ONKAPARINGA PARKWATCH NEWSLETTER OF THE FRIENDS OF ONKAPARINGA PARK INC.

July Vol 29 No 7 2015

FRIENDS OF ONKAPARINGA PARK INC PATRON: Dr B HARDY AO

Secretary/Treasurer: : Andrew McKinnon 8386 2393 ADDRESS ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO:

The Secretary, Friends of Onkaparinga Park Inc C/- 27 Kym St., Port Noarlunga Sth 5167.

The PresidenT’s Page

kangaroos relaxing near the airstrip waiting for a feed when everyone had gone. Many thanks to all.

Another event well supported by members was the ‘volunteer thank you lunch’ put on by the Department on Sunday 14th at

Aldinga Tourist Park. Friends of Aldinga Scrub organized two walks for participants prior to lunch. I opted for the short walk with John Edmeades who showed us some of the work that the Friends of Aldinga Scrub were doing. Imagine my surprise when we deviated from the path only to find an area of about 50x50 metres square surrounded by a 2 metre chain fence. Inside they had spent considerable time removing veldt grass and other weeds and planting an assortment of native grasses. A sad sight was the large number of mature grass trees that had died due to burning in a previous prescribed burn.

The ABC’s gardening program with Ashleigh Walsh and John Lamb last Saturday morning had a segment on Glyphosate. The consensus was that if you are using it take the same precautions as with any other chemical; read the label first and take any necessary safety precautions including wearing the appropriate safety gear. It seems the jury is still out regarding whether glyphosate is carcinogenic or not.

We were fortunate with the weather on our last PDO with the sun shining most of the day. First a visit to Coppins Reserve at Littlehampton which was a lot greener than when I last visited; unfortunately most of this was weeds with very little na-tive vegetation {except for trees} to be found. Then on to Bythorne Park at Nairne for morning tea in the sun and a quick walk around the lake. Then a short 5 km drive to Mt Barker summit and a walk to the top to take in the views. The pre-dominant understory here is correa glabra and some magnificent mature grass trees. This was our lunch stop and a real pleasure to enjoy a picnic lunch in the sun. Our last stop was the Laratinga wetlands at Mt. Barker. These wetlands have been upgraded since our last visit with some excellent interpretive signs erected. A special treat were the many birds there. A whole row of freckled ducks on a long plank of timber and shovellers, teal etc

For our next PDO we will head to the east and visit the Monarto Woodlands These were planted for the proposed new town at Monarto and formed the largest dry land planting at the time. We are now getting the benefit of the area and I un-derstand that DEWNR are taking possession of the two areas. Apparently many ‘Birdos’ are raving over the place with the number of species of birds. There is also the opportunity to walk part of the Lavender Federation trail which goes from Murray Bridge to Eudunda and eventually to Clare. Leaving the woodlands we head for Monarto Conservation Park to ad-mire the wildflowers in this attractive island of remnant native vegetation.

Hudson Pear, a vicious type of cactus, was recently found, and eradicated, in the Moana beach dunes. This plant which can grow in thickets to over 1 metre high and has thousands of 5cm long spines each one capable of becoming a new plant. If you think that you have found any report it immediately.

At our May meeting Shaun Kennedy from SA Water gave an update on the Noarlunga Wetlands which will shortly become part of the Recreation Park.

Unfortunately Henry Rutherford was unable to attend our July meeting but will be with us for our August meeting.

Our new plantings will need plenty of water this year, mainly perspiration.

Note opinions and commentary in this newsletter are not necessarily the general opinion of the FOOP membership. Any complaints should in the first instance be directed to the author.

Website: http://www.communitywebs.org/OnkaparingaParks/

Incorporating The ONKAPARINGA RECREATION PARK and ONKAPARINGA NATIONAL PARK. Proudly a member of THE FRIENDS OF PARKS INC.,

Chairperson: Colin Malcolm 8382 2194 Deputy Chair: Graham Thomas 7220 5568

It was good to see many members turn up to assist the planting day in the Estuary on Saturday June 13th. 2500

plants were put in the ground on the day with FOOP planting their fair share. It was also nice to see a large mob of

The Nature Foundation is holding a Treasure Hunt for Nature in Elder Park on Sunday August 16th with a range of prizes.

Further details from www.naturefoundation.org.au

From the Editor’s Desk. Send articles via: billandgilll@yahoo.com.au or by snail mail to 27 Marston Drive, Morphett Vale 5162 or hand de-liver to Gill or me.

In this newsletter you will find articles on Glyphosate and triclopyr (Garlon). I have kept away from the current discussion on the use or non use of glyphosate. I do suspect that we will hear a lot more before it is resolved. . We may even have to stop using glyphosate but I expect DEWNR to keep us informed as is their responsibility.

The articles give some technical information although not as much as is available. I do have the full articles should anyone want them.

Not only was I a frustrated pilot (bad eyesight) but after coming second in the state in Chemistry in Intermediate I thought a career in Science beckoned but fate had another idea and I met the worst teacher I ever had . He taught Leaving Chemistry but the chemistry between us was toxic but he started it. I still like science hence the articles. Goes to show you just never know what the future holds as evidenced by the shock this morning as the story of the murder of the Crows coach unfolded.

Similarly we have to accept that the future of our State’s parks system and the role of the Friends groups will have some surprises and as our new FOP Inc President outlined we need to work with anything that comes our collective way. Nothing is guaranteed save death and taxes and, if I was a crook I could have avoided lots of tax, so we need to keep our wits about us

Nothing is sacrosanct, certainly not our Parks and Reserves. A case in point is our children’s old primary school . It is now a new housing estate. I recall one FOOPer suggesting that the effluent pond site would be a good housing development site as did a local former politician. An old friend lamented to me last year that the estuary never became the wonderful play-ground it should have been because the proposed golf course was not built etc ., we need to be aware of these threats.

What we need to seriously do is define what we want the parks to be now and in the future and relay those thoughts to the Government of the day. The management plan goes someway toward that end but plans are apt to be changed. The park systems of our state are the property of all and not everyone will see them as places reserved for conservation and reten-tion of our unique habitat.

Consequently I have been thinking about the idea of Environment and Nature lately. They seem interchangeable but are they?

A Full Definition of ENVIRONMENT

1: the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded

a : the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors (as climate, soil, and living things) that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival

b : the aggregate of social and cultural conditions that influence the life of an individual or community

2: the position or characteristic position of a linguistic element in a sequence

3: a computer interface from which various tasks can be performed <a programming environment>

A Full Definition of NATURE

1 a : the inherent character or basic constitution of a person or thing : essence

b : disposition, temperament

2 a : a creative and controlling force in the universe

b : an inner force or the sum of such forces in an individual 3 : a kind or class usually distinguished by fundamental or essential characteristics <documents of a confiden-

tial nature> <acts of a ceremonial nature> 4 : the physical constitution or drives of an organism; especially : an excretory organ or function —used in

phrases like the call of nature 5 : a spontaneous attitude (as of generosity) 6 : the external world in its entirety

7 a : humankind's original or natural condition

b : a simplified mode of life resembling this condition 8 the genetically controlled qualities of an organism

9 : natural scenery

Perhaps before we defend our parks and reserves we need to clearly understand just what we mean!

Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo...Calyptorhynchus funereus....common seasonally. Colder wintry weather has meant many birds can be difficult to locate within the Park, recent walks undertaken have not turned up the usual large numbers and variety of species expected in the warmer times of the year. The wetlands are mostly still quite dry, therefore water fowl are not at their peak yet, and the general breeding time has not commenced for many bird species.. However, some species become more prevalent at this time in the Park, such as the Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo . They seasonally feed on fresh native flora seed from Hakeas, Xanthorrhea , Banksia etc, but also upon pine cones from introduced plantation trees such as Pinus radiata. Basically where the favourite food sources are avail-able is where you may find the species.

A well known and distinctively marked Cockatoo , large in size with near all over black plumage except for the distinctive yellow tail feathers, cheeks and pale yellow on the breast. The male of the species also has a distinctive red eye ring, missing on the female. Often seen flying overhead, slow wing beats and an undulating flight pattern, vocalising con-stantly Seen often in quite large flocks of 50 or more individuals during colder months, but often in warmer times just in small flocks of 4 or 5. Aside from the Onkaparinga Park they can also be found commonly in outer suburbia locations, even in my own backyard from time to time feeding on my Candle pine trees ?

They nest in tree hollows, so old growth forests are vital for their continued existence. Trees at least 60 yrs old are nec-essary for rearing chicks, as it may take that long for nesting hollows to develop. I've not found them nesting in the Park, but it is quite possible. This species can be seen almost anywhere in the Park and surrounding areas, but probably more common in the Park in the upper regions of the Onkaparinga Gorge. Their presence often given away by evidence of lots chewed leaf and seed pod litter beneath a tree, more often than not a Pine species.

I'm hearing the first calls of the seasonally active Fan-tailed Cuckoo in the upper Park lately. Over the next few weeks that distinctive sound should become more common as will sightings........go check it out.

Developments for the Onkaparinga gorge.

I was interested to read Bill’s article in last month’s newsletter. I know it was only tongue in cheek but if Bill could put such pipe dreams into print I wonder if the powers that be have their own “improvements” to the Gorge to make it a more commercial enterprise.

Let us accept the river for what it is – nature’s beautiful landscaping – no two water holes the same. From the large water hole at the bottom of Bakers Gully track where the swing bridge crossed the river for school children from Eyre’s Flat to attend school at Morphett Vale when the river was high. Plus the ford which was constructed by a Mr Eckermann so that he could take his cows to the north side of the river to graze. Black water hole below the rock climbing; Sandy water hole at the bottom of the track from Waits’ Place and the Punch Bowl and the many large water holes further downstream finishing with the large one dammed by the weir above Old Noarlunga.

Not only would we lose the water holes but also the grassy riparian areas eg: at Kangarilla Creek and bottom of Sundews track; also the wonderful treescape in different areas (close your eyes to the Olives).

Instead, with two meters of water right through the gorge we would lose the lovely rock formations and instead be left with a long narrow reservoir only suitable for canoeing and water skiing. What a loss, no thank you, not for me!

PS the names of the water holes are old Blewitt Springs names courtesy of the late Ron Fowles.

Anne.

Not Nature’s beautiful landscaping but she is working on it.......................

For a start I am genuinely happy that Anne wrote the above because if nothing else it proves someone read my scribblings. I have hoped for years that someone out there would respond in a constructive way and its happened.

My editorial last month was indeed a tongue-in-cheek exercise and I probably will continue so long as FOOP wants me to. So keep them coming healthy debate is always productive.

But and there is always a but. I do not believe that the river as we see it today is anything like Nature made it. Nor do I think the recollections of the late Ron Fowles reflect that either. He was simply not old enough.

In 1896 the Clarendon weir was built and the water flowing naturally down the river started to be diverted as the river was tamed. Well almost because we have seen the river in spate at least twice. We do know from the news-papers articles of the 1890’s that the river was far deeper at Old Noarlunga than today; more’s the pity.

The town of Noarlunga was being developed and the estuary was becoming farming land. In order for that to hap-pen tracks were made, vegetation was ripped out and houses built. Barges were moving up and down the river and snags were pulled from the river thereby destroying habitat for a number of fish species.

In 1938 the Mt Bold reservoir was completed and most of the water that would have flowed down the river to the sea was stopped and used to quench the thirst of the good citizens of Adelaide.

We know from the scours seen along the gorge walls that in times past the placid Onk was a torrent with enough force to cut its bed down from the “original” river bed as the Mt Lofty Ranges began rising; as it is still. The geology tells us that this was at times a system where there was a lot more water than we see today. I recall reading that there would have been a sizable waterfall that gradually receded upstream as the bed was cut. Nothing stays the same in nature we just don't live long enough to see the changes. In fact on the river bed there is evidence of an ice age some 800 million years ago and the Mt Lofty ranges have been higher and worn down many times..

Having said that I believe that the water holes and riparian “meadow” areas would have appeared at times during the year as the water drained away to the Gulf. But they would have not been there as they are today. There are photos of people boating in a large pond upstream from Old Noarlunga in the 1920-30’s. Doubt it would happen today.

We know that there must have been an almost all year flow because platypus need running water so the river has changed for the worse since the 1940’s; the last time a platypus was seen in the river.

A dam as proposed by me for instance would not work either but it could redress some issues. Environmental flows if maintained would also assist.

I do have the same fear as Anne that a government in the future may decide to once again meddle with the Onka-paringa especially if the growing anti environment trend persists in society. For instance, another old friend dreams of the day the gorge will become a huge theme park. Let’s hope he doesn't have the ear of a politician.

We must work with what we have and if nothing else stop the further degradation of this important river system. One thing I would like to see stopped is the building of dams in the river’s watershed. The water held back by these dams will eventually lead to the death of the river as we know it.

Bill.

The Tasmanian Government’s plan to allow mining & logging in World Heritage areas has come under severe criticism by the United Nations World Heritage committee at a meeting in Bonn. The committee has recommended that the government completes a long delayed survey of indigenous attributes, establish strict criteria for new tourism developments & put a blanket ban on mining and logging within the wilderness area. The government has now proposed to ban min-

ing, insensitive tourism developments & large scale logging operations. The DEWNR is hosting a series of Nature-based tourism workshops. The objective is to stimulate new

opportunities that will respect and complement parks and natural and cultural assets, and help nature-based tourism businesses to grow. Three nature-based tourism workshops will be held in July and feedback is requested from environmental groups, park interest groups, local government and inter-ested community members. The local workshop will be held at the McLaren Vale Visitor Information Centre on Thursday 9th July from 2pm to 5pm. RSVP & feedback to parks@sa.gov.au

DEWNR is funding another Chainsaw and Brushcutter Operation and Maintenance Course in

2015. The course will be held on Saturday and Sunday 11 July and 12 July from 9.00 am to 4 pm, at Urrbrae TAFE, 505 Fullarton Road, Netherby. This is a nationally accredited course for which you will receive a certificate (AHCARB205A - Operate and Maintain Chainsaws). There will be a theory ses-sion followed by practical sessions. If you wish to book this training course please contact me ASAP.

“12 More Walks in the Onkaparinga River National & Recreation Parks” is another new book writ-

ten by Michael Whitaker. Full colour maps, photographs and detailed descriptions of each walk are in-cluded, as well as some of the history of the Onkaparinga Parks. The original “12 Walks” book is also available again. All profits from the sale of the books support the environmental work of the Friends of Onkaparinga Park. FOOP members can buy books at meetings or at most Working B’s for $15. Further details from Michael Whitaker email michaelwalksonkaparinga@hotmail.com

Introductory Bush Regeneration Workshops will be held in various locations with Central Onkapar-

inga on Thursday 29th October being the most convenient location for our members. The workshop covers topics such as threats to native vegetation, bush restoration & practical minimal disturbance techniques. The full list of workshops & bookings are available from Trees for Life on 8406 0500 or info@treesforlife.org.au Please contact me if you wish to book for this workshop.

The Friends of Black Hill and Morialta are holding a series of events to celebrate the 100 years of

the Morialta Conservation Park. The events include planting day, a bioblitz & a park picnic. For further information & to register for updates visit http://www.fobhm.org/

The newly elected Friends of Parks board has just announced that a Friends Forum will be held in

2016 to be hosted by the Friends of Hallett Cove & other supportive groups. The Friends Forum is an important event which allows for interchange of ideas as well as gaining knowledge from the excellent range of speakers. More information to follow.

If you require any further information on any of the issues raised here you can contact me by telephone on 8386 2393 or email mackins@tpg.com.au See you somewhere out in the Park Andy McKinnon

From The Secretary’s Desk

The Other Coast by Adrian Raeside

The missing clues.

Last months solution

These are supposed to be Environmental jokes. Q: How do Prius owners drive? A: One hand on the wheel, the other patting themselves on the back. Once there was a beautiful woman who loved to work in her organic vegetable garden, but no matter what she did, she couldn't get her organic tomatoes to ripen. Admiring her neighbour's garden, which had beautiful bright red organic tomatoes, she went one day and inquired of him his secret. "It's really quite simple," the old man explained. "Twice each day, in the morning and in the evening, I expose myself in front of the tomatoes and they turn red with embarrass-ment." Desperate for the perfect organic garden, she tried his advice and proceeded to expose herself to her plants twice daily. Two weeks passed and her neighbour stopped by to check her progress. "So," he asked, "any luck with your tomatoes?" "No," she replied excitedly... "but you should see the size of my cucumbers!"

Hardwood Softwood

Cellulose 42±2% 45±2%

Hemicellulose 27±2% 30±5%

Lignin 28±3% 20±4%

Extractives 3±2% 5±3%

HARDWOOD VS SOFTWOOD. ( In response to a Tuesday morning tea pondering........

Classifying wood as either a hardwood or softwood comes down to its physical structure and makeup, and so it is overly simple to think of hardwoods as being hard and durable compared to soft and workable softwoods. This happens to be generally true, but there are exceptions, such as in the cases of wood from yew trees — a softwood that is relatively hard — and wood from balsa trees — a hardwood that is softer than softwoods.

Hardwood comes from angiosperm — or flowering plants — such as oak, maple, or walnut, that are not monocots. Softwood comes from gymnospermtrees, usually evergreen conifers, like pine or spruce.

Composition of Hardwood and Softwood Softwoods contain more glucomannans than hardwoods, while hardwoods contain more xylans. Hardwoods are generally far more resistant to decay than softwoods when used for exterior work. However, solid hardwood joinery is expensive com-pared to softwood and most hardwood doors, for instance, now consist of a thin veneer bonded to MDF, a softwood product.

Comparison chart

Hardwood Softwood

Definition

Comes from angiosperm trees that are not monocots; trees are usually broad-leaved. Has vessel elements that transport water throughout the wood; under a microscope, these elements appear

Comes from gymnosperm trees which usually have needles and cones. Medullary rays and tracheids transport water and produce sap. When viewed under a microscope, softwoods

Uses

hardwoods are more likely to be found in high-quality furniture, decks, flooring, and construction that needs to last.

About 80% of all timber comes from softwood. Softwoods have a wide range of applications and are found in building components (e.g., win-dows, doors), furniture, medium-density fibre-board (MDF), paper, Christmas trees, and much more.

Examples Examples of hardwood trees include alder, balsa, beech, hickory, mahogany, maple, oak, teak, and walnut.

Examples of softwood trees are cedar, Douglas fir, juniper, pine, redwood, spruce, and yew.

Density Most hardwoods have a higher density than most softwoods.

Most softwoods have a lower density than most hardwoods.

Cost Hardwood is typically more expensive than soft- Softwood is typically less expensive compared

Growth Hardwood has a slower growth rate. Softwood has a faster rate of growth.

Shedding of leaves

Hardwoods shed their leaves over a period of time in autumn and winter.

Softwoods tend to keep their needles through-out the year.

Fire Resis-tance

More Poor

Presence of pores in hardwoods (oak, top) and the absence of pores in softwoods (pine, bottom).

Herbicide Basics

Chemical formula: [(3,5,6-

trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic

acid

Herbicide Family:

Pyridine (Picolinic acid)

Target Species: Broadleaf herbs

and woody species

Forms: salt & ester

Formulations: EC, SL

Mode of Action: Auxin mimic

Water solubility: 430 ppm (acid),

23 mg/L (ester), 2,100,000 mg/L

(salt)

Adsorption potential:

Intermediate (higher for ester than

salt)

Primary degradation mech:

Microbial metabolism, photolysis,

and hydrolysis

Average Soil Half-life: 30 days

Mobility Potential: Intermediate

Dermal LD50 for rabbits:

>2,000 mg/kg

Oral LD50 for rats:

713 mg/kg

LC50 for bluegill sunfish:

148 mg/L

Trade Names: Garlon® and

Access®

Manufacturers: Dow Agro- Sciences and Platte

Synopsis

Triclopyr is a selective systemic herbicide used to con-

trol woody and herbaceous broadleaf plants

along right-of-ways, in forests, and in grasslands and

parklands. It has little or no impact on grasses.

Triclopyr controls target weeds by mimicking the

plant hormone auxin, causing uncontrolled plant

growth. There are two basic formulations of

triclopyr - a triethyamine salt, and a butoxyethyl

ester. In soils, both formulations degrade to the

parent compound, triclopyr acid. Degradation

occurs primarily through microbial metabolism, but

photolysis and hydrolysis can be important as well.

The average half-life of triclopyr acid in soils is 30

days. Offsite movement through surface or sub-

surface runoff is a possibility with triclopyr acid, as

it is relatively persistent and has only moderate rates

of adsorption to soil particles. In water, the salt

formulation is soluble, and with adequate sunlight,

may degrade in several hours. The ester is not

water-soluble and can take significantly longer to

degrade. It can bind with the organic fraction of the

water column and be transported to the sediments.

Both the salt and ester formulations are relatively

non-toxic to terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates.

The ester formulation, however, can be extremely

toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Because the

salt cannot readily penetrate plant cuticles, it is best

used as part of a cut-stump treatment or with an

effective surfactant. The ester can be highly volatile

and is best applied at cool temperatures on days with

no wind. The salt formulation (Garlon 3A®) can

cause severe eye damage.

TRICLOPYR

Trade Names: Garlon® and Access®

GLYPHOSATE

TECHNICAL FACT SHEET (excerpt) NPIC Technical Fact Sheets provide information that is complex and in-tended for individuals with a scientific background and/or familiarity with toxicology and risk assessment. This document is intended to promote informed decision-making. Please refer to the General Fact Sheet for less technical information. Chemical Class and Type: • Glyphosate is a non-selective systemic herbicide that is applied directly to plant foliage. When used in smaller quantities, glyphosate can act as a plant growth regulator. Glyphosate is a glycine derivative. The Interna-tional Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name for glyphosate is N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine and the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number is 1071-83-6. Laboratory Testing: Before pesticides are registered by the U.S. EPA, they must undergo laboratory testing for short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) health effects. Laboratory animals are purposely given high enough doses to cause toxic effects. These tests help scientists judge how these chemicals might affect humans, domestic animals, and wildlife in cases of overexposure. • Glyphosate’s potential as an herbicide was reported in 1971. Glyphosate was first registered for use by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in 1974, and reregistration was completed in1993. • Formulations of glyphosate include an acid, monoammonium salt, diammonium salt, isopropylamine salt, po-tassium salt, sodium salt, and trimethylsulfonium or trimesium salt. Unless otherwise stated, all data in this fact sheet refer to the acid form. • Technical grade glyphosate is used in formulated products, as are the isopropylamine, sodium, and monoam-monium salts. Of these, the isopropylamine salt is most commonly used in formulated products. Physical / Chemical Properties: • Table available for glyphosate and associated forms. Uses: • Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides with applications in agriculture, forestry, industrial weed control, lawn, garden, and aquatic environments. Sites with the largest glyphosate use include soybeans, field corn, pasture and hay. • Some plants have been genetically engineered to be resistant to glyphosate. Glyphosate-tolerant soybeans, corn, cotton, and canola are examples of such plants. This fact sheet does not address glyphosate-tolerant crops. • Uses for individual products containing glyphosate vary widely. Always read and follow the label when apply-ing pesticide

FOOP Subscriptions Form Subscriptions are due on the 1st November of each year. (Financial year 1st November to 31st October) New members who join after 1st September are covered for the year following. Please accept my/our new/renewal subscription. Name (s):……………………………………………………. Address:………………………………………………………….. Telephone No……………………………Mob No…………………………. Email address……………………………………………..

Please indicate if you would like to receive notices by email Yes No

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Please indicate if you would still like to receive newsletter by post Yes No I am paying (please indicate the one you are paying)

Family Membership $10.00

Single Membership $ 7.00

Donation (not tax deductible) $.........

Then detach this form and forward with payment to: The Secretary/Treasurer, Mr A McKinnon, 27 Kym Street, Port Noarlunga South 5167 Payment can also be made to the Treasurer at general meetings held the first Tuesday of the month. (except January) Payment also by electronic transfer, details below. EFT Details: Account Title: Friends of Onkaparinga Park Inc. BSB Number: 805-007 A/C Number: 00707387 (Credit Union SA) Reference: Last name, first name, “subs”. Send email to mackins@tpg.com.au to confirm payment. If you are a new member please forward contact details as above. Andy McKinnon

Secretary/Treasurer Friends of Onkaparinga Park Inc.

Some quick environmental facts .

1. Recycling one aluminium can saves enough energy to run a TV for three hours.

2. During the time it takes you to read this sentence, 50,000 12-ounce aluminium cans are made

3. Every day, American businesses generate enough paper to circle the earth 20 times!

4. In 2006-2007, Australians generated almost 48 million tonnes of waste. Of that, only 52% was recycled!

5. In 2010, Australians recycled only 30.3% of their steel cans and 67.4% of aluminium cans. Many steel

cans are still being sent to landfill, despite 93% of Australians having access to kerbside recycling ser-

vices that accept steel packaging.

Southern Times weekended 3rd July 2015

Q: Where will the goat and kangaroos go when the area is developed?

JULY 2015 FOOP WORKING B PROGRAM. Note Working B’s in the park will be cancelled when there is a Total Fire ban in the MT Lofty Region

All Working B’s start at 9:00 am & finish at 11.30am unless otherwise stated. Note: all new gate numbers

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 2 NP Gate 25 –

Chapel Hill Weed control

Graham 7220 5568

3 4 NP Gate 18

Whitings Road Hardy’s Scrub

Boneseed removal Andy 8386 2393

5 6

7 NP Gate 20 – Springs

Chapel Hill Road Weed control

Andy 8386 2393 General Meeting

7.30pm Old Noarlunga Institute

8

9 RP Gate 1 – The

Shed Railway Road Weed control

Graham 7220 5568

10

11 NP Gate 22

Chapel Hill Road Hardy’s Scrub

Boneseed removal Andy 8386 2393

12

13 14 RP Gate 14 River Road

Weed control Andy 8386 2393

15

16 NP Gate 25 –

Chapel Hill Weed control

Graham 7220 5568

17 18 NP Gate 21

Chapel Hill Road Hardy’s Scrub Weed control

Michael 8557 7498

19 20 21 NP Gate 7a – The

Knoll Piggott Range Road

Weed control Andy 8386 2393

22

23 NP Gate 25 –

Chapel Hill Weed control

Graham 7220 5568

24 Pleasant Day Out Meet Callington Just off freeway

10.30am Colin 8382 2194

25 NP Gate 19

Chapel Hill Road Hardy’s Scrub Weed control

Michael 8557 7498

26

27

28 NP Gate 10—

Punchbowl Piggott Range Road

Weed control Andy 8386 2393

29

30 NP Gate 25 –

Chapel Hill Weed control

Graham 7220 5568

31

1 NP Gate 18

Whitings Road Hardy’s Scrub

Boneseed removal Andy 8386 2393

2

3

4 NP Gate 29/30 Riparian zone Weed control

Andy 8386 2393 General Meeting

7.30pm Old Noarlunga Institute

Henry Rutherford “Biological Control “

5 6 NP Gate 25 –

Chapel Hill Weed control

Graham 7220 5568

7 8 NP Gate 22

Chapel Hill Road Hardy’s Scrub

Boneseed removal Andy 8386 2393