katabatic and anabatic winds and their impacts in co2
TRANSCRIPT
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Katabatic, anabatic winds and their impacts in CO2
C. Román-Cascón, I. Turki, P. Camparguez, M. Lothon, F. Lohou, C. Yagüe, J. A. Arrillaga and E. Pardyjak
BLLAST workshopPalma de Mallorca
15 May 20181
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Outline
• ATMOUNT project context
• Objective 1. Mountain breezes comparison in 3 sites
• Objective 2. Mountain breezes and their effects in CO2
• Testing period: BLLAST (master students work)• CO2 analyses over different surfaces
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Project context
ATMOUNTLand-atmosphere interactions in mountains analysis and impacts on global change
• ATMOUNT I – Surface/atmosphere interactions in mountains and soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer processes (obs+mod). Univ. Islas Baleares
• ATMOUNT II – Micro-mesometeorological flows around Sierra de Guadarrama: Influences on fluxes of greenhouse gases and energy. Univ. Complutense Madrid
• ATMOUNT III – Gravity waves, orographic rainfall. Univ. Barcelona
ATMOUNT II• OBJECTIVE 1: To compare mountain breezes in other sites.
• OBJECTIVE 2: To analyse the impacts of mountain breezes in CO2 and water vapour concentration and fluxes
(among other objectives) 3
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Mountain breezes comparison
- OBJ. 1 - Comparison of mountain breezes features in 3 sites:
Breezes detection Algorithm* prepared to work in 3 sites- Synoptic conditions (NCEP: u, v, T, RH)
- Wind at 700 hPa (< 10-11 m/s)- Fronts passage ( θ∆ e)
- Rainfall- Local conditions
- Range (kata/ana) of wind direction at specific timing - Wind direction persistence (80% of time)- Minimum duration of events (2 hours min)
Breezes analysis Statistics - Formation and end times (related to sunrise/sunset)- Duration- Wind speed intensity and variability- Wind direction variability- Events relation with other variables (synoptic conditions, temperature, season, soil humidity…)- IMPACTS: on fluxes, turbulence, stability, PBL behavior, transitions? +CO2 and (H2O)v
* Based on criteria in Arrillaga et al. 2016
1. La Herrería (Guadarrama Mountains)2. CRA (Pyrenees)3. Salt Lake Valley (Rocky Mountains)
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Objective 1. Breezes detection and statistics
- La Herrería (almost 2 available years) Analysis for all 2017- CRA (several available years) Analysis for all 2017- Salt Lake Valley Jan-July 2015 (MATERHORN)
LA HERRERIA (El Escorial) - 2017
LARGE SCALE CRITERIA KATABATICS201 days from a total of 365 have passed filter 1 (synoptic wind speed)193 days have passed ALSO filter 2 (fronts passage)183 days have passed ALSO filter 3 (in situ rainfall (stormy days))
SMALL SCALE CRITERIA KATABATICS290 possible katabatic events276 katabatics events have been detected with minumum persistence of 2 hour(s)132 events also passed the criteria of 80 percentage of time with the same wd
----- LARGE SCALE AND IN SITU KATABATIC DETECTION -----Number of kat. events according to small scale & large scale = 107
(same type of analysis and criteria for anabatics)
+ TESTING PERIOD… BLLAST!
CONFIGURATION
Synoptical height 700Synoptic wind speed threshold (m/s) 9
Synoptic theta threshold (K/6h) -1,45Rainfall threshold (mm/day) 0,5Katabatic range min 250
Katabatic range max 340Anabatic range min 70
Anabatic range max 230Data time resolution 10
Katabatic ini time regarding sunrise -5Katabatic end time regarding sunrise +18
Anabatic ini time regarding sunset -2Anabatic end time regarding sunset +18
Katabatic minimum time persistence (h) 2Anabatic minimum time persistence (h) 2
% of kat/anab continuity 80
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Objective 1. Breezes detection and statisticsExample
Katabatic event
15/07/2017
La Herrería
Typical case
Cases very similar and constant
POSSIBILITY OF REMOVING UNCLEAR
CASES
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La Herrería (San Lorenzo de El Escorial)AnabaticsKatabatics
Mean wind speed = 1.7 m/s (range 1.1 – 2.5 m/s)
Anabatic formation
Anabatic end
Mean wind speed = 1.2 m/s (range 1 to 1.5 m/s)
Katabatic formation
Katabatic end
-0.5 h
+1.5 h
+1.5 h
-0.75 h
Mountains at 2-3 km
Monte Abantos (1753 m)
Site(900 m)
4 m/s2.2 m/s
ZOOM
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CRA (Lannemezan)AnabaticsKatabatics
Mean wind speed = 1.7 m/s (range 1 – 3.2 m/s)
Anabatic formation
Anabatic end
Mean wind speed = 2.6 m/s (range 0.5 to 4.5 m/s)
Katabatic formation
Katabatic end
+1 h
+2.5 h
+4 h
-0.5 h
Site (600 m)
1500-2000 m
1000 m
> 2000 -2500 m
4 m/s7 m/s
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Salt Lake Valley (SLC)AnabaticsKatabatics
Mean wind speed = 2.7 m/s (range 1 – 5.5 m/s)
Anabatic formation
Anabatic end
Mean wind speed = 2.7 m/s (range 1.5 to 3.5 m/s)
Katabatic formation
Katabatic end
+1 h
-1 h
+2.5 h
--- h
Mountains at 30 km
Site(1300 m)
2000 – 2500 m
7 m/s8 m/s
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Mountain breezes comparison
- OBJ. 2 - Analysis of impacts in CO2/water vapour concentrations and fluxes:
- CO2 diurnal cycle. What is the influence of the mountain breezes?- H2O not analysed yet! (and more complicated)
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Example
Katabatic event
15/07/2017
La Herrería
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CO2 analysis
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CO2 jump
CO2 night evolution
CO2 decrease
Example
Katabatic event
15/07/2017
La Herrería
ASPECTS TO BE STUDIED
1. CO2 jump
- Is it related to the katabatic onset?- Which variables are controlling the
strength of the CO2 jump?
- How does it change along the year?
2. CO2 night evolution (slope)
- Positive during summer?- Negative during winter?- Annual evolution?- CO2 pic always at the beginning of the
SBL related to very low turbulence
3. CO2 decrease
- Speed of morning transition?
CO2 dynamics more related to PBL dynamics (degree of turbulence) and biological activity
THERE IS NO EFFECT OF LOCAL ADVECTIONS DUE TO KATABATIC/ANABATIC? 12
CO2 analysis
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CO2 jumpand
kat. onset
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CO2 analysis
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CO2 analysis
Mean CO2 concentration during katabatics events
LA Herrería Salt Lake Valley
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Mean CO2 concentration during katabatics events
LA Herrería CRA
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CO2 analysis
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CO2 jump distribution
LA Herrería CRA
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CO2 analysis
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Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Date
Slop
e (p
pm/1
0min
)CO2 slope during the event without inital and final hours
CO2 night evolution
SUMMER
WINTER
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CO2 analysis
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ONLY KATABATIC, ONLY DURING NIGHTTIME,
HOW THE WIND DIRECTION IS INFLUENCING THE CO2 CONCENTRATION?
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LA Herrería
CO2 analysis
Wind direction ( + - 5º)
∆CO2(ppm)
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CRA
ONLY KATABATIC, ONLY DURING NIGHTTIME,
HOW THE WIND DIRECTION IS INFLUENCING THE CO2 CONCENTRATION?
CO2 analysis
∆CO2(ppm)
Wind direction ( + - 5º)
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SLC
ONLY KATABATIC, ONLY DURING NIGHTTIME,
HOW THE WIND DIRECTION IS INFLUENCING THE CO2 CONCENTRATION?
Still preliminaryNeeds to be analyzed and discussed.
CO2 analysis
∆CO2(ppm)
Wind direction ( + - 5º)
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BLLAST. Testing the detection algorithm (Pablo and Imen)…
Does the mountain-breezes detection algorithm work during BLLAST? YES!
Comparison with Jimenez et al. work on Vallée d’Aure.
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BLLAST. CO2 over different surfaces
BLLAST campaign statistics
ANABATICS KATABATICS
BLLAST
2017
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BLLAST. CO2 over different surfaces
01/07 00:00 01/07 06:00 01/07 12:00 01/07 18:00 02/07 00:00 02/07 06:00 02/07 12:00 02/07 18:00 03/07 00:00 03/07 06:00 03/07 12:00
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Varia
tion
par r
appo
rt au
x m
oyen
nes
jour
naliè
res
(ppm
)
Anabatique Catabatique AnabatiqueCatabatique
Tower – 30 m
Grass – 2,55 m
Wheat – 3 mCorn – 3 m
Moor – 3 m
Wheat – 3 mGrass – 2,55 m
Tower – 30 mMoor – 3 mCorn – 3 m
AVERAGE
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BLLAST. Katabatic and anabatic wind distributions
Wind distributions
ANABATIC
POST-ANABATIC
KATABATIC
POST-KATABATIC
Interesting and particular period of transition, near-calm period, low turbulence… and high concentrations!
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BLLAST. CO2 over different surfaces
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100Evénements catabatiques: variation des concentrations en dioxyde de carbone en fonction de l'énergie cinétique turbulente∆CO2 Vs TKE during katabatics
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TKE (m2/s2) (ranges)
∆CO2(ppm)
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0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100Evénements catabatiques: variation des concentrations en dioxyde de carbone en fonction de l'énergie cinétique turbulente∆CO2 Vs TKE during katabatics
BUT THIS DOES NOT HAPPEN AT 30 M!!26
BLLAST. CO2 over different surfaces
TKE (m2/s2)
∆CO2(ppm)
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BLLAST. CO2 over different surfaces
TKE (m2/s2) (ranges)
∆CO2(ppm)
At 30m, more turbulence means more CO2
concentration due to the better mixing with CO2-rich air from below
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Conclusions
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- A lot of statistics can be performed –> Many variables available in the same prepared matrix
- Deep analysis of results still pending More in BLT-AMS?
- CO2 seems more linked to diurnal cycle of PBL height, turbulence and… biological activity?
- Difficult to study similar cases without mountain breezes (modelling?) CLASS?
- Pending to analyse effect of changes in fluxes (through changes in wind speed?)
- Pending to analyse q, LH
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Thanks!
Picture taken close to La Herrería site, looking North.
Courtesy of J. A. Arrillaga and Carlos Yagüe
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