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7/24/2019 Kick Detection fadfadf3

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CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3

Detection of KicksDetection of Kicks


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Minimizing the amount of inuxMinimizing the amount of inux

signicantl inc!eases the chance of asignicantl inc!eases the chance of a

successful "ell cont!ol o#e!ation$successful "ell cont!ol o#e!ation$

In order to detect a kick in its earlieststages, we must be aware of theindicators that can warn us that thewell is flowing. If one or more of

these warning signs is observed, itshould be assumed that the well could

be flowing.


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WARNING SIGNS

In order to detect a

kick in its earliest

stages, we must beaware of the

indicators that can

warn us that the

well is flowing.


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Kick %n&icato!sKick %n&icato!s

Penetration Rate

Flow Rate Change

Pit Gain or Loss

Flow with the pump of

Pump Speed or Pressure Change

Oil Show or Increase in BackgroundGas

Improper Fill mounts

String !on"t Pull #r$

String !eight Change


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Penetration Rate Change:An abrut change in the rate

of enetration usuall!indicates a formation change,

often encountered while

drilling.


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Flow Rate Increase:

#hen the um isrunning at a constant

rate, it dislaces a

fi$ed amount of fluid

into the well. %he rate

of flow at surface is

measured. &ormation

fluid ma! be feeding in

if an increase in fluid

volume is seen 'moreflow out then we um

in( while the um rate

has not changed.


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Flow Rate #ecreaseFlow Rate #ecrease

#hen there is a decrease in flow rate,

assume there is lost circulation.

* +ost circulation lowers the fluid in thewell #hich lowers h!drostatic ressure

in the well #hich makes a kick morelikel!


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Volume Gain: &ormationfluid entering the well will

dislace fluid out of the hole,

resulting in a gain in it

volume.


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Volume Gain: ot alwa!s a

true indication that a kick isin the well.

1. /a! be transferring fluid fromone it to another.

2. Adding barite

3. Adding water or oil

4. %urning solids control

e0uiment off.5. #ash water

6. ain water

". #ater leaks in e0uiment


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Pit Loss: ot alwa!s a true

indication that a kick is in the

well.

1. %urning solids control

e0uiment on

2. uming a it or tra


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Flow Pump !!: If a

drilling break or a reversebreak is encountered, it is

recommended to erform a

flow check. If flow ceases,then drilling will robabl! be

resumed. If the flow ersists it

ma! be assumed the formation

is kicking and the well must be

shut in.


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The!e can 'e cases of o"The!e can 'e cases of o"

f!om the annulus not &uef!om the annulus not &ue

to the fo!mation kicking(to the fo!mation kicking(% Charging pump that did

not shut down when the

rig pumps were turned of%B% &'(u)ing o* hea+ier ,uid in

the string to the annulus%

C% Flow )ack o* mud due to-)allooning.


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Spee"#Pressure Change: An

influ$ of formation fluid will

usuall! decrease the densit! ofthe fluid column. As this occurs,

the h!drostatic ressure e$erted

b! the fluid decreases. %he fluid

in the string tends to *tub into

the annulus. As this occurs, the

um ressure will decrease and

an increase in um seed ma!

be noted.

%his could also indicate a

washout in the drill string.

uring a washout, the casing

ressure would remain fairl!

stable.


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Flow Pump !!: If a drilling break or

a reverse break is encountered, it is

recommended to erform a flow check.

If flow ceases, then drilling will robabl!

be resumed. If the flow ersists it ma!

be assumed the formation is kicking and

the well must be shut in.

%here can be cases of flow from the

annulus not due to the formation kicking.

%hese include

1. harging um that did not shut down

when rig ums were turned off.

2. *tubing of heavier fluid in the string to

the annulus.

3. &lowback of mud due to ballooning.


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Gas#il Shows Circulating: In man! areas

and activities, a gas detector is re0uired to

monitor the fluid returning from the well, and to

hel detect abnormal ressure trends. #hen anincrease in gas is detected, oil or gas ma! be

feeding in because of insufficient ressure

imosed on the well.


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Improper Fill Amounts: %riing out of the hole

'or striing out( ma! be the most ha7ardous time

on a rig and one of the most common causes of

kicks. ontributing factors include +oss of

circulating ressures, swabbing, and imroer fill*

u that reduces h!drostatic ressure.

String Won$t Pull %r&: #hen triing out, it is

ossible for the formation fluid to enter the well at a

rate great enough to revent the fluid inside the ie

from falling.


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'ic(s ut o! )he *ole: #ell kicks occurring

when out of the hole often began during the tri out

but were not noticed. %he kick ma! have started

during the earl! art of the tri out. /ore likel!, the

kick started when the hole was not filled fre0uentl!enough towards the end of the tri or while handling

the collars.


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I* well is not taking theI* well is not taking the

proper amount o* ,uid toproper amount o* ,uid to/ll0/ll0(he trip should )e suspended(he trip should )e suspended Sta) -Full Open Sa*et$ 1al+e.Sta) -Full Open Sa*et$ 1al+e.

Close 1al+eClose 1al+e Check *or FlowCheck *or Flow

i i A i i i h ll i h ld di l


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%isplacement )rip In: As ie is run into the well, it should dislace

fluid out e0ual to ie8s dislacement if no floats are in use. If ie is

lowered too fast, fluid ma! be forced into the formation ahead of the ie

due to surge ressures. %his can result in lowering the fluid column and

reduction of h!drostatic ressure.

String Weight Change: If a string weight increase is noticed, the

increase could be due to an influ$ of formation fluid decreasing the

densit! of the fluid surrounding the ie. As the fluid densit! decreases

buo!anc! is reduced, resulting in an increase of weight that will benoticed at surface.

'ic(s While Logging or Wirelining: #ell kicks that occur while

logging and during wireline activities are the resule of

9%he swabbing action of the tools being ulled through a tight section of

the hole

9%he swabbing effect of tools being ulled to fast

9&ailing to kee the hole full during such activities


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'ic(s While Running Casing: :icks that occur while running casing

are similar to kicks while triing. An imortant oint to remember

about kicks while running casing is that rig oerations are oriented torunning casing, not to detecting a kick or shutting in a well.

'ic(s While Cementing: :icks that occur while cementing are theresult of reducing the mud column ressure during the oeration. %his

reduction of mud column ressure can result from light cement slurries,

lost circulation, imroerl! weighted sacer or the mechanics of the

cement setting u.


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Reasons to 2uickl$ RespondReasons to 2uickl$ Respond

to a 3ickto a 3ick 4inimi5e kick si5e4inimi5e kick si5e

4inimi5e well pressures 6Casing4inimi5e well pressures 6Casing

Pressures7Pressures7 Reduce time needed to kill the kickReduce time needed to kill the kick


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Positi)e %n&icato!s of aKick

8% Increase in Pit 1olume9% Increase in Flow Rate

Recommen&e& Action(Immediate action should )e taken to

shut'in the well whene+er theseindicators are e:perienced% It is notrecommended to check *or ,ow a*ter apositi+e indicator or has )een identi/ed%

* & % &i f


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*econ&a! %n&icato!s of aKick8% #ecrease in Circulating Pressure

9% Gradual Increase in #rilling Rate;% #rilling Breaks

or isa)out to kick% (hese indicators should ne+er )eignored% Instead> once reali5ed> steps should )etaken to determine the reason *or the indication


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%n&icato!s of A'no!malP!essu!e8% #ecrease in Shale #ensit$

9% Change in Cuttings Si5e and Shape;% Increasing Fill on Bottom *ter a (rip


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*umma!*umma!

3ick detection is e+er$)od$"s3ick detection is e+er$)od$"s

responsi)ilit$% Rigs ha+e )eenresponsi)ilit$% Rigs ha+e )een

lost )ecause o* a *ailure to alertlost )ecause o* a *ailure to alertthe super+isors that the wellthe super+isors that the well

ma$ )e ,owing% It is importantma$ )e ,owing% It is important

to recogni5e warning signs o*to recogni5e warning signs o*kick%kick%


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THETHE E+DE+D


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%etectiono! 'ic(s+inimi,ing the amount o! in!lu- signi!icantl& increases the

chance o! a success!ul well control operation.

In order to detect a kick in its earliest stages, we must be

aware of the indicators that can warn us that the well is

flowing. If one or more of these warning signs is observed, itshould be assumed that the well could be flowing. %he correct

action at this oint is to check for flow. If the well is flowing

and the mud ums or off, then that8s a sure sign that a kick is

in rogress. ever tr! to e$lain warning signs as beinganother t!e of roblem until it is roven that the well is not

kicking.


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Penetration Rate Change:

An abrut change in the rate

of enetration usuall!indicates a formation

change, often encountered

while drilling.

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