sent back to Australia, she says. There I was in Canberra as a married woman with an eight-month-old baby...

The Australian Government supported her request to be seconded to the UNHCR in Geneva for six months.

We had a second child and things developed. Soon I was

posted with UNHCR to Malaysia, where I served for three-and-a-half years, she says.

She now monitors the movement and treatment of refugees around the world.

Australia has a program of over 13,000 humanitarian places of which 6,000 are made available to UNHCR to fill with UNHCR-referred refugees in need. This makes Australia one of the biggest resettlement countries in the world, along with the US and Canada, she says.

She recommends that students gain a breadth of knowledge and interests, and some experience working overseas, in order to have the best chance of working for an organisation such as the UN.

I can certainly say, based on my own experience both as a graduate and now, that internships with international organisations like the UN are fundamentally important to potential employers, she says. They demonstrate a breadth of interest and skills development, particularly if they

are different and rather challenging internships. They show that people have a preparedness to reach out and be a bit more adventurous, she says.

Feller also points out that leadership can come through the pursuit of a passion, rather than being a career goal in itself.

Ive always believed that the most honest and rewarding path to leadership is to do something you really like and committing yourself to it not by lobbying and exerting whatever influence you have or through who you know, she says.

ChangingLivesIt may be a clich to say you want to do something for the good of humankind, but for Erika Feller, every day can involve making decisions that will bring positive change to thousands of lives.

FactAt the end of 2011, 25.9 million of

the worlds 42.5 million displaced

people were receiving protection

or assistance from UNHCR.

To learn more about UNHCR in Australia, visitwww.unhcr.org.au.Make it

happenexecutive Master of Arts, Master of international relations, Master of public policy & Management, Juris Doctor, phDBachelor of Arts


Pakistani internally displaced people (IDPs) grab for ice in the hot sun at the Chota Lahore relief camp in Swabi, Pakistan,

which houses thousands of people.

SOCIETY & CULTURE

SOCIETY & CULTURE

Lucinda Hartley is a landscape architect with development experience across Australia, Asia and the Pacific, including positions with the UN, AusAID and Habitat for Humanity. Lucinda co-founded CoDesign (Community Oriented Design) studio, a non-profit social enterprise with expertise in architecture, landscape architecture, planning and design. She also represents the Asia-Pacific region on the Youth Advisory Board of UN-Habitat.

Lucinda initially moved to Vietnam in 2008 to work with the Asian Coalition of Housing Rights on resettlement and upgrading of slums and informal settlements. As an Australian landscape architect, she found this was an opportunity to explore linkages between professional design and community development, and to build relationships between organisations in Australia and Asia. Now back in Australia, she continues to maintain an involvement with projects in the region and locally in Australia through CoDesign studio. A recent project is CoDesigns collaboration with youth mental health service providers to transform a local mental health support facility in Frankston, bringing health professionals and some of the young beneficiaries of the centre together to co-design a youth-friendly environment.

The exciting part about this project is that we are seeing

Make it

happenMaster of Landscape Architecture,

Master of Architecture, Master of engineeringBachelor of environments

or Bachelor of Science

FirSt DegreegrADuAte StuDy optionS

Architects, engineers and designers can play a key role in building a future for disadvantaged communities around the world, just as University of Melbourne graduate Lucinda Hartley has.

Building a future the ideas and vision of the young people using the centre come to life, and they are gaining skills and confidence in how to shape their environment, says Lucinda. Working with so many different cultures is a career

highlight. It reinforces to me that there are no right and wrong ways of going about problem solving, just differences that we can all learn from, she says. I find design is a powerful tool to work across cultures and working visually can often help to overcome language/cultural barriers.

Through CoDesign, Lucinda is focussing on building connections between young professionals and communities in Australia and Asia.

Design education is generally focussed on aesthetic outcomes, without much training in community engagement, yet young professionals often find themselves working alongside communities without any preparation in capacity building or cross-cultural communication, she says. This can lead to outcomes that are unsustainable. CoDesign offers professional development training in participatory design; it also gives professionals from Australia and Asia the opportunity to work together on grass-roots projects.

In 2010, CoDesign Studio partnered with Global Citizens for Sustainable Development (GCSD), a Bangalore-based NGO working to increase the dialogue between young people across cultures. The resultant program was WE BUILD, which brings young people from Australia and India together to work on hands-on building projects in Bangalore.

While CoDesigns projects have tangible outcomes such as improving educational opportunities, an overriding aim is to improve the capacity of designers to engage with communities, sparking long-term change. Design has enormous leverage in shaping the world, says Lucinda. By shaping designers, and the way they think, we can create a better world.

Considering a career in the arts?Your future is waiting for you at Australias World Standard UniversityYear 10 or 11 may seem light years away from university, but its a great time to start doing some research about your options, starting with what subjects or training youll need to consider if your dream career is to become a reality.


If your dream is to pursue a career in the arts, follow the links to the Bachelor of Fine Arts webpage to find out about the many career options, pathways and scholarships available.


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Jemila MacEwan, Postgraduate Diploma Visual Art 2011. Artwork: Totem, discarded clothing. Image by Drew Echberg.

SOCIETY & CULTURE

Both professional and amateur sports can involve a range of legal issues, from the gambling policies on Melbourne Cup Day to a breach of anti-doping rules during the AFL season. Sports law covers most of the big legal issues, including property, intellectual property, competition law, negligence, corporate governance, employment law, health and medical law and dispute resolution.

The entry of big commercial players in the sports industry means that now many large law firms advise sporting organisations as part of their media and entertainment practice. For example, Allens Arthur Robinson acted for the International Olympic Committee and the International Rugby Board regarding the broadcasting rights during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 2007 Rugby World Cup. Today even smaller law firms such as Browne & Co and Lander & Rogers have dedicated sports law teams, while an increasing number of large sporting organisations such as the AFL now have in-house counsels at both managerial and senior executive levels.

Robert Macdonald, Senior Fellow at Melbourne Law School

and lecturer in sports law, predicts that there will be more jobs in sports law in the next 10 to 20 years.

Sport is being increasingly regulated by governments and by itself in fields such as anti-doping, anti-corruption and match-fixing, sport dispute resolution and the medico-legal interaction.

At the domestic level, larger sports will continue to grow their in-house legal departments, while smaller sports will require the expertise of legal practitioners because they wont be able to afford in-house counsel. Meanwhile, international sporting organisations are continually expanding their regulatory frameworks.

Many practitioners with sports law expertise will move into the management structure of sporting organisations, while others may move into larger consulting, accounting and marketing firms that have sporting groups; plus there are many smaller firms that specialise in a particular sport-related issue. Students of sports law could also end up practising in the wider entertainment and events industry or working for a larger consulting organisation which gives

you the necessary skills to work across many industries.Robert Macdonald thinks Australias passion for sports

plays a large role in the growth in the field.Australia is a small market, but sport is an all-pervasive

part of our culture. Even the local football and netball clubs need legal advice from time to time, he says.

The best way to get into the sports industry is to be a part of it at a local level. Play your favourite sport, join a committee, take up opportunities to be involved in the decision-making of a team, club, competition or governing body.

Sport has a certain mystique, he says. There will be no shortage of candidates for positions either as a sports lawyer or a sport manager. So make sure you have the necessary combination of training, skill and experience to be able to capitalise upon opportunities to turn your enthusiasm into a professional career.

Make it

happenMaster of Laws (specialising in Sports Law),

Master of Commercial Law (specialising in Sports Law)

grADuAte StuDy optionS

Earlier this year, when the father of her rival intimidated her during the qualifying events for the London Olympics, Australias fourth-ranking archery contestant initiated a fight in the courtroom one of many examples of where sport meets law.Misa Han

Fair play

their characters Pixar specialises in CGI, The Simpsons is created using 2D hand-drawn digital ink and paint techniques while Nick Parks Wallace & Gromit and Adam Elliots characters are three-dimensional stop-motion claymations.

The Australian animation industry has enjoyed many successes, including Academy Awards for George Millers Happy Feet (2006), Adam Elliots Harvey Krumpet (2004) and Shaun Tans The Lost Thing (2010).

Animation graduates find work across all screen industries from interface and web design to CGI characters, from web animations to animated cut scenes for computer games. The opportunities are many.

all over the world.Animation is also often used to educate and

train across a range of areas, including the military, industry and medicine.

The craft of animated storytelling places content above form. It doesnt matter if the images are created by hand-drawn animation, CGI, clay animation, stop-motion or other processes from Hollywood animated blockbusters such as Pixars Brave to TV series such as The Simpsons and independent animation such as Adam Elliots Harvey Krumpet, it is the story that ultimately engages the audience.

Whats more, these examples are not just different in their scale of production, they also use different techniques to animate

The invention of the cinematograph camera in the 1890s meant the exploration of animated images expanded dramatically to a point where animation became a significant art form within the discipline of film. The Golden Age of animation is defined by some as beginning from the time of the creation of the Disney and Warner Bros. studios a period when the first feature-length animated stories were introduced to screens around the world.

The introduction of television in the 1950s brought another avenue for animation to reach audiences. The advent of the internet and new media technologies then brought possibilities never anticipated by those early pioneers.

Animated images now populate web pages, mobile phones, computer interfaces and computer games in fact, all conceivable forms of screen content. Whether they are feature-film length, a television series, an online story or short creative works, they capture audiences imaginations

SOCIETY & CULTURE

In the age of new media, animation, whether hand-drawn or computer-generated, is an art form that is not just surviving its flourishing. David Price, Head, School of Film and Television, Victorian College of the Arts

The storysthe draw

Make it

happenMaster of Film and television, Master of Screenwriting, Master of Fine Arts (Film and television)Bachelor of Fine Arts (Animation, Screenwriting)


FactsIn 2013 the VCA

School of Film

and Television

will introduce the

Bachelor of Fine

Arts (Animation)

a three-year

plus honours

degree that will

continue to build

on the excellence of

animation training

offered by the school

since 1972.

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SOCIETY & CULTURE

True Hollywood stories

Two recent graduates received the call to head to Hollywood, but the scripts for their stories were very different.

elizabeth Debicki Bachelor of Dramatic Art Actor

Barely a year after graduating from the Victorian College of the Arts (VCA), Elizabeth Debicki landed

a dream role opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in Baz Luhrmanns remake of The Great Gatsby.

She began work on the film, her second, in early 2011. Her first film role was as Maureen in the Australian-British comedy A Few Best Men (2012).

I sent in a tape from Australia and tried not to think about it after that, she recalls. I received a phone call about a month later, telling me that Baz would like me to test for the part of Jordan in LA.

As a child Elizabeth loved theatre, music and dancing, which she began doing from a very young age. As she matured, her interest shifted toward the power of the live performance.

There is nothing like the electricity that can be generated in the theatre, she says.

She enrolled at the VCA in 2008 and credits its teaching staff with nurturing her career.

I was taught by some incredible teachers and experienced so many varied styles of theatre training. I was surrounded by amazing, interesting people and took in so much new information every day. It was a very solid, diverse training.

She recalls the actor, director and VCA lecturer Tanya Gerstle, telling the students that everything and everyone has an effect on you when you are in a state of learning and training.

Elizabeth says looking inwards is also important. Nobody can be you, think like you, sound or dance like you, she

says. Sometimes I think as students we can get caught up trying to emulatebut the most powerful thing you have to offer your art form is your individual self.

Max yang Master of Cinema Management Freelance production coordinator

Max Yang turned a passion for cinema into a job. Today, working as a freelancer with a team of close colleagues, he helps foreign film studios that produce Chinese-themed feature films in China.

The big firms know having a film co-produced in China by a Chinese firm makes it more likely to be approved for distribution in mainland China, he says.

We not only help them negotiate these partnerships, assemble local cast and crew, but also help them analyse scripts and give advice on cultural sensitivity.

After completing a Bachelor of Arts at Shanghai University, Max sought out a program that would teach him more than just film production, including how movies are financed and marketed, and even how cinemas operate, he says.He began a Master of Cinema Management at the University of Melbourne in 2005, and halfway through this he went back to Shanghai to work in film, including being production assistant for director Ang Lee for Lust, Caution, and assistant to the producer for The Mummy 3.When he returned to Australia he began an internship at Nova Cinema in Melbourne as part of his studies. This led to ongoing work as the cinemas multifunctional

coordinator, which included the roles of publicist, programmer, graphic compositor and more, he says. Staff at the Faculty of Arts at the University of Melbourne helped him to secure an internship at Universal Studios in Hollywood. He worked there in the distribution and marketing departments for four months before moving back to Shanghai to establish himself in the local industry. Among other jobs, he has assisted American hip-hop singer RZA, who was directing his debut featureThe Man with the Iron Fists (starring Russell Crowe), and coordinated production for the Shanghai shoot of the latest Bond movie, Skyfall.

Make it

happenMaster of Film and television, Master of Screenwriting, Master of Fine Arts (Film and television), Master of Cinema Management, Master of producing, Master of transnational Arts

Bachelor of Fine Arts (Animation, Screenwriting), Bachelor of Fine Arts (Contemporary Music) or Bachelor of Arts


SOCIETY & CULTURE

W hile its true that the most significant orchestral scores for game projects can consist of several hours of music and a team of composers, it must be understood that these are rare examples and involve composers at the pinnacle of the industry. They can, however, be seen as very good examples of what to aspire to.

Another issue is that as video game technology and narrative practices develop, the supporting aspects of games must also develop and this directly effects the musical score. As games are not a form of linear media, traditional linear music (which follows a clear arc that unfolds over time

through melody) can fall short in providing for the needs of a game project. Interactive musical scores and generative music (a term popularised by experimental British musician Brian Eno to describe music that is always changing and is created by a system such as a software program) are growing in popularity as they often suit the needs of game narrative more than a traditional film-type score.

The most important aspect in composing for games in any style is to understand the genre and the dynamics of how games work. If you cant answer the question, What is your favourite game? then you shouldnt be considering this industry as a career path. In the same way a film composer should understand and love film, or an opera composer love opera, a good game composer will be passionate for the genre, rather than just being a musician looking for work.

The games industry is a rapidly growing and constantly evolving one, and its challenges and creative opportunities are worth the effort to achieve, but it would be a mistake to think of it merely as an industry making toys for children. It is a multi-billion dollar industry and as such the expectations are high.

Someone wanting to get into composing for games would be advised to establish a level of maturity as a musician first. Know your craft, develop your skills as a general musician and composer while also understanding the genre by playing and analysing games. Once you have developed your musical chops, then you can focus on developing the skills specific to the industry but be a musician first, as that is your strongest and most important skill set.

Old music, new gameOrchestral music for game projects has certainly grown in prominence and frequency since the early days of the games industry, but it is by no means the only type of music used in the production of video games.Stephan Schutze

FactThe Super Mario Galaxy soundtrack

was composed for a 50-player symphony

orchestra. The composers asked the

orchestra to play at different tempos in

order to perfectly synchronise with the

rest of Marios movement.

iSTO

CK

For examples of orchestral scores for games, see: http://www.stephanschutze.com/scores.html

Make it

happenMaster of Music StudiesBachelor of Music or Bachelor of Fine Arts


Gideon Brazil Bachelor of Music (Music Performance, Saxophone Repertoire) Post-Graduate wDiploma of Music

MusicianIm a jazz and classical/contemporary musician, playing saxophones, flutes and clarinets. I do a wide range of activities, including writing and performing original music; working as a session musician in theatre shows and in the recording studio; and as an entertainer at private/corporate functions and weddings. I am a member of the bands Gotye, The Natives, Cleverhorse, Hoodoo Mayhem New Orleans Brass Band and others. I also work as an instrumental music teacher privately and in schools.The Music course gave me the opportunity to explore a broad range of music specialisations and find the path that suited me best. I also took a few semesters of Arts subjects, which satisfied my interest in web development and IT. While studying music at the University of Melbourne I forged lasting friendships with faculty staff and students that have helped me to become a creative artist; in fact, a number of my teachers have become close friends and I have benefited greatly from their mentoring.The connections Ive made while studying Music at the University of Melbourne have given me so many amazing opportunities. The most exciting of these has been playing with Gotye weve played sold-out concerts all over Australia.

Some of the greatest mysteries in music education concern how students beliefs in their own abilities are shaped and change over time, and why so few of them are able to move from the initial sampling stage of experiencing music for fun, through to greater technical and expressive competence.

While thousands of studies have been conducted on compulsory academic areas of learning, the literature in elective subjects such as music is embarrassingly scant. Our proposed studies will impact significantly on conceptions of teaching and learning across all areas of education.

Prof. McPhersons research involves a series of studies analysing the music learning process an individuals motivation, the personal and social developmental assets they acquire from it, and an examination of family, peer group, teacher/tutor and other factors that either help or hinder it. It will also include profiling schools and other educational contexts (both formal and informal) that will help to establish the main conditions and factors that encourage personal commitment to and engagement with music-related learning opportunities.

In schools, the numbers of music participants, especially in the senior high school years, are very low, says Professor Gary McPherson, Ormond Chair of Music and Director of the Melbourne Conservatorium of Music. One of his current research projects is Creating musical futures in Australian schools and communities: refining theory and planning for practice through empirical innovation, which is a four-year study through the Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery program.

The research looks at what can be done to raise the status of music in schools and improve the equity of access, participation and engagement in school music for all Australian students, in line with a key concern raised in the Commonwealth Governments 2005 National Review of Music Education (NRME). The NRME established an immediate priority for improving and sustaining the quality and status of music education, based on stark evidence about the shortcomings and inequalities in school music.

Our research project aims to produce new knowledge concerning music education in Australian schools and communities, Prof. McPherson says.

Teaching & Learning

Make it

happenMaster of Music Studies,

Master of Music (Performance Teaching), PhDBachelor of Music, Bachelor of Fine Arts

or Bachelor of Arts

FiRST DeGReeGRADuATe STuDy oPTionS

A new generation of teachers and musicians will have a challenge on their hands re-igniting interest in music among school-age kids.

Silvia Dropulich

Pump uP thE music

Teaching & Learning

The Australian Government is in the process of implementing its National Broadband Network (NBN) and associated digital education policy, the Enabled Education and Skill Services Program, to support the development of online education projects.

The NBN will influence the delivery of education in many ways, including:n Small schools that might not be able to provide some

subjects will be able to link to another school that will let them use their classrooms virtually, so students will have more choices.

n Research at the University of Melbourne is looking at the impact of creating a presence in the classroom for children who are absent due to health conditions.

n It will be able to provide access to research archives.n The costs to schools will be able to be reduced through

the use of digital reference books.n Where appropriate, 3D technology will be used to

improve learning outcomes. A project at the University of Melbourne is investigating different scenarios to see where these might be superior to 2D content.

n Teachers will have more opportunities to work from home. The prevalence of digital technologies will open up

opportunities for teachers too.According to Professor Patrick Griffin, project director

of the 21st Century Skills project at the University of Melbourne, the greatest area of demand for teachers in the digital area will be in training people in information skills.

Communication, collaboration and problem-solving are vital skills in the 21st century workforce, and yet were not teaching them to our children in schools, he says.

Graduates who show they can instil a desire for knowledge and understanding in their students through the use of information technology are likely to be successful in their careers.

The Assessment of Teaching of 21st Century Skills project helps facilitate this process, and reports that future curricula will require graduates to focus on building communication and collaboration, problem-solving, citizenship and digital fluency in their students.

Instilling this love of learning occurs differently dep

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