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Sistem Komputer

• Sistem komputeradalah hubunganinterelasi antarakomponen-komponen

perangkat keras,perangkat lunak lunak,dan program aplikasiaplikasi.

• Penggunaankomputer : – Kendali, dan

 – Pengolahan data.

Penggunaan Komputer

• Low end application , penggunaan komputer

untuk sistem kendalisederhana 

• High end applications,Sistem kendali kompleks, – robotika,

 – sistem avionik, – dan sistem militer canggih

 – pengolahan data secaraumum .

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Keterkaitan SW/HW/User

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Keterkaitan HW dan SW

• ottom la!er: hard"are components – processors, memories, and communication links

• #iddle la!er: a collection o$ so$t"are modules %operatings!stem&

 – 'S abstracts hard"are resources into a convenientapplication programming inter$ace %(P)&.

•  *op la!er: so$t"are that implements application speci+c$unctions

 – ample: "ord processor, pa!roll program, computer game,or Web

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HW Perangkat keras komputer

• PUinterprets programs %instructions&Process arithmetic and logic operations

• Untai pe"aktuan %clock&•

0enerate clock signal• #emor!

 – random access memor! modules store both programs anddata

• us s!stem•

input/output %)/'& modules –  implement communication links to the "orld outside the

computer

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omputer Hard"are

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omputer components

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omputer components

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omputer (rchitecture

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omputer Hard"are:Sistem us

• a bus is a subs!stem thattrans$ers data bet"eencomponents insidea computer, or bet"een

computers 2"ikipedia3.• ontrol bus, mengatur

aktivitas pada bus

• (ddress bus, menun4ukkandari mana in$ormasi harus

dibaca atau ke mana harusdisimpan

• 5ata bus, trans$er data/in$ormasi

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omputer So$t"are

5ua golongan utama SW:

• Perangkat lunak sistem %operating system&,

 – a set o$ programs that manage computer

hard"are resources and provide commonservices $or application so$t"are

• Perangkat lunak pengguna %user application&

 – Program-program %so$t"are & !g digunakan untuk

membantu men!elesaikan masalah-masalah sehari-hari.

 – : o6ce so$t"are, design so$t"are,entertainment , etc

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omputer So$t"are'perating S!stem

• #ain 'S component – 7esident monitor

 – )/' drivers

 –

8ile management routines• Uni based 'S:

 – (ndroid,

 – S5,

 – i'S,

 – 9inu, – #ac 'S

• #icroso$t Windo"s %;., =?, #e, P,@ista, A&

• B/'S, CD-bit 'S $or main$rame

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'perating S!temomponent

• Kernel, connect so$t"are to computerhard"are

• Program eecution – set o$ services "hich simpli$!

development and eecution o$application programs

 – ( set o$ rule and procedure $or creatingprocess

• )nterrupt –

 provide an e6cient "a! $or theoperating s!stem to interact "ith itsenvironment.

 – nable computer to E"atchE the varioussources o$ input $or events %polling& thatreFuire action

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'perating S!temomponent

•  *"o operation modes: – Supervisor mode is used b! kernel $or lo" level

tasks that need unrestricted access to hard"are,such as controlling ho" memor! is "ritten and

erased, and communication "ith devices likegraphics cards

 – Protected mode: ver!thing else, (pplicationsoperate "ithin protected mode, and can onl! usehard"are b! communicating "ith the kernel,"hich controls ever!thing in supervisor mode

• #emor! #anagement

• #ultitasking

• 5isk access G 8ile S!stem

• 5evice driver

• et"orking

• Securit!

Privilege rings $or the?C availablein protected mode. 'Sdetermines "hichprocesses run in each

mode

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7esident monitors

• 7eplacing human operators, "hat it needs – ( program al"a!s in memor! %hence the IresidentJ&. – ( control language - commands had to be given to the

resident monitor. –

 *he starting point o$ 'Ss.• 7esident monitor could

 – clear memor! used b! the last program %but not itsel$ & – load the net program – +nd the data $or the program –

 4ump to the start address o$ the ne" program, returningto the

 – resident monitor "hen +nished – it also maintained the standard )' routines in memor!

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(lamat• Setiap piranti !ang terhubung ke PU mempun!ai

alamat masing-masing, termasuk b!te -b!te memor!

• (lamat tersusun atas kombinasi bit-bit danhimpunan dari semua kombinasi!ang mungkin !g

disebut ruang alamat %addressing space&• Suatu alamat dengan lebar n-bit, maka terdapat Ln 

kemungkinan alamat %M sampai Ln-

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'rganisasi 7eg, )/', Memori

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(rsitektur PU

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'perasi umum sistem komputer

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ara Ker4a Sistem Komputer

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0eneral omputer(rchitecture

asic PU operations

• 8etching theinstruction $rommemor!,

• 5ecode the

instruction,• ecute command

and "rite the resultdata back to the

memor! or to )/'

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)ntel ?C PU 8amil!

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omputer Start-Up

• ($ter Po"ering Up, 7eset signal is activated and PUstarts $etching and eecute instructions.

•  *he +rst instruction is al"a!s located

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Klasi+kasi Sistem Komputer

•  *iga komponen utama

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)ntel #icroprocessor

• )ntel ?C 8amil!

• )ntel Pentium

• )ntel ore

• #odern #icroprocessor Plat$orm – 5esktop Plat$orm

 – Server Plat$orm

 –

#obile Plat$orm• ample: )ntel ore ); %codename Sand!bridge

processor& see:http://en."ikipedia.org/"iki/Sand!Rridge

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Pentium )))

(rchitecture

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)ntel Pentium )))

• Produced 8rom earl!

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)ntel Pentium )))

• PU bus has a clock speed

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)ntel Pentium )))

• North bridge dispatches PU commands to S57(# , cache %levelL&, )'devices through P) bus and video through (0P inter$ace %(ccelerated0raphics Port&. 'nce PU sets the address and control lines to de+ne"hat t!pe o$ transaction it "ants like W7 or 75, orth bridge kno"s"here to $or"ard the command and reports back to PU "hen it is done.

• South bridge contains US,)5 controllers and )S( inter$ace. )5 is aninter$ace to 57'# and hard drives. )S( devices are kept $orcompatibilit! "ith older computers. Parallel , serial port devices "orkthrough slo" %? #H& )S( bus. )'S 7'# is connected to )S( bus too

• ote – )5 : )ntegrated 5rive lectronics

 – )S( : )ndustr! Standard (rchitecture, computer bus standard $or )# P

compatible computers introduced "ith the )# Personal omputer to supportits )ntel ?M?? microprocessorTs ?-bit eternal data bus and etended to

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'vervie" o$ )ntel oreprocessor

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