key terms it

8/14/2019 Key terms IT

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KEY TE RM S A NDEY TE RM S A NDCO NC EP TS - D EFINE DO NC EP TS - D EFINE D


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KEY TER MS AN D CONCEP TS - DEF IN EDEY TERMS AN D CONCEP TS - DEF IN ED

Co mput er -Bas ed I nf orm ati on Sys temo mput er -Bas ed I nf orm ati on Sys tem:An information system that usesAn information system that usescomputer hardware and software tocomputer hardware and software to

perform its information processingperform its information processing

activitiesactivities.


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KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS - DEFINEDKEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS - DEFINED

Control :Control :

The systems component that evaluatesThe systems component that evaluatesfeedback to determine whether the system isfeedback to determine whether the system is

moving toward the achievement of its goalmoving toward the achievement of its goaland then makes any necessary adjustments toand then makes any necessary adjustments tothe input and processing components of thethe input and processing components of the

system to ensure that proper output issystem to ensure that proper output isproduced.produced.


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Data :Data :

Facts or observations about physicalFacts or observations about physical

phenomena or business transactions. Morephenomena or business transactions. Morespecifically, data are objective measurementsspecifically, data are objective measurements

of theof the attributesattributes (characteristics) of(characteristics) ofentitiesentities,,

such as people, places, things, and events.such as people, places, things, and events.


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Data or Information Processing :Data or Information Processing :

The act of converting data into information.The act of converting data into information.


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Data Resources :Data Resources :

Data, model, and knowledge basesData, model, and knowledge bases


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Developing Business/IT Solutions :Developing Business/IT Solutions :

End users and IS specialists develop andEnd users and IS specialists develop and

implement business/IT solutions to problemsimplement business/IT solutions to problemsand opportunities arising in businesses.and opportunities arising in businesses.


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E-business :E-business :

The use of Internet technologies to inter-networkThe use of Internet technologies to inter-network

and empower business processes, electronicand empower business processes, electronic

business processes, electronic commerce, andbusiness processes, electronic commerce, and

enterprise communication and collaboration withinenterprise communication and collaboration within

a company and with its customers, suppliers, anda company and with its customers, suppliers, and

other business stakeholders.other business stakeholders.


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E-business role in business:E-business role in business:

Businesses today are using the Internet, corporateBusinesses today are using the Internet, corporateintranets, and inter-organizational extranets forintranets, and inter-organizational extranets forelectronic business operations, e-commerce, andelectronic business operations, e-commerce, andenterprise collaboration.enterprise collaboration.

..


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Electronic Commerce :Electronic Commerce :

The buying and selling, marketing and servicing,The buying and selling, marketing and servicing,and delivery and payment of products, services, andand delivery and payment of products, services, and

information over the Internet, intranets, extranets,information over the Internet, intranets, extranets,and other networks, between an inter-networkedand other networks, between an inter-networkedenterprise and its prospects, customers, suppliers,enterprise and its prospects, customers, suppliers,and other business partners.and other business partners.

..


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End User :End User :

Anyone who uses an information system or theAnyone who uses an information system or theinformation it produces.information it produces.

..


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Enterprise Collaboration System :Enterprise Collaboration System :

The use of groupware tools and the Internet,The use of groupware tools and the Internet,intranets, extranets, and other computer networks tointranets, extranets, and other computer networks to

support and enhance communication, coordination,support and enhance communication, coordination,collaboration, and resource sharing among teamscollaboration, and resource sharing among teamsand workgroups in an internetworked enterprise.and workgroups in an internetworked enterprise.

..


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Extranet :Extranet :

A network that links selected resources of aA network that links selected resources of acompany with its customers, suppliers, and othercompany with its customers, suppliers, and otherbusiness partners, using the Internet or privatebusiness partners, using the Internet or privatenetworks to link the organizations intranets.networks to link the organizations intranets.

..


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Feedback:Feedback:

Data or information concerning the components andData or information concerning the components and

operations of a systems performance.operations of a systems performance.

..

..


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Hardware Resources :Hardware Resources :

Includes all physical devices and materials used inIncludes all physical devices and materials used in

information processing (machines and media).information processing (machines and media).

..


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Information Products :Information Products :

The degree to which information has theThe degree to which information has the

appropriate information that is useful for users.appropriate information that is useful for users.

Information products include messages, reports,Information products include messages, reports,

forms, and graphic images.forms, and graphic images.


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Information System :Information System :

A system that uses the resources of hardware,A system that uses the resources of hardware,

software, and people to perform input, processing,software, and people to perform input, processing,

output, storage, and control activities that transformoutput, storage, and control activities that transform

data resources into information products.data resources into information products.


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Information System Activities :Information System Activities :

Input, processing, output, storage, andInput, processing, output, storage, and

controlcontrol


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Information System Model :Information System Model :

An information system uses people, hardware,An information system uses people, hardware,

software, network, and data resources to performsoftware, network, and data resources to perform

input, processing, output, storage, and controlinput, processing, output, storage, and control

activities that transform data resources intoactivities that transform data resources into

information products.information products.


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Information Technology (IT):Information Technology (IT):

Hardware, software, telecommunications, databaseHardware, software, telecommunications, databasemanagement, and other information processingmanagement, and other information processingtechnologies used in computer-based informationtechnologies used in computer-based informationsystems.systems.


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Intranet :Intranet :

Internet-like networks and websites inside aInternet-like networks and websites inside acompany.company.


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IS Knowledge Needed by Business Professionals:IS Knowledge Needed by Business Professionals:

Fundamental concepts about information systems,Fundamental concepts about information systems,their technology, development, applications, andtheir technology, development, applications, andmanagement.management.


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Knowledge Workers :Knowledge Workers :

People whose primary work activities includePeople whose primary work activities includecreating, using, and distributing information.creating, using, and distributing information.


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Management Challenges of IS :Management Challenges of IS :

Managing the IT resources of a companyManaging the IT resources of a companyeffectively and ethically to improve its businesseffectively and ethically to improve its business

performance and value.performance and value.


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Network Resources :Network Resources :

Network resources include communications mediaNetwork resources include communications mediaand network support.and network support.


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People Resources :People Resources :

Information system specialists and end users.Information system specialists and end users.


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Roles of IS Applications in Business:Roles of IS Applications in Business:

Information systems perform three vital roles in anyInformation systems perform three vital roles in anytype of organization: (1) Support of businesstype of organization: (1) Support of business

processes and operations, (2) Support of businessprocesses and operations, (2) Support of businessdecision making, and (3) Support of strategicdecision making, and (3) Support of strategiccompetitive advantage.competitive advantage.


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Software Resources Programs :Software Resources Programs :

A set of instructions that cause a computer toA set of instructions that cause a computer to

perform a particular task.perform a particular task.


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Software Resources Procedures :Software Resources Procedures :

Set of instructions used by people toSet of instructions used by people to

complete a task.complete a task.


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System :System :

A system is a group of interrelated componentsA system is a group of interrelated componentsworking together toward a common goal byworking together toward a common goal by

accepting inputs and producing outputs in anaccepting inputs and producing outputs in an

organized transformation process.organized transformation process.


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Types of Information Systems - Cross-Types of Information Systems - Cross-

Functional Systems :Functional Systems :

Information systems that cross theInformation systems that cross theboundaries of functionalboundaries of functionalbusiness areas inbusiness areas inorder to support business processes acrossorder to support business processes acrossthe organizationthe organization


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Types of Information Systems -Types of Information Systems -

Management Support Systems:Management Support Systems:

Include executive information systems,Include executive information systems,

decision support systems, and managementdecision support systems, and management

information systems.information systems.


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Types of Information Systems -Types of Information Systems -

Operations Support Systems :Operations Support Systems :

Include office automation systems,Include office automation systems,

transaction processingtransaction processingsystems, and processsystems, and process

control systems.control systems.

key terms it

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