B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC KINH T THNH PH H CH MINH

K YU HI THO NN KINH T S TRC BI CNH CUC

CCH MNG CNG NGHIP LN TH 4

NH XUT BN THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG

NN KINH T S TRC BI CNH CUC

CCH MNG CNG NGHIP LN TH 4

Chu trch nhim xut bn, ni dung

Gim c - Tng bin tp:

TRN CH T

Bin tp ni dung:

NGUYN TIN PHT, BI HU L

Trnh by:

L H NG YN H NH

Bin tp sch in t:

NGUYN TIN PHT, BI HU L

Thit k ba:

L H NG YN H NH

S ng k k hoch xut bn: 4487 2018/CXBIPH/2 206/TTTT

S quyt nh xut bn: 85/Q NXB TTTT ngy 11 thng 12 nm 2018

Np lu chiu Qu IV nm 2018

M ISBN: 978-604-80-3565-5

i

MC LC

STT TN BI VIT Trang

CHNH PH IN T, KINH T PHT TRIN, V

QUN TR NGUN NHN LC

1. CHNH PH QUN L IN T I VI DOANH

NGHIP VIT NAM: M HNH L THUYT, THC

TRNG V GII PHP

GS. TS. Nguyn ng Phong

TS. L Nht Hnh

Trng i hc Kinh T TP. HCM

3

2. NGHIN CU PHT TRIN DU LCH VIT NAM

TRONG THI I CCH MNG CNG NGHIP 4.0

Nguyn Th Thanh Nga

Khoa Du Lch, Trng i hc Hu

17

3. T FINTECH N REGTECH: VAI TR CA CHNH

PH, C QUAN IU TIT V C QUAN GIM ST

inh Th Thu Hng

Nguyn Tr Minh

Trn Ngc Th

Khoa Ti chnh, Trng i Hc Kinh t TP. HCM

27

4. LAO NG VIT NAM TRONG BI CNH CCH

MNG CNG NGHIP 4.0: NHNG C HI V

THCH THC T RA

ThS. ng Th Thanh Bnh

Trng i hc Thng Mi

35

5. O TO NHN LC K TON, KIM TON TRONG

BI CNH HI NHP V CCH MNG 4.0 C HI

V THCH THC

TRAINING OF HUMAN ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING

IN THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATION AND THE 4TH

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION OPPORTUNITIES AND

THREATS

ThS. L Th Ngc Mai

Khoa k ton kim ton, Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni

51

6. CAN THIP CA CHNH PH V QUYT NH U

T CA DOANH NGHIP: BNG CHNG TI VIT

NAM

ThS. Lng Th Tho

TS. L Th Phng Vy

PGS. TS. Trn Th Hi L

Trng i hc Kinh T TP. HCM

61

ii

GIO DC IN T

7. XUT M HNH PHN MM H TR SINH VIN

LUYN TP K NNG NGHE V NI TING ANH

BUILDING A SOFTWARE SUPPORTING STUDENTS

PRACTICING THEIR

ENGLISH LISTENING & SPEAKING SKILLS

Phm Ngc Duy

L Th Huyn Chu

Trng i hc Vn Lang

79

8. E LEARNING TRONG GING DY I HC VIT

NAM TRC XU TH CA CCH MNG CNG

NGHIP 4.0

NCS. L Th Thanh Tr

Trng i hc K thut Y t Hi Dng

87

9. CC NHN T NH HNG N S THNH CNG

CHO O TO TRC TUYN CC TRNG I

HC VIT NAM

TS. V Quc Thng Khoa K ton Kim Ton, Trng i hc M TP. HCM

95

10. MT VI GII PHP GP PHN NNG CAO CHT

LNG O TO THEO PHNG THC

E-LEARNING HIN NAY

ThS. L Th M An

Trng i hc An Giang

105

11. PHT TRIN H SINH THI S CHO GIO DC M

V O TO T XA TRC TUYN VIT NAM:

KHUNG TIP CN DA TRN PHNG PHP TIP

CN TON DIN

ThS. Nguyn Minh i

Trng i hc M TP. HCM

115

12. NHNG YU CU V K NNG C BN TRONG QU

TRNH GING DY CC MN L LUN CHNH TR

THCH NG VI CUC CCH MNG CNG

NGHIP 4.0

PGS.TS. Trn Mai c

Chnh Vn phng, Trng i hc Ngn hng TP. HCM

127

13. GIO DC I HC VIT NAM VI CCH MNG

CNG NGH 4.0

PGS.TS. Mai Th Hong Minh

Trng i hc Kinh t TP. HCM

TS. V Quc Thng

Trng i hc M TP. HCM

135

iii

KINH DOANH IN T, THNG MI IN T,

V H THNG THNG TIN KINH DOANH

14. CNG NGH THNG TIN NH HNG NH TH

NO N CH S NNG LC CUNG CP THNG TIN

CA H THNG K TON

TS. H Th Phng Dung

Vin K ton- Kim ton, Trng i hc Kinh t quc dn

147

15. C HI V THCH THC CHO THNG MI IN

T VIT NAM TRONG BI CNH CCH MNG CNG

NGHIP 4.0

ThS. Trn Th Hng

TS. Trng Thanh Hng

Trng i hc Cng nghip H Ni

157

16. BN V NG DNG 4.0 TRONG TI U HO CHT

LNG DCH V LOGISTICS DA TRN M HNH

GAP

Hong Thu Hng

Thi Bi Linh

Khoa Kinh doanh quc t - Marketing

Trng i hc Kinh t TP. HCM

167

17. THNG MI IN T TI TPHCM: MT GC NHN

V MI QUAN H GIA THNG MI IN T,

NNG CAO NNG LC CNH TRANH V HI NHP

QUC T

Nguyn Ngc Anh Th

Vin Nghin cu Pht trin TP. HCM

183

18. TC NG CA C IM QUN TR CNG TY N

CHU K LUN CHUYN TIN MT CA CC CNG

TY NIM YT TRN S GIAO DCH CHNG KHON

VIT NAM

T c Xun

V Vn Dt

Khoa Kinh T, Trng i hc Cn Th

191

19. BN V M HNH PHP L CHO DOANH NGHIP

IN T

TS. Trn Vn Long

Khoa Lut, Trng i hc Kinh t TP. HCM

205

20. NH MY THNG MINH V HIU QU SN XUT

CA DOANH NGHIP TRONG CUC CCH MNG

CNG NGHIP 4.0 NGHIN CU TI CNG TY

BOSCH VIT NAM

Bi Th Thanh

Trng i hc Kinh t TP. HCM

Nguyn Nh Thao

Cng ty Bosch Vit Nam

219

iv

FINTECH

21. VIRTUAL MONEY BITCOIN THE CRISIS OF TRUST

OR THE WAY TO RENOVATE FINANCIAL SYSTEM

NG TIN O BITCOIN KHNG HONG NIM TIN

HAY CCH I MI H THNG TI CHNH

Dr. Nguyen Hoang Tien

Thu Dau Mot University

243

22. XU HNG PHT TRIN TT YU CA INSURTECH

TRN TH TRNG BO HIM VIT NAM

INSURTECH THE TENDENCY OF VIETNAM

INSURANCE MARKET

TS. Trn Th Tun Anh

Khoa Ton - Thng k, Trng i hc Kinh t TP. HCM

249

23. TC NG CA FINTECH V NHNG VN T

RA I VI NGNH TI CHNH - NGN HNG VIT

NAM

ThS. Bi Th Lan Hng

Hc vin Ngn hng

263

24. LAN TA FINTECH TRONG H SINH THI KHI

NGHIP NN KINH T S: NHNG YU T QUYT

NH V HM CHO VIT NAM

L t Ch

Khoa Ti chnh, Trng i hc Kinh t TP. HCM

Trn Hoi Nam Trng i hc Kinh t TP. HCM

275

25. H SINH THI FINTECH V NHNG XU HNG

TRONG O TO V NGHIN CU KHOA HC

VIT NAM

L Quc Thnh

Trng i hc Ti Chnh Marketing

PGS. TS. Nguyn Hu Huy Nht

Trng i hc Kinh T TP. HCM

PGS. TS. Nguyn Khc Quc Bo

Trng i hc Kinh T TP. HCM

289

26. FINTECH V NGN HNG TI VIT NAM: HP TC

HAY CNH TRANH?

TS. Phan Thu Hin

Trng i hc Kinh t TP. HCM

TS. Phan Th M Hnh

Trng i hc Ti chnh - Marketing

295

v

SNG TO, I MI, KHI NGHIP

27. INTRODUCING ICT-BASED INNOVATIONS IN

MANAGEMENT PROCESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM

ENTERPRISES

Dr. Nguyen Hoang Tien

Thu Dau Mot University

303

28. MBA AS PIONEERING ROLE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF IR 4.0

MBA VAI TR TIN PHONG O TO KHI NGHIP

THI I CMCN 4.0

Nguyen Hoang Tien, PhD

Helena Chodkowska University of

Economics and Technology in Warsaw

311

29. VN KHI NGHIP SNG TO TRONG CUC

CCH MNG 4.0 NG BNG SNG CU LONG:

THC TRNG V CC KIN NGH

GS. TS. V Thanh Thu

Trng i hc Kinh T TP. HCM

319

30. KHI NGHIP I MI SNG TO NG BNG

SNG CU LONG, THC TRNG V GII PHP

TS. Nguyn Hng Gm

Trng phng Qun l Khoa hc Hp tc Quc t,

Trng Cao ng Kinh t - K thut Cn Th

333

31. C HI V THCH THC VN LN KHI NGHIP

CA PH N TRONG NN KINH T S

T Th Thanh M

Trng i hc An Giang

345

32. CHUYN I S: NGHIN CU THC TRNG V

XUT CHO DOANH NGHIP KINH DOANH BN L

VIT NAM

ThS. Nguyn Quang Huy

ng Minh Anh

Trng i hc Ngoi thng

353

33. MI QUAN H GIA VIC HC TP CA T CHC

V NNG LC I MI T CHC TRONG BI CNH

CCH MNG CNG NGH 4.0

Bi Th Thanh

Trng i hc Kinh t TP. HCM

Nguyn L Duyn

Cng ty ACS Trading Vit Nam

367

34. THANH NIN KHI NGHIP TRONG THI I CCH

MNG CNG NGHIP 4.0

ThS. Cao Th Hoa

Trng i hc An Giang

379

vi

1

CHNH PH IN T, KINH T

PHT TRIN, V QUN TR

NGUN NHN LC

2

3

CHNH PH QUN L IN T I VI DOANH NGHIP

VIT NAM: M HNH L THUYT, THC TRNG V GII PHP

GS. TS. Nguyn ng Phong

TS. L Nht Hnh

Trng i hc Kinh T Thnh Ph H Ch Minh

Tm tt

Trong bi cnh cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th 4 ang din ra mnh m trn

ton th gii, vn xy dng v trin khai hiu qu chnh ph qun l in t ni chung

v i vi doanh nghip (government-to-business (G2B)) ni ring v ang l mt

trong nhng vn c chnh ph Vit Nam c bit quan tm. Trn c s khi nim v

m hnh pht trin ca chnh ph qun l in t, kt hp vi ngun s liu phng vn

su 9 nh lnh o doanh nghip TP HCM v s liu th cp t cc ngun bo co

cng khai ca Chnh ph cng nh t Hip hi Thng mi in t Vit Nam, bi vit

ny phn tch thc t vic s dng dch v G2B ca cc cc doanh nghip Vit Nam.

Ngoi ra, nhn nh ca doanh nghip v hiu qu v nhng tr ngi chnh khi s dng

cc dch v G2B cng c thu thp v phn tch. Trn c s , bi vit xut mt s

gii php nhm hon thin dch v G2B cho chnh ph Vit Nam trong thi gian ti.

T kha: Chnh ph in t, dch v cng cho doanh nghip, Vit Nam.

1. t vn

Chnh ph in t (E-Government) tr thnh thut ng bao ph gn nh tt c

cc ng dng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng (vit tt l ICT) v ln sng chnh ph

in t ang gia tng nhanh chng thng qua cc t chc cng v hot ng qun tr cng

trn ton th gii (Fang, 2002). Chnh ph in t to iu kin cho s gia tng tng tc

gia cc c quan nh nc v phc v ngi dn, doanh nghip. Theo , chnh ph in

t tn ti bn dng dch v chnh, bao gm: trao i gia c quan nh nc vi nhau

(G2G), trao i gia c quan nh nc vi doanh nghip (G2B), trao i gia c quan

nh nc vi ngi dn (G2C) v trao i gia c quan nh nc v cn b, cng chc,

vin chc (G2E) (Torres, Pina, & cerete, 2006; Fang, 2002; B Thng tin & Truyn

thng, 2015). Ngy cng nhiu nghin cu v nh hoch nh chnh sch tp trung vo

cc vn khc nhau ca chnh ph in t, cng nh tm kim s ng thun v sng

kin v khung kin trc chnh ph in t (Martins & Veiga 2018; Rokhman, 2011;

Torres et al., 2006; Tung & Rieck, 2005; Joia, 2004; Gupta & Jana, 2003). Trong khi cc

nghin cu trn th gii v mi quan h trao i gia c quan nh nc vi ngi dn

c thc hin ph bin, th nghin cu v mi quan h gia cc c quan nh nc vi

nhau, gia chnh ph v cng chc, vin chc, c bit l gia chnh ph vi doanh

nghip vn cn t hc gi quan tm.

Ti Vit Nam, trong nhng nm qua, ng, Chnh ph lun quan tm, coi trng

trin khai xy dng Chnh ph in t, c bit trong vic thc hin dch v cng trc

tuyn gia chnh ph v doanh nghip (G2B). Chnh ph trin khai mt s dch v

cng trc tuyn thit yu cho doanh nghip nh: ng k doanh nghip, k khai thu, np

thu, hi quan in t, bo him x hi; mt s b, ngnh x l h s cng vic trn

mi trng mng; ti mt s a phng, h thng thng tin mt ca in t c a

vo vn hnh, nng cao tnh minh bch v trch nhim ca i ng cng chc (Chnh

4

ph, 2018). Vic xy dng v hon thin dch v cng trc tuyn gia chnh ph v

doanh nghip s gip mi trng kinh doanh cho doanh nghip ngy cng minh bch v

thun li hn, c bit ci thin cung cp cc dch v cng ca ngnh thu, bo him, s

gip mi trng u t kinh doanh Vit Nam tng hng ng k (V V, 2018). Bn cnh

, vic p dng hiu qu cc dch v cng trc tuyn gip doanh nghip tit kim ng

k chi ph nhn lc v thi gian cng nh cc chi ph khng chnh thc khc (VEC M,

2018), cng nh gia tng cc li ch cm nhn khc cho doanh nghip, thay i mt s

quy trnh trong kinh doanh gip doanh nghip nng cao li th cnh tranh trong bi cnh

thng mi in t nh hin nay.

Tuy nhin, vic s dng dch v cng trc tuyn gia chnh ph v doanh nghip

(G2B) nc ta hin nay vn cn nhiu hn ch: cc h thng thng tin d liu cn cc

b, cha kt ni d liu lin thng gia cc c quan Nh nc, c bit l kt ni d liu

ca ngnh thu, hi quan v bo him x hi cha c thc hin; dch v cng trc

tuyn c doanh nghip s dng nhiu nht l khai bo thu, tip theo l dch v ng

k kinh doanh, cc dch v khc nh khai bo hi quan, th tc cp giy chp nhn xut

x in t, th tc tu bin cn rt hn ch. Theo s liu mi nht t Hip hi Thng

mi in t Vit Nam (VEC M, 2018) tnh n cui nm 2017 t l s dng dch v

G2B cn rt thp, ch c 30% doanh nghip tra cu thng tin trn cc website c quan

nh nc nm 2017; vic gii quyt th tc hnh chnh v x l h s cng vic cn

mang nng tnh th cng, giy t, thm ch c ti 27% doanh nghip iu tra cha bao s

dng dch v G2B. Bn cnh cn nhiu ro cn khc trong c ch u t ng dng

cng ngh thng tin; vic trin khai mt s ni cn mang tnh hnh thc; vic xy dng

trin khai cc c s d liu quc gia, h tng cng ngh thng tin lm nn tng phc v

pht trin Chnh ph in t cn chm; nhiu h thng thng tin trin khai cn cha

bo m an ton, an ninh thng tin (Chnh ph, 2018).

Nhm c ci nhn tng qut hn v dch v G2B ni chung, phn tip theo ca bi

vit s trnh by s qua v khi nim v m hnh chnh ph qun l in t. Tip theo ,

tm hiu su hn v thc trng s dng dch v G2B, ngoi vic thu thp s liu th

cp t cc ngun bo co cng khai ca chnh ph cng nh t Hip hi Thng mi

in t Vit Nam, bi vit ny cn s dng thm s liu t vic phng vn su 9 nh lnh

o doanh nghip thuc cc lnh vc khc nhau trn a bn TP.HCM. Bn cnh , vic

phng vn su cn nhm thu thp thm nhn nh ca doanh nghip v hiu qu v

nhng tr ngi chnh khi s dng cc dch v G2B, t xut ra mt s gii php

nhm hon thin dch v G2B cho chnh ph Vit Nam trong thi gian ti.

2. Khi nim v m hnh chnh ph qun l in t

2.1. Khi nim

2.1.1. Chnh ph in t (E-Government)

Chnh ph in t l mt thut ng chung cho cc dch v da trn web t cc B,

c quan ngang B, cc c quan thuc Chnh ph, v chnh quyn a phng. Trong

Chnh ph in t, Chnh ph s dng cng ngh thng tin v c bit l Internet h

tr cc hot ng ca Chnh ph, gn kt cng dn v cung cp cc dch v ca Chnh

ph. S tng tc c th c thc hin di dng cng dn truy cp thng tin, tip cn

h s, hoc thanh ton v nhiu hot ng khc thng qua world-wide-web (Sharma &

Gupta, 2003, Sharma, 2004, Sharma, 2006). Chnh ph in t c nh ngha bi cc

ngun khc nhau nh:

5

nh ngha ca Ngn hng th gii (bo co ca EM ): Chnh ph in t

cp n vic s dng cng ngh thng tin ca cc c quan chnh ph, c kh nng

chuyn i mi quan h vi cng dn, doanh nghip v cc mc tiu khc ca Chnh

ph. Nhng cng ngh ny c th phc v nhiu mc ch khc nhau: cung cp dch v

ca Chnh ph tt hn cho ngi dn, ci thin s tng tc vi doanh nghip, nng cao

quyn cng dn thng qua tip cn thng tin hoc qun l Chnh ph hiu qu hn. Li

ch thu c c th t tham nhng hn, tng tnh minh bch, thun tin hn, tng trng

doanh thu v / hoc gim chi ph.

nh ngha ca Lin hp quc (www.unpan.org) (bo co ca EM ): Chnh

ph in t c nh ngha l vic s dng Internet v world-wide-web cung cp

thng tin v dch v ca Chnh ph ti cng dn.

nh ngha ca T chc i thoi kinh doanh ton cu v thng mi in t -

GBDe (www.gbde.org) (bo co ca EM ): Chnh ph in t cp n mt tnh

hung trong cc c quan hnh chnh, lp php v t php (bao gm c chnh quyn

trung ng v a phng) s ho cc hot ng ni b v bn ngoi ca h v s dng

cc h thng mng hiu qu nng cao cht lng tt hn trong vic cung cp cc dch

v cng cng.

nh ngha ca Gartner Group: Ti u ha mt cch lin tc trong cung cp dch

v, s tham gia ca ngi dn v qun tr bng cch chuyn i cc mi quan h bn

trong v bn ngoi thng qua cng ngh, Internet v phng tin truyn thng mi.

nh ngha ca Nhm nghin cu v chnh ph in t trong th gii ang pht

trin (www.pacificcouncil.org): Chnh ph in t l vic s dng cc cng ngh thng

tin v truyn thng (ICTs) thc y hot ng ca Chnh ph ngy cng hiu qu v

hiu sut hn, to iu kin cho cc dch v Chnh ph d tip cn hn, cho php truy

cp thng tin ph bin hn v gip cho Chnh ph chu trch nhim nhiu hn i vi

cng dn. Chnh ph in t c th lin quan n vic cung cp dch v thng qua

Internet, in thoi, trung tm dch v cng (t phc v hoc to iu kin bi ngi

khc), thit b khng dy hoc cc h thng lin lc khc.

nh ngha ca UNESC (2005): Chnh ph in t l vic s dng cc cng

ngh thng tin v truyn thng thc y Chnh ph ngy cng hiu qu v hiu sut

hn, gip Chnh ph d tip cn v c trch nhim hn vi cng dn. Cc c im ca

Chnh ph in t bao gm: Cung cp dch v in t, quy trnh lm vic in t, b

phiu in t.

nh ngha ca T chc hp tc v pht trin kinh t ( ECD): Chnh ph in t

c nh ngha nh vic s dng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng (ICTs), c bit

l Internet, t c Chnh ph tt hn.

Mc d cc nh ngha v Chnh ph in t t nhiu ngun khc nhau nhng u

c nhng im chung. Chnh ph in t lin quan n vic s dng cng ngh thng tin

v c bit l Internet, ci thin vic cung cp cc dch v ca Chnh ph cho cng

dn, doanh nghip v cc c quan chnh ph vi nhau. Chnh ph in t cho php cng

dn tng tc v nhn cc dch v t Chnh ph, cc b, cc c quan ngang b, cc c

quan thuc Chnh ph hoc a phng 24 gi mt ngy, 7 ngy mt tun.

Chnh ph in t ang trong giai on pht trin ban u. Hu ht Chnh ph cc

quc gia trn th gii thc hin hoc ang thc hin cc sng kin cung cp dch v

Chnh ph trc tuyn. tim nng ca Chnh ph in t tr thnh hin thc, Chnh

ph cn phi ti cu trc v chuyn i cc quy trnh hot ng trc y, t chuyn

6

i ton b cc mi quan h gia cc c quan chnh ph vi cng dn, doanh nghip v

gia cc c quan chnh ph vi nhau (Leitner, 2003).

2.2. Cc giai on pht trin ca Chnh ph in t

Chnh ph in t thng tri qua cc giai on khc nhau t lc ng thng tin

trn trang web thc hin cc giao dch ti khi hon tt qu trnh giao dch em li

gi tr v li ch tht s cho cng dn. Vic phn chia cc giai on pht trin chnh ph

in t nhm xc nh giai on pht trin chnh ph in t ca mi c quan, cng nh

lm c s xc nh l trnh, k hoch trin khai chnh ph in t ng hng, ph hp

vi iu kin, nhu cu thc t.

Cc t chc khc nhau c cch phn chia cc giai on pht trin chnh ph in

t ca ring mnh, trong ni bt l cch phn chia ca Gartner (mt cng ty t vn,

nghin cu hng u th gii v cng ngh thng tin). Gartner xy dng mt m hnh

chnh ph in t bn giai on c th phc v nh mt ti liu tham kho cho cc chnh

ph xy dng mt d n ph hp trong s pht trin tng th ca mt chin lc chnh

ph in t. M hnh ny khng hm rng tt c cc chnh ph phi tri qua tt c cc

giai on ny. V cc giai on ny cung cp mt khung l thuyt, chng khng ph

thuc vo nhau, cng khng yu cu c mt giai on phi hon thnh trc khi mt giai

on khc bt u.

Giai on 1 Giai on 2 Giai on 3 Giai on 4

Thng tin Tng tc Giao dch Chuyn i

Hin din Thc hin

quy trnh

Hon thnh

giao dch Hon thnh

giao dch

Cung cp cc

thng tin c bn

v cc c quan

chnh ph nh

chc nng, nhim

v, a ch lin

h, thi gian lm

vic v c th

cung cp thm

cc vn bn lin

quan n x hi

Cc trang thng tin

in t ca cc c

quan chnh ph

cung cp cc chc

nng tm kim c

bn, cho php ti

v cc biu mu

in t, cc ng

lin kt vi cc

trang thng tin in

t lin quan, cng

nh a ch th

in t ca cc c

quan, cn b chnh

ph

Cc trang thng tin

in t ca cc c

quan chnh ph cho

php thc hin

hon chnh cc

dch v, bao gm

vic np h s, x

l h s, tr ph

dch v trc tuyn

Ngoi vic thc

hin cc chc nng

trong giai on 3,

CPT giai on

ny cung cp cho

ngi dn mt

im truy cp duy

nht ti cc c

quan chnh ph

thc hin mi giao

dch, cc hot ng

ca c quan chnh

ph l minh bch

vi ngi dn

Hnh 1: M hnh Chnh ph in t

Ngun: Gartner (2000)

7

2.3. Chnh ph qun l in t i vi doanh nghip (G2B)

Trong G2B, Chnh ph giao dch vi doanh nghip nh nh cung cp s dng

Internet v cc cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng khc. G2B bao gm cc giao dch v

tng tc hai chiu: Chnh ph vi doanh nghip v doanh nghip vi Chnh ph (B2G).

C rt nhiu dch v khc nhau gia Chnh ph v doanh nghip, bao gm vic cung cp

thng tin, cc dch v ca cc c quan chnh ph cho doanh nghip v cc dch v m cc

doanh nghip phi thc hin i vi Chnh ph. Cc c quan chnh ph cung cp thng

tin cho cc doanh nghip, ph bin cc qui nh, cc chnh sch, cc lnh, cc bn ghi

nh ca cc c quan chnh ph cho cc doanh nghip. Cc dch v chnh ph thc hin

cho cc doanh nghip thng l: Lm mi v gia hn cc loi giy php, cc chng nhn,

thanh tra v kim tra Cc dch v cc doanh nghip thc hin cho cc c quan chnh

ph l: Np thu, cung cp thng tin thng k kinh doanh, cung cp thng tin v tham gia

vo u thu - mua bn trc tuyn C Chnh ph v cc doanh nghip ci thin dn

mi quan h gia khu vc chnh ph v khu vc t nhn, thit lp mi quan h hp tc

tr gip Chnh ph - doanh nghip trong Chnh ph in t.

i vi Chnh ph in t, cng nh dch v cho ngi dn, dch v cho cc

doanh nghip tin ti thc hin ngoi gi hnh chnh, tin ti c thc hin 24 gi trong

ngy, 7 ngy trong tun, tt c 365 ngy trong nm. Cc hnh thc thc hin dch v ngy

cng phi c ci thin v tin ti thc hin trn nhiu phng tin, bt c u thun

li cho doanh nghip.

3. Thc trng Chnh ph qun l in t i vi doanh nghip Vit Nam

3.1. Quan im ch o ca nh nc v Chnh ph in t Vit Nam

Ti Vit Nam, trong nhng nm qua, ng, Chnh ph lun quan tm, coi trng

trin khai xy dng Chnh ph in t. Ngy 14/10/2015 chnh ph ban hnh Ngh quyt

36a nhm to tin y mnh pht trin Chnh ph in t, nng cao cht lng, hiu

qu hot ng ca cc c quan nh nc, phc v ngi dn v doanh nghip ngy cng

tt hn. Tuy nhin, p ng yu cu trong tnh hnh mi, hin nay Vn phng Chnh

ph son tho d tho Ngh quyt v mt s nhim v, gii php trng tm pht trin

Chnh ph in t giai on 2018-2020, nh hng n nm 2025 (Chnh ph, 2018) v

ang ly kin ng gp ca cc c quan, t chc, c nhn trong v ngoi nc. Hn

na, B Thng tin v Truyn thng cng ban hnh hung kin trc Chnh ph in t

Vit Nam (B Thng tin & Truyn thng, 2015) v rt nhiu hi ngh, hi tho t Trung

ng, n a phng v b, ngnh lin quan n Chnh ph in t, thng mi in t

c tin hnh.

Nh nhng n lc , Vit Nam c s ci thin ng k trong bng xp hng

Ch s pht trin Chnh ph in t EGDI ca Lin hp quc, c th: nm 2018 Vit

Nam xp hng 88/193, nm 2016 xp hng 89/193 v nm 2014 xp hng 99/193. Trong

khu vc SE N nm 2018 Vit Nam xp th 6 sau Singapore, Malaysia, Phillippines,

Thi Lan v Brunei v Ch s pht trin Chnh ph in t; trong , Ch s dch v cng

trc tuyn ( nline Service Index - SI) v Ch s tham gia in t (E-Participation

Index) Vit nam c Lin hp quc xp vo nhm mc cao (tng t 0,5 n 0,75)

(UN, 2018).

8

(Ngun: B Thng tin & Truyn thng, 2015)

Hnh 2: S tng th Khung kin trc Chnh ph in t Vit Nam

3.2. Thc trng trin khai Chnh ph qun l in t cho cc doanh nghip

3.2.1. Cc dch v cng trc tuyn c cung cp v s kt ni d liu

Hin nay, tt c 30/30 c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph v 63/63

UBND cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng c Trang/Cng thng tin in t.

Cc dch v cng trc tuyn cung cp cho doanh nghip rt a dng v t nhiu B, c

quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph v cc a phng, vi cc dch v ch yu

nh: ng k kinh doanh, ng k/khai bo thu in t, cp giy php u t, tra cu

trng thi h s th tc hnh chnh, cp giy php xy dng, th tc tu bin, nhp cnh,

xut cnh, qu cnh, th tc cp giy php chng nhn xut x in t, khai bo hi

quan, bo him x hi Nh vy, theo cch i chiu cc giai on pht trin ca chnh

ph in t Hnh 1, th hu ht cc dch v mi ch t giai on 1 v 2. Tuy nhin,

hin ti c 4 lnh vc cung cp cc dch v cng trc tuyn n giai on 3, 4, bao

gm: Bo him x hi, thu, hi quan v ng k kinh doanh (ictnews, 2018)

3.3.2. nh gi thc trng s dng dch v cng trc tuyn ca doanh nghip

Phn ny tm hiu thc trng tra cu thng tin trn cc websites ca c quan nh

nc (tng ng vi vic cung cp Giai on 2) v s dng cc dch v cng trc

tuyn (tng ng vi vic cung cp Giai on 3 v 4) ca cc doanh nghip c

phng vn cng nh s liu th cp t VECOM (2018) v itcnews (2018)

a. Tra cu thng tin trn cc website c quan nh nc

Trong s 9 doanh nghip tham gia phng vn su, c 5/9 doanh nghip thng

xuyn, 3/9 doanh nghip thnh thong v 1/9 doanh nghip cha bao gi tra cu thng tin

trn cc website c quan nh nc. S liu phng vn su kh tng ng vi s liu th

cp theo bo co ca VEC M (2018), t l doanh nghip thng xuyn, thnh thong

hoc cha bao gi tra cu cc thng tin trn cc website c quan nh nc nm 2017 ln

9

lt l 30%, 62% v 8% (Hnh 3). c bit, nhm doanh nghip ln c mc quan tm ti

thng tin trn cc website c quan nh nc cao hn nhm cc doanh nghip nh v va.

(Ngun: VECOM, 2018)

Hnh 3: Xu hng tra cu thng tin trn cc website c quan nh nc qua cc nm

b. S dng dch v cng trc tuyn

Tt c cc doanh nghip tr li phng vn su trong nghin cu ny u cho bit

c s dng cc dch v cng trc tuyn lin quan n th tc ng k, cp php, khai

bo, tra cu trng thi h s th tc hnh chnh cung cp trn website. Trong khi s

liu th cp t VEC M (2018) cho thy t l s dng dch v cng trc tuyn lin quan

ti cc th tc thng bo, ng k, cp php ca doanh nghip nm 2017 l 73%,

tng t t l ny ca nm 2016.

(Ngun: VECOM, 2018)

Hnh 4: S dng dch v cng trc tuyn qua cc nm

Cng trong bo co cho thy, khai bo thu in t vn l dch v cng trc

tuyn c doanh nghip s dng nhiu nht (88%), s lng doanh nghip ng k

10

tham gia s dng dch v vi c quan thu l trn 518.000 doanh nghip trong tng s

534.000 doanh nghip ang hot ng. Theo Cc Tin hc ha (B Thng tin &Truyn

thng), Tng cc Thu trin khai ng dng hon thu in t t ngy 15/5/2017 trn

ton quc; c 1.344 doanh nghip k khai hon thu in t vi tng s 3.117 h s

c tip nhn v tng s tin ngh hon thu l hn 17,1 nghn t ng.

(Ngun: VECOM, 2018)

Hnh 5: Tnh hnh s dng mt s dch v cng trc tuyn

C ti 42% doanh nghip s dng dch v ng k kinh doanh, trong TP.HCM

t 57,48%; H Ni t 68,9%. V t l ng k u t qua mng in t, c 8.953 h

s ng k u t, trong s h s k khai qua mng l 3.493 h s, t t l 39%. Cc

dch v khc nh khai bo hi quan v th tc cp giy chng nhn xut x in t c

mc s dng thp hn. i vi lnh vc Bo him x hi, thi gian thc hin cc th

tc hnh chnh tham gia v hng cc ch Bo him x hi, Bo him y t ca cc

n v, doanh nghip gim 290 gi (khong 75% thi gian), t 335 gi/nm xung

cn 45 gi/nm. i vi lnh vc Hi quan, trin khai, a vo s dng h thng

thng quan in t VN CCS/VCIS ti 100% cc Cc, Chi cc Hi quan c nc thc

hin thng quan in t, gim thi gian thng quan hng ha. Hin nay tng s doanh

nghip tham gia h thng VN CCS/VCIS l khong hn 80.000 doanh nghip. Cc

dch v khc nh khai bo hi quan v th tc cp giy chng nhn xut x in t c

mc s dng thp hn.

3.3. nh gi li ch ca dch v G2B

Qua nh gi ca cc doanh nghip c phng vn c th thy gi tr cc dch v

cng trc tuyn ni chung cng nh mi trng kinh doanh cho doanh nghip ngy cng

minh bch v thun li hn. Tt c doanh nghip tr li phng vn su trong nghin cu

ny u khng nh vic p dng hiu qu cc dch v cng trc tuyn gip doanh

nghip: (1) gim bt rm r, thi gian, nhn lc cho cc th tc hnh chnh; (2) tip cn

cc dch v cng mt cch nhanh chng, kp thi; (3) gim chi ph kinh doanh, nht l

cc chi ph khng chnh thc; (4) tng hiu qu hot ng ca doanh nghip; (5) tng kh

nng cnh tranh.

3.4. nh gi tr ngi trong qu trnh s dng dch v G2B

11

t qu phng vn su cc doanh nghip ch ra rng, tr ngi chnh i vi doanh

nghip trong vic thc hin G2B l vic trin khai dch v cng trc tuyn vn cn mang

tnh hnh thc, khng t nh k vng do ngi s dng cng ngh thng tin, s n trnh

ca cn b, cng chc v vn cn tnh trng nhng nhiu, tiu cc. Mt s c quan,

ngi ng u cha trc tip ch o, iu hnh hot ng dch v cng trc tuyn, xy

dng Chnh ph in t hoc cng tc ch o thiu quyt lit, cha gng mu.

Tip theo, mi trng x hi v tp qun kinh doanh cng nh hng rt ln n

hiu qu p dng dch v cng trc tuyn. Vic gii quyt th tc hnh chnh v x l h

s cng vic ca c quan hnh chnh nh nc vn cn mang nng tnh th cng, giy t,

ngi dng cng ngh do s mt quyn kim sot, mt vai tr v khi cng khai, minh bch

s b gim st.

Bn cnh , cc doanh nghip cho bit tr ngi khi trin khai p dng cc dch v

cng trc tuyn l cc c s d liu quc gia, h thng thng tin ct li to nn tng ng

dng cng ngh thng tin, pht trin Chnh ph in t chm c trin khai; cc h

thng thng tin, c s d liu c trin khai thiu s kt ni, chia s.

Hn na, mi trng php l cha hon thin, thiu cc quy nh c th v vn

th, lu tr in t, gi tr php l ca vn bn in t v cc vn bn quy nh vic s

dng cc vn bn in t trong giao dch hnh chnh, thanh ton. n ninh mng cha

m bo cng l nhng tr ngi doanh nghip s dng cc dch v cng trc tuyn.

Cui cng, cc doanh nghip cho rng cha c hng dn c th khi s dng

dch v cng trc truyn. Cc chc nng ca dch v cng trc tuyn gy kh khn cho

ngi s dng. Dch v cng trc tuyn tuy c tng v s dch v nhng dch v cng

trc tuyn giai on 3, 4 cn rt thp (giai on 3 khong 10%; giai on 4 khong

2%). Dch v cng trc tuyn nht l cc a phng trin khai ring l, cha ng b

dn n trng lp, kh c kh nng kt ni, chia s. Cc dch v giai on 3, giai on 4

c hiu qu cha cao, cha c h s trc tuyn hoc s lng h s trc tuyn cn thp

(nm 2017 t l dch v c h s trc tuyn ca cc B, ngnh giai on 3 chim

39,93%; giai on 4 chim 55,16%; cc tnh, thnh ph giai on 3 chim 11,46%; giai

on 4 chim 12,11%).

4. Mt s gii php nhm hon thin dch v G2B

T kt qu phn tch thc trng v da vo nh gi ca doanh nghip v tr ngi

trong qu trnh s dng G2B, nhm nghin cu a ra mt s gii php nhm hon thin

dch v G2B trong thi gian ti nh sau:

4.1. Ci thin tin ti xa b tnh hnh thc ca vic cung cp dch v G2B

Hin ti vic cung cp dch v G2B vn cn mang tnh hnh thc ch yu l do t

duy nhn thc ca cn b cng chc khi t chc thc hin dch v G2B. Cn thay i

nhn thc ca cn b cng chc, vin chc nh nc bi h thng quen vi trng thi

thoi mi trong cng vic. Nht thit phi chuyn i t duy ca cn b cng chc, vin

chc t t duy qun l sang t duy phc v m bo s tip cn d dng v cng

bng ca doanh nghip i vi dch v G2B. Tt c cc lnh o v cng chc, vin chc

trong cc c quan Chnh ph phi nhn thc ng v hiu c tm quan trng ca

Chnh ph in t. Chnh ph cn ban hnh vn bn php lut p dng giao dch in t

nhng ni dung bt buc trnh vic trin khai thc hin chnh ph in t vi doanh

nghip ch mang tnh cht i ph, khng tnh trng nhng nhiu, tiu cc din ra. Cn

thit phi c s cam kt v vic thay i v lnh o cc b, ngnh, a phng phi chu

trch nhim v cn lm gng nhn vin noi theo.

12

o to l cng vic quan trng gip cn b cng chc, vin chc lm quen vi

cc k nng mi cn thit cho Chnh ph in t. Cc kha hc nh hnh chnh cng

hin i, thay i quy trnh nghip v, thay i cch qun l, cng ngh thng tin v qun

l nh nc in t rt quan trng trong vic trin khai thnh cng Chnh ph in t.

Ngoi ra, Chnh ph nn t chc cc kha bi dng nng cao nhn thc v nhng gi

tr m Chnh ph in t mang li v s cn thit phi thay i ngay t bn trong ni b

Chnh ph, khng ch cp chnh quyn trung ng m c cp a phng.

4.2. Thay i tp qun kinh doanh ca doanh nghip

Cn thay i dn tp qun kinh doanh ca doanh nghip, nht l thi quen giao

dch giy t, thch dng tin mt ca cng dn, doanh nghip v cn b cng chc, vin

chc thng qua tuyn truyn, gio dc ngi dn v doanh nghip nhn thc c gi

tr ca chnh ph in t v thng mi in t. c bit, cn ch trng cng tc tp

hun, o to cho cc doanh nghip khi nghip v th h tr hin nay nhm y mnh

ng dng cng ngh trong hot ng kinh doanh, iu hnh doanh nghip.

4.3. Pht trin c s h tng k thut

S thnh cng ca qun l nh nc in t i vi doanh nghip ph thuc rt

nhiu vo c s h tng cng ngh thng tin. Do , Chnh ph cn ch trng vo pht

trin cc thnh phn quan trng khc ca c s h tng chnh ph in t quc gia nh:

c s h tng my tnh; trung tm d liu; khung kin trc chnh ph in t vi 3 thnh

phn bao gm khung kin trc dch v, khung kin trc quy trnh v khung kin trc d

liu; khung tng thch; v chnh sch tn min. C s h tng cn c xy dng cho tt

c cc kha cnh ca qun l nh nc in t, cho php cung cp dch v cng t Chnh

ph v tip cn dch v cng ca doanh nghip t hiu qu cao hoc thm ch cho php

t ng ha ti cc c quan chnh ph. Ngoi ra, Chnh ph nn m bo s phi hp

pht trin c s h tng mt cch ng b to nn s kt ni v chia s d liu gia cc

b, ngnh v a phng.

C s h tng cn thit lp trn phm vi ton quc, cc khu vc th ca t

nc c trang b nhiu phng tin, thit b cng ngh thng tin. Do , Chnh ph

cn ch nhiu hn n vng nng thn v vng su vng xa ca t nc trnh xy

ra s phn chia k thut s.

4.4. Hon thin cc vn bn lut v b lut c bn cho Chnh ph in t v thng

mi in t

Theo kinh nghim cc quc gia pht trin v Chnh ph in t, nn tng th ch

Chnh ph in t phi i trc, trong khi chng ta cn thiu nhiu quy nh v chnh

sch. T nm 1997, Singapore ban hnh 4 lut c bn h tr trin khai Chnh ph

in t v thng mi in t, bao gm: Lut Giao dch in t, Lut S hu tr tu sa

i, Lut S dng my tnh sai mc ch h tr truyn thng k thut s v Lut Bng

chng in t dng trong xt x cc v n. V vy, xy dng Chnh ph in t ti

Vit Nam yu cu hon thin, thay i v xy dng khung lut php lin quan n vic

nhn din dng d liu/thng tin in t, ch k in t, lu tr in t, t do thng tin,

bo v d liu, phng chng ti phm mng, lut quyn s hu tr tu, thng mi in

t Tuy nhin, t c tt c iu ny cng mt lc l iu gn nh khng th, do

Chnh ph cn xy dng l trnh thc hin theo tng giai on, tng b, ngnh, a

phng c th.

Trong tng tc ca G2B, mt giao tip hai chiu din ra gia doanh nghip v

Chnh ph, do vn bo mt d liu v quyn ring t ca thng tin doanh nghip

13

rt quan trng. V vy, cc doanh nghip tham gia phng vn su cho rng cc quy nh

cn c thit lp ph hp lu tr v truyn d liu trc tuyn an ton, bo m an

ninh thng tin mi c th pht trin dch v G2B Vit Nam.

4.5. Nng cao nng lc, k nng, trnh cho cc cp qun l v ngi lao ng trong

doanh nghip

y mnh tuyn truyn, ph bin nng cao thc cho cc cp qun l v ngi

lao ng trong doanh nghip trong vic thc hin dch v cng trc tuyn. Chnh ph cn

thng xuyn t chc tp hun nghip v cho doanh nghip v cc dch v cng trc

tuyn, o to b sung v chuyn mn nghip v, m bo nm y th tc hnh

chnh theo tng nhm ngnh i vi lnh o v nhng ngi ph trch G2B trong

doanh nghip t khu tip nhn n khu tr kt qu. T nng cao cht lng i ng

G2B trong doanh nghip, gp phn m bo tnh cng khai, minh bch, nng cao cht

lng cn b cng chc thc hin qun l v cung cp dch v cng trc tuyn.

Cc doanh nghip cn tng cng ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong kinh doanh,

y mnh s dng internet phc v tip th v kinh doanh, s ha cc vn bn giy t

trong qun tr doanh nghipni mng thng nht bng phn mm qun tr cc hot

ng sn xut kinh doanh.

4.6. Hon thin dch v cng trc tuyn vi doanh nghip

Xy dng Chnh ph in t khng ch gn kt cht ch vi ci cch th tc hnh

chnh m cn phi y mnh thc hin cung cp dch v cng trc tuyn nh giai on 3

v giai on 4.

Rt nhiu quc gia cung cp quyn truy cp thng tin v dch v d dng cho cng

dn, doanh nghip, cng ng quc t thng qua Cng dch v cng quc gia duy nht.

V vy, Vit Nam cn y nhanh qu trnh hon thin Cng dch v cng quc gia

doanh nghip d dng truy cp thng tin v s dng dch v cng.

Cng dch v cng quc gia nn c trnh by thng tin ton din v tt c cc

kha cnh v thnh phn ca Chnh ph; phi d s dng cho tt c khch truy cp vo

cng thng tin, k c nhng ngi ln u truy cp; cung cp mt ca s truy cp duy

nht tm kim thng tin v dch v, c phc v in t bi cc t chc v b phn

lin quan; thng tin v ni dung ngoi tnh ton din v hon chnh, phi m bo tnh

o c, chnh xc v lun c cp nht t c v duy tr mc tin cy ca

doanh nghip; phi c xy dng t gc cng dn hoc ngi dng ch khng

phi t quan im ca Chnh ph; cc cng c v cng ngh trin khai trong vic pht

trin, lu tr v bo tr phi l nhng cng ngh mi nht m bo tn sut hot ng

24/7.

4.7. X hi ha, cng tc hay thu ngoi mt s dch v y nhanh qu trnh qun

l chnh ph in t

Quan h i tc cng t to nn kt qu ng mong i so vi mua sm truyn

thng hoc t nhn ha. Chia s ri ro, i mi, cnh tranh v hiu qu mang li bi cc

i tc t nhn l nhng nhng c im chnh hng ti quan h i tc cng t hu

ch.

Cc d n Chnh ph in t thng c quy m ln v v cng quan trng v

khng ch i hi mt lng ln ti nguyn m cn i hi k nng a ngnh. Do , s

14

tr nn kh khn Chnh ph x l hon ton cc d n vo cng mt thi im vi

ngun lc ring ca mnh. Do , Chnh ph cn xy dng quan h i tc cng t tn

dng nhng th mnh v ngun lc ca cc i tc khu vc t nhn trong qu trnh xy

dng Chnh ph in t k c cc t chc phi chnh ph.

Quan h i tc cng t c th thc hin nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nng cao

hiu qu trong qu trnh trin khai Chnh ph in t nh: u t ti chnh, thit lp c s

h tng, la chn cng ngh v kin trc gii php, pht trin v qun l ni dung, kt

xut cc dch v u-cui cho cng dn, qun l quan h cng dn, trin khai cc d n

chnh ph in t (ton quc/khu vc), pht trin phn mm, qun l d n v nh gi

v nng cao nng lc.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. B Thng tin & Truyn thng (2015). Khung Kin trc Chnh ph in t Vit Nam. Ban hnh km theo Vn bn s 1178/BTTTT-THH ngy 21/4/2015 ca B Thng tin

v Truyn thng, H Ni. Ti ti http://cio.gov.vn/ban-hanh-khung-kien-truc-chinh-

phu-dien-tu-viet-nam-phien-ban-1.0

2. Chnh ph (2018). D tho Ngh quyt: V mt s nhim v, gii php trng tm pht trin Chnh ph in t giai on 2018-2020, nh hng n nm 2025. Ti

ti http://baochinhphu.vn/Chinh-sach-moi/De-xuat-giai-phap-trong-tam-phat-trien-

Chinh-phu-dien-tu/340748.vgp

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11. Sharma, S. K. (2006). E-Government Services Framework. In Encyclopedia of E-Commerce, E-Government, and Mobile Commerce (pp. 373-378). IGI Global.

12. Sharma, S. K., & Gupta, J. N. (2003). Building blocks of an e-government: A framework. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations (JECO), 1(4), 34-48.

http://cio.gov.vn/ban-hanh-khung-kien-truc-chinh-phu-dien-tu-viet-nam-phien-ban-1.0http://cio.gov.vn/ban-hanh-khung-kien-truc-chinh-phu-dien-tu-viet-nam-phien-ban-1.0http://ictnews.vn/cntt/nuoc-manh-cntt/4-linh-vuc-cung-cap-dich-vu-cong-online-cho-nguoi-dan-doanh-nghiep-dat-hieu-qua-cao-165579.icthttp://ictnews.vn/cntt/nuoc-manh-cntt/4-linh-vuc-cung-cap-dich-vu-cong-online-cho-nguoi-dan-doanh-nghiep-dat-hieu-qua-cao-165579.ict

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13. Torres, L., Pina, V., & Acerete, B. (2006). EGovernance developments in european union cities: Reshaping Governments relationship with citizens. Governance, 19(2),

277-302.

14. Tung, L. L., & Rieck, O. (2005). Adoption of electronic government services among business organizations in Singapore. The Journal of Strategic Information

Systems, 14(4), 417-440.

15. United Nations (2018). E-Government Survey. New York. Available at: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/portals/egovkb/documents/un/2018-

survey/e-government%20survey%202018_final%20for%20web.pdf

16. VEC M (2018). Ch s thng mi in t Vit Nam 2018. Truy cp ti: http://www.vecom.vn/tai-lieu/tai-lieu-trong-nuoc/bao-cao-chi-so-thuong-mai-dien-tu-

viet-nam-2018

17. VOV (2018). Th tng: Nu khng xy dng Chnh ph in t, Vit Nam s tt hu. Truy cp ti: https://vov.vn/chinh-tri/thu-tuong-neu-khong-xay-dung-chinh-phu-

dien-tu-viet-nam-se-tut-hau-762205.vov

https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/portals/egovkb/documents/un/2018-survey/e-government%20survey%202018_final%20for%20web.pdfhttps://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/portals/egovkb/documents/un/2018-survey/e-government%20survey%202018_final%20for%20web.pdfhttp://www.vecom.vn/tai-lieu/tai-lieu-trong-nuoc/bao-cao-chi-so-thuong-mai-dien-tu-viet-nam-2018http://www.vecom.vn/tai-lieu/tai-lieu-trong-nuoc/bao-cao-chi-so-thuong-mai-dien-tu-viet-nam-2018https://vov.vn/chinh-tri/thu-tuong-neu-khong-xay-dung-chinh-phu-dien-tu-viet-nam-se-tut-hau-762205.vovhttps://vov.vn/chinh-tri/thu-tuong-neu-khong-xay-dung-chinh-phu-dien-tu-viet-nam-se-tut-hau-762205.vov

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17

NGHIN CU PHT TRIN DU LCH VIT NAM TRONG THI

I CCH MNG CNG NGHIP 4.0

Nguyn Th Thanh Nga

Trng i hc Hu, Khoa Du Lch

Tm tt:

Cch mng cng nghip 4.0 to ra c hi v thch thc ln tt c cc lnh vc

trong c ngnh du lch v buc tt c cc thnh phn trong ngnh du lch, t cc c

quan qun l cho n cc doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v du lch phi hiu r cng

nghip 4.0 v xy dng k hoch trong pht trin du lch thi 4.0. V th, nghin cu ny

s cung cp cc khi nim v cng nghip 4.0, du lch 4.0 v cc thut ng lin quan.

ng thi, phn tch m hnh kinh t Thi Lan 4.0 v m hnh du lch 4.0 ca Thi

Lan. Chnh v nhng gi tr m d n Du lch 4.0 c ghi nhn to nn s thnh

cng cho du lch Thi Lan nn vic phn tch d n ny s to nn tng cho vic xut

cc gii php cho du lch Vit Nam. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy Thi Lan xc nh

c 5 yu t tr ct pht trin du lch trong thi i cch mng cng nghip 4.0

gm: qun l du lch bn vng; pht trin cc yu t mi trng v c s h tng h

tr du lch; tip th hin i cho nhng thay i trong tng lai; thnh lp doanh nghip

du lch v khi nghip da trn s i mi; v mt mng li hiu qu ca cc c quan

t nhn v cng cng y v nc ngoi trong sut chui cung ng du lch. Da vo

kt qu nghin cu t m hnh du lch 4.0 ca Thi Lan v cc phn tch v c hi thch

thc ca du lch Vit Nam xut cc gii php c th thc y pht trin du lch

trong thi i cch mng cng nghip 4.0.

T kha: cng nghip 4.0; du lch 4.0; Thi Lan 4.0, Vit Nam.

1. t vn

Cng nghip 4.0 l mt s kin hp nht, v tr thnh mt ct mc mi trong pht

trin cng nghip, chc chn s t ra nhng thay i ng k trong cch sn xut v

thng mi trong nhng nm ti. Cc yu t chnh thc y s ra i ca Cng nghip

4.0 l xut pht nhng sai lch v x hi, cng ngh, chnh tr, v kinh t [3]. Cc thch

thc chnh i vi cc doanh nghip trong mi trng 4.0 l vic tu bin hng lot,

chui cung ng hiu qu, nhn c thng tin kp thi v nhu cu v mong mun ca

khch hng, mi trng lm vic thng minh, v s kt hp ng n gia sn phm v

dch v [7]. Cng nghip 4.0 yu cu cc quy trnh linh hot v hiu qu cao ca cu trc

chui cung ng.

R rng, cch mng cng nghip t ra rt nhiu thch thc v cng ngh v sn

xut nhng mt s thch thc khc m cc nh nghin cu b qua l s pht trin, o

to v qun l ngun nhn lc theo mi trng 4.0 v yu cu ca ngun nhn lc trong

thi i cch mng cng nghip 4.0 v hu ht cc nghin cu ch tho lun v kha cnh

cng ngh [3]. Hn na, trong cc ti liu hin c v Cng nghip 4.0, hu ht cc nghin

cu ch tp trung vo cc cng ty sn xut, nhng ngnh dch v du lch li b b qua.

Cc vn nh hiu qu ca chui cung ng, Internet ca s vt (IoT), ci tin k thut

s, mi trng lm vic thng minh trong ngnh cng ngh v sn xut cng tng t tc

ng n ngnh dch v v du lch. Nghin cu ny gii quyt c hai vn ny bng

cch xem xt khi nim Cng nghip 4.0 v tc ng ca n trong quan im qun l

nhn s vi trng tm vo ngnh du lch. Trong ngnh du lch, s mong i ca du khch

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ang gia tng, v cc im n du lch, cc doanh nghip kinh doanh du lch cn phi p

ng c nhng mong i ny. ng thi, duy tr mc hi lng v trung thnh ca du

khch, v nng cao cht lng dch v. Nghin cu da trn vic phn tch thc tin ng

dng m hnh kinh t Thi Lan 4.0 v Du lch 4.0 v xut cc gii php cho Du lch

Vit Nam.

2. C s l thuyt v phng php nghin cu

2.1. C s l thuyt

2.1.1 Thut ng cng nghip 4.0

Tc ng qua li ca cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng, c bit l Internet of

Things (IoT) trong cc lnh vc cng nghip khc nhau tr thnh mt hin tng m

cc chuyn gia coi l cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th t: Cng nghip 4.0

hoc I4.0. Mc ch ca n l cch mng ha ngnh cng nghip thng qua cc "nh

my thng minh" s cho php s linh hot hn trong nhu cu sn xut, phn b ngun lc

hiu qu, v tch hp cc qu trnh; t gim st thit b n phn phi, thng qua vic s

dng cc cng ngh nh tch hp ca h thng vt l khng gian mng - Cyber-Physical

Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT) v Internet of Services (I S), v tng tc thi

gian thc gia my mc, phn mm v c nhn.

Do nhng bc nhy cng ngh gn y v tc i mi, ngnh cng nghip

phi i mt vi nhng thay i m hnh, cn gi l cc cuc cch mng cng nghip

(Lasi v cng s, 2014). Ba cuc cch mng cng nghip u tin c m t bng c

gii ho, s dng in nng cao, v t ng ha v in t (Lasi v cng s, 2014). Nn

kinh t ngy nay ang hng n cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th t, c trng bi

vic s dng cc h thng vt l khng gian mng, cc nh my thng minh v i mi

dch v (Lee v sng s, 2014). c ang ng vai tr dn u trong vic ln k hoch

cho s thay i m hnh tip theo, v h a ra tng v Cng nghip 4.0 trong cuc

cch mng cng nghip ln th t (Lee v sng s, 2014). hi nim Cng nghip 4.0

bt ngun t mt d n ca chnh ph c nhm thc y vic s ha hoc tin hc ha.

Ngi ta hy vng rng vic thc hin chin lc Cng nghip 4.0 c th gip cho nn

kinh t c tng thm 267 t euro (Heng, S. 2014). N khng c ngha l khi nim ny

ch p dng cho c; Trn thc t, Cng nghip 4.0 ang tr thnh mt chin lc chung

cho cuc cch mng cng nghip ln th t, v n ang c tho lun bi mt s nh

nghin cu trong cc bi cnh v nn kinh t khc nhau (Saldivar v cng s, 2016; ng

v cng s, 2016).

Ngnh cng nghip 4.0 l mt phn lp ca s chuyn i s trong cc doanh

nghip hin ti v cc quy trnh (Porter, M.E. v cng s, 2016). N c c trng bi

vic thc hin cc h thng vt l khng gian mng (CPS), v sn xut thng minh

(Shamim, S. v cng s, 2016).

hi nim Cng nghip 4.0 l mt s kin hp nht, v tr thnh mt ct mc mi

trong pht trin cng nghip, chc chn s t ra nhng thay i ng k trong cch sn

xut v thng mi trong nhng nm ti. Cuc cch mng ny c h tr bi s pht

trin ca cc h thng chuyn cc li th ph bin ca Internet v h thng thng tin i

vi h thng vt l; ct li ca cuc cch mng l s tng tc ca cc h thng s vi

cc h thng sn xut vt l. Cng nghip 4.0 s cung cp s linh hot v tnh mnh m

tuyt vi cng vi cc tiu chun cht lng cao nht trong cc quy trnh k thut, qun

19

l, sn xut, vn hnh v hu cn. N s pht huy cc chui gi tr ng, ti u ha trong

thi gian thc v vi mt t chc t ng ha, s xem xt cc bin s khc nhau nh chi

ph, kh nng thanh ton v s dng cc ngun lc v nhu cu th trng. S thay i m

hnh ny to ra mt c hi pht trin vt bc v sn xut, cng ngh thng tin v truyn

thng.

2.1.2. Mt s li ch ca cng nghip 4.0 trong sn xut.

Cng nghip 4.0 khng ch ni v cc h thng kt ni; cc thit b v my mc t

ng lin lc vi nhau, Cng nghip 4.0 cn nhiu li ch hn na. N mang li gi tr

thc s cho cc ngnh sn xut v m ra nhng kh nng mi v cht lng, tin cy

v hiu qu. Di y l 6 li ch ng k nht ca cng nghip 4.0 lin quan n h

thng kt ni v to ra hiu qu trong sn xut.

- im sot quy trnh: S kt ni mang li nhng quan im mi v cch mt nh my c vn hnh, nng cao hiu qu. Cc cng ty c th phn tch d liu v

cung cp thng tin c ngha u v khi no l cn thit nht. H cng c th

kim sot hiu sut ca cc nh khai thc. - Cc thng s chun: Cng nghip 4.0 cho php cc cng ty to ra mt h thng

sn xut thng minh v thng nht bng cch kt ni nhiu nh my vi nhau.

iu ny c ngha l h c th ngn nga tht bi v ln lt ci thin cht lng. - Thit lp cng vic nhanh: Vic thit lp mt cng vic cho sn xut l mt trong

nhng nhim v quan trng nht trong mi trng sn xut. - Cc quyt nh nhanh hn v tt hn: hi thit b c kt ni, d liu m h to

ra trc tip vo cc ng dng phn mm do ngi dng iu khin. Trong nhy

mt, h c th a ra cc quyt nh hiu qu hn nu h phi phn tch tng thit

b ca nh my mt ln. h nng kt ni cho php cc cng ty tip cn vi s

khng hiu qu v sm gii quyt vn . - Sn xut thch nghi: Vi IoT, cc cng ty c th gip khch hng cng nghip gii

quyt cc vn m trc y c cho l khng th gii quyt. Nh my mi 4.0

ang lin tc thch ng vi nhu cu ca khch hng, sa i sn xut v to ra cc

gii php ty chnh. - Qun l t xa: Cc nh my v quy trnh c iu khin t my tnh, khng c

gii hn thi gian (iu khin t xa t thit b di ng) hoc khng gian.

2.1.3. Pht trin khi nim Du lch 4.0.

4.0 ban u c s dng nh du s thay i din ra trong ngnh ch to

thng qua vic ng dng rng ri cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng (ICT), to ra cm

t Cng nghip 4.0. t 4.0 c p dng cho nhiu lnh vc khc nh Work

4.0; Healthcare 4.0 v trong c Tourism 4.0- Du lch 4.0. hi nim Du lch 4.0

c hiu l du lch trong thi i cng nghip 4.0. Du lch 4.0 l pht trin du lch mt

cch thng minh vi s h tr ca cng ngh s, to ra v cung cp cc dch v thun

tin nht cho khch du lch v lm du khch hi lng.

Trong thc tin, du lch 4.0 l mt sng kin ca t chc Du Lch Thi Lan vi

mc ch thc y tinh thn kinh doanh, h tr du lch v khi s du lch cng nh thc

y i mi du lch trong nc. Theo sng kin ny, t chc Du Lch Thi Lan hot ng

nh mt c quan t vn v iu phi vin bng cch thc y vic thnh lp cc lin

minh v hp tc gia cc i l khc nhau, to iu kin cho vic tip cn ti tr, o to

v t vn chin lc cho cc doanh nghip nh v va. Do , mt s sng kin c

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a ra k t khi thnh lp chng trnh, gp phn thc y mi trng kinh doanh nng

ng Thi Lan.

2.2. Phng php nghin cu

Nghin cu ny s a ra cc quan im v thut ng v cng nghip 4.0 nhm

cung cp mt ci nhn tng quan v vn ny. Thng qua , chng ti tp trung vo

vic nghin cu m hnh kinh doanh du lch trong thi i cng nghip 4.0 l nh th no

t a ra cc gii php xut pht trin du lch Vit Nam trong thi i cch mng

cng nghip 4.0. t c mc ch trn, nghin cu s dng phng php phn

tch ni dung, phn tch nh tnh cung cp h thng c s l lun v cng nghip 4.0,

pht trin du lch trong thi i cng nghip 4.0. c bit l s dng phng php nghin

cu trng hp (case study) ca du lch Thi Lan. y l phng php nghin cu in

hnh lin quan n vic nghin cu mt v d - mt trng hp - hin tng ang c

nghin cu. Mc ch ca phng php nghin cu trng hp l nhm tm hiu hin

tng ny bng cch nghin cu cc v d n l. Thc t l cc d n nghin cu s

dng phng php nghin cu in hnh thng ch lin quan n mt hoc vi trng

hp cho thy mt s tng t vi cc phng php nghin cu nh tnh v trong mt s

vn bn, phng php nghin cu trng hp c gp di cc "phng php nh

tnh" (Finn et al 200: 81) Yin (2003: 14) tuyn b: "... nghin cu trng hp c th da

trn bt k s kt hp ca cc bng chng nh lng v nh tnh". Mt d n nghin

cu in hnh thng s dng mt s ti nguyn d liu v cc k thut thu thp d liu,

bao gm: s dng bng chng ti liu, phn tch d liu th cp, phng vn su, iu tra,

quan st v quan st ca ngi tham gia.

3. Kt qu nghin cu

3.1. D n kinh t Thailand 4.0

Trong bi cnh gii hoch nh chnh sch kinh t ca Thi Lan nhn mnh s cn

thit phi xy dng m hnh pht trin kinh t mi cho nc ny, ngy 1/7/2016 m hnh

kinh t mi vi tn gi Thailand 4.0 ln u tin c Th tng Prayuth Chan-ocha

chnh thc cp khi pht biu trong chng trnh truyn hnh Mang li hnh phc cho

ngi dn. Trong pht biu Th tng Prayuth Cha-o-cha cho bit Chnh ph nc ny

ang khn trng hon thin v s bt tay trin khai mt m hnh kinh t mi, c gi

l Thailand 4.0. M hnh kinh t ny hon ton khc bit so vi cc m hnh pht trin

kinh t trc y nh vic huy ng s tham gia ca tt c khu vc Nh nc, khu vc t

nhn v ton th ngi dn Thi Lan cng vi vic ng dng cc tin b ca cuc cch

mng khoa hc, k thut v cng ngh trn th gii nng cao nng sut, hiu qu trn

tt c cc lnh vc ca i sng kinh t - x hi, qua mang li s pht trin n nh,

thnh vng v bn vng cho Thi Lan.

Vi s ra i ca m hnh Thailand 4.0, Thi Lan s kt thc 3 m hnh pht

trin kinh t trc , gm: M hnh Thailand 1.0 tp trung vo pht trin ngnh

nng nghip, nhm m bo an ninh lng thc cho ngi dn, song m hnh ny

khng to c ng lc thc y kinh t - x hi pht trin mnh m, theo trong giai

on ny Thi Lan vn l nc ngho. M hnh Thailand 2.0 tp trung vo pht trin

cc ngnh cng nghip nh, lp rp v dch v. M hnh ny gp phn quan trng a

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Thi Lan pht trin mnh, t nc c mc thu nhp thp tr thnh nc c mc thu nhp

trung bnh. M hnh Thailand 3.0 (c p dng cho n nay) tp trung pht trin cc

ngnh cng nghip nng nhm duy tr tc tng trng kinh t v a Thi Lan tr

thnh nc c thu nhp trung bnh cao. Tuy nhin, m hnh ny khng to c bc

pht trin t ph cho Thi Lan, khin nn kinh t ri vo tr tr, thiu bn vng v sau

hn mt thp k, nc ny vn lun qun trong by thu nhp trung bnh.

Ni dung ct li ca m hnh Thailand 4.0 l tp trung pht trin nn kinh t da

trn gi tr, sng to, i mi v cng ngh, nhm gii quyt hiu qu tnh trng pht trin

mt cn i, thu hp bt bnh ng trong x hi, m bo pht trin bn vng, xy dng

cc ngnh sn xut thng minh, cc thnh ph thng minh v con ngi thng minh,

nhm mc tiu sm a t nc Thi Lan thot khi by thu nhp trung bnh. Vic

trin khai m hnh ny c thc hin thng qua ng dng rng ri nhng thnh tu ca

khoa hc, k thut v cng ngh, nht l t ng ha, in t ha, cng ngh sinh hc v

cng ngh thng tin.

M hnh kinh t mi ny s c 3 thnh t chnh, gp phn to nn s thay i ng

k cho nn kinh t quc dn cng nh v th quc gia ca Thi Lan, gm: Th nht, tp

trung tng cng nghin cu, ng dng v pht trin khoa hc, cng ngh, i mi, sng

to v xy dng nn kinh t tri thc a Thi Lan tr thnh nc c thu nhp cao. Th

hai, tp trung xy dng mt x hi dn ch, thnh vng, bnh ng, hng th cng

bng nhng thnh qu ca s pht trin. Th ba, tp trung m bo pht trin bn vng

va t c tng trng kinh t cao, ng thi khng tn ph mi trng v khng

hy hoi cc yu t m bo s pht trin bn vng.

Chnh ph c nhiu bc chun b, nh: Chnh ph ch o tng cng cng

tc phi hp gia cc c quan chnh ph vi cc cng ty, doanh nghip t nhn v ngi

dn nhm pht trin ngun nhn lc, pht trin h thng c s h tng cng ngh thng

tin vin thng, h thng phn mm, phn cng... nhm thc y phong tro khi nghip

v k nguyn s Thi Lan. Hi ng Lp php thc y vic sa i, b sung v ban

hnh cc vn bn php quy nhm to hnh lang php l thun li cho cc doanh nghip,

nht l cc cng ty khi nghip, c iu kin ng dng cc thnh tu khoa hc - k thut

s. Chnh ph quyt nh thnh lp B inh t k thut s v hi, thay th B

Cng ngh thng tin v Truyn thng. B Cng nghip Thi Lan cng ra m hnh

cng nghip Thailand 4.0, theo , cng ngh thng tin cng nh cc h thng qun l

hin i s c p dng rng ri trong cc ngnh sn xut, nhm nng cao cht lng,

hiu qu v gi tr. Cc doanh nghip va v nh (SMEs) s c pht trin thnh cc

SME 4.0

3.2. D n Du lch 4.0 ti Thi Lan

T nm 2016, chnh ph Thi Lan c k hoch s dng chnh sch Thi Lan

4.0 thot khi khong cch thu nhp trung bnh v bin quc gia tr thnh nc c

thu nhp cao, mt trong nhng ng lc kinh t quan trng - du lch - cn y nhanh

chin lc ca mnh i ph vi s thay i, C quan Du lch Thi Lan (T T) cho

bit.

Du lch ng gp khong 20.6 % tng sn phm quc ni ca Thi Lan, theo Hi

ng Du lch v Du lch Th gii (WTTC). Yuthasak Supasorn, thng c T T khng

nh rng ngnh du lch l ngnh cng nghip gn vi mc tiu 4.0 ca Thi Lan nhm

22

to ra thu nhp cao. Hn na, tng cng pht trin du lch Thi Lan trong khi vn duy

tr truyn thng, vn ha v bn sc ca t nc.

Theo WTCC, cnh quan du lch ca th gii s c thay i vo nm 2020 khi

hn 1,6 t ngi s i du lch. Trong tng s , c 416 triu du khch s i n khu vc

chu -Thi Bnh Dng, ni Thi Lan l mt ngi chi ch cht. Nu con s du lch

ca Thi Lan tip tc tng mc chu -Thi Bnh Dng l 6,5% mi nm, n s cho

n 41,5 triu du khch vo nm 2020. V nu con s tng trng tr li k lc 15% mi

nm, s lng khch s nhy vt ti 71 triu. y s l ln u tin s lng khch du

lch v ngi dn a phng s bng nhau. T T tin rng s tng trng ny phi c

thc y bi s i mi, cng ngh, sng to v hp tc cng-t xy dng sc mnh

t bn trong a phng trc khi kt ni vi nn kinh t th gii, s dng th mnh ca

quc gia trong dch v vn ha, a dng sinh hc v vn ha lu i. T T cho bit s

chuyn sang Thi Lan 4.0 trong ngnh du lch hay c th gi l Du lch 4.0 vi nm c

ch: qun l du lch bn vng; pht trin cc yu t mi trng v c s h tng h tr

du lch; tip th hin i cho nhng thay i trong tng lai; thnh lp doanh nghip du

lch v khi nghip da trn s i mi; v mt mng li hiu qu ca cc c quan t

nhn v cng cng y v nc ngoi trong sut chui cung ng du lch. Trong khi

cc yu t mi trng s c xem xt khi c s h tng du lch pht trin, tip th hin

i s lm vic bt kp vi cng ngh v truyn thng nhanh. Th trng hin ti s

c gi li, trong khi th trng mi s c tm ra, thay v cnh tranh cho khch hng.

Thit lp mt mng li hp tc s lin quan n vic phn phi li ch ca li ch du

lch tr li cc khu vc a phng v thc y s tham gia ca cng ng. Ngoi vic

chun b cho s lng khch du lch cao hn d kin, Thi Lan cng c th phi t chun

b cho nhng thay i c cu trong dn s ca chnh mnh, chng hn nh t l ngi gi

cao hn, iu ny s lm phc tp tip th.

4. Gii php cho du lch Vit Nam

4.1. C hi pht trin du lch Vit Nam trong thi i cng nghip 4.0

Ti Vit Nam, t l ngi s dng internet t cc dch v du lch cha phi l

th mnh (mi ch chim 34%), ch yu vn l hnh thc t dch v trc tip vi cc nh

cung cp. Tuy nhin, con s ny c d bo s tip tc gia tng trong nhng nm tip

theo. y chnh l c hi cho Du lch Vit Nam thc y v khai thc lnh vc thng

mi in t, nu cn thit chng ta c th hng dn thm cho khch du lch v khuyn

khch cc doanh nghip du lch s dng thng mi in t trong cc giao dch. T

chng ta c th bt kp vi cc tnh khc cng nh cc nc khc trn th gii.

hch du lch cng ngy cng tip cn nhiu hn vi internet v cc ng dng h

tr tm kim thng tin v mua sm trc tuyn. Theo s liu ca cng ty IDM Vit Nam,

trong 5 nm tr li y, nhu cu tm kim cc thng tin v du lch trn mng ti Vit Nam

tng hn 32 ln. Trong , mi thng c hn 5 triu lt tm kim bng ting Vit v cc

sn phm du lch nh tour trong nc, tour nc ngoi, t phng khch sn, cc loi

hnh du lch. c bit, vo nhng ma cao im ca du lch ni a nh du lch h, s

lt tm kim c th ln n 8 triu lt. y cng l mt c hi du lch Vit Nam nu

tn dng c li th ca thng mi in t th sn phm du lch s n c vi du

khch nhiu hn na v gia tng cc giao dch trc tuyn. T , du lch Vit Nam khng

ch thu c li nhun t cc giao dch m cn tit kim c mt s khon chi ph cho

vic marketing v tip th.

23

Cc doanh nghip kinh doanh du lch Vit Nam c th hp tc vi goda hay

Booking.com nhm thc y qu trnh qung b v giao dch thng mi in t. Sau

tng bc to ra cc trang thng mi in t ring cho cc tnh thnh ph v pht trin

thng mi ton quc.

Trong nm 2017, Quc hi thng qua Lut Du lch (sa i) v Tng cc Du lch

ang xy dng n ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong ngnh du lch n 2020 v tm

nhn n 2030. l nhng chuyn ng mnh m nht t pha c quan qun l nhm

to iu kin cho du lch Vit Nam tn dng cc tin ch ca cng ngh thng tin trong

kinh doanh du lch.

4.2. Thch thc ca du lch Vit Nam trong thi i cng nghip 4.0

R rng, li ch v tc ng ca cch mng cng nghp 4.0 l rt ln cho s pht

trin du lch tuy nhin tn ti song song l nhng thch thc i vi du lch Vit Nam.

Nht l trong vic lm ch cng ngh trc kh nng cch mng cng nghip ln th t

s thay i nhng g du khch lm, s ring t, cch khch du lch s dng thi gian cho

cng vic v gii tr, phng thc tiu dng, ... v t i hi nh qun l v kinh

doanh du lch phi tm hiu v nm bt c th hiu v hnh vi ca khch du lch khi

nhng hnh vi tiu dng ca h b thay i bi cch mng cng nghip 4.0. Bn cnh ,

cch mng cng nghip cng lm thay i cch m cc doanh nghip kinh doanh du lch

cung cp dch v n ngi tiu dng. V d, mt s khch sn Nht Bn s dng

ngi my vi v tr l tn khch sn. i vi mt s du khch h cm thy rt hin i

v th v. Song mt s du khch vn cm thy s tng tc vi con ngi tht s mang

n cho h cm gic tht hn, thoi mi v tin tng hn. cng l mt tri ca cng

ngh, chng ta nn tn dng nhng cng ty vo nhu cu ca khch du lch.

Hn na, cch mng cng nghip 4.0 to ra th gii phng m cc nn kinh t trn

th gii nh hng ti nhau v nn du lch no c sc cnh tranh cao hn th s pht trin

mnh m hn. Hin ti, Vit Nam ang chm hn v thng mi in t l thch thc

lm gim kh nng cnh tranh ca du lch. Tuy nhin gim thiu thch thc ny du

lch Vit Nam cn tp trung pht trin dch v du lch c th hay ni cch khc l pht

trin sn phm du lch mi, cc tng kinh doanh du lch mi nhm tng cng nng

lc cnh tranh. iu ny c th c thc hin bng cch thc hin cc phng n u t

cho cc tng khi nghip.

4.3. Gii php cho du lch Vit Nam

Nghin cu ch ra nhng tr ct ca m hnh du lch 4.0. Da trn kt qu phn

tch t rt ra bi hc kinh nghim cho du lch Vit Nam. Chng ta cn khuyn khch

khi nghip trong lnh vc kinh doanh dch v, du lch. C th, cn t chc cc cuc thi

sng to, tng kinh doanh cc c nhn hoc tp th c mi trng thc y s

sng to v dn hnh thnh tng kinh doanh. Ngay c cc doanh nghip khch sn, nh

hng hay cng ty l hnh u c th t chc cc cuc thi sng to nhm ci thin cht

lng dch v ti cc c s kinh doanh . T , chng ta c th khai thc c cc

tng kinh doanh da trn cc gc nhn khc nhau v c th la chn cc tng kinh

doanh kh thi thc hin v ci thin cht lng dch v v hiu qu kinh doanh.

Chng ta cn thiu tnh t chc v cc chng trnh h tr cc doanh nghip tip

cn vi cc ngun ti tr. Hu ht l cc doanh nghip ca Vit Nam phi t xoay s

ngun vn. Trong khi ti Thi Lan h t chc rt bi bn v thnh cng trong vic

24

khai thc tng kinh doanh, cung cp vn u t, chia s kinh nghim kinh doanh t

cc c vn chuyn mn gip cc doanh nghip khi nghip thnh cng. hi cc doanh

nghip thnh cng th ng gp chung cho ngnh du lch ca nc nh ngy mt pht

trin hn. Chnh v vy, vic to ra cc chng trnh h tr vn cho cc doanh nghip

khi nghip l mt vic rt thit thc.

R rng, vic h tr cho cc doanh nghip khi nghip khng ch cn vn m h

cn c t vn t cc chuyn gia. Hip Hi Du Lch Vit Nam l ni cc doanh

nghip trao i kinh nghim v hp tc cng pht trin. Tuy nhin gip cho cc doanh

nghip khi nghip, chng ta nn c t chc mng li cc nh c vn nhm gip

thm cho cc doanh nghip mi khi nghip.

Mt vn quan trng na l cht lng ngun nhn lc du lch. Hin chng ta

cha c trng i hc Du lch, chng ta ch mi pht trin gio dc du lch m cc

hoa Du Lch hoc cc trng cao ng du lch. o to nhn lc sau i hc ngnh du

lch rt t ch yu l ging vin cc trng ch ng tm kim hc bng nc ngoi v

o to ti cc quc gia khc.

Ngoi ra, cc trng o to v Du lch thng tp trung H Ni, thnh ph H

Ch Minh, min trung th ch yu l ti Hu v Nng. Chnh v vy, ngun lc v du

lch phn b cha u, mt s tnh phi thu ht ngun nhn lc du lch t cc tnh ln

cn. iu ny dn n mt thc t l cc doanh nghip du lch trn a bn mt s tnh,

thnh ph phi tuyn lao ng ph thng khng c chuyn mn du lch v gy nhiu bt

cp trong vic to ra cht lng du lch. V vy vic pht trin ngun nhn lc du lch l

yu t quan trng gp phn nng cao c sc cnh tranh v thu ht u t vo th phn

du lch ca cc tnh ni ring v Vit Nam ni chung. Cc c s gio dc o to v du

lch nh trng Cao ng ngh, cc hoa Du Lch trc thuc cc trng i hc cn

a cc kin thc thc t vo bi ging v c nhng hot ng tham quan hay tr chuyn

vi cc doanh nghip sinh vin tip cn c vi thc tin. ng thi, cc trng nn

t chc cc cuc thi sng to nhm khi gi tng kinh doanh v s sng to ca sinh

vin ng gp cho s pht trin ca ngnh du lch.

5. Kt lun

u nm 2017, B Chnh tr ban hnh Ngh quyt 08-NQ/TW v pht trin du lch

tr thnh ngnh kinh t mi nhn. Tuy nhin, chng ta cha tht s nhn nhn s pht

trin ca ngnh du lch b tc ng nh th no trong thi i cng nghip 4.0. Nghin

cu cung cp cc thut ng v khi nim lin quan n cng nghip 4.0. c bit l

vic phn tch d n kinh t Thi lan 4.0 v m hnh Du Lch 4.0 ca Thi Lan vi

nhng quan im v gii php c th. B Du lch v Th thao Thi Lan v ang c

tin hnh trong chnh sch Du lch 4.0 ph hp vi chnh sch ca chnh ph gip t

nc pht trin v duy tr nn kinh t c gi tr. Du lch 4.0 l mt phn quan trng trong

k hoch m hnh kinh t Thi Lan 4.0 bi l ngnh du lch hin ng gp 20% vo

GDP ca t nc. duy tr mt mc cao ca hot ng du lch v p ng mt

phong cch mi ca du lch, B Du Lch Thi Lan chn cch tip cn khch hng lm

trung tm.

D n du lch 4.0 ca Thi Lan c bit nhn mnh tm quan trng ca nm tr ct

to thnh nn tng ca chnh sch Du lch 4.0. l: s pht trin ca h thng TIC, xc

tin du lch k thut s, ci thin h thng ti liu in t, thay i vn ha t chc, v

tng cng nghin cu v pht trin. D n Du Lch 4.0 ch ra rng Thi Lan tp trung

25

rt nhiu cho vic nghin cu v pht trin trong nhn mnh n vic sng to trong

kinh doanh du lch. Sn phm du lch rt d b bt chc v sao chp, chnh v th m du

lch Thi Lan rt ch trng n vic to ra nhng tng v sn phm dch v mi. V

th m trong d n Du Lch 4.0, Thi Lan t chc cc chng trnh khuyn khch khi

nghip v h tr rt nhiu cho cc nh sng lp tng lai th hin tng v hin thc

ha cc tng . T , du lch Vit Nam cng cn t chc cc cuc thi nhm ku gi

tng khi nghip trong du lch nhm khai thc v pht trin cc tng kinh doanh

mi. Bi cc tng kinh doanh mi s to nn li th cnh tranh cho du lch.

D n Du Lch 4.0 cng ch ra rng vic xy dng hoc thay i vn ha doanh

nghip cho ph hp vi thi i cng nghip 4.0 l cc k quan trng trong vic pht

trin cht lng dch v du lch. Mun lm c iu chng ta phi ch trng n

cng tc o to nhn lc, cn lng ghp cc kin thc thc tin trong cc c s o to.

Trng Cao ng Ngh, cc hoa Du Lch ti cc trng i hc cn m rng cc

ngnh o to, ngoi kha o to Du lch v khch sn, cn m rng o to cc ngnh

khc nh l hnh, hng dn du lch, kinh doanh nh hng, o to du lch cho cc

mng ca du lch dch v. c bit, cc trng cn xem xt vic o to thm ngnh

thng mi in t tn dng cc c hi t thi i cng nghip 4.0 trong vic qung

b, bn v thanh ton cc dch v du lch. ng thi, i ng ging vin cn truyn ti

cc kin thc thc t v to iu kin cho sinh vin thc tp ti cc doanh nghip nhm

nng cao nng lc lm vic cho i ng nhn lc du lch tng lai.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Ang, J.H.; Goh, C.; Li, Y. (2016), Smart design for ships in a smart product through-life and industry 4.0 environments. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Congress on

Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Vancouver, BC, Canada, p. 53015308.

2. Five pillars of Thailand Tourism 4.0 are progressing, truy cp ngy 19 thng 6 nm 2018, t

3. Heng, S (2014), Industry 4.0: Huge Potential for Value Creation Waiting to be Tapped; Deutsche Bank Research: London, UK.

4. Lasi, H.; Fettke, P.; Kemper, H.-G.; Feld, T.; Hoffmann, M. (2014), Industry 4.0, Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng, Volume 6, p.239. [CrossRef]

5. Lee, J.; Kao, H.-A.; Yang, S. (2014), Service innovation and smart analytics for industry 4.0 and big data environment, Procedia CIRP 2014, Volume 16, p.38.

[CrossRef]

6. Porter, M.E., Heppelmann, J.E. (2016), How smart, connected products are transforming competition. Harv. Bus. Rev. 2016, Volume 92, p.18.

7. Saldivar, A.A.F.; Goh, C.S.; Chen, W.-N.; Li, Y. (2016), Self-organizing tool for smart design with predictive customer needs and wants to realize industry 4.0. In

Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Vancouver,

BC, Canada.

8. Shamim, S.; Cang, S.; Yu, H.; Li, Y. (2016), Management approaches for industry 4.0: A human resource management perspective. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE

Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Vancouver, BC, Canada, p.5309

5316.

9. Tourism Industry in Thailand (2017), Netherlands Embassy in Bangkok, truy cp ngy 10 thng 6 nm 2018, t

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lxNdAO5kYn03v4TJg6VYYo8wAL1H0KPC/view

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lxNdAO5kYn03v4TJg6VYYo8wAL1H0KPC/view

26

27

T FINTECH N REGTECH: VAI TR CA CHNH PH, C

QUAN IU TIT V C QUAN GIM ST

inh Th Thu Hng

Nguyn Tr Minh

Trn Ngc Th

Khoa Ti chnh, Trng i hc Kinh t TP. H Ch Minh

Tm tt

Khng hong ti chnh 2008 thc tnh cc nh qun l mt th trng ti

chnh c th ni l pht trin bc nht th gii. T hng lot cc ci cch i vi

nhng quy nh qun l th trng c thc thi gim thiu ri ro. Tuy nhin, t

ti nay, h thng ti chnh ngn hng c rt nhiu thay i di nhng tc ng ca

fintech. Vo u nhng nm 2010, fintech xut hin nh mt ngnh mi. Xu th ny

lm ny sinh mi quan ngi v tc ng ca n n ngnh dch v ti chnh v cc

nh ch ti chnh. C nhiu lung quan im khc nhau v pht trin fintech, nhng

chung quy gn nh thng nht l cc quc gia v khu vc khng th cng li ln sng

cng ngh xm ln su vo lnh vc ti chnh. V vy, cu hi t ra l liu h thng

lut l iu tit th trng truyn thng c cn ph hp, nn qun l v gim st ngnh

cng nghip mi ny sao cho va c th tn dng c hiu qu do fintech mang li m

vn bo m an ton cho h thng ti chnh ni a; v cch thc m cc nh ch ti

chnh tun th php lut, cch thc m cc c quan qun l gim st vic thc thi cn c

nhng thay i g. Mc tiu ca bi vit ny l phn tch nhng c hi v ri ro m

fintech mang li cho h thng ti chnh Vit Nam, vai tr ca regtech (regulatory

technology) trong h sinh thi fintech, t a ra mt s khuyn ngh i vi cc c

quan iu tit v gim st h thng ti chnh ngn hng trong bi cnh tri dy ca

fintech.

T kha: fintech, regtech, cc quy nh iu tit

1. H sinh thi fintech (fintech ecosystem) v vai tr ca chnh ph, c quan iu tit v c quan gim st

Fintech l thut ng dng m t vic s dng cng ngh mi (cng ngh

blockchain, robot t vn, cho vay P2P, ti tr m ng, thanh ton qua in thoi) v

ng dng trong lnh vc ti chnh. Hiu theo ngha khc, fintech cng thng c dng

m t cc cng ty khi nghip trong lnh vc ti chnh, cc cng ty ny thng l

nhng ngi cung cp cc gii php ch khng phi ch n thun l cung cp cng

ngh. pht trin fintech, chng ta cn phi xy dng mt h sinh thi y vi cc

mi lin kt tht cht ch v c hiu qu.

Chng ta c th hnh dung h sinh thi fintech bao gm nhng thnh phn sau:

Ngi s dng: cc khch hng, vi t cch c nhn ln doanh nghip, u mun

tip cn fintech nh mt cch nng cao cht lng dch v v tri nghim.

nh ch ti chnh: tip xc vi cc cng ty fintech tn dng sng to v cng

ngh ca h, bng nhiu hnh thc khc nhau (thu ngoi, hp tc).

Startup: s nhy bn v trnh chuyn mn ca cc startup ng vai tr quan

trng trong vic pht trin fintech. iu ny s gip chng ta ci thin rt nhiu

28

yu t trong lnh vc ngn hng truyn thng hng n cc tiu chun quc t

trong lnh vc ngn hng v ti chnh.

Cc cng ty cng ngh: h tr cc startup trong lnh vc fintech v mt c s vt

cht v k nng.

Trng i hc v vin nghin cu: to mi trng khuyn khch sinh vin sng

to, xy dng i ng chuyn gia c chuyn mn su hng dn v h tr cc

cng ty fintech mi thnh lp.

Cc c quan chuyn trch pht trin: to iu kin cho cc doanh nghip ln tip

xc v h tr cc cng ty mi pht trin ng tim nng.

Nh u t: nhiu nh u t (trong c cc nh u t mo him) xem fintech

nh mt hng i c th em n thnh cng cho h.

Chnh quyn v cc c quan iu tit: thng qua cc cng c php l bo v

ngi tiu dng trong bi cnh lnh vc fintech ang n r. i vi nn kinh t

ang trong giai on ti cu trc su rng nh hin nay v trnh cng ngh cn

mc thp rt xa so vi th gii, iu quan trng l qu trnh iu tit fintech cn

phi khuyn khch s pht trin thc s ca ngnh ny mt cch hiu qu.

2. Vai tr ca fintech trong tng lai v nhng ro cn pht trin fintech

V fintech thng mnh trong lnh vc cng ngh v ng dng nhng li t c kinh

nghim trong hot ng ti chnh nn trong tng lai fintech cng khng th no thay th

hon ton cho khu vc ti chnh truyn thng.

C 3 cch ch yu pht trin fintech:

- Hp tc vi ngn hng. - Tp trung vo nhng mng dch v ng dng cng ngh nh cho vay P2P. - NH t trin khai fintech cho cc hot ng ca mnh.

Trn gc v m, khu vc ti chnh l mt trong nhng lnh vc b iu tit

nhiu nht. Do fintech cng thc hin chc nng tng t vi ngn hng nh thanh ton

v cho vay, nn vn t ra l kim sot v iu tit cc cng ty fintech nh th no, c

nn ging nh h thng cc ngn hng hay khng.

Trn gc vi m, ro cn ln nht cho cc cng ty fintech l cc cng ty ny ch

yu tp trung vo pht trin cng ngh, v th h khng quen vi kinh doanh dch v ti

chnh v cc quy nh iu tit ti chnh.

Ngoi ra do h thng ngn hng tn ti hng trm nm, thm ch tm mc

ton cu, v vy h thng ngn hng t c ng lc hp tc vi cc cng ty trong lnh vc

fintech, l nhng cng ty mi pht trin gn y.

3. Ri ro mi v c hi mi

hi fintech xut hin, cng ngh hin i tt yu mang li nhng li ch to ln cho

ngi tiu dng, cho lnh vc dch v ti chnh, nhng cng ng thi lm nhng ri ro

trong ngnh ti chnh thay i. iu ny c ngha l s c thm nhng ri ro mi. V vy

chng s t ra nhiu thch thc cho cc nh qun l, gim st th trng nhm m bo

s pht trin n nh v gi vng uy tn cho ngnh dch v ti chnh.

Cc nh qun l cn phi cn nhc a ra nhng quy nh iu tit v kim sot

sao cho cn bng gia vic bo m tnh an ton v lnh mnh trong h thng ti chnh

29

m khng lm mt i hiu qu ca nhng sng kin mang li. Nhng lut l iu tit phi

c p dng cho c h thng ti chnh truyn thng v hot ng ca cc fintech.

Thi gian qua, cc nh qun l vn cn kh lng tng trc nhng bc pht trin

nhanh chng ca fintech. H tp trung vo cu hi lm th no qun l nhng kt qu

ng dng ngy cng a dng v phc tp ca fintech, hay u l nhng ri ro tim n

ng sau nhng pht minh sng to y, v liu c nn t ra ngay qu nhiu quy tc qun

l i vi cc ng dng cng ngh. Do vy c l s ch i v quan st, nguyn tc th

v sai l cn thit cc nh qun l c th quan st v tm hiu thm nhng ri ro tim

n do fintech to ra.

Nhn din ri ro mi

- Do kh nng kt ni v tng trng cho vay nhanh chng, nn s lm suy yu vai tr

ca nhng gii hn v tn dng, kt qu l ri ro tn dng c xu hng ngy cng tng.

- Ri ro thanh khon tng thm do s mt cn i v k hn cc qu th trng tin t

hoc kh nng rt tin ng thi theo cp s nhn ngoi d kin ca nhng nh giao dch

t nhn.

- Cc yu cu v vn nhanh chng tr nn khng cn ph hp trc s tng trng qu

nhanh v quy m ca cc giao dch cng nh cc cng ty fintech.

- Do cc sn phm mi mang tnh n by cao v s dng cng ngh thng tin nn cc

nh ch ti chnh v cng ty fintech u phi y mnh vic qun tr ri ro.

- Do tng cng hp tc gia ngn hng v cc cng ty fintech oursoucing mt s hot

ng nn s pht sinh ri ro t ngi cung cp dch v th ba. Cc hp ng k kt v

hot ng ca cc cng ty fintech phi c kim sot k lng v tun th ng quy

nh iu tit nh hot ng ca ngn hng.

- Do hot ng fintech da vo big data nn cc quy nh v bo mt thng tin cng c

quan tm ng mc. Chng hn nh cc c quan iu tit v gim st nn hp tc vi cc

c quan c chc nng nhim v trong tng lnh vc c lin quan thc hin chc nng

iu tit cng ty fintech nh: kim sot vic tun th quy nh, bo v d liu, cnh tranh

v cc n v tnh bo ti chnh. Do fintech c nn tng cng ngh thng tin, vic hp tc

lin ngnh l cn thit thu thp, trao i thng tin, tip xc cc cng ty fintech v ngn

hng, t to ra hnh lang php l ph hp, nht qun, va bo v quyn li chnh

ng ca khch hng, va khuyn khch u t v sng to trong lnh vc fintech.

- Do vic thanh ton v u t din ra trn phm vi quc t nn vic hp tc gia cc c

quan iu tit v gim st trn ton khu vc v ton cu l cn thit.

- Do fintech lm thay i m hnh, cu trc v hot ng kinh doanh ca cc ngn hng

truyn thng, vic cung cp dch v ch yu da vo cng ngh, nn nhng m hnh qun

l v gim st trc y chng hn nh Basel hoc cc o lut khc phi c thay i

cho ph hp.

- Cn phi nh gi li cc m hnh hun luyn nhn vin, k nng ca nhn vin xem c

cn ph hp, cn b sung thm nhng k nng c bit ph hp. Cc c quan cn phi

iu tra khm ph cc cng ngh mi ci thin phng php gim st. Thng tin v

chnh sch nn c chia s gia cc c quan. Vic cp php cho cc cng ty fintech

cng cn c cn nhc thn trng. Chng ti cho rng y l mt trong nhng kha cnh

30

hnh thnh nn regtech (iu tit trong lnh vc fintech). Ni ngn gn, fintech phi gn

lin vi regtech.

C hi mi

Trong k nguyn ca cng ngh thng tin, fintech ng vai tr quan trng trong

vic thay i b mt v c ch vn hnh ca lnh vc ti chnh-ngn hng. Chng ti cho

rng y l c hi m cc nh hoch nh chnh sch nc ta cng nn xem fintech nh l

thi c c mt khng hai hon thin c ch, chnh sch. Thm vo , cng ngh do

fintech em li cn gip ci thin vic qun l v gim st trong lnh vc ti chnh-ngn

hng.

Cc nh hoch nh chnh sch nc ta cn phi thy c li ch to ln m s hp

tc gia fintech v h thng ngn hng mang li. l cc ngn hng c th tn dng

cng ngh t fintech nng cp dch v ca mnh m khng phi tn nhiu chi ph.

ng thi cc cng ty fintech c th d dng tip cn s lng khch hng ln thng qua

h thng ngn hng. Chng ti cho rng chnh ph cn phi c mt chng trnh tng th

cp quc gia v chnh sch v khung php l khuyn khch ngn hng m ca hp tc

vi cc cng ty fintech.

4. Regtech c xem nh mt b phn ca Fintech

Thut ng regtech (regulatory technology) m chng ti cp phn trn hm

n vic ng dng cng ngh trong qu trnh ph bin v thc thi cc quy nh qun l,

nhm to thun li v nng cao hiu qu ca qu trnh ny. Theo , mt nhm cng ty

s s dng cng ngh h tr cc cng ty ti chnh trong vic tun th nhng quy nh

qun l mt cch hiu qu v tit kim; ng thi gip nh qun l gim st tt hn s an

ton ca cc nh ch ti chnh.

Ngy nay fintech em li nhng thch thc cho cc ngn hng truyn thng vi

cu hi liu rng c th gii quyt cc vn v k thut v cng ngh thng qua s kt

hp ca d liu cht lng cao v t ng ha hay khng.

Fintech khuch i gnh nng cho cc nh cung cp dch v ti chnh truyn

thng bng cch lm bc l nhng im yu trong cc m hnh kinh doanh hin ti. ng

thi fintech cng lm gia tng gnh nng cho cc nh qun l lm sao gim st hiu

qu cc nh ch ti chnh. V vy mt trong nhng thch thc i vi regtech l lm th

no chng c th mang li hi ha li ch cho mi bn.

Vic ng dng cng ngh ngy cng cao trong lnh vc ti chnh i hi cc nh

qun l chuyn i cch tip cn va iu chnh hnh vi ca con ngi li va chuyn

sang kim sot v nng cao hiu qu, gim ri ro ca cc quy trnh thut ton.

Nhng li ch chnh ca regtech

- Regtech c kh nng kt hp tt c cc cng c lin quan v cn thit cho vic tun th

quy nh bng cch s dng d liu thc cp nht, quy trnh t ng ha vi thut ton

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nng cao, kh nng lin kt cc m hnh v phn tch nng cao trn c s tr tu nhn to.

Regtech c th gim chi ph, thi gian ra quyt nh, v kh nng tng tc kt ni, v vy

c th nng cao gi tr ca cc chc nng tun th. RegTech cng c kh nng cung cp

cc bo co lin tc v kim ton, ti chnh, v qun tr ri ro; t nng cao kh nng

gim st xu hng th trng v cc ri ro mi pht sinh.

- Regtech c tch hp trong lnh vc dch v ti chnh m bo kh nng cnh bo,

tc x l, kh nng ph bin kp thi cc quy nh, v kh nng phn tch nng cao.

- Regtech to ra cc gii php gip nng cao kh nng m rng quy m v kh nng hot

ng linh hot, ng thi cho php:

a) Sp xp, t chc li d liu, to iu kin cho vic ph bin v chia s d liu. b) nh hnh v to lp bo co nhanh chng, cp nht. c) Rt ngn thi gian ban hnh v thc thi cc gii php. d) Khai thc v lu tr d liu thng minh e) S dng nhiu cng c thng tin qun l nh kim tra tnh trng ti chnh, bo co

giao dch, bo co thc thi quy nh, v cc cng c t hc.

Mc d mang li nhiu li ch nhng chng ti cho rng, trong iu kin Vit

Nam, vic trin khai regtech c kh nng em n nhng ri ro tim n nh sau:

- S khng nht qun trong quy nh iu tit gia cc b ngnh vi nhau v gia chnh

ph (cc b qun l c lin quan n regtech) v fintech.

- Trong bi cnh cc nh u t vn cn hoi nghi v tim nng pht trin v s nng

ng ca th trng fintech Vit Nam, cc regtech khng thch hp cng c nguy c

ngn cn s pht trin ca fintech.

- Nguy c c nhng xo trn trong th trng lao ng v th trng ti chnh.

- Fintech c th gy thit hi cho th trng nhiu hn nhng li ch m n mang li,

hoc ch em li s thnh vng cho nhng th trng ngch, em li li ch cho nhng

ngi giu, lm gia tng bt bnh ng x hi, lm tng t l tht nghip. Theo , tr

thng minh nhn to (kh kim sot) ang t ra nhiu thch thc i vi regtech. l

lm sao c th a ra nhng iu chnh thch hp vi nhng phn ng nhy bn nhiu

hn.

- Liu regtech c th p ng kp thi v hiu qu qun l ri ro v gii quyt quyn

li ca cc bn lin quan vn cn l cu hi ln. c bit, khi m vn ngi i din

(agency prolems) v vn bt cn xng thng tin c kh nng b nh hng ng k bi

fintech.

5. Nhng xut c th pht trin fintech

C rt nhiu cng vic cn lm pht trin fintech. Trong phm vi bi tham lun

ny, chng ti ch tp trung cp n mt s gii php c th v cc khun kh iu tit

v gim st h thng ti chnh ngn hng trong bi cnh tri dy ca fintech. Theo chng

ti, c hai nguyn tc chung cn lu l:

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Th nht, Chnh ph, Ngn hng Nh nc v cc c quan gim st ngn hng

phi cn bng gia s an ton, n nh ti chnh, tun th php lut ca h thng ngn

hng nhng khng c v tnh gy cn tr cho cc sng to trong ngnh ti chnh.

Th hai, cc nh hoch nh chnh sch v cc c quan gim st cn nh v li vai

tr ca mnh. H phi xem vai tr ca mnh nh l ngi kin to (chnh ph kin to)

nn mt ngnh cng nghip ti chnh mi ln mnh v bn vng, trong mi trng

khuyn khch sng to, t gip cho vic thc hin cc mc tiu chnh sch c thun

li hn.

Trn c s , cc gii php c th nh sau:

- Cc ngn hng phi c c cu iu hnh hiu qu, c quy trnh qun tr ri ro xc

nh, qun l v theo di ri ro lin quan n vic p dng cng ngh mi, m hnh kinh

doanh mi v cc i tng mi tham gia h thng ngn hng pht sinh t fintech.

- Cc ngn hng phi bo m c quy trnh IT v qun tr ri ro nhm vo nhng ri ro

lin quan n cng ngh mi v p dng mi trng kim sot cn thit h tr cc

sng to ch cht mt cch hp l.

- Cc ngn hng phi bo m c quy trnh thm nh chi tit, qun tr ri ro v theo di

lin tc cc hot ng do bn th ba m nhim, trong c cc cng ty fintech. Hp

ng hp tc gia cc ngn hng vi cng ty fintech phi nu r trch nhim ca mi

bn, tha thun mc cung cp dch v v trch nhim v vn kim ton. Cc ngn

hng phi duy tr kim sot cc dch v thu ngoi theo tiu chun tng t nh cc hot

ng trong ni b ngn hng.

- Cc c quan gim st ngn hng nn hp tc vi cc c quan chc nng chu trch

nhim gim st cc chc nng qun l lin quan n fintech trong cc kha cnh tun th

php lut, bo v d liu, cnh tranh v tnh bo ti chnh. t thit k cc tiu

chun iu tit thch hp.

- Trong bi cnh pht trin ton cu ca fintech, cn c s hp tc gia cc c quan gim

st trn th gii. Cc nh gim st cn thit phi iu phi gim st hot ng fintech

xuyn bin gii.

- Cc c quan gim st ngn hng phi nh gi ngun nhn lc v m hnh o to hin

ti bo m kin thc, k nng ca nhn vin liu cn ph hp hiu qu ca vic gim

st cng ngh v m hnh kinh doanh mi. Cc c quan gim st cng nn cn nhc vic

b sung k nng mi vo cc hot ng chuyn mn hin hnh.

- Cc c quan gim st nn cn nhc iu tra v thm d tim nng ca cng ngh mi

ci thin cc phng php v quy trnh ca mnh. Cc thng tin v chnh sch v th tc

cn c chia s gia cc c quan gim st vi nhau.

- Cc nh gim st v chnh ph cn phi minh bch trong cc mc tiu v cch lm vic

ca mnh. iu ny s gip cho ngnh cng nghip ti chnh mi nhn din c cc

nh hng pht trin v iu tit ca chnh ph trong tng lai.

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- Chnh ph cn t chc cc hi ngh, s kin hng dn thc hin cc quy nh cng

cc phng thc sng to khc cho cc bn lin quan v khuyn khch tnh minh bch

trong ngnh fintech.

- Cc c quan gim st phi r sot li khung qun l, gim st v cp php ca mnh

trong bi cnh ri ro mi xut pht t sn phm v m hnh kinh doanh mi. Trong thm

quyn v chc nng qun l ca mnh, cc nh gim st nn xem xt cc khun kh php

l hin hnh liu c cn ph hp.

- Cc c quan gim st nn thng xuyn i thoi chnh sch, hc hi kinh nghim v

cc phng php ca nhau. t xem xt liu c nn p dng cc phng php v

quy trnh tng t vo lnh vc ca mnh.

- Cc nh lm lut, c quan gim st cn tng cng tip xc v hp tc vi cc i din

ngnh ti chnh v fintech trong bi cnh cng ngh v tiu chun thay i tng ngy.

Tng cng lm vic vi khi t nhn thc y vic pht trin cc sn phm ti chnh

an ton vi gi c phi chng, t khuyn khch mi trng ti chnh an ton, lnh

mnh.

6. Kt lun

Tri qua gn mt thp k pht trin, tuy nhin fintech cng ch mi c nhc n

Vit nam trong thi gian gn y. Hnh dng ca fintech nh th no cng vi nhng

ng dng v li ch m n mang li vn cha c ch ng mc.

Trong khi fintech xm nhp vo i sng ca tng ngi nhiu quc gia trn

th gii, th ch ring vic nhn thc fintech khng thi vn cn l mt tr ngi ln Vit

Nam. iu ny n lt n li cng khin cho cc c quan chc nng tr nn bi ri hn

bao gi ht vi regtech.

C mt nhn thc ph bin nc ta hin nay khi cho rng fintech ch l cng vic

ni b trong ngnh ngn hng. Trn cc phng tin truyn thng, chng ta c mc nhin

cho rng fintech dng nh l lnh vc qun l ca Ngn hng Nh nc. Nhng thc

mc trong d lun v ca cc chuyn gia v fintech hu nh ch c gii thch bi cc

lnh o ca Ngn hng Nh nc. Chng ti chng minh cho thy nhng nhn nh

nh trn l rt phin din. Ngy nay s pht trin ca fintech ln mnh n ni chng

khng cn l lnh vc thuc s qun l ca bt k b ngnh no. Theo chng ti, cch

hiu ng nht hin nay l fintech cng vi regtech cn phi c nhn dng nh l mt

xu th tt yu mang tnh ton cu. V vy chng ti cho rng Vit Nam cn phi t vn

fintech v regtech trong mt tng th chng trnh cp quc gia v quc t. Cc

chng trnh tng th cp quc gia v fintech v regtech chng nhng p ng c cc

mc tiu ngn hn trc mt m cn n s pht trin di hn sau ny.

iu cui cng chng ti mun cp n kt thc bi vit ny, l tnh cc

b gia cc b ngnh v li ch nhm c kh nng s l ro cn ln nht cho s pht trin

ca fintech Vit Nam hin nay.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Anagnostopoulos, I. (2018). Fintech and regtech: Impact on regulators and banks. Journal of Economics and Business.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.07.003

2. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2017). Sound Practices: Implications of fintech developments for banks and bank supervisors.

www.bis.org/bcbs/publ/d431.pdf

3. Capgemini (2017). World fintech report 2017. https://www.capgemini.com/service/introducing-the-world-fintech-report-2017/

4. Capgemini (2018). World fintech report 2018. https://www.capgemini.com/news/capgeminis-world-fintech-report-2018-highlights-

symbiotic-collaboration-as-key-to-future-financial-services-success/

5. Christiansen, B., Maalouf, ., Brandt, P., v cng s (2018). Look t US And EU Fintech Regulatory Frameworks.

https://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2018/02/a-look-at-us-and-eu-fintech-

regulatory-frameworks

6. Clifford chance (2017). European fintech regulation an overview. fintech@cliffordchance.com

7. KPMG (2016). Fintech in India: A global growth story. https://home.kpmg.com/in/en/home/insights/2016/06/fintech.html

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.07.003http://www.bis.org/bcbs/publ/d431.pdfhttps://www.capgemini.com/service/introducing-the-world-fintech-report-2017/https://www.capgemini.com/news/capgeminis-world-fintech-report-2018-highlights-symbiotic-collaboration-as-key-to-future-financial-services-success/https://www.capgemini.com/news/capgeminis-world-fintech-report-2018-highlights-symbiotic-collaboration-as-key-to-future-financial-services-