key terms for chapter 6 sec. 1
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Key Terms for Chapter 6 Sec. 1. Olive Branch Petition Green Mountain Boys Continental Army Patriots Loyalist The Battle of Bunker Hill Blockade Mercenaries. First Continental Congress. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Olive Branch PetitionGreen Mountain Boys
Continental ArmyPatriotsLoyalist
The Battle of Bunker HillBlockade
Mercenaries
KEY TERMS FOR CHAPTER 6 SEC. 1
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Carpenter's Hall: In 1774, 56 deputies representing almost every American colony
convened at Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia to address their many grievances against the British. This First Continental Congress included George Washington and John Adams. (Photo Credit: Dave
G. Houser/Corbis
FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
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Here at Independence Hall In Philadelphia, the Second Continental Congress still had hopes of a peaceful resolution. The delegates passed the
Olive Branch Petition, in hopes of repealing the Intolerable Act .
SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
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Olive Branch Petition: When King George learned of the petition he was enraged. He blamed the colonist for
trying to begin a war “for the purpose of establishing an independent
empire.” He vowed to bring the rebels to justice, and ordered 20,000 troops to
be deployed.
KING GEORGE III
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Many Patriots not only owned rifles, but were also
good shots.George Washington, a
brilliant and experienced Commander, was named the
leader of the forces.Patriots were determined to
defend THEIR homes and property.
Highly trained and experience troops.
The world’s strongest Navy.Heavily supplied with
weapons and ammunition.The British Army had the advantage in numbers by
leaps and bounds.
Colonial Forces British Forces
ADVANTAGES OF THE OPPOSING SIDES
They were poorly organized and untrained.
They had very little gun powder, few cannons, and
no NAVY.Many colonist were
unwilling to enlist in the federal army, choosing to
defend their home
British armies were now 3000 miles away from home.
It could take months for supplies to reach.
The British Troops were unfamiliar with the terrain.
Colonial Forces British Forces
DISADVANTAGES OF OPPOSING SIDES
In may of 1775, Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys at Fort
Ticonderoga demanding that the British commander surrender.
REBELS TAKE FORT TICONDEROGA
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Who in fact are the Green Mountain Boys? Just a group of back country Vermont boys raising havoc. In fact the Green Mountain
Boys were a group of a few hundred American patriots in the early American Revolutionary years that would later be
considered the founding fathers of the state of Vermont.
GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS
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The first major battle of the Revolution, which proved the American’s could fight
bravely. Although the British eventually took Bunker Hill there losses were costly. Over
1000 casualties to the US forces 400.
BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL
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Prior to the attack on Bunker Hill, Gen. Washington reached Boston to discover
16,000 Troops camped out along the City’s edge.
GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON
In January of 1776, Washington had a stroke of good luck. After the Green Mountain Boys had taken Fort Ticonderoga
they had dragged the cannons they captured over the Mountains. Washington then placed them on Dorchester
Heights overlooking the Harbor.Once General Howe saw the cannons he knew that they
could not hold Boston.
WASHINGTON’S GOOD FORTUNE
Although the British left New England, they did not give up. King George III ordered a blockade (the shutting of a port
to keep people or supplies from moving in or out).The King also used mercenaries (hired troops) from
Germany to help fight the colonist.
THE KINGS RESPONSE
The Colonies Independence: In this section we will describe the impact of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, list steps that congress took to declare
independence, and summarize the main ideas of the Declaration.
Common Sense, by Thomas PaineTraitor
Declaration of IndependencePreamble
Natural Rights
KEY TERMS FOR CHAPTER 6 SEC. 2
“In England a King Hath little more to do than to make war and give away;
which in plain terms, is to impoverish the nation.” Common Sense 1776.
THOMAS PAINE
Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” was a one of the most influential pamphlets of the era. Although most printers were reluctant to put such an unflattering portrait of the King, it non the less sold over 500,000 copies and became
the rallying cry many supporters of Independence. “Common Sense” also sold many colonist who were unsure
on the idea of Independence.
A CALL FOR INDEPENDENCE
“Resolved, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and
independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and
that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved.” Lee’s Resolution at
the Second Continental Congress
RICHARD HENRY LEE, VA
The Delegates were faced with a momentous decision. Once a declaration was signed there was no turning back.
The members of the Continental Congress knew that if they were ever to fall into British hands they would be hanged as
a “traitor”.Traitor- is a person who betrays his or her country.
MAKING THE BREAK
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Thomas Jefferson was tapped as the main author of the Declaration of Independence along with Benjamin Franklin. Jefferson would also serve as
the third President of the United States .
THOMAS JEFFERSON
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Declaration of Independence, by John Trumbull : On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress approved the
Declaration of Independence. (Photo Credit: Mayer/CORBIS)
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
“There”, he said, “I guess the King will be able to read that.”
“SHOW ME YOU JOHN HANCOCK”
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
The first part of the Declaration was to establish natural right, or rights that belong to all people from birth.
Preamble- Introduction
“WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS……PREAMBLE”
The second part of the Declaration list the wrongs that led the Americans to break away from Britain.
Jefferson condemned King George III for disbanding colonial legislature and for sending troops to the colonies
during peacetime. See page 178.
Classwork: On the index cards, write, in your words, what the particular wrong written by Jefferson means. Each
Paragraph is a particular wrong. Your # indicates which one to do. Example 1 is first paragraph, 2 is second, etc…
ADDRESSING BRITISH WRONGS
In this section we will list and discuss the battles fought in New York and New Jersey, Discuss the turning points of the War, and describe the
conditions at Valley Forge.Key Terms
Battle of Long IslandNathan Hale
Battle of TrentonGeneral John Burgoyne
Battle of SaratogaMarquis de LafayetteThaddeus Kosciusko
Valley ForgeAlly
CavalryDeserter
STRUGGLES IN THE MIDDLE STATES
This illustration show the vast majority of British troops. They
outnumbered the Continental Army by 2 to 1.
BATTLE OF LONG ISLAND
Nathan Hale was captured and hanged for his role in helping
Washington learn more about his enemies army.
AMERICAN HERO
JERSEY STRONG
After Washington was forced out of New York and crossed the frozen Delaware, the Continental Army of New Jersey
saw great strides in the advancement of the Colonial cause
Times were bleak, and the morale was low after multiple defeats at the hands of the Redcoats.
BUT NEW JERSEY WOULD PREVAIL!
BATTLE OF TRENTON
The campaign of December 1776 tested the will of the great leader. Gen. Washington unsure if his men were up to the
challenges ahead of them. Washington stated that his soldiers were “so thinly clad, they were unfit for service.”
Washington also had a major issue dealing with deserters(soldiers who leave their ranks without
permission). He even wrote in a letter to his brother, “I am wearied to death. I think the game is pretty near up.”
WASHINGTON’S DOUBTS
In a bold, and possible desperate move, Washington lead troops on an early morning
raid the day after Christmas in 1776.The Battle of Trenton was won with little
resistance by the Hessians, German mercenaries (hired soldiers) and took
most of them prisoner.
The iconic picture of Washington crossing the Delaware
TRENTON
“At last we have run down the old fox and we will bag him in the morning”
Speaking of George Washington
GENERAL CHARLES CORNWALLIS
BRITISH GENERAL JOHN BURGOYNE
General Burgoyne’s plan- cut off New England from the other colonies by controlling the Hudson river and end the
war for the Americans
Burgoyne wanted three armies to march on Albany, but the King wanted to retake Philadelphia first.
Although Howe was successful in Philadelphia at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, he had decided to stay there for the winter which would prove costly to not only
Burgoyne’s plan but the British effort overall
BURGOYNE’S PLAN
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Burgoyne Surrenders to Gates: At the Battle of Saratoga (1777), British
general John Burgoyne (1722-1792, on the left) surrendered to American
general Horatio Gates (1728-1806). The battle is often considered a turning point
in the war. (Photo Credit: PoodlesRock/CORBIS
SURRENDER AT SARATOGA
TURNING POINTThe victory at Saratoga
1. Colonial Forces cut down trees and damned up streams to slow the already slowly moving British Forces.
2. The Redcoats and Burgoyne were able to re-capture Fort Ticonderoga, but at a cost. With no reinforcements, Burgoyne was forced to send troops to Vermont for horses and supplies. There, his soldiers were defeated in the Battle of Bennington.
3. With the British already low on troops, the Green Mountain Boys came to the aid of the Colonial forces in New York and trapped Burgoyne who was forced to surrender his army to the Americans.
KEYS TO VICTORY
The Victory at Saratoga proved to the world that the
Americans could win.
EUROPEAN AID
The King did not want to send troops to the US until he was sure
they could win.
KING LOUIS XVI
Lafayette had brought trained soldiers from France to fight and
also help train. He became one of Washington’s most trusted
advisors and friend.
MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE
Von Steuben was a Prussian army officer, considered to be the best
army in the world, he train soldiers how to drill and march.
FRIEDRICH VON STEUBEN
Along with Casimir Pulaski, these Polish soldiers and engineers help
train CAVALRY(troops on horseback)
THADDEUS KOSCIUSKO