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Sistem Komputer
• Sistem komputeradalah hubunganinterelasi antarakomponen-komponen
perangkat keras,perangkat lunak lunak,dan program aplikasiaplikasi.
• Penggunaankomputer : – Kendali, dan
– Pengolahan data.
Penggunaan Komputer
• Low end application , penggunaan komputer
untuk sistem kendalisederhana
• High end applications,Sistem kendali kompleks, – robotika,
– sistem avionik, – dan sistem militer canggih
– pengolahan data secaraumum .
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Keterkaitan SW/HW/User
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Keterkaitan HW dan SW
• ottom la!er: hard"are components – processors, memories, and communication links
• #iddle la!er: a collection o$ so$t"are modules %operatings!stem&
– 'S abstracts hard"are resources into a convenientapplication programming inter$ace %(P)&.
• *op la!er: so$t"are that implements application speci+c$unctions
– ample: "ord processor, pa!roll program, computer game,or Web
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HW Perangkat keras komputer
• PUinterprets programs %instructions&Process arithmetic and logic operations
• Untai pe"aktuan %clock&•
0enerate clock signal• #emor!
– random access memor! modules store both programs anddata
• us s!stem•
input/output %)/'& modules – implement communication links to the "orld outside the
computer
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omputer Hard"are
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omputer components
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omputer components
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omputer (rchitecture
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omputer Hard"are:Sistem us
• a bus is a subs!stem thattrans$ers data bet"eencomponents insidea computer, or bet"een
computers 2"ikipedia3.• ontrol bus, mengatur
aktivitas pada bus
• (ddress bus, menun4ukkandari mana in$ormasi harus
dibaca atau ke mana harusdisimpan
• 5ata bus, trans$er data/in$ormasi
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omputer So$t"are
5ua golongan utama SW:
• Perangkat lunak sistem %operating system&,
– a set o$ programs that manage computer
hard"are resources and provide commonservices $or application so$t"are
• Perangkat lunak pengguna %user application&
– Program-program %so$t"are & !g digunakan untuk
membantu men!elesaikan masalah-masalah sehari-hari.
– : o6ce so$t"are, design so$t"are,entertainment , etc
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omputer So$t"are'perating S!stem
• #ain 'S component – 7esident monitor
– )/' drivers
–
8ile management routines• Uni based 'S:
– (ndroid,
– S5,
– i'S,
– 9inu, – #ac 'S
• #icroso$t Windo"s %;., =?, #e, P,@ista, A&
• B/'S, CD-bit 'S $or main$rame
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'perating S!temomponent
• Kernel, connect so$t"are to computerhard"are
• Program eecution – set o$ services "hich simpli$!
development and eecution o$application programs
– ( set o$ rule and procedure $or creatingprocess
• )nterrupt –
provide an e6cient "a! $or theoperating s!stem to interact "ith itsenvironment.
– nable computer to E"atchE the varioussources o$ input $or events %polling& thatreFuire action
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'perating S!temomponent
• *"o operation modes: – Supervisor mode is used b! kernel $or lo" level
tasks that need unrestricted access to hard"are,such as controlling ho" memor! is "ritten and
erased, and communication "ith devices likegraphics cards
– Protected mode: ver!thing else, (pplicationsoperate "ithin protected mode, and can onl! usehard"are b! communicating "ith the kernel,"hich controls ever!thing in supervisor mode
• #emor! #anagement
• #ultitasking
• 5isk access G 8ile S!stem
• 5evice driver
• et"orking
• Securit!
Privilege rings $or the?C availablein protected mode. 'Sdetermines "hichprocesses run in each
mode
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7esident monitors
• 7eplacing human operators, "hat it needs – ( program al"a!s in memor! %hence the IresidentJ&. – ( control language - commands had to be given to the
resident monitor. –
*he starting point o$ 'Ss.• 7esident monitor could
– clear memor! used b! the last program %but not itsel$ & – load the net program – +nd the data $or the program –
4ump to the start address o$ the ne" program, returningto the
– resident monitor "hen +nished – it also maintained the standard )' routines in memor!
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(lamat• Setiap piranti !ang terhubung ke PU mempun!ai
alamat masing-masing, termasuk b!te -b!te memor!
• (lamat tersusun atas kombinasi bit-bit danhimpunan dari semua kombinasi!ang mungkin !g
disebut ruang alamat %addressing space&• Suatu alamat dengan lebar n-bit, maka terdapat Ln
kemungkinan alamat %M sampai Ln-
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'rganisasi 7eg, )/', Memori
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(rsitektur PU
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'perasi umum sistem komputer
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ara Ker4a Sistem Komputer
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0eneral omputer(rchitecture
asic PU operations
• 8etching theinstruction $rommemor!,
• 5ecode the
instruction,• ecute command
and "rite the resultdata back to the
memor! or to )/'
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)ntel ?C PU 8amil!
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omputer Start-Up
• ($ter Po"ering Up, 7eset signal is activated and PUstarts $etching and eecute instructions.
• *he +rst instruction is al"a!s located
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Klasi+kasi Sistem Komputer
• *iga komponen utama
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)ntel #icroprocessor
• )ntel ?C 8amil!
• )ntel Pentium
• )ntel ore
• #odern #icroprocessor Plat$orm – 5esktop Plat$orm
– Server Plat$orm
–
#obile Plat$orm• ample: )ntel ore ); %codename Sand!bridge
processor& see:http://en."ikipedia.org/"iki/Sand!Rridge
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Pentium )))
(rchitecture
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)ntel Pentium )))
• Produced 8rom earl!
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)ntel Pentium )))
• PU bus has a clock speed
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)ntel Pentium )))
• North bridge dispatches PU commands to S57(# , cache %levelL&, )'devices through P) bus and video through (0P inter$ace %(ccelerated0raphics Port&. 'nce PU sets the address and control lines to de+ne"hat t!pe o$ transaction it "ants like W7 or 75, orth bridge kno"s"here to $or"ard the command and reports back to PU "hen it is done.
• South bridge contains US,)5 controllers and )S( inter$ace. )5 is aninter$ace to 57'# and hard drives. )S( devices are kept $orcompatibilit! "ith older computers. Parallel , serial port devices "orkthrough slo" %? #H& )S( bus. )'S 7'# is connected to )S( bus too
• ote – )5 : )ntegrated 5rive lectronics
– )S( : )ndustr! Standard (rchitecture, computer bus standard $or )# P
compatible computers introduced "ith the )# Personal omputer to supportits )ntel ?M?? microprocessorTs ?-bit eternal data bus and etended to
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'vervie" o$ )ntel oreprocessor
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