jpa designer version 6.03 – uk manual · 2016-02-10 · jpa tl ltd. newcastle business village,...

JPA TL Ltd.

Newcastle Business Vil lage ,

33 Bell ingham Dr ive ,

Nor th Tyneside Ind. Est. ,

Newcastle upon Tyne NE12 9SZ

T: 0191 270 5138

E: sales@techlit .co.uk

W: www.techlit .co.uk

JPA TL

JPA Designer

SAP 9.92 module • U-value modules& Condensation Risk

Version 6.03a1 and aboveISSUE JANUARY 2016

Contents

Contents ii

I JPA Designerbasics 1

1 IntroducingJPA Designer 21.1 Conventionsforthemanual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 Gettinghelp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Gettingstarted 52.1 Systemrequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.3 Userregistration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 On-linelicencechecking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6 OpeningandclosingJPA Designer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.7 UninstallingJPA Designer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.8 Addingyourcompanydetailstoreports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3 Managingprojectsandcalculations 133.1 Theprojectfile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.2 Startinganewproject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.3 Addingprojectaddressdetails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.4 Settingthecalculationregion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.5 Savingprojects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.6 Openingprojects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.7 Addingcalculationstoaproject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.8 UsingU-valuecalculationtemplates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.9 Openingandclosingcalculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.10 Duplicatingcalculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.11 ImportingU-valuecalculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.12 ConvertingbetweenSAP versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.13 Renamingcalculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223.14 Deletingcalculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.15 Mergingprojects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

ii

CONTENTS iii

II U-valuecalculations 24

4 TheJPA DesignerU-valuemodules 254.1 U-valueprojectinformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

5 U-valueConstructionDialogue 285.1 Elementtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295.2 Internalandexternalsurfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.3 Lightsteelframeconstructiontype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

6 Workingwithlayers 326.1 InsertinglayersfromtheProductsdatabase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336.2 Insertingblanklayersinacalculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.3 Managinglayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

7 Workingwithmaterials 377.1 Generalcharacteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.2 Typesofmaterial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.3 Typesofcavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417.4 Repeatingthermalbridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

8 Correctionfactorsandadjustments 508.1 Mechanicalfasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508.2 Airgapcorrection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548.3 Rainwatercooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558.4 Claddingbracketsandrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568.5 Windposts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578.6 Lofthatches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588.7 Elementsseparatingheatedandunheatedspaces . . . . . . . . . . 58

9 Advancedcalculations 619.1 Lightsteelframedstructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619.2 Twinskinmetalcladdingandroofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629.3 Invertedroofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649.4 Usingvariablelayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659.5 Taperedlayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

10 GroundfloorU-values 6910.1 Groundfloordetails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

11 BasementU-values 7511.1 Basementfloors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7511.2 Basementwalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

12 Creatingreports 7812.1 Addingnotestoreports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8012.2 Customisingreports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

13 EditingtheProductsdatabase 8213.1 Shortcodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

CONTENTS iv

III Thermalmasscalculations 86

14 ThermalmassinJPA Designer 8714.1 Additionaldataforthermalmasscalculations . . . . . . . . . . . . 8714.2 Thermalmassresults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8814.3 Thermalmassreport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

IV Condensationrisk 89

15 Theproblemofinterstitialcondensation 90

16 CondensationriskanalysisinJPA Designer 9116.1 Definingtheconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9116.2 Environmentalconditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9216.3 Viewingresults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

17 UsingtheBS 5250:1989calculationmethod 9817.1 Externalconditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9817.2 Internalconditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9817.3 BS 5250:1989results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9917.4 Calculationoptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

V SAP 2012 100

18 TheJPA DesignerSAP 2012module 10118.1 OverviewoftheSAP 20012module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10118.2 PreparingtocarryoutaSAP 2012calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . 10118.3 CarryingoutaSAP 2012calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10218.4 TheSAP window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10218.5 ProjectinformationinSAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10518.6 Enteringinformationaboutthedwelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

19 Dwellingdimensions 11019.1 Dwellingareaandvolume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11119.2 Livingarea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11219.3 Lowenergylighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11219.4 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11219.5 Positioninblock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

20 Ventilation 11420.1 Airinfiltration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11520.2 Ventilationopenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11720.3 Shelteredsides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11720.4 Ventilationtype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

21 Walls, roofsandfloors 12321.1 Definingbuildingelements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12321.2 Linearthermalbridging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

CONTENTS v

21.3 Thermalmass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

22 Openings 13322.1 Addingandeditingopenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13522.2 Editingmultipleopenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

23 Waterheating 13923.1 Hotwaterstoragetank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14023.2 Instantaneouswaterheatingatpointofuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14123.3 Combinationboiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14123.4 Communityheatingscheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14223.5 Multi-pointgaswaterheaterorheatexchangebuiltintoagaswarm

airsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14323.6 Boilerwiththermalstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14323.7 Combinedprimarystorageunit(CPSU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14523.8 MicroCHP orheatpump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14623.9 Communityheatingschemeprovidingdomestichotwateronly . . 14723.10 Solarpanels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

24 Primaryheating 15024.1 Dwellingswithtwomainheatingsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15124.2 Efficiencydataforheatingsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15224.3 Themainprimaryheatingsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15324.4 Additionaldata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

25 Secondaryheating 161

26 Overheating 162

27 Cooling 163

28 Renewablesandspecialfeatures 16428.1 Photovoltaicpanels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16528.2 Windturbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16528.3 Hydro-electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16628.4 Wastewaterheatrecoverysystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16628.5 Fluegasheatrecoverysystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16828.6 Otherallowablegeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16928.7 Specialfeatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

29 Complianceandreports 17129.1 Checkingcompliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17129.2 OutputtingSAP results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

30 Multipledwellings 175

VI ImportingdwellingdatafromIES VirtualEnvironment 177

31 OverviewofVE import 178

CONTENTS vi

32 PreparingaVE modelforSAP 17932.1 Definingdwellingswithroomgroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17932.2 Identifyingthedwellinglivingarea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

33 ExportingfromVE 18133.1 SAP version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18133.2 Consolidationofelements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18133.3 Theexportprocedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

34 Completingthecalculation 18434.1 Dwellingdimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18434.2 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18434.3 Walls, roofsandfloors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18434.4 Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18534.5 Buildingservices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18734.6 Checkingcompliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18734.7 Reportingresults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

35 Exportingseveraldwellingsatonce 18935.1 Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18935.2 Buildingservices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

VII Programoptionsandreference 191

36 Programoptions 19236.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19236.2 Logoandsignature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19336.3 Email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19436.4 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19436.5 Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

37 CustomisingJPA Designer 19637.1 Creatingenvironmentalconditionsdatasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19637.2 Sharingauser-definedmaterialsbetweencomputers . . . . . . . . 197

38 Menureference 20038.1 Projectmanagerwindow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20038.2 U-valuemodule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20338.3 Psi-valueassistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20438.4 SAP modules– singledwellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20538.5 SAP modules–multipledwellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

PartI

JPA Designerbasics

1

1 IntroducingJPA Designer

Welcome to JPA Designer, thedesignandcalculationprogram from JPA TL Ltd. JPADesignercan:

• carryout SAP calculations to SAP versions9.92, 9.90, 9.81, 9.80and9.70, todemonstratecompliancewiththeenergyefficiencyrequirementsofBuildingReg-ulationsandBuildingStandards1 andaspartofCodeforSustainableHomes(CSH)assessments;

• lodgeOn-constructionEnergyPerformanceCertificates(EPCs)fordwellingsinEng-landandWales, ScotlandandNorthernIreland;

• assessPV andwindturbineoutputcalculationsforfeed-intariffinstallations;

• calculateU-valuesforbuildingelements;

• carryoutcondensationriskanalysistoBS EN ISO 13788;

JPA Designerincludesmanyfeaturestomakethecalculationprocesseasier:

• Project-basedfilesystemenablesyoutokeepallthecalculationsforonedevelop-mentinsameprojectfile;

• U-valuetemplatestospeedupcalculations.

• LinksbetweenU-valueandSAP calculations, sothatSAP calculationsareautomat-icallyupdatedwhenU-valuecalculationschange;

• CalculationresultscanbeproducedasPDF filesforemailing;

• A databaseofcommonmaterialstospeedU-valuecalculations;

WehopeyoufindJPA Designerausefulcalculationtool. Wearealwayshappytoreceivecomments, suggestions for improvementsor proposals for enhancements to suit yourspecificneeds.

1InordertolodgeandissueEPCsyouwillneedtobeamemberofanaccreditationscheme(EnglandandWales, NorthernIreland)orprotocolorganisation(Scotland). Youcanfinddetailsofourpartnerschemesatwww.techlit.co.uk/training/accreditation.

2

CHAPTER1. INTRODUCING JPA DESIGNER 3

1.1 Conventionsforthemanual

Themanualusesthefollowingconventions:

• <angledbrackets> forkeysonthecomputerkeyboard, e.g. the <Enter> key.

• the + signindicatesyoushouldholddownonekeywhilepressinganother, e.g.<Alt+F> means‘holddownthe <Alt> keywhilepressingthe <F> key’.

• Boldtype indicatespartsofJPA Designer’sscreendisplays, e.g. the Ventilationratedialogue.

• Menu>option indicatesanoptioninamenuontheprogram’smenubar, e.g. SelectEdit>Primaryheating system means clickon the Edit menuandselect Primaryheatingsystem fromthelist.

Thismanualusesthefollowingspecialterms:

• Dialogue(dialoguebox): asmallwindowwhichdisplaystextboxesorbuttonsforenteringdata.

• Radiobutton: asetoftwoormorerelatedbuttons-youcanonlyselectoneatatime.

• Tickbox: aboxwhichletsyouturnasettingon(ticked)oroff(notticked).

• Textbox: anareaonadialogueinwhichyoucantypewordsornumbers.

• List: aboxonadialoguewhichcanbeexpandedtoshowanumberofpre-setoptions, usuallybyclickinganarrowontheright-handsideofthebox.

ManyfunctionsofJPA Designercanbeaccessedusingeitherthemenusorthetoolbars:also, somemayalsohavekeyboardshortcuts. Toavoidrepetitionthismanualrefersonlytothemenus.

1.2 Gettinghelp

Ifyouhaveaproblemwiththe functioning ofthesoftwarepleasefollowthesesteps:

• Downloadand install the latest versionof JPA Designer fromourweb site (seesection 2.2 forinstructions)andseeifthatresolvestheproblem.

• ChecktheforumandFAQ onourwebsite(http://forum.techlit.co.uk)toseeiftheproblemisaddressedthere.

• Iftheproblempersists, emaildetailsoftheproblemto [email protected]. PleaseincludedetailsofyourcomputersystemandattachsamplefilesorPDF outputswherepossible. Wewillrespondassoonaswecan.

Ifyouhavedifficulty using theprogram(forexample, youareuncertainhowtoenteralayerinacondensationriskcalculation)pleasefollowthesesteps:

http://forum.techlit.co.uk

CHAPTER1. INTRODUCING JPA DESIGNER 4

• Consulttheprogrammanualoron-linehelpsystem;

• ChecktheforumandFAQ onourwebsite(http://forum.techlit.co.uk)toseeifthequeryisaddressedthere;

Ifyouarenewtocondensationriskcalculationsweofferdistancelearningandon-linetrainingtrainingcourses, whichprovideathoroughintroductiontothesoftwareanditsuse. Youcanfindmoredetailsat http://www.techlit.co.uk/training.

http://forum.techlit.co.uk

http://www.techlit.co.uk/training

2 Gettingstarted

ThissectionofthemanualdescribeshowtoinstallJPA DesigneronyourPC andexplainshowtheuserregistrationandon-linelicencecheckingsystemswork. Italsoincludesinstructionsonaddingyourcompanydetailsandlogotoreports.

2.1 Systemrequirements

JPA DesignerrunsonWindowsXP,WindowsVista, Windows7, Windows8(seeTech-nicalNote2012/04)andWindows10. AppleMacintoshuserscanrunJPA DesigneronaWindowsvirtualmachineunderParallelsDesktoporVMWareFusion, oronaWin-dowsinstallationusingBootCamp(wedonotoffertechnicalsupportforinstallingJPADesigneronsuchsystems).

Whatevercomputeryouareusing itwill requirean internetconnection tocheck thevalidityofthelicence, toupdatetheBRE ProductCharacteristicsDatabasefortheSAP2012moduleandtoissueEPCs.

2.2 Installation

ToinstallJPA DesigneronyourPC:

1. Gotoourwebsiteatwww.techlit.co.ukand rightclick onthelinklabelled down-load JPA Designer: select Save linkas or Savetargetas (theexactwordingwilldependonwhichthebrowseryouareusing).

2. Savetheinstallerfile jsetup990.exe toyourPC (werecommenddownloadingthefiletotheDesktop). Thedownloadisabout6.5MB.

3. Whenthedownloadiscompletedoubleclickonthefile jsetup990.exe. TheIn-stallShieldWizardconfiguresitselfand, afterafewmomentsopens.

Youmayseeasecuritywarningthatthepublisherofthefilecouldnotbeidentified.Ifyoudo, click Run tocontinuetheinstallationprocess.

4. Click Next tocontinuewithinstallation. Theinstallerdisplaysthe LicenceAgree-ment. Tocontinuewiththeinstallationclick I acceptthetermsofthelicenceagree-ment, thenclick Next.

5

CHAPTER2. GETTING STARTED 6

5. At the Customer information screenenter yournameandcompanynameand,usingtheradiobuttons, selectwhetheryouwantJPA Designertobeavailabletoalluseraccountsonthecomputer, orjustone. (Werecommendyouselect all.) ClickNext.

6. Atthe ChooseDestinationLocation screenwerecommendyouacceptthedefaultsettingsandinstallJPA Designerintothefolder c:\programfiles\jpatl\jpadesigner981. Click Next. The installerwillnowcopy the JPA Designerfilesontoyourcomputer.

7. Wheninstallationhasfinishedthe SetupComplete screenisdisplayed. Ticktheboxlabelled Launchtheprogram andclick Finish. Theinstallerwillcloseand JPADesigner willopen, showingyouthe ProjectManager window.

2.3 Userregistration

InordertouseJPA Designeryoumustentervaliduserregistrationdetailsandtheprogrammustbeabletocheckthestatusofyourlicenceagainstourlicensingdatabase. Wesupplytheusernameandkeycodewhenyoubuyalicenceforamodule. IfyoudonotenteryourdetailsJPA Designerrunsin demonstrationmode andwillnotdisplaytheresultsofcalculations.

Toenterlicensedetailsforamodule:

1. Atthe ProjectManager window(Figure 2.1)select Edit>UserandSecurityCodesfromthemenubar. The UserRegistration dialogueopens(section 2.3).

2. Inthesectionforthemodule(e.g. theU-valuemodule)enterthecompanyname–exactlyassuppliedintheregistrationemail–inthebox Yourcompanyname.

Thecompanynameiscasesensitiveandshouldbeenteredexactlyasshownintheemail: soif, forexample, youenter Limited, whenthecompanynamewiththekeycodecontained Ltd theprogramwillnotacceptthekeycode.

3. Copythekeycodefromtheregistrationemailandpasteitintothebottomboxonthe UserRegistration dialogue.

4. Clickthe Apply…code buttonforthemodule. Theprogramcopiesthecodeintothe Keycode boxesforthemodule.

Ifyouhaveboughtseveralmodulesrepeatthestepsforeachone.

2.4 On-linelicencechecking

JPA Designerchecks thevalidityofyour licenceforamodule thefirst timeyouopenacalculationafter the theprogramhasstarted. Itdoes thisbycontactingouron-linelicensingdatabaseandcheckingtheexpirydateformodule1.

1Theprocessonlylooksforthecompanynameandchecksthelicencestatusandexpirydateonthedatabase.


Figure 2.1: TheProjectManagerwindow

Figure 2.2: TheUserRegistrationdialogue


• Ifthecheckissuccessfulandthelicenceisvalidthemodulewillopen. (Thepro-gramwillrecordthedateandtimeofthatsuccessfulcheck).

• Iftheprogramisunabletoconnectwiththedatabase(forexample, becauseyouareusingyour lap-topaway fromyouroffice) itwill lookat thedateof the lastsuccessfulcheck: ifthatislessthansevendaysagothenthemodulewillopen.

• Iftheprogramisunabletoconnectwiththedatabaseandthelastsuccessfulcheckismorethansevendaysagothenitwill not openthemodule.

• Ifthecheckissuccessfulandthelicenceisnotvalidthecalculationwillnotopen.

IfyouoftenuseJPA Designerawayfromtheofficetherearetwofeaturesyoucanusetopreventproblemswiththelicencecheck:

• The ProjectManager toolbardisplaysthelengthoftimesincethelastsuccessfullicencecheck: providedthevaluesshownare green themodulewillopen.

• The Checklicenceon-line buttononthetoolbarwillforcealicencecheckandre-setthetimesincethelastchecktozero. Youshouldforceacheckifyouexpectnottohaveaninternetconnectionforafewdays.

2.5 Updates

JPA Designeriscontinuallybeingdevelopedtointroducenewfeatures: togetthebestfromtheprogramitisworthmakingsureyouareusingthelatestversion. Youcanfindtheversionnumberbyselecting Help>About fromthemenubarinJPA Designerandcomparethatwiththeversionnumbershownonour website2 (www.techlit.co.uk).

Highernumbersandlettersindicatelaterreleases, withcharacterscomingearlierinthenamebeingmoreimportantthatlaterones: so4.05a1willbemorerecentthan4.04c2,and4.05b1morerecentthan4.04a4. Thethreedigit Build numberindicatesaminorchangeinaversion. Figure 2.3 showsthe About dialogueforJPA Designertogetherwiththeversionnumberonthewebsite: inthiscasethesoftwareisuptodate, asbothversionnumbersarethesame.

Theprocessforupdatingthesoftwareisidenticaltothatoforiginallyinstallingit3 (seesection 2.2).

Youcanfinddetailsofthechangesineachversionontheannouncementssectionofourwebforum4.

Youcanset JPA Designertocheckforupdatesautomaticallybytickingthe Checkforupdates boxontheGeneral taboftheOptions dialogue. Wheneveryoustarttheprogramitwillchecktheprogramdatestampagainstthatofthelatestinstalleronourwebsite. Iftheprogramismorethanadayolderthantheinstallertheprogramwillpromptyoutodownloadthelatestversionfromourwebsite.

2www.techlit.co.uk3Ifyouareusingaversionearlierthan5.02a3youwillhavetouninstalltheprogramusingtheWindows

Add/removeprograms or Uninstallprograms controlpanel.4http://forum.techlit.co.uk/viewforum.php?f=13

www.techlit.co.uk

http://forum.techlit.co.uk/viewforum.php?f=13

www.techlit.co.uk

http://forum.techlit.co.uk/viewforum.php?f=13


Figure 2.3: TheAboutdialogueshowingtheversionnumber

2.6 OpeningandclosingJPA Designer

ToopenJPA Designer:

• Select Programs>JPA Designer>JPA Designer fromtheWindows Start menu.

Figure 2.4: The New dialogueforJPA Designer

A splashscreenappearswhenyouopenJPA Designer. Theprogramcanalsobeconfig-uredtoshowthe New dialogue(Figure 2.4), whichpromptsyoutocreatenewcalcula-tionsorprojects.IfyoudonotwanttousetheNew dialogueyoucantickDon’tshowthisdialogueonstartup. Alternatively, youcanturntheoptiononoroffinthe Options dialogue(chapter 36).TocloseJPA Designer:


• Select File>Exit fromtheJPA Designermenubar. Theprogramwillpromptyoutocloseanyfileswhichhavenotbeensaved.

2.7 UninstallingJPA Designer

TouninstallJPA Designer:

1. OpentheWindows Add/Removeprograms controlpanel(toaccessControlPanelsselect Settings>ControlPanels fromthe Start menu).

2. SelectJPA Designerinthe Add/RemoveProgramsProperties dialogueandclickAdd/Remove. Windowswilluninstalltheprogramfilesandremoveitsicons.

UninstallingtheprogramwillnotremoveanyJPA Designerprojectfiles.

2.8 Addingyourcompanydetailstoreports

MostofthereportsproducedbyJPADesignercanbecustomisedtoincludeyourcompanyname, addressandlogo. Thedetailsareaddedusing Options dialoguefromthemainProjectManager window(see section 2.8). Thelogomustbea256colourBMP formatfile5.

ItisalsopossibletosetupdetailsforseveraldifferentcompanieswithinJPA Designer:thesesetsofaddressdetailsandlogosarereferredtoasidentities(see section 2.8). Youcanswitchbetweenidentitiestoproducecalculationreportswithdifferentaddressesandlogos.

Settingupaddressdetails

Figure 2.5: TheOptionsdialogue-Generaltab

Tosetupyourcompanydetailsandlogoforreports:5Ifyouhavethecompanylogoinadifferentformat, suchasajpeg, tifforpng, youcanusethefree

PaintprogramwhichcomeswithmostversionsofMS Windows™toconvertittotherightformatandtosetthecorrectcolourdepth.


1. IntheProjectManagerwindow, select Options fromthemenubar. The Optionsdialogueopens.

2. Inthe General tabenteryourcompanyname, address, phoneandemaildetailsinthe Companyname&address section(see Figure 2.5).

3. Tickthe PrintLogo&Address box.

4. EnterthewordingofanydisclaimerswhichyouwanttoappearatthebottomofU-valueandSAP reportsinthe U-valuedisclaimer and SAP boxes.

5. IfyouhaveenteredwordingfortheU-valueand/orSAP disclaimerstickthe PrintU-valuedisclaimer and/orthe PrintSAP disclaimer boxes.

6. Clickthe Logo&Signature tab.

7. Inthe Logoposition sectionenterthelocationofthe Top and Left sidesofthelogo,relativetothepage, andenterthe Width ofthelogo. Alldimensionsshouldbeinmillimetres. Itwillprobablytakesomeexperimentationtogetthelogopositionandsizecorrect.

8. Enterthenameofthe Logofile, includingthe .bmp extension, thenclick OK toclosethedialogue.

9. Copyormovethelogofiletothefoldercontainingtheuserdata. OnWindows7thiswillbe c:\ProgramData\JPA\JPA Designer.

Note: The Certificatesignatureposition andassociatedsettingsarenolongerinuse.

IfyouareacompetentpersonundertheTIMSA/BBA U-valuecompetencyschemeyoucanconfigureJPA Designertoaddtheschemelogotoyourcalculations:

1. Clickthe Logo&Signature tab.

2. Inthe TIMSA logoposition sectionenterthelocationofthe Top and Left sidesofthelogo, relativetothepage, andenterthe Width ofthelogo. Alldimensionsshouldbeinmillimetres.

Itwillprobablytakesomeexperimentationtogetthelogopositionandsizecorrect.

3. Enterthenameofthe Logofile, includingthe .bmp extension, thenclick OK toclosethedialogue.

4. Copyormovethelogofiletothefoldercontainingtheuserdata. OnWindows7thiswillbe c:\ProgramData\JPA\JPA Designer.

5. IfyouwanttheTIMSA logotobeusedbydefaulttick DefaulttoprintTIMSA logo.

Youcanalwaysoverridethedefaultsettinginthe SectionsToPrint dialogue.


Settingupidentities

Theprocedureforsettingupidentitiesissimilartothatforsettingaddressdetails:

1. Enterthedetailsforthefirstcompanyasdescribedin section 2.8.

2. Re-openthe Options dialogue.

3. In the Identity list select thefirstblank identity (usually labelled Blank1). TheCompanyname&address anddisclaimerinformationwillbecleared.

4. Enterthedetailsforthesecondcompany, includingthedatain Logoandsignaturetab. Click OK toclosethedialogueandsavethedata.

5. Repeatsteps2–4foranyfurtheridentities.

Asyouadd identities theywillbeadded to the Identities list, using the Name of thecompanyinthelist. Ifyouneedtoeditthedataforanyoneoftheidentities, selectitfromthe Identities list, makethechangesandclick OK.JPA Designerallowsyoutosetuptotwentydistinctidentities.

Ifyouneedtocopy theaddressdetails in identitiesbetweendifferentcomputers (thisisoftendonetoensureeveryuserinacompanyhasthesamedetailssetup)youcanusethe Copytoclipboard and Pastefromclipboard buttonstotherightofthe Identitiesdropdowninthe Options dialogue(see Figure 2.5).

WhenyoucometocreateaPDF ofareportortoprintityouwillbeabletoselectoneoftheidentitiestousetheassociateddetailsintheheader. Notethatwhicheveridentityyouselectwhenproducingareport, thereportfooterwillalwaysshowthenameofthecompanyorindividualholdingthelicence.

3 Managingprojectsandcalculations

ThischapterexplainshowJPA Designerstorescalculationsanddescribeshowtoworkwithprojectfilesandcalculations. Itdescribeshowtousecalculationtemplatestospeedupthecalculationprocess.

3.1 Theprojectfile

JPA Designerorganisesandsavescalculationsinprojectfiles, whichhavetheextensionJDP.Youcansavemultiplecalculationsinthesamefile.

Calculationsarecreated, savedandmanagedintheJPA Designer ProjectManager win-dow(Figure 2.1), whichlistsallthecalculationsinthecurrentproject.

3.2 Startinganewproject

WheneveryoustartJPA Designertheprogramcreatesanewblankprojectwhichyoucanusestraightaway. Youcanalsocreateanewprojectatanytimebyselecting File>NewProject fromthemainmenu, orclickingthe NewProject buttononthetoolbar.

Youcanchangethedefaultprojectname A blankproject tosomethingmoreuseful:

1. Clickonceontheprojectnameandselect Edit>Renameselecteditem. The Projectname dialogueopens(Figure 3.1).

2. Enterthenewnameforyourproject, thenclickOK.

3. Theprojectisrenamed

Theprojectnamedoesnotaffectthecalculationsinanyway.

3.3 Addingprojectaddressdetails

Youcanenterclientaddressandsitedetailsforaproject, whichyoucanthencopytoalltheindividualcalculationswithinthatproject. Youcanenterandeditthatinforma-tionusingthe ProjectAddress dialogue(Figure 3.2). Youcanalsostoreclientaddressinformationtoreuseinotherprojects.

Toaddclientandprojectdetails:

13

CHAPTER3. MANAGING PROJECTS AND CALCULATIONS 14

Figure 3.1: Changingthenameofaproject

Figure 3.2: TheProjectAddressdialogue

1. From themenubar select Edit>ProjectAddress. The ProjectAddress dialogueopens.

2. Enterthedatabytypingitintotheappropriateboxes. Usethe <Tab> keytomovebetweenboxes.

Donot try toenterdata in thetop lefthandbox: thisbox isusedforretrievingdetailsyouhavepreviouslystored.

3. Ifyouwanttostoretheclientdetailstore-uselaterclick Addtoclients.

4. Click OK whenyouhaveenteredallthedatayouneed.

Tocopytheprojectaddressdetailstoallthecalculationsinaproject:

1. Entertheaddressdetailsinthe ProjectAddress dialogue.

2. Click Passdown.


3. Click Yes attheconfirmationdialogue.

4. Oncethecopyingisdoneclick OK.

Youcanalsocopyprojectaddressdetailstoindividualcalculationsonceyouhaveopenedthecalculations(see section 4.1).

Tore-useexistingclientdatasimplyclickonthelistatthetopofthe Projectinformationdialogueandselectaclientname(Figure 3.3).

Ifyouneedtoeditthedetailsheldforclientsclick Editclientslist thenmakethechangesinthe EditClients dialogue.

Figure 3.3: Theclientnameandaddresslist

3.4 Settingthecalculationregion

JPA Designerisdesignedtocarryoutthethermalcalculationsrequiredindifferentregionsoftheworld. SomeregionsrequireU-valuecalculations, whileothersrequireR-valuecalculations: someregionsonlyconsiderone-wayheatflowwhileothersrequiretwo-directionalheatflow(see Table 3.1. Theregionsettingsalsodeterminetheclimatedataavailableforcondensationriskanalysis.

Table 3.1: Regionalcalculationsettings

Region Calculationtype Heatflow

Asia U-value Heat-outAustralia R-value Heat-in/heat-outIreland U-value Heat-outMiddleEast U-value Heat-in/heat-outNewZealand R-value Heat-in/heat-outUK U-value Heat-out

Thecalculationregioncanbesetinthe ProjectAddress dialogue(see Figure 3.2):

1. Selectthe Region inthelist.

2. Click Setasdefault.

3. Allnewcalculationswillusethatregion.

Youcanoverridetheregionsettingforindividualcalculationsinthe ProjectInformation&Options dialogue.


3.5 Savingprojects

JPA Designerprojectaresavedinthesamewayasanyotherfile:

1. Fromthemenubarselect File>SaveProject. The SaveAs dialogueopens.

2. Selectthefolderintowhichtheprojectshouldbesaved, enteranamefortheprojectfile.

BydefaultJPA Designerwilladdtheextension JDP toallfilenames.

3. Click Save. JPADesignersavestheprojectanddisplaysthefilenameontheprogramtitlebar.

BydefaultJPA DesignerwillsavefilesintotheJPA Designeruserdatafolder(onWindows7usually c:\ProgramData\JPATL\JPA Designer981). Youcanspecifyadifferentdefaultfolderbyspecifyingthe startup folderusingthe Options dialogue).

Figure 3.4: StartupfoldercontrolsintheOptionsdialogue

Tospecifythe startup folder:

1. Fromthemenubarselect Options.

2. Onthe General tabclickthe Select buttonforthe Startupfolder (item1in Fig-ure 3.4).

3. Inthe BrowseForFolder dialogueselectafolderandclick OK.

4. ThefolderwillnowbethedefaultlocationforsavingJPA DesignerfilesandPDFfilesofcalculationreports.

Werecommendyouhavearegularback-upscheduleforyourdata.

3.6 Openingprojects

Toopenanexistingproject:

1. Fromthemenubarselect File>Openproject. The Open dialogueopens.

2. Selectthefileyouwanttoworkwith, thenclick Open. TheprojectopensintheProjectManager window.


3.7 Addingcalculationstoaproject

Youcanaddnewcalculationstoaprojectinthe ProjectManager window.

ToaddanewU-valuecalculationtoaproject:

1. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>U-valuecalculation. The Description dialogueopens(Figure 3.5).

2. Typeanameforthecalculationinthe Description dialogue, e.g. warmroof, andclick OK.Thenewcalculationisaddedtotheproject.

Figure 3.5: TheDescriptiondialogue

ToaddanewSAP calculationtoaproject:

1. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>Dwelling/SAP (v9.922012)calculation>Singledwelling. The Description dialogueopens(Figure 3.5).

2. Typeanameforthecalculationinthe Description dialogue, e.g. Plot23, andclickOK.Thenewcalculationisaddedtotheproject.

YoucanalsousetheInsertmenutoinsertcalculationstoversions9.90, 9.81, 9.80and9.70ofSAP,aswellasSAP calculationsformultipledwellings. FollowthesamebasicproceduretoaddPV assessmentandPsi-valueassistantcalculationstoaproject.

WhennamingU-valueandSAP calculationsavoidusingtheWindowsrestrictedchar-acters’/\: *? < > |, otherwiseyouwillhaveproblemscreatingPDFsofcalculationreports(see chapter 12 foramoredetailedexplanation.

3.8 UsingU-valuecalculationtemplates

JPA DesigneroffersarangeofstandardU-valuecalculations, whichyoucanusetospeedupthecalculationprocessandminimiserepetitivework. Wereferthesestandardcalcu-lationsasU-valuetemplates. EachtemplatecontainsthesameinformationasanormalU-valuecalculationincludingelementdefinitions, layerswithbridgingdetailsandcor-rectionfactors.

Youcaneitherusethetemplate‘asis’withoutmodifyingit, oruseitasastartingpointtoproduceyourowncalculation, butwhicheverrouteyouchose, thecalculationprocesswillbequicker.

TherearethreetypesofU-valuetemplate:


• standardtemplatesforroofs, wallsandfloors. Thesearegenericcalculationswhichcanbeadaptedbychangingmaterialsandthicknesses. Theyaresuppliedwiththeprogram.

• manufacturers’templates. A numberofconstructionproductmanufacturershavesuppliedU-valuetemplatesfortypicalconstructionsfeaturingtheirproducts. Thetemplatesaresuppliedwiththeprogram1.

• user-defined templates. These are calculationswhich you have previously per-formedandthensavedasatemplate, enablingyoutobuildupalibraryofcom-monlyusedcalculations. See section 3.8 forinstructions.

InsertingaU-valuecalculationfromatemplate

ThecontrolsforinsertingU-valuecalculationsbasedontemplatesareatthebottomofthe ProjectManager window(Figure 3.6). ToinsertanewU-valuecalculationbasedonatemplate:

Figure 3.6: Thetemplateselectioncontrols

1. Inthe Categories listselectthe type oftemplateyouwant. Thatmaybeamanufac-turer’scategory, oneofthedefaultcategories, oratemplategroupyouhavecreatedpreviously.

2. Inthe Templates drop-downlistpickthetemplateyouwishtouse.

3. Click NewU-valuefromTemplate. The Description dialogueopens.

4. Editthenameofthetemplatetosuityourproject, oracceptthedefaultname. Onceyouareready, click OK.

5. A newU-valuecalculationisaddedtotheproject.

6. Youcannowopenandeditthecalculationbydouble-clickingonitsnameintheProjectManager list.

Creatinguserdefinedtemplates

Youcancreate templates fromyourownU-valuecalculationsby saving them in JPADesignertemplatefiles, whichhavethefileextensionJTF.Youcanhaveseveraldifferenttemplatefileswhichallowsyoutosortthecalculationsintogroups: youmighthaveone

1IfyouareamanufacturersofconstructionmaterialsyoucanaddU-valuecalculationswhichincludeyourmaterials into the setof templateswhich isdistributedwith JPA Designer. OfferingU-valuecal-culationswithyourmaterialsmakesiteasierfordesignerstoincludetheminU-valuecalculationsandspecificationsandhelpstoensurethematerialsareincludedincalculationscorrectly. PleasecontactJPATL Ltdforinformationandcurrentpricing.


forwallcalculationsandoneforfloorcalculations, alternatively, youmightdividethemintomasonryortimberframedcalculations.Thesimplestwaytocreateatemplatefileistousethe ImportU-value featuretocollectalltheexistingU-valuecalculationsyouwantavailableintooneprojectthensavetheprojectasatemplatefile.ToimportanexistingU-valuecalculationtoaproject:

1. StartanewprojectinJPA Designer: onthe File menuclick New.

2. Onthe File menuclick ImportU-valuefromanotherJPA Designerproject.

3. Inthe Open windowselectthefilewhichcontainsthecalculation.

4. Atthe ImportU-valuefromProject dialogue(Figure 3.7)selecttheU-valuecalcu-lationfromthelistandclick OK.

5. TheU-valuecalculationisaddedtotheopenproject.

6. Repeattheprocesstoimportallcalculationsyouwantintotheproject.

Figure 3.7: TheImportU-valuedialogue

Youcan, ofcourse, createnewcalculationsforthetemplateifyouwantto.Thenamewhichappears in the Categories list is taken from the projectname in theProjectManagerwindow. Sobeforeyou savea templatefileyou shouldchange theprojectname tosomethingwhichwillhelpyou identify thecalculations fromthe list(Figure 3.8)2.Tosetthe projectname:

2Thedefault A BlankProject willbenohelpatallafewweeksafteryouhavecreatedthetemplate.


Figure 3.8: Changingthe projectname

1. In the ProjectManager windowdoubleclickon the projectname – thedefaultvalueis A blankproject.

2. Inthe ProjectName dialoguetypeanewnamefortheproject.

ThetemplatefilemustbesavedinthesamefolderastheotherJPA DesigneruserdatafilesandintheJTF format. Tosaveaprojectasatemplate:

1. Onthe File menuclick SaveProjectasTemplate.

2. Entera Filename.

3. Set the folder to theuserdata folder (inWindows7: c:\ProgramData\JPA\JPADesigner).

4. Makesure Saveastype issetto JPA DesignerU-valueTemplate(JTF) andclickOK.

5. Yourtemplateprojectisnowincludedinthe Categories list.

3.9 Openingandclosingcalculations

Toopenacalculationfromthe ProjectManager window, either:

• doubleclickonthecalculationname; or,

• clickonceonthecalculationname, thenfromthemenubarselect Edit>Selecteditem.

Tocloseacalculationandreturntothe Projectmanager windowclickthe Projectman-ager buttononthetoolbar.


3.10 Duplicatingcalculations

Ifyouwanttocarryoutacalculationwhichisverysimilartoanexistingcalculationinaprojectyoucanduplicatethecalculationandthenchangethecopy, leavingtheoriginalcalculationuntouched. Toduplicateacalculation:

1. Inthe ProjectManager windowclickonceonthecalculationtoselectit.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Duplicateitem. The Description dialogueopens.

3. Typeaname for theduplicatecalculationandclick OK.A copyof theoriginalcalculationisaddedtotheproject.

WhennamingacalculationavoidusingtheWindowsrestrictedcharacters’/\: *?< > |, otherwiseyouwillhaveproblemscreatingPDFsofcalculationreports(seechapter 12)foramoredetailedexplanation.

Youcannowworkwiththeduplicatecalculationintheusualway.

3.11 ImportingU-valuecalculations

Whenyouneedtore-useanexistingU-valuecalculationinanewprojectyoucanimportacopyofthecalculationfromitsoriginalprojectintoanewone.

Toimportacalculationintothecurrentproject:

1. Onthe ProgramManager File menuselect ImportU-valuefromanotherJPA De-signerproject.

2. IntheOpen dialogueselecttheprojectcontainingtheoriginalU-valuecalculation.Click OK.

3. Inthe ImportU-valuefromProject dialogueclickonthecalculationtoselectit,thenclick OK.TheU-valuecalculationiscopiedintothecurrentproject.

ImportingexistingU-valuecalculationsintoanewprojectisaquickwayofbuildingasetofU-valuetemplates(see section 3.8).

3.12 ConvertingbetweenSAP versions

JPA DesignercanconvertSAP calculationscarriedoutunderoneversionofSAP toalaterversionofSAP ortoanearlierone. YoumayneedtodothiswhentheBuildingRegulationscompliancecalculationisbasedononeversionofSAP,buttheEPC hastobeissuedusingtheanotherversionofSAP.Theprogramtakesacopyofthedatafromtheoriginalcalculationandconvertsthecopytotherequiredversion, leavingtheoriginalcalculationuntouched.

Youcanconvert:

• SAP 2001(V9.70)toSAP 2005(V9.80/9.81);


• SAP 2005(V9.81)toSAP 2009(V9.90);

• SAP 2009(V9.90)toSAP 2012(V9.92);

• SAP 2009(V9.90)toSAP 2005(V9.81).

• SAP 2012(V9.92)toSAP 2009(V9.90).

Toconvertacalculation:

1. Selectthecalculationintheprojectlistbyclickingonitonce.

2. Fromthe Edit menuselecttheappropriate Copyselected… item.

3. JPA Designercreatesacopyoftheoriginalcalculationinthenewformat. Thecopyhasthesamenameastheoriginal, butappendedwiththenewformat(forexample,SAP version9.92).

Onceyouhavecarriedouttheconversionyoushouldcheckthenewcalculation, partic-ularlywhenconvertingtoanewerversionofSAP,astheremaybeadditionalinformationwhichyouneedtoenter. Wherebuildingservicesinformationhasbeentakenfromtheboilerdatabase(SAP 2001andSAP 2005)ortheProductCharacteristicsDataFile(SAP2009andSAP 2012)youshouldre-selectthesystemsintheconvertedcalculation.

Finally, itisalsopossibletoimportSAP 1998(9.60)calculationsfromJPA SAP v23 andconvertthemtoSAP 9.70:

1. Fromthemenubarselect ImportJPA SAP fileintothisProject.

2. Inthe Open dialogueselecttheJPA SAP fileyouwishtoimport.

3. JPA DesignercreatesacopyoftheoriginalcalculationasaSAP 2001(V9.70)cal-culation.

3.13 Renamingcalculations

Tochangethenameofacalculation:


2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Renameselecteditem. The Name dialogueopens.

3. Enteranewnameforthecalculationandclick OK.The ProjectManager windowshowsthenewname.

WhennamingacalculationavoidusingtheWindowsrestrictedcharacters’/\: *?< > |, otherwiseyouwillhaveproblemscreatingPDFsofcalculationreports(seechapter 12 foramoredetailedexplanation.

Changingthenameofthecalculationwillnotaffectthecalculationresults.3JPA SAP v2wastheprecursoroftheJPA DesignerSAP module.


3.14 Deletingcalculations

CalculationscanbedeletedfromJPA Designerprojects.

WARNING:thereisnowayofrecoveringadeletedcalculation.

Todeleteacalculation:


2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Deleteselected item. JPA Designerasksyou toconfirmthedeletion.

3. Click Yes todeletethecalculationor No toabandonthedeletion. Ifyouclick Yesthecalculationisremovedfromtheproject.

3.15 Mergingprojects

UsingtheMergeprojects functionyoucancopyallthecalculationsinanexistingprojectinto thecurrentlyopenproject. Thiscanbeuseful ifyouhaveanumberofstandardcalculationsstoredindifferentprojectswhichyouneedtobringtogetherforaparticularjob. Mergingdoesnotchangetheprojectyouarecopying from.

Tomergecalculationsfromoneprojectintoanother:

1. In ProjectManager openorcreatetheprojectyouwantto receive thecalculations.

2. Fromthemenubarselect File>MergeaprojectfromdiskintothisProject. TheOpen dialogueappears.

3. Selectthefilewhich contains thecalculationsandclick Open. JPA Designeraddsthecalculationstothecurrentprojectandliststheminthe ProjectManager win-dow. Youcannoweditthemwithoutaffectingtheoriginalproject.

PartII

U-valuecalculations

24

4 TheJPA DesignerU-valuemodules

JPA DesignerofferstwoU-valuemodules:

• U-value2014 calculatesU-valuesforwalls, roofsandintermediatefloorsusingthecombinedmethod(BS EN ISO 6946: 2007)andalsocalculatesU-valuesforgroundfloorstoBS EN ISO 13370:2007.

• U-value2014Professional hasthefunctionalityofU-value2014andalsoperformscondensationriskanalysisusingthemethodssetoutinBS EN ISO 13788:2012.

U-valuecalculationsarecarriedoutintheU-valuemoduleby:

1. Enteringprojectinformation(section 4.1).

2. Settingkey informationabout theconstructionasawhole, suchas theelementtype (e.g.wall, floor, roof)andanyspecialconstruction types (e.g. metal frame)(chapter 5);

3. Definingthedifferentlayerswhichmakeuptheelement(chapter 7);

4. Addingcorrectionfactorsforfactorssuchasmechanicalfastenersandairgapsininsulationlayers(chapter 8).

5. Printingcalculationresults, orcreatingPDF filesoftheresultsforemailing(chap-ter 12).

Youcantesttheeffectdifferentmaterialshaveonthethermalperformanceoftheelementbyusingthevariablelayerfeature(section 9.4).

ThedetailsofU-valuecalculationareshowninthemainU-valuewindow(see Figure 4.1).Thewindowshowsthelayerswhichmakeuptheconstruction: eachlayerhasthermalandvapourdata, andmayhavethermalbridgedata. Theresultsofthecalculationareshownatthebottomofthewindow.

25

CHAPTER4. THE JPA DESIGNER U-VALUE MODULES 26

Figure 4.1: TheU-valuewindow

4.1 U-valueprojectinformation

JPA Designercanstoreclientandprojectdetailsforeachcalculationandthenaddthemto calculation reports. You can either the copy client andproject detailswhich youentered in the Project Information dialogue in the ProjectManager window, or youcanenternewdataintheU-valuemodules. Youcanalsosaveandre-useclientdata(seesection 3.3). Ineithercaseyoucanselectthe Region forthecalculation(see section 3.4foranexplanationofhowregionsettingsaffectcalculations).

TocopyprojectdetailsfromProjectManager:

1. IntheU-valuemoduleselect Edit>ProjectInformation fromthemenubar. TheProjectInformation dialogueopens.

2. Clickthe Inherit button.

3. Atthepromptchoosewhetheryouwantthecalculationtoinherittheregionsettingsfortheprojectornot1.

4. AnyinformationyouenteredinProjectManageriscopiedtothe ProjectInforma-tion dialoguehere.

5. Click OK.1Inmostcasesyouwillwanttoinherittheprojectregionsettings.

CHAPTER4. THE JPA DESIGNER U-VALUE MODULES 27

Toenternewprojectdetails:

1. IntheU-valuemoduleselect Edit>ProjectInformation fromthemenubar. TheProjectInformation dialogueopens.

2. Enterprojectinformationbytypingitintotheappropriatefields. Usethe <Tab>keytomovebetweenfields.

3. Ifyouneedtousearegionotherthanthedefault, selectthenew Region inthelist.

4. Click OK whenyouhaveenteredallthedatayouneed.

Tocopyprojectdetailsfromthecurrentcalculationtoallothercalculationsinproject:

1. Entertheaddressdetailsinthe ProjectInformationandOptions dialogue.

2. Click Passdown.

3. Atthe Information dialogueclick Yes.

5 U-valueConstructionDialogue

The thermalperformanceofbuildingelementwillbeaffectedby the typeofelementanditspositionwithinabuilding. Theseconditionsaresetinthe U-valueConstructiondialogue(Figure 5.1), whichhasthreetabs:

• ElementDetails: describedbelow.

• Unheatedspaces: usedtoallowfortheeffectofunheatedspacesonthethermalperformanceofbuildingelements. See section 8.7.

• PrintReportNotes: thistaballowsyoutoaddnotestothecalculationwhichwillappearonthePDF orprintcalculationreport. Typicallyusedtosetoutanyas-sumptionsmadeinthecalculation.

The ElementDetails tabacceptsinformationon:

• The Elementtype: thatis, whetheritisafloor, wallorroof, togetherwithadditionalinformationforsomeelements(section 5.1).

• Theconditionsattheinternalandexternalsurfaces(see section 5.2).

• Detailsofanylightsteelframeconstruction(see section 9.1).

• Detailsoftwin-skinmetalroofingorcladding(see section 9.2).

• Correctionsfactorsformechanicalfasteners(see chapter 8).

Toenterdata:

1. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Constructiontype. The U-valueConstruction dia-logueopens(Figure 5.1).

2. Enteryourdataandclick OK.

Forsomeconstructions, suchasthosewithmechanicalfasteners, youmayfinditeasiertoentersomeofthedataintheconstructiondialogue after youhaveenteredthelayersoftheelement.

28

CHAPTER5. U-VALUE CONSTRUCTION DIALOGUE 29

Figure 5.1: TheU-valueConstructiondialogue

5.1 Elementtype

JPA Designerrecognisesseveraltypesofelementwhichhavetobetreateddifferentlyinthecalculationprocess. Usetheradiobuttonsinthe Elementtype sectiontoselectthetypeoffloor, wallorroof. Someelementshaveoptionsforenteringadditionalinforma-tion.

Theavailableelementtypesare:

• Flatroof : aroofwithapitchtypicallylessthan10°. Thereisanoptiontoenterdataforaninvertedroof(section 9.3).

• Wall: anyconstructionatanangleofmorethan70°tothehorizontal. Thereisanoptiontoenterdataforbracketsandrailsinrainscreencladding(section 8.4), orforwindpostssupportingmasonry(section 8.5).

• Floorotherthangroundfloor: aflooroveranopenspace(e.g. aparkingbay)oranunheatedspace(e.g. anenclosedgarage). Thereisanoptiontoenterbracketsforacladdingsystemonthesoffit.

• Pitchedroofwithhorizontalceiling(legacy): typicallya coldpitchedroof withtheinsulationappliedbetweenandovertheceilingjoists. Youmustenterthepitch(angle)oftheroof, measuredfromthehorizontal. Thereisanoptiontocorrectfortheeffectofthelofthatch, see section 8.6.


ThiselementtyperepresentsthemethodoftreatingcoldpitchedroofswhichwasinusebeforetheintroductionofBR 443, asitcontainsaloftspacewithafixedthermalresistanceandwilladjusttheresistanceofanylayersabovetheloftforthepitch.NewcalculationstocomplywithBR 443shoulduseoneoftheBRE443Pitchedroofelementtypes.

• Pitchroofceilingatrafterline: a warmroof withtheinsulationintheplaneoftherafters.

• BRE443Pitchedroof–insulationatceilinglevel: a coldpitchedroof withinsulationappliedbetweenandovertherafters. Thethermalresistanceofalllayersabovetheinsulationisrepresentedbyasinglelayerselectedfromthe Roofconstruction list,usingthermalresistancestakenfromISO 6946. Thereisanoptiontocorrectfortheeffectofthelofthatch: see section 8.6

• BRE443Pitchedroof– insulationatrafter level, flatceiling: warmroof, withtheinsulationappliedatrafterline(between, beloworabovetherafters, oracombina-tionofthose), butahorizontalceiling. Specifytheroofpitchindegrees(measuredfromthehorizontal)tocorrectfortheinsulationbeinginadifferentplanetotheceiling.

• Suspendedgroundfloor: afloorwithaventilatedspacebelowthefloordeck, suchasabeamandblockfloorortimberjoistfloor. See chapter 10.

• Solidgroundfloor: afloorwhichiscontactwiththegroundacrossitswholearea,suchasgroundbearingconcreteslab. See chapter 10.

• Basementwall: abelowgroundwallofaheatedbasement. See chapter 11.

Thiscalculationrequiresinformationaboutthebasementfloorconstruction.

• Basementfloor. See chapter 11.

Youcanalsoenteradescriptionfortheelementinthe Description box, orselectonefromthedrop-downlist. Thedescriptiondoesnotaffectthecalculation

5.2 Internalandexternalsurfaces

U-valuecalculationstakeaccountoftheheatflowattheinternalandexternalsurfacesofanelementbymeansoftheinternalandexternal surfaceresistances. Thoseresistancesareaffectedbythedirectionofheatflowthroughtheconstructionandtheemissivityoftheexposedsurfaces.

Thesurfaceresistancesusedinthecalculationareshowninthetwo SurfaceResistanceboxes. Theprogramsetsthesurfaceresistancesbasedontheelementtype(section 5.1)andtheemissivityofthesurfaces, usingthevaluesfromBS EN ISO 6946shownin Ta-ble 5.1.

Thedefaultemissivitysettingis highemissivity whichsuitsthegreatmajorityoffacingmaterials1. Youcan, ofcourse, replacethedefaultresistanceswithyourownvaluesintheveryrarecaseswherethatisnecessary.

1Thereareveryfewconditionswhereitisnecessarytosettheemissivitytolow.


Table 5.1: Surfaceresistances

Heatflow Element Internalresistance(Rsi) Externalresistance(Rse)

Horizontal Wall 0.13 0.04Upwards Roof 0.10 0.04Downwards Floor 0.17 0.04

5.3 Lightsteelframeconstructiontype

U-values for lightsteel framestructureshave tobecalculatedusingaspecialmethodwhichallowsforthehighthermalconductivityofsteel. The Lightsteel-frameConstruc-tionType sectionindicateswhetherthestructurehasalightsteelframe, andifso, whetheritisofwarmorcoldconstruction.

Fornon-steelframestructuresensureNotalightsteelframeconstruction isselected. ForinstructionsforcalculatingU-valuesoflightsteelframestructuressee section 9.1.

6 Workingwithlayers

EachU-valuecalculationisbuiltupbyinsertinglayerswhichcorrespondtothedifferentmaterialsintheconstruction. Forexample, aU-valuecalculationforacavitywallwouldhavealayertorepresenteachof:

• theoutsidesurfaceresistance;

• theouterleafofbrickwork;

• thecavity;

• thecavityinsulation;

• theinnerleafofmasonry;

• theplasterfinish;

• theinternalsurfaceresistance.

Figure 6.1: Thenewlayerwillbeinserted above theselectedlayer

Youcanaddlayerstothecalculationbyinsertingmaterialsfromtheprogram’sextensivedatabase, which includes data for genericmaterials and cavities, aswell as brandedproductsfromanumberofmanufacturers. Formanycommonconstructionsitispossibletoinsertallthelayersfromthedatabase. Ifyoucannotfindamaterialinthedatabasethenyoucaninsertablanklayerandedittheinformationyourself.

Theprogramalwaysaddsanewlayerdirectly above thecurrentlyselectedlayer, soin Figure 6.1 thenewlayerwouldbeinsertedabovethepolyethyleneandbelowtheplywoodsheathing.

32

CHAPTER6. WORKING WITH LAYERS 33

Whenyoustartacalculationyoushouldselectthelowestlayer(whichwillbetheinsidesurfaceresistanceforwallsandroofs, andtheoutsidesurfaceresistanceforfloors)beforebeginningtoaddlayers. Becauselayersareofthisitisquickertoworkfromoutsidetoinsideforwallandroofcalculationsandfrominsidetooutsideforfloorcalculations.

6.1 InsertinglayersfromtheProductsdatabase

Figure 6.2: TheProductsDatabasewindow

TheProductsDatabasecontains awide rangeofmaterials andcavities foruse inU-valuecalculations. Bydefaultitcontainsarangeofmanufacturersproductsandgeneric,unbrandedmaterials. Youcanalsoaddotherproductswhichyouusefrequentlytothedatabase.


GenericcategoriesandmaterialsTheoriginalProductsDatabasesuppliedwith JPA Designerwascompiledsomeyearsago, sonotallthevaluesassociatedwithmaterialscanbetracedtoreliablesources. Toovercomethiswehaveaddedanewsetofgenericmaterialswhicharetakenfromacceptedsources, includingISO 10456, BR 443, CIBSE guideA andISO 6946. Thecategoriescontainingthesesourcedvaluesareshownbydefault. Ifyouwishtoseeandusetheoldercategoriesyoucantick Showdeprecated(old)categories.The twobuttons immediatelybelow theproducts list canbeused todownloadspreadsheetscontainingthesourcedataforthenewandoriginalgenericmaterials.

TheProductsdatabaseisaccessedusingthe ProductsDatabasewindow(Figure 6.2). Thewindowhasthreemainparts:

• The Categories box, whichisusedtoselectthetypeofmaterialyouwanttouse.Categoriesofbrandedmaterialsareshownin bold, categoriesofgenericmaterialsinnormaltext, usercategoriesin italics (see chapter 13 forinformationonaddingyourownmaterials)anddeprecatedgenericcategoriesinredtext.

• The Products box, whichyouusetoselectamaterialfromaparticularcategory.

• The Construction boxwhichshowstheorderoflayersintheconstruction.

ToinsertlayersusingtheProductsDatabase:

1. Inthelayerslistselecttheexistinglayerwhichwillbe below thenewlayer(seeFigure 6.1).

2. Onthe Insertmenuclick Layerfromdatabase (orclickthe Database buttononthetoolbar). The ProductsDatabase dialogueopens.

3. Usethescrollbaronthe Categories boxtofindthemanufacturerortypeofmaterialyouneed, thenclickonthatcategory. The Products boxshowsthematerialinthatcategory.

4. Clickonamaterialtoselectit, thenclick Addtoconstruction (alternativelyyoucandoubleclickonthematerialinthe Productsbox). The Thickness dialogueopens.

If thematerialhasaset thickness the layerwillbeaddedwithout the Thicknessdialogueopening.

5. Enterthethicknessofthelayerthenclick OK.The Construction boxnowshowsthenewlayer.

6. Youcannowaddmorelayersfromthedatabase, usingthe Construction boxtocontrolthepositionofthenewlayers.

7. Whenyouhavefinishedaddinglayersclick Close. Themain U-value windownowshowsthecalculationwiththenewlayersadded.


ProductdatabasehintsProductcategoriesaresortedwithbrandedmaterialsfirst, followedbygenericandusercategoriessortedinalphabeticalorder.IfyouarenotsurewhichcategoryaparticularmaterialbelongstoyoucanclickSearch tofindit.Youcanuse the Only showMydatabase box tomake the softwareonly showcategorieswhichyouhaveadded.

6.2 Insertingblanklayersinacalculation

WhenyouneedtouseamaterialwhichisnotintheProductsDatabaseyoushouldinsertablanklayertheneditittoinsertthecorrectdata.

Toinsertanewblanklayer:

1. Selecttheexistinglayerwhichwillbe below thenewlayer.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Insert>Blanklayer (alternativelyyoucanpress<Insert>).Thenewblanklayerisaddedtothecalculation above theexistinglayer.

3. Doubleclickonthelayertoopenitforediting.

6.3 Managinglayers

Onceyouhaveaddedlayerstoyourcalculationyouchangetheirorder, cut, copyandpastethem, ordeletethem.

• Movingalayer:

– Clickandholdtheright-handmousebuttononthelayernumberattheleft-handsideofthewindow.

– Dragthelayertoanewposition.

– Releasethemousebutton

• Cuttingalayer: removesalayerfromthecalculationbutkeepsitavailableontheclipboard.

– Clickonthelayertoselectit.

– Clickthe Cut buttononthetoolbar.

– The layer is deleted from the calculationbut remains on the clipboard forpasting.

• Copyingalayer: putsacopyofthelayerontheclipboard.


– Clickthe Copy buttononthetoolbar.


– Thelayerremainsinplacebutiscopiedtotheclipboard.

• Pastingalayer: placesthelayerontheclipboardintothecalculation.

– Clickonthelayerwhichyouwanttobe below thepastedlayer.

– Clickthe Paste buttononthetoolbar.

– Thelayerontheclipboardisplacedinthecalculation above theselectedlayer.

• Deletingalayer: removesalayerpermanentlyfromthecalculation.


– Click <Delete>.

7 Workingwithmaterials

Thepropertiesoflayersareenteredandeditedinthe EditMaterial dialogue, whichhasthreetabs:

• General –usedtosetthebasiccharacteristicsofthematerial(section 7.1).

• RepeatingThermalBridges –usedtosetthermalbridging(section 7.4).

• Correctionfactors –usedtosetcorrectionfactorsformechanicalfastenersandairgaps(chapter 8).

Toeditthepropertiesofalayer:

1. Clickonthelayertoselect.

2. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>Layer (alternatively, doubleclickthelayer, orpress<Enter>). The EditMaterial dialogueopens.

3. Amendthedataforthelayerandclick OK.

7.1 Generalcharacteristics

The General tab(Figure 7.1)containsthebasicdataaboutthelayer, including:

• Description: thenameofthematerialoradescription, whichappearsinthecal-culation.

• Code and Category : usedwiththedatabasetosortorentermaterials–butnotingeneraluse.

• Thickness: thecross-sectionalthicknessofthelayer, measuredinmm.

• Thermalconductivity: therateofconductionheattransferthrough1mofthema-terial, measuredin W/mK. Usuallyreferredtoasthelambdavalue.

• Thermalresistance: theresistancetoheattransferprovidedbythelayer, measuredin m2K/W.

• Vapourresistivity: therateoftransferofwatervapourthrough1mofthematerial,measuredin MNs/gm.

37

CHAPTER7. WORKING WITH MATERIALS 38

Figure 7.1: EditMaterialdialogue–theGeneraltab

• Vapourresistance: theresistancetowatervapourprovidedbythelayer, measuredin MNs/g.

Thefollowingtwovaluesareonlyrequiredfor κ-valuecalculations.

• Density: themasspercubicmetreofthematerial, measuredin kg/m3.

• Specificheatcapacity: theamountofenergyrequiredtoraisethetemperatureofonekilogramofthematerialbyoneKelvin(equivalentto1degreeCelcius). kJ/kg.

Thetabalsoincludesthedefinitionofthematerial Type (see section 7.2 and section 7.3).

Thetwo-directionalheat-flowsettingsarenotusedforcalculationsintheUK.

7.2 Typesofmaterial

Layerswithinbuildingelementshavedifferentcombinationsofthermalandhygrothermalproperties, whichhavetobeaddressinU-valueandcondensationriskcalculations. JPADesignerusefourtypesofsolidmaterialandthreetypesofcavity(see section 7.3). Inaddition, theprogramdistinguishesbetweenmaterialswhicharethermalinsulationandthosewhicharenot. Therestofthissectiondescribesthosetypesoflayerandcavity, andthedatarequiredforeachone.


Normal

Normalmaterialshavethesamecompositionallthewaythrough, sothethermalresis-tanceofanormallayeriscalculatedfromthematerial’sconductivityandthickness, andthevapourresistanceiscalculatedfromthethicknessandvapourresistivity. A normalmaterialrequiresthefollowinginformation:

• Type: select Normal.

• Description : typeadescriptionofthelayer–thiswillappearonthereport.

• Thickness: enterinmillimetres, mm.

• Thermalconductivity: enterin W/mK.

• Theprogramcalculatesthe Thermalresistance in m2K/W.

• Vapourresistivity: (onlyrequiredifyouwillbecarryingoutcondensationriskanal-ysis)enterin MNs/gm.

• Theprogramcalculatesthe Vapourresistance in MNs/g.

Compositematerials

Forcompositematerials, forexampleinsulation-backedplasterboard, thereisnodirectlinkbetweentheconductivity, thicknessandthermalresistance. Youmustthereforeusethethermalresistanceforthespecificconfigurationofthematerial(thiswillusuallybesuppliedbythemanufactureroftheproduct). Thesameprincipleappliestothevapourresistance.

A compositematerialrequiresthefollowinginformation:

• Type: select Composite.



• Thermalresistance: enterin m2K/W.

• Vapour resistance: (only required if youwillbecarryingout condensation riskanalysis)enterin MNs/g.

Fixedvapourresistancematerials

Somematerials–suchasglassandmetals–havevapourresistanceswhichareeffectivelyinfinite, eveniftheyareusedinverythinlayers. The fixedvapourresistancematerialtypeallowsthethermalperformanceofthesematerialstobehaveinthesamewayasnormalmaterials(changingaccordingtothethickness), butallowstheirvapourresistancestobesetasveryhighfixedvalues(typically 100 000MNs/g).

Asmaterialswithfixedvapourresistancesbehavethesamewayasnormalmaterialsinthermalcalculationsyouneedonlyuse the typeincondensationriskcalculations. Afixedvapourresistancematerialrequiresthefollowinginformation:


• Type: select Fixedvapourresistance.

• Description: typeadescriptionofthelayer–thiswillappearonthereport.


• Thermalconductivity: enterin W/mK.

• Theprogramcalculatesthe Thermalresistance in m2K/W.

• Vapourresistance: enterin MNs/g.

Membranes

Membranes, suchasvapourcontrollayersorvapouropenroofingunderlays, aretreatedashavingnothermalresistance. Theonlypropertytheyhaveistheirvapourresistance.Membranesrequirethefollowinginformation:

• Type: select Membrane.


• Vapourresistance: enterin MNs/g.

MembraneswithlowemissivitysurfacesMembraneshavenodirecteffectonthermalcalculations. However, amembranewhichhasoneortwolowemissivityfacesmayimprovethethermalperformanceofaconstructionbyincreasingtheresistancesofadjacentcavities; thatisaddressedinthecalculationbychangingtheresistanceofthecavities, notthemembrane.

Thermalinsulation

TheEuropeanproduct standards for factorymanufactured thermal insulation1 requirethethermalresistancevaluesoftheapplicableinsulantsberoundeddowntothenearest0.05m2K/W2. TocomplywiththatrequirementJPA Designerroundsdownthethermalresistanceofalllayerswhicharemarkedatthermalinsulation.

Tomarkalayerasthermalinsulationtickthe isthermalinsulation boxinthe Editmate-rial dialogue. Theoriginalvalueforthermalresistancewillappearinthe Editmaterialdialogue(e.g. 2.348m2K/W)whilethe U-value windowwillshowtheroundedvalue(e.g. 2.30m2K/W).

Bydefault, roundingis on: thisisindicatedbyredtextinthestatusbarofthe U-valuewindow. However, astheremaybeoccasionswhenyouneedtocarryoutcalculationswithoutrounding, thefeaturemaybeturnedoffandon:

1Theseries runs fromBS EN 13162:2001 Thermal insulationproducts forbuildings. Factorymademineralwool(MW) products. Specification toBS EN 13172:2001 Thermalinsulatingproducts. Evaluationofconformity. Thereisonestandardforeachmajorthermalinsulationmaterial

2Thestandardsstate: thevalueofthermalresistance, R90/90, shallbe…roundeddownwardstothenearest 0.05m2K/W, anddeclaredas RD inlevelswithstepsof 0.05m2K/W.


Figure 7.2: Controlsforroundingofthermalresistance

1. Onthe ProjectManager menubarselect Options.

2. Clickonthe Other tab.

3. (Figure 7.2).

4. Untick Rounddownthermalresistance toturnroundingoff.

7.3 Typesofcavity

JPA Designerrecognisesfivetypesofcavity:

• clearcavities: cavitieswithlimitedairexchangewithoutside, andnothermalbridg-ing.

• bridgedcavities: cavitieswith limitedair exchangewithoutsideandwhicharethermallybridged.

• wellventedcavities: cavitieswithsubstantialairexchangewithoutside.

• slightlyventedcavities: cavitieswithsomeairexchangewithoutside.

• ventedcavities: atypeofwell-ventedcavityoriginallyintendedforusewithcon-densationriskanalysis. Notwidelyused.

AlthoughthethermalresistanceofacavitycanbecalculatedinJPA Designer(see sec-tion 7.3)itisusuallyenteredasadefaultvalueappropriateforthedirectionofheatflowandthethicknessrange. TheProductDatabasecontainsstandardresistancevaluestakenfromBS EN ISO 6946.

Clearcavities

A clearcavityisanunventedcavitywhichhasopeningstooutsideoflessthan 500mm2/m.Forexample, acavityinacavitywallwillbeclassifiedasanunventedcavitybecausetheopeningsprovidedbytheweepholeswillbelessthan 500mm2/m limit.Clearcavitiesrequirethefollowinginformation.

• Type: select Clearcavity.




• Vapourresistance: cavitieshaveavapourresistanceof 0.00MNs/g.


Bridgedcavities

Bridgedcavities, suchasthoseinsometimberframedconstructions, aretreatedthesameasunventedclearcavities, butwithbridgingdetailsadded(section 7.4). Bridgedcavitiesrequirethefollowinginformation.

• Type: select Bridgedcavity.




• Vapourresistance: cavitieshaveavapourresistanceof 0.00MNs/g.

Youwillalsoneedtoenterthebridgingdetails(section 7.4).

Ifthewidthofthecavityislessthantentimesitsthicknessyoushouldusethe AirspaceResistanceCalculator todetermineitsthermalresistance(see section 7.3).

Wellventedcavities

A wellventedcavityhaslargeventilationopeningsbetweenthecavityandtheoutsideair, resultingintheconditionswithinthecavitybeingvirtuallythesameasoutside. Acavityisconsideredwellventedifithasventilationopeningsgreaterthan 1500mm2/m(BS EN ISO6946): typically, thecavitybehindrain-screencladdingwillbewellvented.

Whenwellventedcavityisincludedinacalculation:

1. Thethermalresistanceofthecavityissettozero.

2. Thethermalresistancesofalllayerstotheoutsideofthecavityarealsosettozero.

3. Theexternalsurfaceresistanceissettomatchtheinternalsurfaceresistance. Thisallowsfortheinnerfaceofthecavity(whichiseffectivelynowtheexternalfaceoftheconstruction)beingshelteringfromthewind3.

Wellventedcavitiesrequirethefollowinginformation:

• Type: select Wellventedcavity.



Figure 7.3: Enteringdataforaslightlyventedcavity

Slightlyventedcavities

A slightlyventedcavityhasopeningswhicharelargerthanthoseofanunventedcavitybutsmallerthanthoseofawellventedcavity(500–1500 mm2/m). Asitisnotpossi-bletocalculatethecavityresistancedirectly, JPA Designercalculatestheresistanceoftheconstructionwithanunventedcavityandalsowithawellventedcavitythencalcu-latesanaverageresistance, weightedaccordingtotheareaofopenings(theprocedureisdescribedinISO 6946:2007section5.3.3).

Slightlyventedcavitiesrequirethefollowinginformation:

• Type: select Slightlyventedcavity.

• Description: typeadescriptionofthelayer–thiswillappearonthereport.

• Slightlyventedcavityopeningarea mm2/m: thisistheareaofopeningsineachlinearmetreofthecavity(see Figure 7.3).

• Cavitydetails: ifthecavityhasoneormorelowemissivitysurfaces, orthewidthislessthantentimesthethicknessusethe Cavitydetails buttontoopenthe AirspaceResistanceCalculator (see section 7.3).

Ventedcavities

A ventedcavityisaspecialcavitytypeusedincondensationriskanalysis. Whenacavityisdefinedasaventedcavitythevapourresistancesofalllayerstotheoutsideofthecavityaresettozero. Thisisintendedtomodeltheeffectofventilationremovingmoisturefromthecavity(forfurtherinformationsee section 17.4)4. Ventedcavitiesrequirethefollowinginformation:

• Type: select Ventedcavity.




• Vapourresistance: cavitieshaveavapourresistanceof 0.00MNs/g.3Iftheinnerfaceofthecavityisalowemissivitysurfaceyouwillneedtoadjusttheresistancetotake

accountofthat.4ThemethodologywasdescribedinBS 5250:1989, butisnotincludedinlaterversionsofthestandard:

theventedcavitytypeisincludedmainlyforbackwardcompatibility.


Lowemissivitycavities

A cavitywithoneormorefaceslinedwithamaterialoflowsurfaceemissivitywillhavealowerrateofheattransferbyradiationthanacavitywithconventional, highemissivityfaces. Including such a ‘lowemissivity cavity’within a constructionwill reduce theoverallrateofheatlossthroughtheconstruction, insomecasesbyasmuchas10%.

Thereareseveraltypesofmaterialwithlowemissivitysurfaces:

• insulationboardswithreflectivesurfaces, suchpolyisocyanurateboards;

• plasticfilmswithaluminiumfoilfacing;

• membraneswithmetalisedfaces;

• ‘multi-foil’insulants.

Tobeeffective, eachlowemissivitysurfacemustfaceacavity, whichshouldusuallybeatleast25mmwide.

AlthoughtheU-valuecalculationmethodsimplementedinJPA Designercannotdirectlyassesstheeffectofreducingradiationheatloss, itispossibletoaccountfortheeffectofsuchmaterialsbyadjustingthethermalresistanceofacavitywhichhasalowemissivitymaterialtooneormorefaces.

Thethermalresistancevalueforalowemissivitycavitymustbeobtainedbyavalidtestmethod, whichconsidersonly theeffectof thematerialupon theoverall conductionheat losses throughanelement. Values shouldhave thirdpartycertification, suchasinBBA Agrémentcertificates. Ifyouarenotsuppliedwithcertifiedvalues, usethede-faultvalueforalowemissivitycavityof 0.44m2K/W forwalls, 0.34m2K/W forroofsand 0.50m2K/W forfloors(seeBR 443paragraph4.8.2). Ifyouknowtheemissivityofthefacingmaterialyoucanalsousethe AirspaceResistanceCalculator (section 7.3)tocalculatetheresistance.

Calculatingcavityresistances

Thedefaultresistancesforcavitiesarenotvalidforcavitieswithoneormorelowemissiv-itysurfaces, orthosewithawidthwhichislessthantentimesthethickness. Youshouldthereforeusethe AirspaceResistanceCalculator tocalculatethecorrectresistance.

Tocalculateanairspaceresistance:

1. Setthe Type oflayerto ClearCavity or BridgedCavity. The AirspaceResistanceCalculator buttonappearsbesidethethermalresistance(seesquare1in Figure 7.4).

2. Clickthebutton. The AirspaceResistanceCalculator isdisplayed(Figure 7.4).

3. Set:

• Airspacethickness, d, inmm. Thisismeasuredinthedirectionofheatflow.

• Airspacewidth, b, inmm. Thisisthewidthmeasuredatrightanglestotheheatflow. Forawidecavity, suchasthatinacavitywallenteravalueatleasttentimesgreaterthanthethickness.


Figure 7.4: TheAirspaceResistanceCalculator: 1showsthebuttonontheEditmaterialdialogue; 2showsthecalculatedresistance.

• Black-bodyradiativecoefficient, hr0, in W/m2K. Take thevalue from thetableontheright, forthemeantemperature. FortheUK ameantemperatureof10ºC isusuallyappropriate.

• The emissivities ofthetwosurfacesofthecavity. Mostmaterialshaveanemis-sivityaround0.90, but foil facingstoinsulation, andmetalisedmembraneshavemuchloweremissivities, typically0.03–0.05.

• Theheatflowdirection.

4. Theprogramnowdisplaystheresistancefortheairspace(seesquare2in Figure 7.4).

5. Click OK.Thecalculatedresistanceistransferredtothe Thermalresistance boxofthe EditMaterial dialogue.

Fortwo-directionalheatflowcavitiesyoushouldusethepairofresistancecalculatorsadjacenttotheheat-inandheat-outresistances.

7.4 Repeatingthermalbridges

Thermalbridgesareformedwherethematerialinalayerisinterruptedbyasecondma-terialwithdifferentthermalconductivity, forexample, insulationinatimberframedwallbeinginterrupted(bridged)bythetimberstuds. Inmostcasesthermalbridgingincreasesheat loss throughthebridgedlayer5. Theeffectof thermalbridgeswhichoccurregu-larlythroughoutalayer(repeatingthermalbridges)isincludedinU-valuecalculationsbyadded thedetailsof the thermalbridge toeachbridged layerusing the RepeatingThermalBridges tabofthe EditMaterial dialogue(Figure 7.5).JPA Designeroffersthreedifferentmethodsofenteringthermalbridging:

5Hencethecommonlyusedterm’coldbridge’. However, mortarinstonewallswillusuallyreducetherateofheatloss.


Figure 7.5: TheRepeatingThermalBridgestab

• Usingoneofthebuilt-indefaultstosetthebridgingfractionandmaterial6;

• Settingthebridgingfractionandbridgingmaterialdirectly;

• Enteringthebridgingdimensionsandmaterial.

Figure 7.6: Usingoneofthedefaultthermalbridgingconditions

Touseadefaultthermalbridge:

1. Setthe Bridgetype to 1dimensional.

2. FromtheThermalbridge Type listselectoneofthedefaultbridgingconditions(thesearedescribedin Figure 7.6).

3. Theprogramsets:6ForR-valuecalculationsthedefaultbridgingconditionsmaynotmatchstandardconstructionparam-

eters. Itmaywellbeeasiertosetbridgingusingthesecondofthethreemethods.


Table 7.1: Defaultbridgingfractions

Construction Material Conductivity Fraction

Mortarjoints, 440x215mmblocks, , externalleaf(BR 4434.2)

Mortar 0.94 0.067

Mortarjoints, 440x215mm, blocks, internalleaf(BR 4434.2)

Mortar 0.88 0.067

Steelstuds, 1.2mm, 600mmcentres Steel 50 0.002Steelstuds, 1.2mm, 400mmcentres Steel 50 0.003Timber-framedwall, prefabricatedpanels,defaultfraction(BR 4434.5.1)

Prefabpanels 0.12 0.150

Timber-framedwall, prefabricatedpanels,lowerfraction(BR 4434.5.1)

Prefabpanels 0.12 0.125

Site-formedtimber-framedwall, defaultfraction(BR 4434.5.1)

Softwood 0.13 0.150

Site-formedtimber-framedwall, lowerfraction(BR 4434.5.1)

Softwood 0.13 0.125

Ceiling, trussedrafters35mm, 600mmcc+1%othertimbers(BR 4434.6.1)

Softwood 0.13 0.068

Ceiling, 50mmjoists, 400mmcc+1%othertimbers(BR 4434.6.1)

Softwood 0.13 0.135

Ceiling, default: 48mm, 600mmcc+1%othertimbers(BR 4434.6.1)

Softwood 0.13 0.090

Timberfloor, default: 38mm, 400mmcc+1%othertimbers(BR 4434.6.2)

Softwood 0.13 0.110

Plasterboardbattens, 47mm, 600mmcc+rails(BR 4434.7.2)

Softwood 0.13 0.118

I-beamflanges, 38mmwide, defaultfraction(BR 4434.5.2)

Softwood 0.13 0.150

I-beamflanges, 38mmwide, lowerfraction(BR 4434.5.2)

Softwood 0.13 0.125

I-beamflanges, 48mmwide, defaultfraction(BR 4434.5.2)

Softwood 0.13 0.170

I-beamflanges, 48mmwide, lowerfraction(BR 4434.5.2)

Softwood 0.13 0.145

I-beamweb, 4to8mm(BR 4434.5.2) OSB 0.13 0.040


• Thebridgematerial;

• Thethermalconductivityofthebridge;

• Thefractionalareaofthebridge(referredtoinJPA Designerasthe Proportionbridged).

4. Checkthe BridgeThickness: bydefaultthisissetto Followsmaterialthickness, sothebridgewillhavethesamethicknessasthelayeritself. Youcansetthebridgethicknesstoadifferentvalueusingthe Fixedat box.

Tosetthebridgingmaterialandproportiondirectly:

Figure 7.7: Settingthebridgingproportiondirectly

1. Selectthebridging Material (whichsetsthethermalconductivityofthebridge).

2. Tickthebox Specifyproportion (Figure 7.7).

3. Enterthe Proportionbridged.

4. Checkthe BridgeThickness: bydefaultthisissetto Followsmaterialthickness, sothebridgewillhavethesamethicknessasthelayeritself. Youcansetthebridgethicknesstoadifferentvalueusingthe Fixedat box.

Figure 7.8: Enteringthermalbridgingusingdimensions

Toenterthermalbridgingdetailsusingdimensions:

1. Usethe Bridgetype radiobuttonstodeterminewhetherthebridgingis 1dimen-sional or 2dimensional:

• one-dimensionale.g. timbersrunninginonedirection; or,

• two-dimensionale.g. mortarjointswhichrunverticallyandvertically. Ifyouarenotsurewhetherthebridgingisoneortwodimensionalclickingthe Helpbuttonwillopenaguidancewindow: theannotationonthehelpdiagramsmatchthoseonthedataentryboxes.


2. Inthe Thermalbridge sectionofthedialogue(Figure 7.8)selectthebridgingma-terialfromthe Material drop-down. Theprogramsetsthe Bridgethermalconduc-tivity.

Ifyouareusinganunusualbridgingmaterialyoucanenteryourowndescription,thenentertheconductivitymanually.

3. Enterthe Bridgewidth inmm.

4. Enterthe Non-bridgewidth inmm.

5. Fortwo-dimensionalbridgingenterthe Non-bridgeheight inmm.

6. Setthebridgethicknessbyselecting Followsmaterialthickness, orselecting Fixedat thenenteringthicknessinmm.

Insomeconstructions–notablybuiltupmetalroofandwallcladding–therearetwosetsofthermalbridges. Toenterdetailsofasecondbridge:

1. Enterthedetailsforthefirstbridge.

Note: Youmustspecifythefirstbridgeusingdimensions. Thesecondbridgeoptionisnotavailableifyouhaveused Specifyproportion.

2. Clickthe Secondbridge box. The Optionalsecondbridge sectionisdisplayed.

3. Selectthebridgingmaterialfromthe Bridgedescription drop-down. Theprogramsetsthe Bridgethermalconductivity.

Ifyouareusinganunusualbridgingmaterialyoucanenteryourowndescription, thenentertheconductivitymanually.

1. Enterthe Bridgewidth inmm. Thesoftwareusesthe Non-bridgewidth forthefirstbridgetocalculatethe Proportionbridged.

Non-bridgewidth=centre-to-centredistance-(bridge1+bridge2).

2. Whenthebridgingmaterialisairyoucanusethe Smallairspaceresistance buttontocalculatethethermalresistanceofthebridge: enterthethicknessoftheairspaceanditswidth–bothinmm–thenclickOK.Theresistanceisdisplayedinthe Bridgethermalresistance box.

CavitythicknessandbridgingManyof thedefaultvalues forcavities in theProductsDatabaseare forcavitieswithoutasetthickness, forexample, awallcavitywithathicknessgreaterthan25mm. Wheresuchacavityisbeingbridgedyoumusteitherenterathicknessforthecavityonthe General tab(whichwillnotaffecttheresistance), oryoumustsettheBridgethickness usingthe Fixedat box. Withoutthose, theprogramisunabletocalculatethecorrectresistanceofthebridge.

8 Correctionfactorsandadjustments

Althoughtherateofheatlossthroughabuildingelementdependsonthethermalresis-tancesofthematerialsofwhichitiscomposedandtheextentofanythermalbridging,otherfeaturesoftheconstructionwillalsoaffectit. SuchfeaturesareaddressedintheU-valuecalculationbytheuseofcorrectionfactors: themostimportantonesaddress:

• Mechanicalfastenerswhichpenetrateinsulation, dUf (section 8.1);

• Airgapsininsulationlayers, dUg (section 8.2).

• Theeffectofrainwatercoolingoninvertedroofs, dUr (section 8.3);

• Bracketsandrailsinwallandsoffitcladdingsystems(section 8.4);

• Windpostsinmasonry(section 8.5);

• Lofthatchesinpitchedroofs(section 8.6).

• Insulationcompressioninbuiltupmetalroofingandcladding, dUp (section 9.2).

Thecorrectionfactorsarecalculatedseparatelyfromthermalresistancesofthelayers,thenaddedtotherawU-value. Howeverifthetotalvalueofthecorrectionfactorsislessthan3%oftherawU-valuetheyareignored. ThevaluesforcorrectionfactorsaredisplayedinthemainU-valuewindow, nexttothefinalU-value.

U-valuecalculations shouldalsobeadjusted for thebeneficial effectof anunheatedspace(suchasagarageorcorridor)tothecoldsideoftheconstruction(section 8.7).

8.1 Mechanicalfasteners

Wherealayerofthermalinsulationispenetratedbymetalfasteners, suchasscrewsandwall-ties, thereisadditionalheatlossthroughtheinsulationwhichmustbeallowedforusingthemechanicalfattenerscorrectionfactor, ∆Uf. Thecorrectionfactorisrequiredforcommonconstructionssuchas:

• Cavitywallswithpartialorfull-fillcavityinsulation.

• Warmpitchedroofswhereinsulationislaidovertheraftersandrestrainedbycoun-terbattensfixedbacktotherafters.

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CHAPTER8. CORRECTION FACTORS AND ADJUSTMENTS 51

• Warmflatroofswheretheinsulationand/orthewaterproofmembraneismechan-icallyfixedtothedeck.

Thereisnoneedtoapplyacorrection:

• toconstructionswithoutfasteners, e.g. solidmasonrywalls;

• forfastenerswithbothendsincontactwithmetalsheets;

• forwalltiesacrossanemptycavity;

• forwalltiesbetweenamasonryleafandtimberstuds;

• where the thermalconductivityof the fastener, orpartof it, is less than1W/mK(suchasplasticties).

Themechanicalfastenerscorrectioncanbeapplied:

• oncetoacalculation, usingtheU-valueConstruction dialogue(see Figure 8.1; Thismethodmustbeusedforlightsteelframeelements.

• toseverallayersintheconstruction, usingthe EditMaterial dialoguefortheaffectedlayers.

MultiplemechanicalfastenercorrectionsThereareseveraltypesofconstructionwhichcontaintwosetsofmechanicalfasten-ers. Oneofthemostcommonoccurswhenacavitywall, whichalreadyhassomethermalinsulationthecavity, isretrofittedwithexternalwallinsulation(EWI),whichisusuallymechanicallyfixed. MechanicalfastenerscorrectionsmustbeappliedtotheinsulationinthecavityandtotheEWI.

Figure 8.1: Dataentryboxesforthemechanicalfastenerscorrection

Themethodsofenteringdataaresimilarwhetherthecorrectionisappliedtooncetotheconstructionortoindividuallayers. Correctionscanbeappliedby:

• usingapointthermaltransmittancevalue;

• calculatingthecorrectionbasedonthefastenerdimensionandmaterials1.

Irrespectiveofthemethodbeingused, youshouldalwaysenterthemechanicalfastenerscorrection after youhaveenteredthelayersoftheconstruction.Thecalculatedcorrectionfactorisdisplayedonthestatusbarasthe dUf valueandisincludedontheU-valuereport.

1AllversionsofJPA Designerfrom4.04b1build025onwardusethemethodinBS EN ISO 6946:2007.ItispossibletousethemethodinBS EN ISO 6946:1997byuntickingtheMechanicalfasteners boxontheOther tabofthe Options dialogue, butthereislittlereasontodoso.


Correctingusingapointthermaltransmittance

Thepointthermaltransmittanceisameasureoftheadditionalheatlossresultingfromafixingorbracket. A valuequotedforaparticularfixingisvalidonlyforthatfixingandmaywellonlybevalidforaspecifiedthicknessofinsulation.

Figure 8.2: Enteringdetailsofthepointthermaltransmittance

Toapplyapointthermaltransmittanceonceinawholecalculation:

1. Openthe U-valueConstruction dialogueinthe General tab.

2. Selectthe Layerbridgedbymechanicalfasteners (Figure 8.2).

3. Inthe Mechanicalfasteners sectiontick Usepointthermaltransmittance.

4. Enterthenumberoffastenersper m2 in No. per m2.

5. Enterthe Pointthermaltransmittance.

Toapplyapointthermaltransmittancetoonelayer:

1. Openthe EditMaterial dialoguefortheinsulationlayer, thenselectthe Correctionfactors tab.

2. Inthe Mechanicalfasteners sectiontick Usepointthermaltransmittance.

3. Enterthenumberoffastenersper m2 in No. per m2.

4. Enterthe Pointthermaltransmittance.

Correctingusingfastenerdata

Inmostconstructionsthepointthermaltransmittanceofthefastenerisnotknown, sotheeffectoffastenersiscalculatedfromthedimensionsandperformanceofthefasteners(see Figure 8.1), using:

• thenumberoffastenerspersquaremetre, labelled No. per m2;

• thethermalconductivityofthefasteners, in W/mK, labelled Fastenerlambda (typ-icallythiswillbe 17W/mK forstainlesssteeland 50W/mK formildsteel);

• thealphaconstant, thisis0.8formostconstructions, but1.6forlightsteelframeconstructions: thevaluewillbeenteredautomaticallybythesoftware;

• thecross-sectionalareaofthefastener, inmillimetres, labelled Cross-section.


• forfixingswhichare recessedanddonotpenetrate thewholeof the insulationlayer, forexample, screwsfittedwithmushroomcaps, thedepthoftherecess, inmillimetres.

JPA Designerincludesanumberofstandardfastenerconfigurationswhichyoucanusetospeedupdataentry.

Toaddafastenercorrectiononcepercalculation:

1. Openthe U-valueConstruction dialogueatthe General tab.

2. Selectthe Layerbridgedbymechanicalfasteners.

3. Either:

• Enterthefastenerdata, asdescribedabove; or,

• Selectoneofthestandardconfigurationsfromthe Mechanicalfasteners box.

Toaddafastenercorrectiontoalayer:

1. Openthe EditMaterial dialogueforthelayeratthe Correctionfactors tab.

2. Either:

• Enterthefastenerdata, asdescribedabove; or,

• Selectoneofthestandardconfigurationsfromthe Mechanicalfasteners box.

Savingfastenerconfigurations

IfyoufrequentlyuseaconfigurationoffastenerswhichisnotintheMechanicalfastenerslistyoucanaddyourconfigurationtothelist, makingiteasytoaccessit.

Figure 8.3: Naminganewmechanicalfastenersconfiguration

Tocreateanewconfiguration:

1. Openthe EditMaterial dialogue Correctionfactors tab, orthe U-valueConstruc-tion dialogue General tab.


Figure 8.4: Defininganewdefaultconfigurationformechanicalfasteners

2. Clickthe New buttonwhichisnexttothe Mechanicalfasteners list..

3. IntheNewMechanicalFastenerCorrection dialogueenteradescriptionofthecon-figuration(Figure 8.3). Thisisthedescriptionwhichwillappearinthe Mechanicalfasteners list.

4. Inthe Correctionformechanicalfasteners dialogue(Figure 8.4)enter:

• Fastenerspersquaremetre.

• Any recess figure.

• Fastenerlambda –thethermalconductivityofthefastener.

• The Fastenercross-sectionalarea.

• Alpha shouldbe0.8, exceptforcoldorhybridlightsteelframedconstructionswhenitshouldbe1.6.

5. Ifyouareusingapointthermaltransmittance, ticktheboxthenenterthe transmit-tance andnumberof fastenerspersquaremetre.

Youcanalsoeditanexistingconfiguration:

1.Selectanentryinthe Mechanicalfasteners list.

1. Click Edit.

2. Inthe Correctionformechanicalfasteners dialogueeditthevaluestomatchyourrequirements.

8.2 Airgapcorrection

Airmovement throughandaroundan insulation layerwill reduce its thermalperfor-mance. TheeffectofthatreductionisincludedintheU-valuecalculationbyacorrectionfactor, dUg, whichisderivedfromtherelativethermalresistancesoftheinsulationlayerandtheconstructionasawhole, andfromacoefficient dU”,whichrepresentsthesizeofgapsintheinsulationlayer. Valuesfor dU” are:

• Wherenoairgapspenetratetheinsulationlayerandnoaircirculationispossibleonitswarmside, dU” = 0.00W/m2K.


• Wheresomeairgapspenetratetheinsulationlayerandnoaircirculationispossibleonitswarmside, dU” = 0.01W/m2K.

• Wheresomeairgapspenetratetheinsulationlayerandsomeaircirculationispos-sibleonitswarmside, dU” = 0.04W/m2K.

A valuefor dU” mustbesetfor every insulationlayer. BydefaultJPA Designersets dU“tozero.

Figure 8.5: Correctingforairgapsininsulationlayers

Tocorrectforairgaps:

1. Inthe Editmaterial dialogueselectthe Correctionfactors tab.

2. Selectthe Level (andassociatedvaluefor dU”) inthe dU” box(see Figure 8.5).

ClicktheHelp buttontoviewthestandardvaluesfordU”.Inmanycasesthedefaultvalueofzeroisappropriate.

8.3 Rainwatercooling

Invertedroofs–orprotectedmembraneroofs–havesomeorallofthethermalinsulationinstalledover thetopof thewaterproofmembranewhereit isrestrainedbyaggregateorotherballast. Rainwater fallingoninvertedroofscanpercolatebetweeninsulationboardstothewaterproofingmembrane, whereitwillincreasetherateofheatloss. ThereductioninperformanceisrepresentedwithinaU-valuecalculationbytherainwatercoolingcorrectionfactor, dUr, whichiscalculatedfrom:

• Theaveragerateofrainfallduringtheheatingseason, p (mm/day);

• A drainagefactor, f, whichrepresentsthefractionof p whichreachesthewater-proofingmembrane;

• A factorforincreasedheatlosscausedbyrainwaterflowingonthemembrane, x(Wday/m2Kmm).

InJPA Designerthedataisenteredusingthe U-valueConstruction dialogue Figure 8.6).Asyouhavetoindicatewhichlayerisaffectedbytherainwatercoolingitisbesttoaddthecorrectionfactor after youhavedefinedthelayersintheconstruction.

Toenterrainwatercoolingdata:

1. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>ConstructionType.

2. Inthe Elementtype sectionselect Flatroof.


Figure 8.6: Settingtherainwatercoolingcorrectionforaninvertedroof

3. Tickthe Invertedroof box.

4. Inthe Externalinsulationlayers boxtickthelayer(s) isaffectedbytherainwatercooling.

WherealowU-valueisrequiredtheremaybemorethanoneinsulationlayeraffected.

1. Entervaluesfor f.x and p. Click OK.

Ifyoudonothaveproject-specificvaluesyoucanusethedefaultvaluesforf.xandp.

8.4 Claddingbracketsandrails

WhencalculatingU-valuesforwallswhichincluderainscreencladdingtheresultshavetobeadjustedtoaccountfortheeffectoffixingbracketsorrailswhichsupportthecladdingandalsopenetratetheinsulation. Thesamemethodcanalsobeusedforsoffitfixingsonexposedfloors.

JPA DesignerusesthemethodsinBR 443section4.9.5tocorrectfortheeffectofoneormoresetsoffixingrailsandbrackets.

Forrailssystems, thecalculationrequires:

• thelinearthermaltransmittanceoftherail, \(\psi\, psi);

• theareaofthewall, A;

• thetotallengthofbracket, L.

Forbracketsystems, thecalculationrequires:

• thepointthermaltransmittanceofthebracket, \(\chi\, chi);

• thenumberofbracketspersquaremetre, n.

Thevaluesfor ψ and χ dependonthetypeoffixingandshouldbeobtainedfromthefixingmanufacturer.

Thedataisenteredinthe U-valueConstruction dialogue.

Tocorrectforrailsandbracketsinrainscreencladding:


Figure 8.7: Dataforrainscreencladdingcorrection

1. Setthe Elementtype to Wall or Floorotherthangroundfloor.

2. Tickthe bracketsystems box.

3. Forthefirstfixingsystemusethedropdowntospecifywhetheritisa Rail or Bracketsystem.

4. Enter a Description of the system. Thiswill usually include themanufacturer’sreference.

5. Enterdetailsofthesystem, either:

• Bracketsystem: pointthermaltransmittancevalue, χ andnumberoffixingspersquaremetre; or

• Railsystem: linearthermaltransmittancevalue, ψ, wallareaandtotallengthofrail.

6. Ifthereisasecondsystem, repeatsteps2–4.

8.5 Windposts

Inwallswheremasonryisrestrainedbyverticalwindpostsorsupportedonhorizontalbracketsthepostsandbracketscanpenetratethermalinsulation, reducingitseffective-ness. WherethatoccurstheU-valuecalculationmustbecorrectedforthepresenceofthepostsorbrackets.

Figure 8.8: Settingthewindpostcorrection

Thecorrectionisenteredinthe U-valueconstructiondialogue:

1. Set ElementType to Wall.

2. Tick Windpostspenetrateaninsulationlayer (see Figure 8.8).

3. Enterthelength, L,ofthepostsorbracketsinmetres.

4. Enterthearea, A,ofthewallinsquaremetres.

5. Enterthelinearthermaltransmittance, ψ, inW/mK.


8.6 Lofthatches

Thepresenceofalofthatchinapitchedroofwithinsulationatceilinglevelwillreducethethermalperformanceoftheroof. Theextentofthereductiondependsontheareaof theroofhatchrelativetotheroofandtheinsulation(ifany)onthehatch. BR 443section4.9.7includesanapproximatemethodforcorrectingforlofthatchesbasedonthethicknessofinsulationonthehatch. InJPA DesignerthecorrectionisenteredintheU-valueconstruction dialogue(see Figure 8.9).

Figure 8.9: Correctingforlofthatches

Tosetthelofthatchcorrection:

1. Setthe ElementType toeither:

• Pitchroof, horizontalceiling(legacy); or

• BR443Pitchedroof-insulationatceilinglevel.

2. Inthe Lofthatchinsulation listselecttheclosestmatchingvalue.

8.7 Elementsseparatingheatedandunheatedspaces

Therateofheatlossthroughanelementwhichseparatesaheatedspacefromanunheatedspacewillbelowerthanthatthroughanidenticalelementwhichseparatesaheatedspacefromoutside, astherelativelywarmairwithinanunheatedspaceactsasathermalbuffer.

ThecombinedmethodforcalculatingU-valuesallowsforthiseffectbyassigningather-malresistancetotheunheatedspace. Theresistanceisbasedon:

• thesurfaceareasoftheelementswhichseparatetheheatedspacefromtheunheatedspace, Ai, measuredin m2;

• thesurfaceareasandU-valuesoftheelementswhichseparatetheunheatedspacefromoutside, Ae, measuredin m2and Ue, measuredin W/m2K;

• Thevolumeoftheunheatedspace, V,measuredin m3;

• Theventilationrate, n, measuredinairchangesperhour(ach).


Figure 8.10: Dataentryforelementsseparatingheatedandunheatedspaces

Whenmeasuring Ai and Ae, youshouldincludewallsandintermediatefloors(suchasthatoveranintegralgarage)butexcludegroundfloors.

Toallowforunheatedspaces:

1. Inthe U-valueConstruction dialogueclickthe UnheatedSpaces tab(Figure 8.10).

2. Enter:

• Thearea, Ai ;

• Theventilationrate, n; Useaventilationrateof3achiftheactualachisnotknown.

• Thevolumeoftheunheatedspace, V.

3. Foreachoftheelementsseparatingtheunheatedspacefromoutsideenter:

• Thearea, Ae,k;

• TheU-value, Ue,k.

Ue,kcanbecalculatedinaseparatecalculationinJPA Designer. Useavalueof2W/m2K ifthedetailsoftheelementisnotknown.

Usingthepre–2007method

The1997editionofBS EN ISO 6946includedadifferentmethodtocalculatetheresis-tanceofanunheatedspace. ItispossibletousetheoldermethodinJPA Designer:

1. Inthe EditConstruction dialogueselectthe Unheatedspaces tab.

2. Tick UseBS 6946pre–2007method.


3. Inthe Ai boxenterthetotalareaofallelementsseparatingtheinternalenvironmentfromtheunheatedspace.

4. Inthe AeforBS 6946Pre2007method boxenterthetotalareaofallelementsseparatingtheunheatedspacefromoutside.

9 Advancedcalculations

9.1 Lightsteelframedstructure

Thehighthermalconductivityofsteelmeansthecombinedmethodmustbemodifiedforelementswheresomeoralloftheinsulationisbridgedbylightsteelframing. JPADesignerusesthemodifiedcalculationmethodwhichwaspublishedinBRE Digest465.U-valuesforlightsteel-frameconstruction.

Therearethreedifferentformsoflightsteel-framedstructures:

• Warm frameconstructions: alltheinsulationisoutsidethesteelframing.

• Hybrid constructions: some insulation is fittedbetween the steel studs andad-ditionalinsulationplacedontheoutsideofthestudstoreducethermalbridgingthroughthesteel.

• Cold frameconstructions: alloftheinsulationisincludedwithinthethicknessofthesteelcomponentsandisbridgedbyit.

Figure 9.1: Settingthetypeanddetailsoflightsteelframeconstruction

TheprocedureforcalculatingtheU-valueofalightsteel-framedelementusingJPA De-signeristhesameasforanyotherelement, butwiththefollowingmodifications:

1. Identifytheelementaslightsteel-framedandentertheframingdetails(Figure 9.1).

• Inthe UvalueConstruction dialogueusethe lightsteel-frame radiobuttonstodefineisas warm or cold/hybrid.

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CHAPTER9. ADVANCED CALCULATIONS 62

• For a Cold or Hybrid construction enter the stud spacing, studdepth andflangewidth. Usetheoffereddefaultvaluesifyoudonotknowthestuddepthandspacing.

2. Enterthelayersoftheconstructioninthemain Uvalue window.

• For cold and hybrid elementssomeofthelayerswillbebridgedbysteel: seesection 7.4 forguidanceonenteringbridgedlayers. Anyairspacebehindtheinsulationandbetweenthestudsshouldbeenteredasabridgedcavity. (Donotincludetheflangesofthesteelstudswhenenteringbridgingdetails.)

• In warm elements the air spacebetween the studs shouldbe entered as abridgedcavity, withsteelasthebridgingmaterial.

3. Entercorrectionsforanymechanicalfastenerswhichpenetratetheinsulationbycompleting the Correctionformechanical fasteners section in the UvalueCon-struction dialogue(section 8.1).

Usethefirstdropboxtoindicatewhichlayerisbridgedbythemechanicalfasteners,thenenterthefasteners’dimensionsandspacing. The alphacoefficient is0.8forwarmconstructionsand1.6forcold/hybridconstructions.

9.2 Twinskinmetalcladdingandroofing

Figure 9.2: Built-upmetalwallorroofcladding

Theadditionalheatlossresultingfromthermalbridgingintwin-skinmetalroofingandcladdingsystemsformedwithrailsandbracketsrequiresamodificationtothestandardcombinedmethod. JPA DesignerusesthemethoddescribedintheSteelConstructionInstituteresearchpaperSCI P312, whichtakesaccountof:

• Thebridgingeffectsoftherailandtheairspacesaroundtherail.

• Thepointbridgingproducedbythebrackets.

• Thecompressionof the insulationbya shallow-profiled liner (profiledepth lessthan25mm).

TocalculateU-valuesfortwin-skinmetalroofingorcladding:


1. CreateandopenanewU-valuecalculation.

2. Enteranyprojectinformation.

3. Inthe U-valueConstruction dialogueselecteither wall or flatroof. DonotticktheBuiltupmetalroof/wall boxatthisstage. Click OK.

4. EnterthelayersintheconstructioninthemainU-valuewindow. Entertheinsulationin twolayers: theuppermostlayerbeingtheinsulationwhichisbridgedbytherailsandtheunderneaththatwhichispenetratedonlybythebrackets.

Forexample, a170mmlayerofinsulationinaconstructionwith40mmdeeprailsshouldbedividedintoonelayer40mmthickandonelayer130mmthick. Youwillfindlaterpartsofthecalculationeasierifyougivethetwolayersdistinctivenames.

5. Enterthebridgingdetailsforthelayerofinsulationbridgedbytherails(section 7.4fordetails). Inthe EditMaterials dialogueselect onedimensionalbridging toshowthethermalbridgingdetails. Enterthedetailsoftherails: bridgematerial–steelstuds, bridgewidth, non-bridgewidth. Thesoftwaresetsthebridgethermalcon-ductivity. Theprogramwillshowtheproportionbridgedandthethermalresistanceofthebridge.

For‘L’ shapedsectionsthe bridgewidth willusuallybethethicknessofthesteel,butfor‘C’ and‘U’ sections, wheretherailpenetratestheinsulationlayertwice, usedoublethethicknessofthesteelasthebridgewidth.

6. Enterthebridgedetailsfortheairspacescausedbytherail. Tickthe Secondbridgebox. The Optionalsecondbridge sectionisdisplayed.

7. Enterthe bridgematerial (air)and bridgewidth (inmm): usetwicetherailwidthtoallowforthecompressionoftheinsulationaroundtherails.

Theprogramcalculatestheproportionbridgedusingthedatafromthefirstbridge,sothenon-bridgedwidth=(Centre-to-centredistanceofrails)-(bridgethickness1+bridgethickness2).

8. Tocalculatethethermalresistanceoftheairspaceclickthe Smallairspaceresis-tance button. The AirspaceResistanceCalculator dialogueopens(see Figure 7.4).

9. Enterthe thickness and width oftheairspace. Thethicknesswillbethesameastheraildepth. Thewidthshouldbetwicetherailthickness. Leavetheemissivityvaluesat0.9.

10. Entertheairgapcorrection, dU”,for both insulationlayers(section 8.2): usethevalue0.01. Click OK.

11. Fromthemenubarselect Edit>ConstructionType.

12. Inthe U-valueConstruction dialoguetick Builtupmetalroof/wall.

13. In the Built-upmetalroof/wallcladding sectionenter the Railspacing and Railwidth (Figure 9.2). Usethedrop-downtoselectthe Layerbridgedbyrail.

14. Ifthelinerprofilecompressestheinsulationandthedepthoftheprofileis25mmorlesstickthebox Insulationiscompressedbyinneroroutersheet. Fournewdataboxesappear.


15. Enterthe Sheetprofilewidth, Sheetprofiledepth and Sheetprofilecentres inmm.Inthedropboxselectthelayerofinsulationwhichis not bridgedbytherails.

If the liner profile is deeper than25mm ignore the checkbox and change thethicknessoftheinsulationlayerbysubtractingtheprofiledepthfromtheoriginalthickness(e.g. fora30mmprofilewith130mmactualdepthofinsulationuseavalueof100mm).

16. Enterthedetailsforthebracketsinthe Correctionformechanicalfasteners section.Enter:

• The thermalconductivityofthebrackets (usually 50.00W/mK formildsteel);

• The numberofbracketspersquaremetre (calculatedbydividing the totalnumberofbracketsbythetotalelementarea)

• The crosssectionalareaofthebrackets (measuredatthethickestpoint).

• Thevalueof alpha, 1.6, isthedefaultsettingfortheseconstructions.

17. Selectthe Layerbridgedbybrackets.

9.3 Invertedroofs

Ininvertedroofs(oftenknownasprotectedmembraneroofs)someorallofthethermalinsulationisappliedabovethewaterproofmembraneandrestrainedbyaggregateorotherballast. Rainwaterfallingontheroofcanpercolatetothewaterproofingmembraneandincreasetherateofheatloss. Toallowforthatarainwatercoolingcorrectionfactor, dUr,hastobeappliedtoinvertedroofcalculations(therainwatercoolingfactorisdescribedin section 8.3).Asthecorrectionfactorrequiresyoutoselectthelayersaffectedbyrainwatercoolingitisbesttoaddthecorrectionfactor after youhavedefinedthelayersintheconstruction.

Figure 9.3: Inputtingdataforrainwatercorrection

Toenteraninvertedroof:

1. Fromthefilemenuselect Edit>Constructiontype. The U-valueConstruction dia-logueopens.

2. In Elementtype select Flatroof. Insertan Elementdescription thenclick OK.

3. Addthelayersoftheconstruction(chapter 6).

4. Openthe U-valueconstruction dialogueagainandin ElementType tickthe In-verted box. Thedialogueshowsthreedataboxes(Figure 9.3).

5. Enterthevaluesfor f.x and p andintheboxselectthelayersofinsulationabovethewaterproofmembrane. Click OK.


9.4 Usingvariablelayers

ThevariablelayerfeatureofJPA Designerhelpsyoucomparetheperformanceofdifferentmaterialsinaconstruction, orofdifferentthicknessesofthesamematerial.

Figure 9.4: U-valuecalculationwithavariablelayer

A calculationwithavariablelayerhasaplace-holderlayerinthemainwindow(item1in Figure 9.4, andhastheadditional Variablelayer panewhichacceptsanumberofdifferentlayers(item2). EachofthoselayersshowstheresultsoftheU-valuecalculationasif thatlayerreplacedtheplace-holderlayerinthemaincalculation(item3).

Touseavariablelayer:

1. InthemainU-valuewindowclickthelayer below thepositionforthevariablelayer.

2. Onthe Insertmenuclick Variablelayer. Theprograminsertsavariablelayerinthecalculationanddisplaysthe Variablelayer pane(see Figure 9.4).

3. Selecttheblanklayerinthe Variablelayer paneandaddlayersfromthedatabase,orbyaddandeditblanklayers. TheU-valuesfortheconstructionswiththevariablelayerareshownalongsidethevariablelayermaterials: noU-valueappearsinthestatusbar.

Whenusingthedatabase, youmustbeensurethecontentsofvariablelayerpaneareshowinginthe Construction boxofthe ProductsDatabase dialogue.

Onceyouhave identifiedaconfigurationwhichgives the result you requireyoucanconvertthevariablelayercalculationintoastandardU-valuecalculation:

1. Clickthelayerinthe variablelayer panewhichyouwanttouseinthestandardcalculation.

2. Onthe Edit menuclick Moveselectedvariablelayerintoconstruction.

3. Thevariablelayerisdeletedandtheselectedlayerisinsertedasastandardlayer.


Figure 9.5: TheTaperedAreasdialogue

9.5 Taperedlayers

Taperedinsulationlayersarecommonlyfoundonflatroofs, tocreatedrainagefallsonanotherwiseflatdeck. BecausethethicknessoftheinsulationvariesacrosstherooftheaverageU-valueoftheroofhastobecalculatedusingthemethodinAnnexC ofBS ENISO 6946:2007.1.

Themethodrequirestherooftobedividedintoaseriesofblocks, whichwillbeof:

• rectangularplan, withtheirgreatestthicknessononeside, andleastattheotherother;

• triangularplanwhichhavetheirthickestpartattheonecornerandslopedowntotheothercorners;

• triangularplanwhichhavetheirthickestpartalongoneside, andslopedowntotheothercorner.

Eachblockinthecalculationhasaminimumthicknessof insulation, d0, andataperheight, t. Dependingonitssizearoofmayhaveseveralblocksofeachtype, eachwithdifferentareasand, insomecases, differentminimumthicknesses.

InJPA Designerataperedlayercalculationisenteredintwoparts;1NotethatsimplycalculatingtheU-valuebasedontheaveragethicknessofinsulationwillsubstantially

over-estimatethethermalperformanceoftheroof.


• alllayersexceptthetaperareaddedtothecalculation;

• theindividualblocksofthetaperedlayeraredefinedinthe TaperedAreas dialogue(Figure 9.5).

The TaperedAreas dialoguerequiresthreeitemsofgeneralinformation:

• a description ofthelayer: youcanusethenameortypeofinsulation.

• the minimumtaperedlayerthickness: thatis, theminimumdepthoftheinsulationlayerwhichiscontinuousacrossallpartsoftheroof, measuredinmm.

• theconductivityoftheinsulation, lambda: thisisenteredin W/mK.

Thedataonthedifferentroofblocksisenteredinthethreetables, witheachblockhavingitsownentry, intheappropriatesection, withthefollowingdata:

• anoptional Description whichisusefulforidentifyingsectionsoftheroof;

• thetaperdepth, t, inmm.

• theareaoftheblock, in m2;

Ifablockhasadifferentminimumdepthcomparedtotherestoftheroof, orhasinsulationwithadifferentthermalconductivityyoucaninsertadifferentvaluefor d0 and lambda.

Figure 9.6 showsaroofwithtaperedinsulationlaidwithfallstowardstheperimeter. TocalculatetheU-valuethetaperedlayershouldbedividedintoeightblocks, withtwo(aande)beingrectanglesslopingfromthecentrelinetotheperimeterandtheremainderbeing triangles, ineachcasesloping fromthehighestcornerat thecentre line to thelowestsideattheperimeter(b, c, d, f, gandh).

ToenterataperedlayerinanexistingU-valuecalculation:

1. Dividetheroofintoblocksandcalculatetheminimumthickness, blockareasandtaperthicknesses.

2. Onthe Insert menuclick Taperedlayer.

3. Enterthedatafortheminimumthicknessandtheconductivityoftheinsulation.

4. Enterthedataforeachblockinturn, makingsureeachblockgoesintotheappro-priatetable.

Youcanusethe Totalarea figureatthebottomrightofthedialoguetocheckyouhaveenteredallthesectionsoftheroof.


Figure 9.6: A typicalroofwithtaperedinsulation

10 GroundfloorU-values

ThestandardmethodofcalculatingU-valueshastobemodifiedforgroundfloorsandbasementstotakeaccountofthethermalresistanceofthegroundusingthemethodissetoutinISO 133701. ThissectiondescribesthegeneralprocedureforcalculatingthegroundfloorU-value, whilstthefollowingsectionsdescribetheindividualpartsofthecalculation.

TocalculateagroundfloorU-value:

1. CreateanewU-valuecalculationinthe ProjectManager windowandopenitforediting(section 3.7).

2. Enteranyprojectinformationinthe ProjectInformation dialogue.

3. IntheU-valueConstructiondialogueselect Solidgroundfloor or Suspendedgroundfloor, enteradescriptionfor theconstruction, thenclick OK.The GroundFloorDetails dialogueopens.

4. Enterthedatafortheground(section 10.1). Click OK.

5. Addtheremaininglayersofthefloorconstruction.

Includelayerstorepresent:

• Screed;

• Insulation;

• Flooring, suchasparticleboard.

Omit:

• Hardcorebeneathagroundbearingslab.

• Groundbearingconcreteslabswithdensitygreaterthan 1800 kg/m3.

• Thinfloorcoveringssuchasvinylorcarpet.

ForfurtherguidancerefertotheBR 443 ConventionsforU-valuecalculations.

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CHAPTER10. GROUND FLOOR U-VALUES 70

Figure 10.1: TheGroundFloorDetailsDialogue

10.1 Groundfloordetails

The GroundFloorDetails dialoguecontainsthedatawhichdescribesthegroundandthefloorstructure(Figure 10.1)andhasfivesections:

• Floortype (section 10.1–1). Thechoiceoffloortypewilldeterminehowotherpartsofthedialogueappear.

• Floordimensions (section 10.1–2). Thesizeofthefloor.

• Deck (section 10.1–3). Theconstructionofasuspendedfloordeck.

• Suspendedgroundfloordetails (section 10.1–4). Additionalinformationforsus-pendedfloors.

• Edgeinsulation (section 10.1–5). Detailsofanyseparateperimeterinsulation.

Floortype

JPA Designerrecognisesthreetypesofgroundfloor:

• Solid: afloorwhichbearsdirectlyonthegroundwithnovoidbetweenthefloorstructureandtheground, forexample, aground-bearingconcreteslab;

1Donotuse thismethodtocalculateU-valuesoffloorsoveropenorunheatedspacessuchascarparksorgarages; insteadselect floorsotherthangroundfloors inthe Construction dialogueandproceedasusual.


• Suspendedblockandbeam: withavoidbetweenthefloordeckandtheground,withthedeckformedfrompre-castconcretebeamsinfilledwithconcreteblocksorproprietaryinsulatingunits;

• Suspended: afloorwithavoidbetweenthefloorstructureandtheground, withatimberdecksupportedontimberjoists.

Ifyouhaveselected solidgroundfloor inthe U-valueConstruction dialoguethe FloorType buttonswillbegreyedout. Ifyouhaveselected suspendedgroundfloor youwillbeabletochosebetween Suspendedblockandbeam and Suspended.

Floordimensions

Thethermalresistanceofthegroundforaparticularfloorisaffectedbytheratioofitsperimeterandarea. Theperimeterlength(expressedinmetres)ismeasuredalongthefinishedinternalsurfacesofexposedandsemi-exposedwalls. Thearea (expressedinsquaremetres, m2)ismeasuredbetweenthefinishedinternalwallsurfaces. Unheatedspacesoutsidetheinsulatedfabricshouldbeexcludedwhencalculatingtheperimeterandarea.

ToentertheFloordimensions:

• IfyouhavecalculatedthePerimeter/Arearatioyoucanenteritdirectlyinthe P/Abox.

• Alternatively, tickthe Calculateit boxandenterthe Perimeter and Area dimen-sions.

Deck

ThedatarequiredforthissectiondependsuponthetypeofconstructionspecifiedintheFloorType section:

• Solidfloor: nodeckdatarequired.

• Suspendedblockandbeamfloor(Figure 10.2): theprogramcalculatestheresis-tanceusingthefollowingdata:

– Theblock Width, Thickness and Conductivity.

– Thebeam Webwidth and Beamconductivity.

– The Screeddepth and Screedconductivity.

Youcansetthedefaultthermalconductivityofthescreedinabeamandblockfloorconstructiononthe Other tabofthe Options dialoguein ProjectManager.

• Suspendedfloor: youcanenteraresistanceforthedeck, orselectamaterialfromthedatabase(Figure 10.3)byclickingthedatabasebutton(theprocedureforselect-ingthematerialisthesameasdescribedin section 6.1. Thedeckinasuspendedfloorwill typicallybe timberboardsorparticleboard: insulationbetween joistsshouldbeenteredasaseparatelayer, bridgedbytimber(section 7.4).


Figure 10.2: Definingabeamandblockdeck

Figure 10.3: Setthedeckresistanceforasuspendedfloor

Figure 10.4: Enteringthedetailsforasuspendedgroundfloor


Suspendedgroundfloordetails

Inasuspendedgroundfloorheatwillbelostthroughthefloordeckandground; itwillalsobelostthroughthewallsofthesub-floorvoidandasaresultofventilationofthatvoid. JPA Designercalculatesthoselatterheatlossesusingthedatain SuspendedGroundFloorDetails section(Figure 10.4). Thevaluesrequiredare:

• E -theareaofventilationopeningsinthewallsofthesub-floorvoid, measuredinsquaremetrespermetre(m2/m).

• h -theheightoftheuppersurfaceoftheflooraboveexternalgroundlevel, inmetres.Thedefaultvalueof0.225mrepresentsthreecoursesofbrickwork

• w thethicknessofthewallsatthefloorperimeterinmetres.

• Uw -theU-valueofthewallsofthesub-floorvoid, calculatedaccordingtoBS ENISO 6946, in W/m2K. ThisvaluecanbeobtainedfromaseparatecalculationinJPA Designer.

• fw -thewindshieldfactor, see Table 10.1. Thisconvertstheaveragewindspeed,V,intothewindspeedatgroundlevel.

• Lambda - theconductivityof thetypeofground: use 1.5W/mK forclayorsilt,2.0W/mK forsandorgraveland 3.5W/mK forhomogeneousrock.

• V -theaveragewindspeedat 10m abovegroundlevel, in m/s. (BR 443recom-mendsadefaultvalueof 5m/s fortheUK.)

Wheresomeorallofthesedetailsareunknownyoushouldusethedefaultvalues. Ifyoueditthevaluesthenwantreverttousingthedefaultsclickthe Default button.

Thesurfaceresistancesoftheundersideofthesuspendeddeckandofthegroundsurfaceofthesub-floorvoidareincludedinthecalculation. TheseareenteredinDeckundersidesurface resistance and Subfloorground surface resistance. Inmost casesavalueof0.17m2K/W issuitable, however, iftheundersideofthedeckhasalowemissivitysurface(forexamplethefoilfacingofaninsulationboard), thenahigherresistancemaybeused.

Theresistanceofanythermalinsulationonthegroundsurfaceofthesub-floorvoid, Rg,shouldbeenteredat Resistanceofinsulationonground (Thisinsulationshould not beenteredasanormallayerinthecalculation.)

DetailsforsolidgroundfloorsTheU-valuecalculationforsolidgroundfloorsrequiresthreepiecesofdatafromthe Suspendedgroundfloordetails section: theheightofthefloorsurfaceabovetheground(h), thewidthofthewalls(w)andtheconductivityoftheground(Lambda).


Table 10.1: Windshieldfactor

Location Example Fw

Sheltered Citycentre 0.02Average Suburban 0.05Exposed Rural 0.10

Edgeinsulation

Installinginsulationhorizontallyaroundtheperimeterof thefloor–edgeinsulation–will reduce thermalbridgingat theperimeterand improve thefloor’soverall thermalperformance2. Edgeinsulationcanbe:

• Horizontal: insulationinstalledaroundtheperimeterofthefloorinthesameplaneasthefloor3.

• Vertical: insulationinstalledattheperimeterofthefloor, atrightanglestotheplaneofthefloor.

Usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofedgeinsulationpresent: none, horizontal orvertical thenenterthedetailsofanyinsulation(ifyouhaveselected none leavetherestofthissectionblank).

• Insulationname.

• Insulationthickness: boardthickness, inmm.

• Insulationconductivity: thelambdavalue, in W/mK.

• Insulationwidth or depth (dependinguponwhethertheinsulationislaidhorizon-tallyorvertically): theboardwidth, inmm.

• Description: optionaldescriptionoftheinsulation.

Youcanalsousethe ProductsDatabase toenterdetailsoftheinsulationbyclickingonthebuttonbythe Insulationname box.

FurtherinformationonedgeinsulationmaybefoundinBRE InformationPaper7/93.

2Forsuspendedfloorsedgeinsulationrefersonlytoinsulationappliedatthebaseofthesubfloorvoid:insulationaroundtheedgeofthedeckshouldnotbeincludedasedgeinsulation.

3Horizontaledgeinsulationwascommonlyusedtoreducethermalbridgingandcoldspotsonlargerfloorswhichdidnotrequireacompletelayerofthermalinsulation. However, thelowerU-valuesnowrequiredbyBuildingRegulationsusuallyrequireafulllayerofinsulation, makingtheuseofhorizontaledgeinsulationunlikely.

11 BasementU-values

JPA DesignercalculatesU-values forbasementwallsandfloorsusing themethods ininBS EN ISO 13370. Asthecalculationsforabasement’swallsandfloorarelinked,witheachcalculationrequiringdataabouttheotherelement, itisbesettocalculatethebasementfloorU-valuefirst.

11.1 Basementfloors

Figure 11.1: Enteringdataforbasementfloors

TocompleteabasementfloorU-valuecalculationyouwillneedtoknow:

• Thefloor’sPerimeter/Arearatio: P/A;

• Thethicknessofthebasementwalls: w (metres);

• Theaveragedepthfromtheexternalgroundsurfacetothebasementfloor: h (me-tres);

• Thethermalconductivityoftheground: lambda, λ, in W/mK (see Table 11.1 andannexG ofBS EN ISO 13370).

TocalculateabasementfloorU-value:

1. CreateanewU-valuecalculationinthe ProjectManager windowandopenitforediting.

2. IntheU-valueConstructiondialogue setthe ElementType to BasementFloor, enteran Elementdescription thenclick OK.

3. Inthe GroundFloorDetails dialogue(Figure 11.1)enter:

• thePerimeter/Arearatio, P/A,orchecktheboxlabelled‘calculateit’andenterthe Perimeter and Area separately;

75

CHAPTER11. BASEMENT U-VALUES 76

• thewallthickness, w;

• thebasementdepth, h; and,

• thethermalconductivityoftheground.

4. Enterthelayerswhichmakeupthefloorconstruction.

Includelayerstorepresent:

• Screed;

• Insulation;

• Flooring, suchasparticleboard.

Omit:

• Hardcorebeneathagroundbearingslab.

• Groundbearingconcreteslabswithdensitygreaterthan 1800 kg/m3.

• Thinfloorcoveringssuchasvinylorcarpet.

Table 11.1: Thermalconductivityoftheground

Category Description Thermalconductivity, (W/mK)

1 clayorsilt 1.52 sandorgravel 2.03 homogeneousrock 3.5

11.2 Basementwalls

TocompleteabasementwallU-valuecalculationyouwillneedtoknow:

• Thefloor’sPerimeter/Arearatio: P/A;

• Thethicknessofthebasementwalls: w (metres);

• Theaveragedepthfromtheexternalgroundsurfacetothebasementfloor: h (me-tres);

• Detailsoftheinsulationinthebasementfloor.

• Thethermalconductivityoftheground: λ, in W/mK)(see Table 11.1 andannexGofBS EN ISO 13370).

TocalculateabasementwallU-value:

CHAPTER11. BASEMENT U-VALUES 77

Figure 11.2: Enteringdataforabasementwallcalculation

1. CreateanewU-valuecalculationinthe ProjectManager windowandopenitforediting.

2. Inthe U-valueConstructiondialogue setthe ElementType to BasementWall, enteran Elementdescription thenclick OK.The GroundFloorDetails dialogueopens(Figure 11.2).

3. EnterthePerimeter/Arearatio, P/A,orchecktheboxlabelled‘calculateit’andenterthe Perimeter and Area separately.

4. Enterthewallthickness, w, thebasementdepth, h, andthethermalconductivityoftheground, lambda.

5. Enterthedetailsofinsulationinthebasementfloor. Eitherenterthe name, thicknessand conductivity oftheinsulation, orusethedatabasebuttontoselecttheinsulationfromthe ProductsDatabase.

6. Addthelayersoftheconstructioninthemain U-value window.

12 Creatingreports

YoucanprintcalculationreportsorproduceaPDF filewhichcanbeopenedonanycomputerwiththefreeAdobeReadersoftwareinstalled. PDF filesareidealforemailingtopeoplewhoneedtoseetheresultsofthecalculationbutdonothaveJPA Designer.ForbothprintandPDF thereportincludes:

• Projectinformation;

• Detailsoftheconstruction;

• TheU-valueandanycorrectionfactors.

Toprintresults:

1. Onthe Filemenuclick Print (orclickthe Print buttononthetoolbar). The SectionsToPrint dialogueopens(Figure 12.1).

2. Ifyouhaveseveraluseridentities(see section 2.8)selecttheoneyouwanttouseinthe Identities list.

3. Usethetickboxestoselectwhethertoprintanadditionalpageshowingthedetailsofthebridgingcalculations. YoucanalsochoosewhethertoincludetheISO mois-turetableforcondensationanalysis, andwhetherthecalculationshouldshowthelogooftheBBA/TIMSA U-valueaccreditationscheme.

4. Ifyouwanttoincludeawatermarkoverthecalculationtick Printwatermarktext.Youcanalsomodifythewording, angleandfontsizeofthedefaulttext.

5. Click OK.The Printpreview windowopens.

6. Usethebuttonsonthetoolbartoviewsuccessivepagesoftheprintout, thenclickthe Print buttontoprintthepages(Figure 12.2).

TocreateaPDF calculationreport:

1. Onthe File menubarselect CreatePDF (orclickthePDF buttononthetoolbar).A dialogueasksifyouwanttoopenthePDF whenitiscreated.

2. Select Yes or No. The SectionsToPrint dialogueopens(Figure 12.1).

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CHAPTER12. CREATING REPORTS 79

Figure 12.1: SectionsToPrintdialogue

Figure 12.2: Printpreviewcontrols


3. Usethetickboxestoselectwhethertoprintanadditionalpageshowingthedetailsofthebridgingcalculations, taperedlayersand, forcondensationriskanalysis, theISO moisture table forcondensationanalysis. Ifyouareamemberof theBBA/TIMSA U-valueaccreditationschemeyoucanaddtheschemelogotoyourreports.

4. Ifyouwanttoincludeawatermarkoverthecalculationtick Printwatermarktext.Youcanalsomodifythewording, angleandfontsizeofthedefaulttext.

5. Ifyouhaveseveraluseridentities(see section 2.8)selecttheoneyouwanttouseinthe Identities list.


7. Usethebuttonsonthetoolbartoviewsuccessivepagesoftheprintout, thenclickthe Print buttontoprintthepages(Figure 12.2). TheprogramwillthencreateaPDF fileofthecalculation.

ThenameofthePDF filewillincludetheJPA Designerfilenameandthecalculationname, sothecalculation tilehungwall inaproject TheMeadows willbecalled TheMeadows.JDPtilehungwall.PDF.

8. ThefilewillbesavedintotheJPA Designerprogramfolderorinthestart-upfolderyouhavespecified(see section 3.5).

Note: asWindowsdoesnotallowcertaincharacterstobeusedinfilenamesyoushouldensurethecalculationnamesinJPA Designerdonotcontainthosecharac-ters, otherwisePDF creationwillfail. Therestrictedcharactersare: ’ /\: *? < >|.

Youcanchangetheprintersettingsbyselecting File>Printersetup fromthemenubar.It isalsopossible toproducePDF reportsofall theU-valuecalculationsatonce. Inthe ProjectManager windowonthe File menuclick PrintallU-valuecalculationsinthisprojecttoPDFs. Theprogramwillthenofferthe SectionstoPrint dialoguebeforecreatingthePDFs.

12.1 Addingnotestoreports

Figure 12.3: ThePrintReportNotestabintheU-valueConstructiondialogue

Youcanaddnotestothereportofacalculation, whichcanbeusedtoexplainparticularfeaturesofthecalculationortohighlightassumptionsmadewithinit.ToaddnotesopentheU-valueconstruction dialogueandclickonthe PrintReportNotestab. Youcanthenenteryourwording(Figure 12.3). Thenotestextwillappearbetweenthelayerslistandthefinalresult.


12.2 Customisingreports

YoucancontrolmanyaspectsoftheappearanceofJPA Designer’scalculationreports:

• Selectingtheprinter: IntheU-valuemoduleselect File>Printersetup. Youcanselect theprinterandpaper source. It ispossible to set thepageorientation tolandscaperatherthanportrait, butthereportsarenotdesignedforlandscapeformat.

• Changingthefontusedinreports: IntheU-valuemoduleselect File>Font. Theninthe Font dialogue. setthetypeface, styleandsize. ThedefaultisArialregular, 10pt. Largersizesmaycauseproblemsonthepagewithcolumnsoverflowing. Notealso, thatsomefontsarewiderthanothers, evenatthesamepointsize, soitworthtestingfontsettings.

• Pagemargins: Thesearesetinthe General taboftheOptionsmenu. TherearetwoTop settings, oneforthefirstpageandoneforthesecondpage. Thisistoallowyoutoprintcalculationsontoheadedpaper, withprintingonthefirstsheetstartinglowerdownthepage.

• Addingyourlogoandaddress: Youcanaddyourlogoandcontactdetailstocal-culationreports: see section 2.8.

• Addingadisclaimertobeshownatthebottomofcalculationreports: Enterthedisclaimer text in the U-valuedisclaimer boxon the Options dialogue Generaltab.

• Includingthetotalconstructionthicknessinthecalculationreport: Inthe Othertabofthe Options dialoguetick PrinttotalthicknessonU-valuereport. Thetotalthicknesswillthenappearoncalculationreportsbelowthelayerlist.

13 EditingtheProductsdatabase

TomakeU-valuecalculationseasierallJPA DesignerU-valuemodulesincludethe Prod-uctsdatabase, whichprovideskeydataongenericconstructionmaterialsandcavities,aswellasdataonbrandedproductsfromanumberofmanufacturers. Thissectionexplainshowyoucanaddfrequentlyusedproductstothedatabase.

Thematerialswithinthedatabaseareorganisedintothreecategories:

• Brandedproductsfrommanufacturers, shownin bold inthecategorieslist;

• Genericmaterials, showninnormaltypeinthecategorieslist;

• User-definedmaterials, shownin italics inthecategorieslist.

Whilstyoucancreate, editanddeleteuser-definedcategoriesandmaterials, youcannoteditordeletebrandedorgenericcategoriesormaterials. However, youcancloneagenericorbrandedmaterialandmakechangestothecone, leavingtheoriginalun-touched.

Tomakechangestothe Productsdatabase youmustfirstopenthe Editdatabase dialogue(Figure 13.1)byselecting Edit>Database fromthemainmenu.

Toaddauserdefinedcategory:

1. Clickthe Newcategory button.

2. Enterthenameofthecategoryinthe Newcategory dialogue.

3. Click OK.Thenewcategoryiscreated.

Torenameanexistinguserdefinedcategory:

1. Selectacategorybyclickingonit.

2. Clickthe Editcategory button. The Editcategory dialogueopens.

3. Enteranewnamethenclick OK.Thecategoryisrenamed.

Tocloneacategory:

1. Selectthecategorytoclonebyclickingonit.

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CHAPTER13. EDITING THE PRODUCTS DATABASE 83

Figure 13.1: TheEditDatabasedialogue

2. Clickthe Clonecategory button. The Clonecategory dialogueopens.

3. Enteranameforthenewcategoryandclick OK.

4. A newcategorywillbecreated, containingcopiesoftheoriginalmaterials.

Todeleteauserdefinedcategory:

1. Selectthecategorytodelete.

2. Clickthe Deletecategory button. An Information dialogueasksyoutoconfirmthedeletion.

3. Click Yes todeletethecategory, No tokeepit.

Toinsertanewmaterialinauser-definedcategory:

1. Selectthecategoryinwhichyouwanttocreatethenewmaterial.

2. Clickthe Newproduct button. The Editmaterial dialogueopens.

3. Completethe Editmaterial dialogue(chapter 7).

4. Click OK.Thenewproductisaddedtothecategory.

Toeditanexistinguserdefinedmaterial:


1. Selecttheproductyouwishtoedit.

2. Clickthe Editproduct button. The Editmaterial dialogueopens.

3. Makethechangesinthe Editmaterial dialogue(chapter 7).

4. Click OK.Theproductinformationisupdated.

Tocloneanexistingproductinauserdefinedcategory:

1. Selecttheproductandclickthe Cloneproduct button. A copyoftheproductwillbeinsertedinthecategory.

2. Clickontheclonetoeditit.

Todeleteaproductfromauser-definedcategory:

1. Selecttheproductyouwishtodelete.

2. Clickthe Deleteproduct button. Theproductisdeleted.

Figure 13.2: TheSearchDatabasedialogue

Youcansearchthedatabasetofindspecificproducts:

1. Clickthe Search button. The SearchDatabase dialogueopens(Figure 13.2).

2. Inthe SearchDatabase dialogueenterthetextyouwanttosearchforandthedi-rectiontheprogramshouldsearchthroughthedatabase(forwards or backwards).

3. Tickthe Ignorecase boxifyouwantthesearchtoignorecapitalsandlower-caseletters.

4. Click Findfirst to start the search. Theprogramwill display thefirstmatchingproductinthe Products pane.

5. Click Findnext togoontothenextmatchingproduct.

6. Whenyouhavefoundtheproductyouwantclick Close toclosetheSearchdia-logue.

Whenyouhavefinishedworkingonthedatabase, clickthe Close buttontoreturntothemainU-valuewindow.


13.1 Shortcodes

Youcanassigncodestouserdefinedmaterialsasyouentertheminthedatabase. TheshortcodescanthenbeusedforrapiddataentryusingtheProductsdatabase. Youcanalsouseshortcodestodeterminetheorderinwhichproductsandmaterialsarepresentedwithincategories, tospeedupdataentryforcommonconstructions.

Tosortthedatabasebyshortcodesyoumustfirstassignshortcodestothematerials; useanumberingsystemwhichmatchestheorderinwhichyouwantthematerialstoappear.Onceyouhaveassignedshortcodesyoushouldclickonthe Sortonshortcode tickboxinthe Productsdatabase dialogue(Figure 6.2).

PartIII

Thermalmasscalculations

86

14 ThermalmassinJPA Designer

Thethermalmassofabuildingelementisanexpressionoftheamountofheatwhichitcanstore. Elementswithhighthermalmassstoremoreenergythanthosewithlowerthermalmass. Thethermalmassofawholebuildingwillaffectitsenergyefficiency.

TheJPA DesignerU-valuemodulescanbeusedtocarryoutthetwomainthermalmasscalculationsforconstructions:

• κ-value(kappa-value)calculations, whichgiveasteady-statemeasureofthermalmass. -valuesareusedinSAP calculationsfromSAP 2009onwards(see sec-tion 21.1 forfurtherinformationon -values).

• admittancecalculations, whichgivetransientmeasuresofthermalmasswhichcanbeusedindynamicsimulationmodelling(DSM) whenassessingtheenergyperfor-manceofwholebuildings.

EachcalculationiscarriedoutalongsidetheU-valuecalculation, providedthenecessarydataisavailableforeverylayerintheconstruction. Thissectiondescribestheadditionaldataandhowtoproduceathermalmassreport.

14.1 Additionaldataforthermalmasscalculations

InadditiontothestandarddataforeachlayerrequiredforU-valueorR-valuecalculations(thicknessandthermalconductivity), thermalmasscalculationsrequire:

• density, in kg/m3;

• specificheatcapacity, in J/kgK.

Genericmaterialsintherevisedproductdatabasehavevaluesfordensityandspecificheatcapacity.

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CHAPTER14. THERMAL MASS IN JPA DESIGNER 88

Figure 14.1: Thermalmassresultsshowinginthestatusbar

14.2 Thermalmassresults

TheresultsofthermalmasscalculationsaredisplayedinthestatusbaroftheU-valuemodule(see Figure 14.1).

Thefiguresshownare:

• admittance: ameasureofhowrapidlyheatpassesbetweenthesurfaceofanele-mentandthebuildinginterior.

• decrementfactor: theratioofthetemperaturerangeattheinternalsurfaceofanelementtothetemperaturerangeattheexternalsurface.

• decrementdelay: thetimetakenforheattotravelfromonsideofthestructuretotheother.

• κ-value: thesteady-statemeasureofthermalmass.

Theresultsareupdatedwheneverthelayerdataischanged.

14.3 Thermalmassreport

A reportofthethermalmasscalculationcanbeprintedorexportedtoPDF inthesamewayasotherreportsfromtheU-valuemodule, bytickingthe Thermalmass boxintheSectionsToPrint dialogue.

Thereportshowsthe κ-valuecalculationandtheresultsoftheadmittancecalculations.

PartIV

Condensationrisk

89

15 Theproblemofinterstitialcondensation

Condensationoccurringwithinbuildingelements–interstitialcondensation–cancausesubstantialdamagetothebuildingfabricandreducetheeffectivenessofthermalinsu-lation1. Bycarryingoutcondensationriskanalysis(CRA) youcanidentifyconstructionswhicharelikelytobeatriskofcondensationand, wherenecessary, makemodificationstothedesign.

JPA Designerassessestheriskofinterstitialcondensationusingthesteady-statemethoddefinedinISO 13788:20122, whichusesmeanmonthlytemperaturesandrelativehu-miditiestoassesstheriskofinterstitialcondensationoveratwelvemonthperiod. Themethodprovidesageneralassessmentofsuitabilityoftheconstruction, butdoesnotad-dressairmovementwithintheconstruction, nordoesit takeaccountof theeffectsofcapillarymoisturetransfer.

1Forfurtherinformationonthecausesandeffectsofcondensation, andguidanceonreducingproblemsseeBS 5250:2011. Codeofpracticeforcontrolofcondensationinbuildings.

2ISO 13788:2012Hygrothermalperformanceofbuildingcomponentsandbuildingelements–Internalsurfacetemperaturetoavoidcriticalsurfacehumidityandinterstitialcondensation–Calculationmethods.

90

16 CondensationriskanalysisinJPADesigner

Condensation risk analysisdetermineswhether condensation is likely tooccur at theinterfacesbetweenthelayersofmaterialwhichmakeuptheconstruction1. Usingthehygrothermalpropertiesofthematerials(section 16.1)andtheenvironmentalconditions(section 16.2)theprogramlooksateachinterfaceintheconstructionandcalculates:

• theamountofcondensatedepositedorevaporatedduringeachmonthofayear;

• themaximumamountofmoisturedeposited;

• theaccumulatedmassofwatercomparedtototalevaporationduringtheyear;

• theannualmoisturebalance.

Youcanthenusetheresultstoassessthesuitabilityoftheconstructionforthatenviron-ment.

Tocarryoutcondensationriskanalysis:

1. Definetheelementinthesamewayasyouwouldforathermalcalculation(sec-tion 16.1).

2. Settheenvironmentalconditions(section 16.2);

3. Viewtheresults(section 16.3).

16.1 Definingtheconstruction

Tocarryoutcondensationriskanalysisyoumustsetthethermalresistanceandvapourresistanceofeachlayerwhichmakesuptheelement, usingtheappropriatemethodsforeachtypeoflayer:

• Normal materials: Enterthe thickness, thermalconductivity and vapourresistivity.JPA Designerwillcalculatethe thermalresistance andthe vapourresistance.

1Themodulecannotcarryoutcondensationriskanalysisforgroundfloors, basementsnorconstruc-tionscontainingvariablelayers; neitherwillitcalculatetheriskofsurfacecondensation.

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CHAPTER16. CONDENSATION RISK ANALYSIS IN JPA DESIGNER 92

• Compositematerials: Enterthe thermalresistance and vapourresistance. Althoughthe thickness isnotrequiredforthecalculation, settingthe thickness ensurestheDewpointgraph(Figure 16.3)looksright.

• Fixedvapourresistance materials: Thesearedesignedtobeusedincondensationriskanalysistorepresentmaterialssuchasmetalswhichhaveveryhighresistancesevenwhenusedinthinlayers. Enterthe thickness, thermalconductivity andthevapourresistance.

• Membranes: Enterthe vapourresistance.

• Cavities: Enterthe thermalresistance. Thevapourresistanceofacavityisalwayszero. Enterthe thickness toensurethetheappearanceoftheDewpointgraph.

Thedataforeachtypeofmaterialandcavityisdescribedinmoredetailin chapter 7.Ifyouhavealreadycarriedoutthermalcalculationsonthesameconstructionyouneedonlycheckthatthevapourresistivityorresistancefiguresarecorrect.

Unitsofvapourresistanceandresistivity

JPA Designeruses thevapour resistivitywithunitsof MNs/gm andvapour resistancewithunitsof MNs/g. Ifmaterialdata isquotedas µ or sd values, multiplybyfive toobtain the resistivityor resistance respectively. YoucanfindguidanceonconvertingfromEuropeanunitsandfrompermeabilityandpermeancefiguresinAnnexesE.7andE.8ofBS 5250:2011.

16.2 Environmentalconditions

Thecondensationriskcalculationrequiresmeanmonthlydatafor:

• ExternalTemperature(ExtT) and ExternalRelativeHumidity(ExtRH);theexternalconditionsdependuponthebuilding’s location. JPA Designer includesexternaltemperatureandhumiditydata foranumberofweatherstationsaroundtheUKandIreland, allowingyoutoselectthenearestlocationtotheprojectsite2. Pickthenearestweatherstationtoyoursite.

Toviewamapoflocationsclick ViewlocationofGoogleMaps3. Fora‘worstcase’scenarioselect Eskdalemuir.

• Internalrelativehumidity(IntRH);forbuildingswhichareheatedandnaturallyventilatedthisisdeterminedbytheexternalrelativehumidityandmoistureloadgeneratedbytheactivitiestakingplacewithinthebuilding. ISO 13788definesfiveoccupancy typeswithdifferenthumiditycharacteristics: BS 5250:2011suggestsrelativehumidityrangesforthosetypes, see Table 16.1.

2TheUK dataistakenfromMeteorologicaldata1961–1990publishedbytheWorldMeteorologicalOffice, whilethedatafortheRepublicofIrelandcomesfromtheMetÉireann.

3MapcourtesyofAndrzejNiedzielski.


Figure 16.1: TheEnvironmentalconditionsdialogue

• Internaltemperature(IntT);thedesigntemperatureinsidethebuilding, indegreesCelsius. Thedefaultforanalysisistousethesameinternaltemperaturethroughouttheyear. Ifnoprojecttemperaturehasbeenspecifieduse20ºC asadefaultvalueforaUK building.

Forfullyconditionedbuildingsitisappropriatetousedesigninternalconditions,ratherthanderivethemfromtheexternalconditionsandmoistureload.

• Risklevel: Astheavailableclimatedataisbasedonmeanvaluesaveragedoverthirty yearperiods, therewill be someyearswhichhavebetter conditions thanthemeanandsomeyearswhichwillhaveworse. Itispossiblethatconstructionswhicharepredicted tobe freeofcondensation inaverageconditionswillsuffercondensationincolderandmorehumidyears. BS 5250:2011givesamethodfortestingthelikelyeffectofworsethanaverageyearsbymeansofriskyears, withcorrectionstoreplicatetheworstconditionslikelyoverfive, ten, twentyandfiftyyears. Theappropriatereturnperiodforacalculationwilldependonthesensitivityoftheprojecttocondensation: forexample, acomputerdatacentremightrequireafiftyyearreturnperiod, whileahousemightonlymeritafiveyearreturnperiod.

Environmentalconditionsdataisenteredusingthe Environmentalconditions dialogue(Figure 16.1):

1. Onthe Edit menuclick Environmentalconditions.


2. Makesurethe Use2003CondensationMethod isticked(see chapter 17 forade-scriptionofthepreviousmethod).

3. Selectthelocationofthebuildingfromthe Buildinglocation list. The ExtT and ExtRH columnswillbecompleted. Ifyouhavesitespecificdatayoucantypevaluesdirectlyintothetable.

4. Foranaturallyventilatedbuilding:

• Tick Calculateinternalconditionsbasedonexternalconditions.

• Setthe Climate to Maritime.

• Selectthehumidityclassinthe Internalhumidityclass list. The IntRH columniscompleted.

• Entertheinternaldesigntemperatureinthe Internaltemperature box. TheIntT columndisplaysthevalues. Ifyouwishtovarytheinternaltemperaturethroughouttheyearyoucantypevaluesdirectlyintothe IntT columnforeachmonth.

• Setthe Risklevel fromthelist. Selectingareturnperiodwillmaketheexternalconditionsmoreonerous, withlongerperiodsbeingharsherthanshorterones.

5. Foraconditionedbuilding:

• Tick Usedesigndataforinternalconditions.

• Fromthelistselectasetofinternalconditions. Ifyoucannotfindasuitabledatasetinthelistyoumayneedtocreatethedatasetbeforebeginninganalysis(see section 37.1.

6. Click OK toacceptthedataandclosethedialogue.

Table 16.1: Humidityclasses

Class Buildingtype Relativehumidity(%)15ºC 20ºC 25ºC

1 Storageareas <50 <35 <252 Offices, shops 50–65 35–50 25–353 Dwellingswithlowoccupancy 65–80 50–60 35–454 Dwellingswithhighoccupancy, sportshalls, 80–95 60–70 45–555 Specialbuildings, e.g. laundry, swimming

pool>95 >70 >55

16.3 Viewingresults

Youcanviewtheresultsofcondensationriskanalysisinthreeformats:

• Asmonthbymonthdata, intheISO CondensationTable(section 16.3).

• Asagraph, intheDewpointgraph(section 16.3).

• Insummaryform, intheResultstable(section 16.3).


ISO CondensationTable

The ISO CondensationTable showstheamountofcondensatepredictedateachinterfaceintheconstruction, andisthemostaccuratemeansofviewingtheresultsofananalysistoISO 13788.

Toviewthe ISO CondensationTable: onthe Viewmenuselect ISO CondensationTabler.

Figure 16.2: ISO 13788Condensationtable

Theupperpartofthewindow(Figure 16.2)showstheinterfaceswithintheconstruction.Whenyouselectan interfacebyclickingon it, the lowerhalfof the tableshows theamountofcondensationpredictedatthatinterface. Itshowstheamountofcondensatedepositedorevaporatedeachmonth, gc, andtheaccumulatedcondensateattheendofeachmonth, Ma, bothmeasuredin g/m2. A negativeamountofcondensateindicatestheamountofmoisturepredictedtoevaporateinthatmonth.

Theresultsalwaysstartwiththefirstmonthinwhichcondensationispredicted: ifnocon-densationispredictedinanymonthresultsstartwithJanuary. GuidanceoninterpretingresultsisgiveninISO 13788andBS 5250.

TheDewpointgraph

Incondensationriskanalysis the dewpoint is the temperatureatwhichairwouldbesaturatedwithvapour. Condensationoccurswhenthe temperatureatapointwith intheconstructiondropsbelowdewpointandtheaircannotsupportallthewatervapour,resultinginsomeoftheexcessbeingdepositedasliquidwater.

The Dewpointgraph isavisualisationoftherelationshipbetweenthepredictedtemper-aturethroughanelementandthedewpoint. Theorientationofthe Dewpointgraph isdeterminedbythebuildingelement: wallsareshownwithlayersrunningverticallyandroofswithlayersrunninghorizontally.

Thegraphshowstwolines:


• thetemperaturegradientthroughtheconstruction, calculatedforeachinterface,showninred; and,

• thedewpointateachinterface, showninblue.

Thelinesareplottedforthemonthwiththeworstcondensationconditions.

Where the two linesdonot touch theactual temperature isabovedewpointandnocondensationispredictedatthoseinterfaces. Condensationispredictedatanyinterfacewherethetwolinestouch(see Figure 16.3). Notethattheactualtemperaturewillneverbelowerthanthedewpointandthelineswillnevercross.

Figure 16.3: Dewpoint graph for a roofwith condensationpredictedat the interfacebetweenlayers4and5

Toopenthe Dewpointgraph:

• onthe View menuselect Dewpointgraph; or,

• clicktheDewpointgraphbuttononthetoolbar.

Toviewtheresultsforthemonthwiththegreatestevaporation, clickthe Summer buttoninthe Resultstoshow section.


TheResultstable

The ResultsTable showstheheadlineresultsforeachinterfaceintheconstruction. Toviewthe Resultstable: onthe View menuclick ResultsTable. Whenthetableisopenclickthe Alwaysontop boxtokeepitvisibleonscreenwhileyoucontinuetoworkonthecalculation. Whenyouhavefinished, click Close toclosetheResultsTable.

ForcalculationstoISO 13788thesignificantcolumnsare:

• ISO -Winterworstbuildup: themonthinwhichthehighestamountofcondensateispredictedtobedeposited;

• ISO -Winterpeakbuildup: themonthwhichseesthehighestcumulativeamountofcondensation.

Foreachcolumntheamountofcondensateisshowningramspersquaremetre g/m2.Theresult n/a meansnocondensationispredictedatthatinterface. Youcanseemoredetailedresultsinthe ISO Condensationtable.

Producingreports

TheresultsofcondensationriskanalysiscanbeprintedorproducedasPDF filesinthesamewayastheresultsofthermalcalculations(chapter 12).

Figure 16.4: TheSectionsToPrintdialogueforcondensationriskreports

Themaindifferencesare:

1. BeforestartingtoprintorcreateaPDF,tickthe Condensationrisk boxonthestatusbaratthebottomofthemain U-value window.

2. Inthe SectionsToPrint dialoguereviewwhetheryouwanttoprintthesummer-timecondensationresultsandtheISO moisturetableandticktheappropriateboxes.

17 UsingtheBS 5250:1989calculationmethod

TheBS 5250:1989AppendixD methodisbasedonthesameunderlyingprinciplesasthemethodsetoutinISO 13788, butanalysescondensationriskfora60periodratherthanthewholeyearandreportsresultsinadifferentway. TheAppendixD methodisnolongerreferredtobybuildingregulationsandstandards, butisstillavailablewithinJPADesigner.

TousetheBS 5250: 1998calculationmethodopenthe Environmentalconditions dia-logueanduntick Use2003condensationmethod. ThedialogueboxwillnowshowtheenvironmentaldatafortheBS 5250:1989method.

17.1 Externalconditions

Theprogramsetsstandardvalues forexternalenvironmentalconditions, followingBS6229:1982andBS 5250:1989, whichare:

• summertemperature: 18ºC.

• wintertemperature: 5ºC.

• summerrelativehumidity: 65%.

• winterrelativehumidity: 95%.

Ifyouneedtocalculatecondensationriskforotherexternalenvironmentsyoucanchangethestandardvaluesbytypingnewvaluesintothetextboxes. Toreturntothedefaultvaluesforexternalenvironmentalconditionsclickthe Default button.

Build-upofcondensateisassessedoverastandard60daywinterperiod: thatvaluecanbechangedusingthe Condensationbuildupperiod box.

17.2 Internalconditions

Theinternaltemperatureandrelativehumidityvalueswillbedeterminedlargelybythebuildinguse. Youcanenterdesigndataormeasuredvaluesinthefourboxes, orselectoneofthepre-definedbuildingusegroupslistedin BuildingUse, whicharetakenfromBS 5250andBS 6229, Table7.

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CHAPTER17. USING THE BS 5250:1989CALCULATION METHOD 99

17.3 BS 5250:1989results

Onceyouhaveset theenvironmentalconditionsyoucanviewthecalculationresultsusingthe Resultstable (section 16.3)andthe Dewpointgraph (section 16.3). Ontheresultstabletheimportantcolumnsare:

• Winterbuildup whichshowsthebuildupofcondensateoverthe60daywinterperiod; and,

• Annualbuildup theamountofcondensatecarriedoverintothenextyear. A nega-tivefigureindicatesthereisnocondensationcarriedforward.

Bothfiguresaregivenin g/m2.

17.4 Calculationoptions

TheBS 5250:1989methoddoesnotallowfortheremovalofmoisturebyairmovement,however, thestandardsuggestssomeindicationoftheeffectofventedcavitiescanbeobtainedbyassumingtheair in thecavity isatoutsideconditions. Thiscandonebysettingtozerothevapourresistancesofthematerialstotheoutsideofacavity.

ForanexplanationofthelimitationsofthistechniquepleaserefertoBS 5250: 1989page76.

TousethisoptioninJPA Designer:

1. Inthe Options dialoguegotothe Other tab.

2. Tick Setvapourresistanceoflayersaboveventedcavitytozero.

3. Openthecondensationriskcalculation.

4. Doubleclickonthecavitylayer.

5. Inthe Editmaterial dialoguesetthecavitytypeto ventedcavity.

Theprogramwillsetthevapourresistanceofthelayersoutsidethecavitytozero.

PartV

SAP 2012

100

18 TheJPA DesignerSAP 2012module

18.1 OverviewoftheSAP 20012module

TheJPA DesignerSAP 2012moduleenablesyoutocarryoutcalculationstodemonstrateadwellingcomplieswiththerequirementsofPartL 2013(England), PartL 2014(Wales)andSection6, 2015(Scotland)1. Themodulealso letsyouissueenergyperformancecertificates(EPCs)fornewdwellings2, whilsttheresultsofcalculationsmaybeusedaspartofassessmentsundertheCodeforSustainableHomes.

TheSAP 2012moduleusestheSAP 9.92methodologyto:

• calculate theTarget Fabric Energy Efficiency (TFEE) andDwelling Fabric EnergyEfficiency(DFEE);

• calculatetheTargetCarbonDioxideEmissionRate(TER) andtheDwellingCarbonDioxideEmissionRate(DER).

• checkforcomplianceagainstanumberofothercriteriasetoutinApprovedDoc-umentL1A andintheDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide.

WhilstthissectionofthemanualgivesinstructionsonhowtoenterdataintotheprogramitdoesnotofferauthoritativeguidanceuponSAP 9.92northeBuildingRegulations. Wesuggestyouusethismanualinconjunctionwiththegovernment’sguidetoSAP (availablefromtheBRE website-www.bre.co.uk/sap2012)togetherwiththeappropriateApprovedDocumentorTechnicalHandbook.

18.2 PreparingtocarryoutaSAP 2012calculation

BeforestartingaSAP calculationyoushouldensureyouhavealltheinputdata, including:

• dwellingfloorarea;

• theventilationstrategy;1ForNorthernIrelandyoushouldcontinuetouseSAP 2009 -V9.90, whichisdescribedintheJPA

Designer5.01usermanual.2Inorder to issueanEPC youwill need tobeamemberof a government approvedaccreditation

scheme. Youcanfindmoreinformationonsuitableaccreditationschemesonourwebsite.

101

CHAPTER18. THE JPA DESIGNER SAP 2012MODULE 102

• thedesignorachievedairpermeability;

• U-values, κ-values(kappa-values)andareasofexternal, andparty, walls, roofsandfloors(youcancarryouttheU-valueand κ-valuecalculationsusingoneoftheJPADesignerU-valuemodules);

• κ-valuesandareasofinternalwallsandfloors;

• ψ-values(psi-values)forjunctionsandthelengthsofjunctions;

• U-values, areas, orientationandglazingdetailsofwindows, doorsandrooflights;

• thewaterheatingsystem;

• theprimaryandsecondaryheatingsystems;

• detailsofanyphotovoltaiccellsorotherlowcarbontechnology.

18.3 CarryingoutaSAP 2012calculation

CarryingoutaSAP 2012calculationusingJPA Designerisstraightforward. ThemainSAP window showstheon-goingresultsofthecalculationandthecompliancestatusofthedwelling, whileyouenterdatainthe SAP WorksheetValues dialogue. Onceyouhavefinishedenteringdatayoucanprintofftheresultsormakeadjustmentstothedata.Themainstepsare:

1. CreateanewSAP 2012calculation(section 3.7).

2. OpenthecalculationintheSAP module(section 3.9).

3. Enterthe ProjectInformation (section 18.5).

4. Openthe SAPWorksheetValues dialogueandenterthedwellingdata(section 18.6).

5. Checkthecompliancestatusonthemain SAP window (section 18.4)andmakeanynecessarychanges.

6. Produceprint-outsorPDF filesofthecalculationreports(section 29.2).

7. Saveyourproject(section 3.5).

18.4 TheSAP window

The SAP window letsyouaccesstheSAP menusandtoolbaranddisplaystheresultsofcalculations(Figure 18.1). Themainfeaturesare:

1. Themenubar.

2. TheSAP 2012toolbar: thebuttonsgivedirectaccesstokeyprogramfunctionsandtothetabsonthe SAP WorksheetValues dialogue.

3. Thestatusindicatorswhichshowhowmuchdatayouhaveenteredforeachsectionofthecalculation(seebelowforamoredetaileddescription).


Figure 18.1: ThemainSAP window. 1–Menubar. 2–Toolbar. 3–Statusindicators. 4–SAP version. 5–Calculationname. 6–FabricEnergyEfficiencyresults. 7–Dwellingemissionsresults. 8–FabricU-values. 9–Overheatingassessment. 10–SAP rating. 11–Compliancestatus.


4. TheSAP version–inthiscaseSAP 9.92, SAP 2012.

5. Thecalculationname, asenteredinthe ProjectManager window.

6. TheTFEE andDFEE results.

7. TheTER andDER results.

8. FabricU-valuesforopaqueelements(floors, walls, roofs)andforopenings. Ineachlinethefirstnumbershowstheworst(highest)U-valueandthesecondthearea-weightedaverage.

9. Overheatingriskassessment.

10. CarbondioxideemissionandSAP results, includingtheaverageHeatLossParam-eter(HLP).

11. Compliancezone. Thisshowsgreenforapassandredforafail. Ifthedwellingdoesnotcomplyyoucanholdyourmousecursoroverthiszonetoshowatool-tipidentifyingtheprimarycauseoffailure(Figure 18.2). Doubleclickingonthezonewillopenthe ComplianceChecklist.

Figure 18.2: Tooltipshowingtheprimarycauseoffailure

Figure 18.3: TheSAP toolbar: 1–Returnto ProjectManager. 2– Print. 3–ExitJPADesigner. 4– Projectinformation (section 18.5). 5– Dimensions tab(chapter 19). 6–Ventilation tab(chapter 20. 7– Walls, roofsandfloors tab(chapter 21). 8– Openingstab(chapter 22). 9– Hotwater tab(chapter 23). 10– Primaryheating tab(chapter 24).11– Secondaryheating tab– (chapter 25). 12– Overheating tab (chapter 26). 13–Photovoltaicandalternativetechnologies tab(chapter 28).

Thetoolbarbuttonsareshownin Figure 18.3; themajorityofthemopenthe SAP 9.922012WorksheetValues dialogueatdifferenttabs. Thecolouredstatusindicatorsbelowmanyofthetoolbarbuttonsindicatethestatusofthedatayouhavesuppliedforthatpartofthecalculation:

• Red: Thereisnoneorverylittledatainthatsection.


• Orange: Mostof thedata is there, butoneor two items in that sectionarestillmissing.

• Green: AllthedatanecessaryforcompletingtheSAP calculationhasbeenentered.

Theindicatorsprovideaquickwayofseeinghowfaryouhavecomeinacalculation.However, youmustremembertheindicatorsreferonlytotheextentofdatayouhaveenteredandhavenothingtodowithwhetheradwellingwillcomplywithregulations.

18.5 ProjectinformationinSAP

A SAP 2012calculationrequiresgeneralinformationabouttheproject(suchasthenameandaddressoftheclient), theprojectaddressandbasicinformationaboutthedwellingitself. Allthisinformationisenteredinthe ProjectInformation dialogue(Figure 18.4),whichisopenedbyselecting Edit>ProjectInformation fromthemenubar.

Addressdetails

Theclientandprojectaddressdetailsareshownoncalculationworksheetsandreports.Thelocationofthedwelling, whichaffectssomepartsoftheSAP calculation, issetusingtheprojectaddressdetails.

Theclientnameandaddress, andthedwellingaddressshouldbetypingintotheappro-priatefields(items1, 2and3in Figure 18.4). Usethe <Tab> keytomovebetweenfields. Youcanalsousethe Inherit buttontousetheaddressdetailsfortheprojectinthecurrentcalculation(see section 3.3 forinstructions.) The Passdown buttoncanbeusedtocopytheaddressdetailstoallothercalculationsintheproject.

Youcanaddplot numbers anddrawing references to link the calculation to a set ofdrawingsoranamingscheme. Notethe Date (Figure 18.4 item3) isusedinanEPClodgementasthesurveydate.

Itisessentialtoenterapostcodeforthedwelling, astheEPC recommendationsarebasedonlocalclimateconditions, setbypostcode. Wherethedwellingdoesnothaveafullpostcode–perhapsbecauseithasnotbeenassignedyet–youneedonlyenterthefirstblock, e.g. BT25. (However, the UPRN boxandthe getUPRN and clearUPRN buttonsareonlyusedwhenpreparingtoissueanEPC.)

Dwellingdetails

ProjectInformation containsgeneralinformationaboutthedwelling:

• Buildingtype (Figure 18.4 item7): thisisusedintheEnergyPerformanceCertificate.Selecttheclosestmatchingvaluefromthedrop-down. Itisparticularlyimportanttoselectthecorrectoptionforflats.

• Country: theregionalauthoritiesintheUK haveimplementedSAP inslightlydif-ferentways. Youmustusethe Country drop-downtoselectthecorrectlocationtoensurethedwellingistestedagainsttheappropriateregulations. Ifthecountryandthelocation(seebelow)donotmatch, theprogramwillgiveawarning. Thiscanbeoverriddenusingthe Relaxcountrycheck box(see section 18.5).


Figure 18.4: TheProjectInformationdialogue


• EPC language (Figure 18.4 item8): setsthelanguageinwhichtheEPC isproduced.

EPCsinEngland, ScotlandandNorthernIrelandmustbeproducedinEnglish. EPCsinWalesmaybeissuedininEnglishorWelsh.

• Location (Figure 18.4 item9): this isusedto intheoverheatingassessmentandinSAP calculations fordwellingswithspacecooling. Toset the Location enterthePostcode(Figure 18.4 item3), thenclick Look-up (Figure 18.4 item10). Theprogramthensetstheregion. ThereisamapofSAP regionsinTable10oftheSAP2012document.

Wherethedwellingdoesnothaveafullpostcode–perhapsbecauseithasnotbeenassignedyet–youneedonlyenterthefirstblock–e.g. BT25–forthe Locationlook-uptowork.

• Projecttype (Figure 18.4 item11): defineswhetherthecalculationis fora newbuild, existingdwelling or conversion.

• Relatedpartydisclosure (Figure 18.4 item12): overridesthedefaultdisclosureforEPCsforthatcalculation.

SAP calculationoptions

Thebottomofthe ProjectInformation dialoguecontainsseveralcalculationoptions:

• Treat loweglasscoatingas ‘soft’ (Figure 18.4 item13): this isa legacysettingwhichaffectedcalculationsinSAP 9.70and9.80/1. IthasnoeffectonSAP 2012calculations.

• Entergrossopaqueelementareas (Figure 18.4 item14): theSAP 2012calculationusesthenetareasofwallsandroofs, aftertheareasofopenings(doors, windowsand rooflights)havebeen removed). Ifyouselect thisoptionyoucanenter thegross areasofwallsandroofs, andtheprogramwilldeterminethenetareas, bysubtractingtheareasofwindowsandrooflightsastheyarespecified.

Ifyouchangethesettingofthisboxthesoftwarethenclosethe ProjectInforma-tion theprogramasksifyouwanttousethatsettingasthedefaultvalueforfuturecalculations.

Youcanonlychangethissetting before youhavestartedtoenterdatainthe SAPWorksheet dialogue. Onceyouhaveentereddatathetickboxwillbegreyed-outandinaccessible. Thisistopreventthesettingbeingchangedhalfwaythroughacalculationandsoavoiderrors.

• BoilercomesundertheexceptionprocedureallowedinPartL (Figure 18.4 item12): TheDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceguiderequiresneworreplace-mentgasoroilboilerstohaveefficiencylevelswhichcanonlybeachievedbycon-densingappliances. A non-condensingboilermaybebepermittedifthesituationmeetstheconditionsinthegovernment’s Condensingboilerinstallationassessmentprocedurefordwellings3. Youmaythereforeonlytickthisboxiftheconditionsoftheassessmentprocedurearesatisfied.

3GuidetotheCondensingBoilerInstallationAssessmentProcedureforDwellings. DCLG.2005. http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/uploads/br/BR_PDF_PTL_CONDBOILER.pdf


• Relaxcountrycheck: bydefaultJPA Designercheckstoseetheselectedcountryandregionmatch, usingthePostcodeforthedwelling. However, therearesomepostcodeareaswhichcrosscountryboundaries, resultinginerroneouswarningmessages. Tickingthisboxdisablesthecheckbetweenregionandcountry, allowingthecountrytobesetcorrectly.

Onceyouhaveenteredallthenecessarydata, click OK.

18.6 Enteringinformationaboutthedwelling

ThedatafortheSAP calculationisenteredusingthe SAP 9.922012WorksheetValuesdialogue. Thedialoguehasaseriesoftabs, eachcoveringonepartoftheSAP inputdata:

• Dwellingdimensions: thebasicconfigurationofthedwelling, includingthepro-portionoflowenergylighting(chapter 19).

• Ventilation: airinfiltrationrates, ventilationstrategyandsystemefficiency(chap-ter 20).

• Walls, roofsandfloors: heatlossandthermalmassoftheopaquebuildingfabric(chapter 21).

• Openings: heatloss, solargainanddaylightinginformationforwindows, doorsandrooflights(chapter 22).

• Waterheating: thesourceofdomestichotwater, itsefficiencyandfueltype, in-cludingdetailsofanysolarpanels(chapter 23).

• Primaryheating: themainheatingsystem, controlsandfuel(chapter 24).

• Secondaryheating: anyadditionalheatingsystem(chapter 25).

• Overheatingandcooling: detailsforsummeroverheating, andanyfixedcoolingsystems(chapter 26 and chapter 27).

• PV &AltTech: Photo-voltaicpanels, windturbines, andnewrenewabletechnolo-gies(chapter 28).

Toopenthedialogueatthestartofacalculation, clickontheDwellingdimensions buttononthetoolbaroronthe Edit menuclick Dwellingdimensions.

Thetabsarelistedatthetopofthedialogueinthesameorderastheyappearinthe Editmenu(Figure 18.5). Tomovebetweensectionssimplyclickonthetabs. Werecommendyouworkfromlefttoright, startingwith DwellingDimensions andfinishingwith PV &AltTech.

Figure 18.5: TabsontheSAP 9.922012WorksheetValuesdialogue

Atthebottomofthedialogueareaseriesofbuttons(Figure 18.6):


Figure 18.6: ThebuttonsontheSAP WorksheetValuesdialogue

• OK:Revisesthecalculationtakingaccountofanychangesyouhavemadetothedata, andclosesthedialogue.

• Cancel: Closesthedialoguebutignoresanychangesyouhavemadetothecalcu-lation.

• Apply: Revisesthecalculation, takingaccountofanychangesyouhavemadetothedata, butleavesthedialogueopen.

Withamonitorsetto1024by800pixelsorhigher, itispossibletoseethemainSAP windowandthe SAP 9.922012WorksheetValues atthesametime. Byusingthe Apply buttonyoucanseetheeffectofdesignchangesuponthecalculationimmediately.

• Help: Givesyouaccesstothegovernment’sSAP guidanceandanon-lineversionofthismanual.

• Last: Takesyoutotheprevioustab.

• Next: Takesyoutothenexttab.

19 Dwellingdimensions

The Dimensions tab(Figure 19.1)isusedtoenterdataonthe:

• areaandvolumeofthedwelling;

• livingareaofthedwelling

• lowenergylighting;

• dwellingorientation.

• positionofaflatormaisonetteinablock(Scotlandonly).

Figure 19.1: TheDimensionstab

110

CHAPTER19. DWELLING DIMENSIONS 111

19.1 Dwellingareaandvolume

TheareaandvolumeofthedwellingeachstoreyareusedthroughouttheSAP calculation,forexample, todeterminehotwaterandlightingusageandtherateofheatlossthroughventilation.

Thecalculationrequiresthe floorarea ofeachstoreyandthe averagestoreyheight.

• Floorareas aremeasuredtotheinternalsurfacesofthewallsboundingthedwelling,and shouldincludebuilt-in cupboards accessible from theoccupied areaof thedwellingandallporchesandconservatorieswhichareheatedand formpartofthehabitablespace. (Excludeporchesandconservatorieswhichareunheatedandthermallyseparatedfromthelivingspace.)

• The averagestoreyheight forthelowestfloorofadwellingismeasuredfromfin-ishedfloorsurfacetoceilingsurface. Foreveryotherstorey, theheightismeasuredfromtheceilingofthefloorbelowtoitsownceiling. Thisconventionensuresthatthevolumeofthefloorstructureisincludedwithinthecalculation. Forroomintheroofconstructionsyouwillneedtodetermineanaveragestoreyheight.

Foreachstoreyenterthe floorarea, in m2, andthe averageroomheight, in m), againsttheappropriaterowinthelist. JPA Designerwillcalculateanddisplaythevolumeofeachstorey, the totalfloorareaof thedwellingand the totalvolumeof thedwelling.Notethat:

• Valuesmustbeenteredagainsttheappropriatestorey. Thisisparticularlyimportantforflats: donotuse groundfloor unlessitactuallyisagroundfloorflat. AssigningfloorareatothewrongfloorwillnotaffecttheresultsoftheSAP calculation, butincompatibilitiesbetweenstoreyandpartyfloorvalueswillpreventlodgementoftheEPC.

• Enterdataforstoreysonthefourthfloorandhigheronthefinalline.

• Whereafloorhasadifferentoccupancybeneathit(suchasanotherflat, maisonette,orretailunit)tickthe party boxonthatrow.

• Forpartystoreysonthefourthfloororhigherenterthefloornumberin Partyfloorstorey. Thestoreynumberisthefloornumberplusone: forexample, thesecondfloorhasastoreynumberofthree.

• Thetwolinesfor Groundfloors, allowfordwellingswhichhaveadoubleheightlounge.

• The Exposedfloor linemaybeusedforfloorsofapartmentswhichareovergarages,parkingbaysorwalkways.


19.2 Livingarea

TheSAP 2012calculationdividesadwellingintotwoparts:

• the livingareawhichisthepartofthedwellingpresumedtobeusedmostfrequently;and,

• therestofthedwelling.

Thelivingareaisdefinedasthe theroommarkedontheplanasthe loungeor livingroom, orthelargestpublicroom. Theareaofotherroomswhicharenotseparatedfromthelivingroombydoorsshouldalsobeincluded. However, thelivingareacannotextendovermorethanonestorey.Enterthelivingarea, in(m2), in Totalfloorareawhichislivingarea. JPA Designerwillcalculatethelivingareafraction.

19.3 Lowenergylighting

Theproportionoflowenergylightingisusedinthecalculationofelectricityconsumptionforlighting, withahigherproportionoflowenergylightingresultinginlowerelectricityuseandalowerDER.Theproportionoflowenergylightingisalsousedtotestcompli-ancewiththeminimumefficiencystandardsforfixedbuildingservices, whichcurrentlyrequireatleast3outof4lightfittings(afraction0.75)tobelowenergy. Enter:

• thetotalnumberoflightingunits, in Totalfixedlightingoutlets;

• thenumberof lightingunitswhichcountas lowenergylighting, in Lowenergylightingunits.

JPA Designerdisplaysthe Fractionoflowenergylighting.Atthedesignstage, whenitisunlikelythattheexactnumberoflightingunitswillbeknown, the simplest strategy is to set the totalnumberofunits to10or20, then setthenumberoflowenergyunitstogivethecorrectproportion: 15outof20willgiveaproportionof0.75. AnaccuratevalueisrequiredfortheEPC submission.

19.4 Orientation

Theorientationof thedwelling is usedwith thedataonopenings for solar gain andoverheatingcalculations.Tosettheorientation, selectadirectioninthe Frontofdwellingfaces list:

• Forahouse, itisusuallyeasiesttotreattheelevationcontainingthefrontdoorasthefrontface.

• Foranblockofflatsitmaybebettertotreatthefrontoftheblockasthefrontfaceforallflats, ratherthansettingdifferentfrontorientationsforeachflat.

The Applicationdate isusedintheEPC submissionasthedateonwhichthefinalEPCassessmentwasperformed. Clickingthedownarrowwillopenacalendar.


Figure 19.2: EnteringpositioninblockforScotland

19.5 Positioninblock

TheTER calculationforsection6inScotlandcalculatestheoutputofsolarpanelsonthenotionaldwellingfromtheroofareaoftheactualdwelling. Forflatsandmaisonettesthatnotionaloutputisdividedbythetotalnumberofdwellingsbeneaththeroofarea.InordertocarryoutthiscalculationthenumberofdwellingsaboveandbelowaflatormaisonettemustbeenteredintheNon-domesticpremisesinthesamebuildingaretreatedasonedwelling.

WhenthecalculationregionhasbeensettoScotlandthe DimensionstabincludestwoadditionboxesfortheNumberofdwellingsabove andNumberofdwellingsbelow boxes(Figure 19.2). JPA Designerwillcheckthevaluesenteredintothetwoboxesagainstthedefinitionoftheflatormaisonetteinthe ProjectInformation dialogue. Itwillwarnyouifthevaluesareincompatible(e.g. atopfloorflatwithoneormoreflatsabove, oramidfloorflatwithnoflatsabove).

20 Ventilation

SAP determinestheheatlossproducedfromairmovementbetweentheinsideandout-sideofadwellingbyconsidering:

• airinfiltrationthroughthebuildingfabric.

• detailsoftheventilationarrangements.

Dataforairmovementisenteredusingthe Ventilation tab(Figure 20.1).

Figure 20.1: TheVentilationtab

114

CHAPTER20. VENTILATION 115

20.1 Airinfiltration

Airinfiltrationrepresents unplanned airmovement. Itisexpressedasthevolumeofairwhichpassesinonehourthroughasquaremetreofthesurfaceofthebuildingenvelope:m3/hm2. Thevalueisisoftenreferredtoasthe q50 value, afterthecalculationresultinBS EN 13829.

Therearethreemethodstoentertheairinfiltrationdataintothesoftware:

• Usingtheresultsofpressuretesting.

• Ondevelopmentsofoneortwohouses, usinganassumedvalue..

• Allowthesoftwaretocalculatetheinfiltrationratefromtheconstructiontypeandbuildingsize.

Thisfinalmethodisnotvalidfordemonstratingcomplianceunderbuildingregula-tions.

Pressuretestdata

Whereairinfiltrationisbeingmeasuredbypressuretesting, theinitialSAP calculationusesadesignairpermeabilityvalue, whichisreplacedbyafinalassessedpermeabilityvalueoncethedwellinghasbeencompleted.

Toenter designstage airpermeability:

1. At Sourceofq50value select Pressuretest.

2. Entertheairpermeabilityinthe Designq50 box.

3. Settheradiobuttonsto asdesigned.

4. Tick Thisdwellinghasbeenpressuretested.

ThepressuretestingregimesetoutinApprovedDocumentL1A requiresaproportionofdwellingsonanysitetobepressuretested1. Theassessedairpermeabilityusedintheas-built SAP calculationdependsonwhetherornotthedwellinginquestionhasbeentesteditself:

• dwellingswhichhavebeentested: theassessedairpermeabilityistheresultfromtesting.

• dwellingswhichhavenotbeentested: theassessedairpermeabilityistheaverageresultsforthatdwellingtype, increasedbytwo.

Toenter as-built airpressuretestdataforatesteddwelling:

1. Enterthemeasuredairpermeabilityinthe Designq50 box.

2. Settheradiobuttonsto asdesigned.1Therearesimilar, butnotidenticalrequirementsinplaceforWalesandforScotland


3. Tick Thisdwellinghasbeenpressuretested.

Toenter as-built airpressuretestdataforadwellingwhichhasnotbeentesteditself:

1. Entertheaverageairpermeabilityforthedwellingtypeinthe Designq50 box.

2. Settheradiobuttonsto as-built.

3. Do not tick Thisdwellinghasbeenpressuretested. JPA DesignerwillincreasetheenteredpressuretestvalueintheSAP andDER calculationsbytwo.

Smalldevelopments

Pressuretestingisnotrequiredfordevelopmentsofoneortwohouses, providedtheDERcalculationiscarriedoutusinganairpermeabilityof 15m3/hm2:

1. At Sourceofq50value select Assumedvalue.

2. Tickthe Smalldevelopment box, whichindicatesthedwellingispartofadevelop-mentofoneortwodwellings.

Ifyoudonotticktheboxthedwellingwillfailitscompliancechecks.

The Designq50 boxisnowfixedat 15m3/hm2.

Usingacalculatedairpermeabilityrate

WhereadwellingisnotsubjecttotheairpressuretestingrequirementsofPartL anairpermeabilityvaluecanbeestimatedfrombasicdetailsoftheconstructionandconfigu-rationofthedwelling. ThisissuitableforcalculationsforexistingdwellingstoApprovedDocumentL1B.

1. At Sourceofq50value select Calculated. Thetabshowsadditionaltextboxes.

2. Specify:

• theTypeofconstruction;

• whetherthereisadraughtlobby;

• thefloorconstruction;

• thenumberofstoreys.

ThesoftwarethencalculatesanairpermeabilityratebasedontheSAP defaults.


20.2 Ventilationopenings

Inthe Ventilation sectionenterdetailsoftheventilationopeningsforthedwelling. Usetheboxestoenterthenumbersof:

• Chimneys: verticalductsforcombustiongaseswithdiametergreaterthan200mm.

• Flues: verticalductsforcombustiongaseswithdiameterlessthan200mm.

Chimneysandfluesshouldbeassignedtothemainorsecondaryheatingsystems,oranotherappliance. Thereisnoneedtoenterroom-sealedandbalancedfluestoheatingappliances, astheydonotaffectairmovementintheoccupiedspace.

• Fluelessgasfires2.

20.3 Shelteredsides

Therateofairinfiltrationresultingfromthewindisaffectedbythenumberofexposedsidesofthedwelling. SAP 2012thereforeadjustsinfiltrationaccordingtothenumberofshelteredsidesadwellinghas.

A shelteredsideis:

• apartywall;

• asidewhichisshelteredbyneighbouringbuildings. Theexactconditionsarede-scribedinsection2.5oftheSAP 2012document.

Thenumberofshelteredsidesisenteredinthe Shelteredsides box. Ifthelocalconditionsareunknown, useadefaultvalueoftwoshelteredsides.

20.4 Ventilationtype

Therearetwostepstodefiningtheventilationarrangementsforthedwelling:

1. Use the Ventilation Type radio buttons to specify the type of ventilation in thedwelling(seesection2.6oftheSAP documentfordetailsofthedifferentventilationsystems).

2. Specifythedetailsofthesystem.

Forallventilationsystemsleavethebox 100%draught-stripping ticked.

Theadditionalperformancedataforsystemsthatrequireitcanbesetinthreedifferentways:

• Usethe Default performancevaluesbuiltintotheSAP specification.

Althoughthisisavalidoptionforcalculation, thedefaultsvalueswillgivesignifi-cantlypoorerresultsthantheotheroptions.

2Althoughthegasfiresthemselvesareflueless, buildingregulationsrequirespecificventilationprovi-sionforeachappliancewhichwillresultinheatlossthroughairexchange.


Figure 20.2: Settingthesourceofmechanicalventilationdata

• Userdefined: allowsyou toenteryourownperformancevalues, suchas thosesuppliedbyproductmanufacturers.

• Database: performancevaluesfromtheProductCharacteristicsDataFile(PCDF)maintainedbyBRE.

ThePCDF valuesshouldbeusedwhereverpossible, astheywillbemostaccurate.

Defaultperformancevalues

TousedefaultvaluesselectDefault at Sourceofmechanicalventilationparameters. Thiswillgiveapoorresultforthedwellingasthedefaultvaluesaresignificantlyworsethanmanufacturers’data.

Iftheventilationsystemconsistsofintermittentextractfansorpassiveventsinbathroomsandtoilets, enterthenumberof intermittentfans or passivevents.

Use-definedperformancedata

Toenteruser-definedperformancedata:

1. Select Userdefined at Sourceofmechanicalventilationparameters

2. Click Enterdetails.

3. CompletethedetailsrequiredforthespecifiedsystemintheUserDefinedMechan-icalVentilation dialogue.

Theparametersrequiredforeachventilationtypeare:

• Forbalancedwholehousemechanicalventilation(Figure 20.3):

– Brandandmodelofsystem;

– Ducttypeandwhetherornottheductisinsulated;


Figure 20.3: Userdefineddataforbalancedwholehousemechanicalventilation

Figure 20.4: Userdefineddatafordecentralisedmechanicalwholehouseextractventi-lation

– SpecificFanPower(SFP);

– Numberofwetroomsexcludingthekitchen;

– Efficiencyofheatrecovery.

• Forpositiveinputventilationfromoutside:

– Theductconfiguration.

• Forpositiveinputventilationfromtheloft:

– Noadditionaldata.

• Forcentralisedmechanicalextractventilation(MEV):

– TheSpecificFanPower(SFP);

– whethertheductingisrigidorflexible.


• Fordecentralisedmechanicalwholehouseextractventilation(Figure 20.4:

– The SpecificFanPower (SFP) andnumberoffans; differentiatingbetweenfansinthekitchenandotherwetrooms, andbetween inroom, induct and throughwall fans.

UsingtheProductCharacteristicsDataFile

Figure 20.5: TheMechanicalVentilationDatabasedialogue

Toselectvaluefromthedatabase:

1. Select Database at Sourceofmechanicalventilationparameters .

2. Click Lookup.

3. IntheMechanicalVentilationDatabase dialogue(Figure 20.5)selecttheManufac-turer. Thelistofavailableproductsappears.


4. Selectaproductbyclickingonit.

5. Specifythenumberof Wetroomsexcludingkitchen.

6. Iftheductworkisinsulatedtickthe Insulatedduct box.

7. Fordecentralisedmechanicalwholehouseextractventilation, insteadofsteps5and6, enterthenumberoffansinkitchensandotherwetrooms(Figure 20.4)againstheappropriatefantype.

8. Clickthe Usetheselectedsystem button. Thedialogueclosesandthesummaryofthesystemisdisplayednexttothe Database radiobutton.

If theventilationsystemconsistsofmechanicalextractventilation (MEV) orbalancedwholehouseventilationwithheat recovery (MVHR) which feedsanexhaust airheatpumpyoumusttickthe MEV orMVHR ispartofexhaustairheatpump beforeopeningthedatabase, otherwisetheproductswillnotbedisplayed.

Ductedsystems

Figure 20.6: TheMVHR Ductdialogue

Theconfigurationofductworkwillaffecttheefficiencyofductedsystems, asrigidductsaremoreefficientthanflexibleducts: thisisreflectedinthein-usefactorsforductwork.Semi-rigidductshouldbetreatedasflexibleducts, unlesstheyhavebeendemonstratedtoworkaswellasrigidductsandarelistedinthePCDF.

Toaddasemi-rigidducttothecalculation:


• Tick Ductfromdatabase (Figure 20.2).

• Click Lookup. The MVHR Duct dialogueopens(Figure 20.6).

• Selectthe Manufacturer.

• Selectaductfromthelistshownforthatmanufacturer.

• Click Usetheselectedduct.

• Theductisnowshowninthe Ventilation tab.

Approvedinstallationschemes

Theoretically, aventilationsystemfittedunderanapprovedinstallationschemewillbemoreefficientthanonefittedwithoutqualitycontrol. Therefore, ticking Approvedinstal-lationscheme improvestheefficiencyofawholehouseventilationsystem. However, atthetimeofwriting(2015–11–02)thereisnosuchschemeinplaceandconsequentlynoreasontotickthebox.

21 Walls, roofsandfloors

Thedataontheopaquebuildingfabric—walls, roofsandfloors—isusedtocalculate:

• therateoffabricheatlossforthedwellingthroughbuildingelements;

• therateofheatlossthroughjunctionsbetweenelements;

• thethermalmassofthedwelling.

Thedata is enteredusing the Walls, roofs&floors tabof the SAP Worksheetvaluesdialogue(Figure 21.1).

21.1 Definingbuildingelements

SAP 2012requiresdatafor all elementsofthebuildingfabric, including:

• Exposedelementswhichseparate thebuilding interior fromoutside, or fromanunheatedspace, orfromanadjacentoccupancywithadifferentheatingpattern.

• Partyelementswhichseparatethedwellingfromanotherspacewithasimilarheat-ingpattern.

• Internalwallsandfloors.

Thedatarequiredforeachelementdependsonitsfunction: theprincipleitemsbeing:

• Area: thesurfaceareaof theelement, in m2, whichshouldbemeasuredto theboundariesofinternalfinishedsurfaces. Ifyouhavechosentouse gross areasforopaqueelementsthereisnoneedtosubtracttheareasofopeningsfromwallorroofareas.

Whenaddinginternalwalls, theareasofbothsidesofthewallshouldbemeasured.

• U-value: therateofheattransferthroughtheelement. U-valuesshouldbecalcu-latedto BR 443ConventionsforU-valuecalculations. TheJPA DesignerU-valuemodulemaybeusedforthis. TherequirementsforU-valuesfordifferentelementsare summarised in Table 21.2. Note that forpartywallsbetweendwellings theU-valuesmustbetakenfrom Table 21.1.

• κ-values(kappa-values): thisistheheatcapacityoftheelement, whichexpressestheamountofenergyrequiredtoraiseitstemperature. Table1eoftheSAP docu-mentcontainsadditionalinformationabout κ-values.

123

CHAPTER21. WALLS,ROOFS AND FLOORS 124

Figure 21.1: TheWalls, RoofsandFloorstab

Table 21.1: U-valuesforpartywalls

Partywallconstruction U-value(W/m2K)

Solid 0.0Unfilledcavitywithnoeffectiveedgesealing 0.5Unfilledcavitywitheffectiveedgesealing 0.2A fullyfilledcavitywitheffectivesealing 0.0


Table 21.2: U-valuesforbuildingelements

Element U-value Notes

Exposedelement AscalculatedSemi-exposed Ascalculated RuadjustmenttoU-valuePartywallbetweendwellings From Table 21.1Partywall–similarheatingpattern 0.00W/m2KPartywall–differentheatingpattern HalfcalculatedvaluePartyfloor–similarheatingpattern 0.00W/m2KPartyfloor–differentheatingpattern HalfcalculatedvaluePartyceiling–similarheatingpattern 0.00W/m2KPartyceiling–differentheatingpattern HalfcalculatedvalueInternalwall N/A TakeareaofbothsidesInternalfloor N/AInternalceiling N/A

TheElementdialogue

The Element Dialogueisusedtoenterdataoneachofthedwelling’sopaqueelements(see Figure 21.2): ittakesthefollowingdata:

• Element: Usethedrop-downtosetthe type ofelementfromthelist. TheelementtypeisusedforcheckingaverageU-values, soitisimportanttosettherightelementtype.

• Curtainwall: Tickthisboxifthewallelementconsistsofcurtainwalling.

Curtainwallinghastobetreateddifferentlyfromnormalwallsinordertoobtainthecorrectvaluesforheatlossandsolargains. Theareaofwallshouldbeenteredasnormal, buttheU-valuesettothatofthewholecurtainwallsystem. Thewindowareashouldalsobethatofthewholefacade, withthesameU-value.

• Construction: thedrop-downlistsanumberofcommonconstructionsforthespec-ifiedelementtype, andoffersaquickwayofsettingthe heatcapacity fortheele-ment. Alternatively, youcanleavetheconstructionblankandenterthe heatca-pacity directly.

• Partywalltype: thisdrop-downisonlydisplayedif the Element isapartywall.Selecttheappropriateconstruction: thatwillalsosetthe U-value.

• Storey: thisboxisonlydisplayedifthe Element isapartyfloororinternalfloor. Setthestoreynumber, relativetothebuilding(notjustthedwelling)Thestoreynumberisthefloornumberplusone: forexample, firstfloorisstorey2.

• When Element issetto internalfloors theprogramdisplaysthe Ceilingbelow drop-down: selecttheinternalceilingwhichformstheotherpartoftheinternalfloorconstruction.

Youshouldthereforedefinetheinternalceilingelementsbeforeyouentertheinter-nalfloors.

• Heatcapacity: entertheheatcapacity(κ-value)fortheelement: ifyouhavese-lecteda Construction itsdefaultheatcapacitywillalreadybeentered.


Figure 21.2: ElementDialogue

• Area: Entertheareaoftheelement.

Ifyouhavechosentousegrossareasthetextabovethe Area boxwillread EnterareasINcludingdoors, windowsrooflights. If itreads EXcludingdoors, windowsrooflightsyoumustenternetareas.

• U-value: Enter the U-value in the textbox. Ifyouhavealreadycarriedout theU-valuecalculationinthesameJPA DesignerprojectyoucanselectitusingtheLinktothisU-valuecalculation drop-down: thatcreatesapermanentlinkbetweentheelementintheSAP calculationandtheU-valuecalculation; thesoftwarewillupdatetheSAP calculationiftheU-valuechanges.

• Effectivethermalresistanceofunheatedspace(Ru): The Ru coefficientisusedtoadjusttheU-valueofanelementtoallowforthebeneficialeffectofanenclosedbutunheatedspacetoitsexterior. Thecommonestunheatedspacesareintegralgaragesinhousesandaccesscorridorstoapartmentblocks: somepartsofroom-in-the-roofconstructionsarealso treatedasunheated spaces. Click SelectRu toopen theEffectiveThermalResistance dialogue, thenpickthegarageconfigurationinthedialogue. Furthervaluesforaregiveninsection3.3oftheSAP 2012document.


• Description: Anoptional textdescriptionof theelement canbeentered in theDescriptiontextbox. A descriptionmakesiteasiertodistinguishbetweenseveralelementsofthesametypewheneditingacalculation.

• Perimeter and Cost: Ignoretheseboxes.

Managingbuildingelements

Toaddanewelement:

1. Clickthe New button; the NewElement dialogueopens.

2. EnterthedatafortheelementthenclickOK.JPA Designershowsthesummarydatanewelementintheelementlist.

Toeditanelement:-

1. Click theelement toedit thenclick the Edit button. The EditElement dialogueopens.

2. Makethechangestotheelement, thenclick OK.

Toduplicateanelement:-

1. Selecttheelementtoduplicatebyclickingonitonce.

2. Clickthe Duplicate button. A copyoftheelementiscreated.

3. Selectthenewelementandclick Edit tomakechanges.

Todeleteanelement:-

1. Selecttheelementtodeletebyclickingonitonce.

2. Clickthe Delete button. A confirmdialogueappears.

3. Click Yes todeletetheelement, or No tocancelthedeletion.

ThesummarydataonalltheelementsdefinedforadwellingcanbeexportedtoanExcelspreadsheetbyclicking SendtoExcel.


21.2 Linearthermalbridging

SAP calculatestheheatlossfromthermalbridgingatjunctionsbetweenelements, whichisusuallyreferredtoas Htb (heatlossbythermalbridging)1. TherearethreemethodsofcalculatingHtbforadwelling:

1. Calculating the total heat loss from the length and linear thermal transmittancevalueforeachjunctiontype(section 21.2).

2. Useasimplifiedmethodbasedonacalculated y-factor (section 21.2). Thismethodisnotvalidforcompliancecalculationsfornewdwellings.

3. Useasimplifiedmethodbasedonadefault y-factor (section 21.2). ThismethodisnotvalidforcompliancecalculationsfornewdwellingsinScotland.

FurtherinformationonthetreatmentoflinearthermalbridgingcanbefoundinAppendixK oftheSAP document.

NewinSAP 2012: ThermalbridgingatjunctionsWithSAP 2012asimplementedinPartL 2013(England), PartL 2014(Wales)andSection62015(Scotland)user-definedy-factorsarenolongerpermittedincompli-ancecalculations. InScotlanditisalsonolongerpermittedtouseadefaulty-factorforthermalbridgingifaccreditedconstructiondetailshavenotbeenused.However, whereacalculationisbeingupgradedtoSAP 2012inorder to lodgeandEPC,andtheoriginalcompliancecalculationistoSAP 2009orearlier, itispermissibletousethesamey-factorastheoriginalcalculation.

TheHtbcalculation

Thelinearthermaltransmittance, or ψ-value(pronounced psi-value)forajunctionistherateofheatlossthroughaonemetrelengthofthejunction, measuredinunitsofW/mK.Junctionsarecategorisedasjunctionsbetweenwallsandotherelementsorcomponents(e.g. windows).

Ψ-valuescanbeobtainedfromthreesources:

1. Whereanaccreditedconstructiondetail2isused, youcanusethe ψ-valuewhichhasbeencalculatedforthatdetail. TableK.1intheSAP 2012documentlistsvaluesforaccreditedconstructiondetails.

2. Wherea ψ-valuehasbeencalculatedforaspecificconstructiondetail, bysuitablyqualifiedperson, youcanusethatpsi-value. Thatmightbeadetailsuppliedbyamanufacturerofaconstructionproductfeaturedinthedetail.

1Thisisheatlossadditionaltothatwhichtakesplacethroughtheelements.2AccreditedconstructiondetailsforEnglandandWalesareavailableonthePlanningPortal: http://

www.planningportal.gov.uk/.Those for Scotland from the Scottish Government web site: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment.


Figure 21.3: TheCalculateHtbdialogue

3. Thedefault ψ-valuefromthefinalcolumnoftableK.1intheSAP 2012document.Thedefaultsare worst-case valueswhichrepresentconstructionswherelittleatten-tionhasbeenpaidtocontinuityofinsulationorairtightness.

Tocalculate Htb requiresthelengthand ψ-valueofeachjunctioninthedwelling. Thejunctionlengthshouldbeobtainedbymeasurementfromthedesigndrawings. Itisac-ceptabletosumthelengthofseparatejunctionsofthesametype, forexample, addingtogetherthelengthsofallthewindowjambs.

ThedatafortheHtbcalculationisenteredusingthe CalculateHTB dialogue(Figure 21.3)whichlistsallthejunctiontypesassignedtothedwelling, showingforeachone:

• theaccreditedlinearthermaltransmittance, whichrepresentsthe ψ-valueforthecorrespondingaccreditedconstructiondetail;

• theachieved linear thermal transmittance for the junction, which is the ψ-valueusedinthecalculation;

• thelengthofthedetail, inmetres;

• therateofheatlossthroughthejunction, in W/K.


Figure 21.4: TheJunctiondialogue

Whenyoufirstopenthe CalculateHtb dialoguetheprogramaddsoneofeachjunctiontypeinthejunctionlist, withthelengthatzeroandthe ψ-valuesettothatofthecorre-spondingaccrediteddetail. Thebuttonsatthebottomofthedialogueallowyouto Add,Edit and Delete junctions. The Flush buttoncanberemovedunusedjunctionsfromthestandardset.

Tousethe CalculateHtb dialogue:

1. Inthe ThermalBridging sectionselect EnterHTB valuemanually.

2. Clickthe Calculateit button. The CalculateHtb dialogueopens.

3. Edit the length ofeach junctionwhich is found in thedwelling, andadjust theψ-valueifnecessary.

4. Click Flush toremoveallunusedjunctions.

Toaddajunction:

1. Click Add. The Junction dialogueopens.

2. Selectthe Junctiontype fromthedrop-down.

3. Entera Description; thisisoptional, butaddingadescriptionwillmakeiteasiertomanagethecalculation.


4. Enterthe Achievedlinearthermaltransmittance: thisisthe ψ-value.

Theprogramwillofferstandardvaluesbasedonthejunctiontype.

5. Enterthe Detaillength, thetotallengthofthejunction, inmetres.

6. Setthe Sourceofvalue, whichwillbeoneof:

• TableK1: thevalueforanaccrediteddetailfromTableK1oftheSAP 2012document. Thevalueisbasedonthejunctiontypeandcannotbeedited.

• Accrediteddetail: Anaccrediteddetail froma sourceother thanTableK1.Thiscanbeusedforadetailaccreditedbyathirdpartyscheme.

• Notaccrediteddetail: usethisforacalculated ψ-value.

• Default: thevalueforthenon-accrediteddetailinTableK1. Thevalueisbasedonthejunctiontypeandcannotbeedited.

7. Click OK.Thejunctionisaddedtothe CalculateHtb dialogue.

A reportsummarisingthejunctiondatacanbeincludedinthecalculationoutputs(seesection 29.2).Therearetwoadditionalpointstonotewhenaddingjunctions:

• there isadistinctionbetween junctions toexposedwallsand junctions topartywalls: thelattercommonlyhavelower ψ-values.

• ifthedwellinghascurtainwallingthereisnoneedtoincludethelengthsofthewindowsurroundsasthethermalbridgingheatlosseswillhavebeenincludedintheoverallU-valueforthecurtainwallsystem.

User-calculatedyfactor

AnapproximatevalueforHtb canbeobtainedbymultiplyingthetotalareaoftheexposedelements(floors, wallsandroofs)byafactor, y. However, withtheintroductionofPartL 2013(England), PartL 2014(Wales)andSection62015(Scotland) themethodisnotvalidforbuildingregulationscompliancefornewdwellings.ThemethodmaybeusedfordwellingswheretheoriginalSAP 9.81or9.90calculationhasbeenupgradedtoSAP 9.92inordertolodgeanEPC.Touseauser-definedy-value:Thisproceduremaybeusedwhere y hasbeencalculatedforthattypeandconfigurationofdwelling. Touseacalculatedvaluefory:

1. Inthe ThermalBridging sectionselect Enteryvaluemanually.

2. Tick ImportedSAP 9.81/9.90forEPC issueonly

3. Enterthevaluefor y inthebox.

4. Enterareferenceforthecalculatedvalueof y inthe Calcref box. Thereferencemustrefertothecalculationusedtoobtainthestatedvalue.

IfyouchoosethisoptiontheprogramwillnotdisplaytheTER worksheetnortheCom-pliancereportasitispresumedyouareproducinganEPC forthedwelling, sowillnotrequirethosetwodocuments.


Defaultyfactor

Anapproximatevaluefor Htb mayobtainedbyusingthesimplifiedcalculationmethodwitha y factorof0.15: thisrepresentstheuseofdetailswhicharenotaccreditedcon-structiondetails, andwillgiveapoorresult.

Tousethismethodselect Notaccreditedconstructiondetails inthe ThermalBridgingsection. Nootherdataisrequired.

InScotlandthismethodisnotvalidfordwellingswithbuildingwarrants issuedonorafter1October2015. ItmayonlybeusedforlodgingEPCsfordwellingswhichhavetheoriginalbuildingwarrantissuedbefore30September2015.

21.3 Thermalmass

Therearethreemethodsforenteringdataonthethermalmassofthebuildingfabric:

1. Setthe κ-valueforallexposed, partyandinternalelements. Theprogramcalcu-latesthethermalmassparameter(TMP) fromthosevaluesandtheareasofthoseelements; theresultisdisplayedinthe TMP box.

Thisisthemostaccurateandstraightforwardmethod.

2. EnteraTMP valuewhichhasbeencalculatedelsewhere. Tick UserdefinedTher-malMassParameter thenenterthevalueinthe TMP box.

3. Useoneofthethreedefaultthermalmassparameters. Tick UserdefinedThermalMassParameter thenselectathermalmasscategoryfromthe Thermalmass dropdown(seeTable1eoftheSAP 2012documentfordefinitionsofthecategories).

22 Openings

Openingsinwallsandroofs–windows, doorsandrooflights–affectthreeaspectsoftheSAP calculation:

• Heatloss: assessedthroughtheU-value.

• Solargain: assessedthroughthegwindowvalue.

• Daylighting: assessedthroughthetypeofglazing.

Dataonopeningsisenteredusingthe Openings tabofthe SAP WorksheetValues dia-logue(Figure 22.1). Thetabliststhedwelling’swindows, doorsandrooflights, groupingthemaccordingtothebuildingelementintheysit. Youcanentereachopeningindividu-ally, oryoucangrouptheopeningsoneachfaceofthebuildingintoonearea, providedtheyhavethesameframeandglazingtype.

Thebuttonsbelowtheopeningslistallowyoutocreate, editanddeleteopenings. Foreachopeningthedataisenteredusingthe Doors, Windows&Rooflights dialogue(sec-tion 22.1).

Todefineanewopening:

1. IntheOpenings tabclickthe New button. The NewDoors, Windows&Rooflightsdialogueopens.

2. Enterthedatafortheopeningandclick OK.

Toduplicateanopening:

Duplicatinganopeningcreatesanewcopyoftheoriginalopeningwhichcanthenbeedited: asmostopeningswillsharethesameglazingandframetype, usingtheduplicatefacilitycanspeedupdataentry.

1. Inthe Openings tabselecttheopeningyouwanttoduplicate.

2. Clickthe Duplicate button. A copyoftheopeningiscreated.

3. Doubleclickontheduplicatedopeningtoeditit.

Toeditanexistingopening:

133

CHAPTER22. OPENINGS 134

Figure 22.1: TheOpeningstab

1. Doubleclickontheopeninginthelistinthe Openings tab. The EditDoors, Win-dowsandRooflights dialogueopens(alternatively, youcanselecttheopeningthenclickthe Edit button).

2. Makeyourchangesthenclick OK.

Todeleteanopening:

1. Selecttheopeninginthelistinthe Openings tab.

2. Clickthe Delete button. A confirmationdialogueappears.

3. Click Yes todeletetheopening, or No toretainit.

YoucanexportthesummarydataforallopeningstoanExcelspreadsheetbyclickingSendtoExcel.


Figure 22.2: TheEditDoors, Windows\&Rooflightsdialogue

22.1 Addingandeditingopenings

The Doors, Windows&Rooflights dialogue(Figure 22.2 isusedtoenterthedataabouttheopeningswithinthedwelling: thedialogueisheadedeither NewDoors, Windows&Rooflights or EditDoors, Windows&Rooflights). Thedialoguerequiresthefollowingdata:

• OpeningType: Usethedrop-downtoselectwhetheritisawindow, rooflightordoor.

• Openingwithin: Usethedrop-downtoselecttheelement(wall, roof)whichcon-tainstheopening. Thesoftwareusesthisinformationtocalculatethenetareasoftheelements. Theelementsofferedinthedrop-downwillonlybethoseappropriateforthe Openingtype.

Forexample, ifyouhaveset the Openingtype to Window, the Openingwithindrop-downwillshowonlywalls. Similarly, ifyouchose Rooflight, then Openingwithin willshowonlyroofelements.

• Glazing: Usethedrop-downtoselectthetypeofglazing, consideringthenumberofleavesofglass, thegaswithinthecavityorcavitiesandanylowemissivity(low-E)coating.


Evenifyougoontoenteramanufacturer’sU-valueand/orgwindowvalueyoumuststillmakeaselectionheretosetthecorrectparametersfordaylight.

• Ifyouhaveselectedarooflightatapitchoflessthan70ºtherewillbeanadditionalPitch boxwhichmustbecompleted. Itisenoughtogivethewindowpitchtothenearest5º.

• Double-glazingairgap: Usetheradiobuttonstoselectoneofthedefaultvaluesorenteryourownvalue. Ifthegapisgreaterthan16mmselect Other andenterawidthinthebox.

• Frametype: Usetheradiobuttonstoselecttheframematerialand, formetalframes,thedepthofthethermalbreak.

• SourceofU-value: therearethreeconfigurationsfortheU-valueandgwindowvalues:

– Default: the softwarewilluse thebuilt-invalues for theU-valueandsolartransmittancebasedon theglazing, doubleglazingairgapand frame typeselection.

– Manufacturer: youshouldenteraU-valuefortheopening, butthesolartrans-mittancewillbebasedontheglazingandframetype.

– BFRC data: youshouldenteraU-valueandsolarfactor(gwindowvalue). ThegwindowvaluemustbecertifiedbytheBritishFenestrationRatingCouncil.

• U-value: If sourceofU-value issettoDefault thisboxwillbegreyedout. OtherwiseenterthemanufacturersuppliedU-value.

• gwindowvalue: OnlyenteragwindowvalueinhereifitisBFRC certified, other-wiseleavethedefaultvalue.

• Area: Youcanentertheopeningareadirectlyintothe Area box, oryoucanselectasizefromthe Windowsize drop-down, oryoucanenterthe Width and Heightoftheopening.

Note: the Area isenteredinmetressquare, butthevaluesfor Width and Heightareenteredinmillimetres(mm). WherethereisanoverhangabovethewindowyoushouldusetheWidth and Height boxes, toensurethesoftwarecorrectlytakesaccountoftheovershadinginthesummeroverheatingcalculation.

• Description: TheDescriptionboxallowsyou toentera textdescription for theelement. Thedescriptiondoesnotaffecttheoutcomeofthecalculation. IfyouhavesetthesourceofU-valueto manufacturer or BFRC youmustenteradescription.

Westronglyrecommendyouusethedescriptionboxtoenterashortdescriptionforeveryopening, suchasitsnumberonthewindowanddoorschedule: itismucheasiertokeeptrackofopeningsinthecalculationwhenyouhaveadescription.

• Openingorientation: Thedirectioninwhichtheopeningfacesdetermineshowmuchlightitwillreceiveandwillthereforeaffecthowmuchsolarfluxwillpassthroughtheopening. Theorientationofanopeningissetrelativetothefronteleva-tionofthedwelling: usuallythatwhichcontainsthefrontdoor. Settheorientation


usingtheradiobuttons. Rooflightsalwaysface Top. Ifyouareunsurewhichwaythebuildingwillbefacingthenselect Unspecified.

Makesurethe Front elevationhereisthesameoneyouselectedinthe Buildingfaces drop-downinthe Dimensions tab.

• Overhang: Featuressuchasoverhangingbalconiesor brisesoleil willreducetheamountofsunlightfallingonanopeninginsummer, andsoreducethesolargain.Wherethereisanoverhangenterits Width and Depth, bothinmm. Thedepthismeasuredfromtheouteredgeoftheoverhangtotheexternalfaceoftheglazing.

• Blinds, curtainsandexternalshutters: Thesewillreducetheamountofsolargainandtheriskofoverheatinginsummer. Usethedrop-downtoselectthetypeofshadingandthensetthe Fractionofdaylighthoursclosed.

AppendixP oftheSAP documentationgivessomeguidanceofreasonableassump-tionsfortheseoccupant-determinedvalues.

• Overshading: Theextenttowhichtheskyisobscuredbytreesandneighbouringbuildingswilldeterminetheamountofsunlightandsolarfluxpassingthroughtheglazing. Set thedegreeofovershadingusing the radiobuttons. Select Averageorunknown ifyoucannotestablishtheamountofovershading. TheSAP guidancedisallowstheuseofthe Verylittle overshadingcategoryfornewdwellingsasitdoesnottakeaccountofconditionslikelytoapplyoverthewholelifeofthebuilding.

DefaultovershadingforopeningsYoucanusethe Defaults tabofthe Options dialoguetosetadefaultovershadingvalueforopenings.

22.2 Editingmultipleopenings

Changingthespecificationforopeningsoncetheyhavebeenaddedtoacalculationcanbeatimeconsumingprocess. JPA Designerhastwotoolstomaketheprocessquicker,byenablingyoutocopyingcertainpartsofthewindowdataforonewindowtootherwindowsinthedwellingorproject. Theonlydataitemscopiedtothewindowsare:

• Glazing.

• Doubleglazingairgap.

• Frametype.

• gwindowvalue.

Tocopyvaluesbetweenopenings:

1. Openonewindowinthe EditDoors, Windows&Rooflights dialogue(Figure 22.2).

2. Adjustthedataforthewindow, ifnecessary.


3. Clickoneoftwobuttons:

• Copythesevaluestoallthisbuilding’swindows: clickingthisbuttonsetsthewindowdataforallwindowsinthedwellingtothatthecurrentlyviewedwin-dow.

• Copy these values to all thebuildings in thisproject: clicking thisbuttonsetsthewindowdataforallwindowsinallthedwellingsintheJPA Designerprojecttothatthecurrentlyviewedwindow.

4. JPA Designerdisplaysaconfirmationdialogue. Click Yes tocarryoutthechanges,or No toignorethem.

Theoperationcannotbeun-doneautomatically.

Figure 22.3: The ChangeMultipleU-values dialogue

YoucanalsochangetheU-valuesofseveralopeningsatthesametime, withoutadjustinganyoftheothersettings:

1. Inthe Openings tabclickonthefirstopeningyouwanttochange. Pressandholdthe <Shift> keythenclickthelastopeningtochange. Thosetwoopenings, andalltheonesbetweenwillbeselected.

2. Click ChangeU-valueofselected.

3. Inthe ChangeMultipleU-values dialogue(Figure 22.3)enteranewU-valueandclick OK.TheU-valueswillbesettothenewvalue.

23 Waterheating

Figure 23.1: TheWaterheatingtab, showingsettingsforahotwaterstoragetank

SAP considerstheamountofenergyusedtoheatdomestichotwatersuchasthatusedforbathing, laundryanddishwashing. Thedemandforhotwaterisbaseduponthefloorareaofthedwelling. DataondomestichotwaterisenteredusingtheWaterheating tabofthe SAP Worksheetvalues dialogue(Figure 23.1).

Thefirststepistoselectthetypeofwaterheatingsystemusingthe Sourceofdomes-tichotwater drop-box. Onceyouhavemadeaselectiontheprogramwilldisplaytheappropriatedataentryfields. Thehotwatersourcesare:

• Hotwaterstoragetank.

• Instantaneouswaterheatingatpointofuse.

• Combinationboiler.

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CHAPTER23. WATER HEATING 140

• Communityheatingscheme.

• Multi-pointgaswaterheaterorheatexchangebuiltintoagaswarmairsystem.

• Boilerwiththermalstore.

• Combinedprimarystorageunit(CPSU).

• MicroCHP orHeatpump.

Use thisoption forheatpumpwithdata taken from theProductCharacteristicsDatabase(section 24.2. Forallotherheatpumpsuse Hotwaterstoragetank.

• Communityheatingschemeprovidingdomestichotwateronly.

23.1 Hotwaterstoragetank

Selectthissystemforthehotwaterwhichisheatedbythecentralheatingboilerorimmer-sioncoil, thenstoredinatankorcylinderreadyforuse(Figure 23.1). Enterthefollowingdataforthetank:

• Hotwatertankvolume: selectoneofthedefaultvaluesorentertheactualvolumeinthe Volume drop-down.

• Storagetankinsulation: usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofinsulation, thenenterits Thickness inmm.

• Declaredlossfactor: Usetheboxtoenteraheatlossfactorsuppliedbythetankmanufacturer, insteadofrelyingonthedefaultvaluesinSAP 2012.

Themeansofheatingthehotwatermustbespecifiedusingthe Hotwatertankheaterradiobuttons:

• Singleelectricimmersionheater: asinglecoilelectricimmersionheaterinthetank;

• Dualelectricimmersionheater: adualcoilelectricimmersionheaterinthetank:thiswillusuallybeassociatedwithanoff-peaktariff, inwhichcasetick Offpeakelectricityimmersionheaters.

• Boilerfeed: thisindicatesaheatsourcewhichalsoprovidesspaceheating, suchasanoilorgasboiler, oradefaultefficiencyheatpump. Theinitialpresumptionisthattheprimaryspaceheatingsystemwhichisprovidingthedomestichotwater,butthismaybemodifiedbyusingoneofthetickboxestoindicate:

– thehotwaterisprovidedbythesecondmainheatingsystem(see section 24.1);

– thehotwaterisprovidedbythesecondaryheatingsystem, whichmightbeasolidfuelroomheaterwithabackboiler(see chapter 25);

– adefaultefficiencyheatpumpissupplementedbyanimmersionheaterinthesummer.

• Hotwateronlyboiler: adedicatedunitwhichsuppliesdomestichotwateronly.Usethedrop-downtoselectthetypeofboiler, thenspecifythe Fuel.


Usethethreelowerboxestoindicatewhether:

• thehotwatertank(cylinder)isintheheatedspace;

• thereisathermostatinthehotwatertankorcylinder(thisisrequiredbytheDo-mesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuides);

• thereisaseparatetimerfordomestichotwater.

Usethe Primaryinsulation listtospecifytheextentofinsulationtotheprimarypipework(thepipeworkbetweentheheatsourceandthehotwaterstoragevessel).

NewinSAP 2012: insulatingpipeworkThecalculationofheatlossesfrompipeworkbetweentheheatsourceandwaterstoragetankorcylinderhasbeenrevised. Youmustnowspecifytheextentoftheinsulationtothatpipework–referredtoasthe primarypipework. Fullyinsulatedpipeworkwillperformbest, followedbyhavingallaccessiblepipeworkinsulated,thefirst1mofpipeworkinsulated, whileuninsulatedpipeworkhastheworstper-formance.

If thedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpaneldetails sectionofthe Waterheating tab(section 23.10).

23.2 Instantaneouswaterheatingatpointofuse

Forasystemwhichheatsthewateron-demandatthepointofuse, youneedonlyselectthe Fuel usingtheradiobuttons.

Figure 23.2: Enteringaninstantaneoushotwaterheater

23.3 Combinationboiler

Combinationboilersprovideheatingandhotwater: theymaybeinstantaneous(withupto15litresstorage), ortheymaycontainsmallprimaryorsecondarystoragetanks(seeAppendixB oftheSAP 2012documentfordefinitions). Usethe Combinationboilertyperadiobuttonstoselectthetype.Ifyouhaveselected Instantaneous thereisnofurtherdatatoenter. Foraboilerwithaprimary or secondary storeenterthefollowingdata:



Figure 23.3: Hotwateroptionsforcombinationboilers



If thedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpaneldetails sectionofthe Waterheating tab(see section 23.10).

23.4 Communityheatingscheme

Thehotwaterfordwellingsheatedbycommunityheatingschemescanprovidedbyim-mersionheatersorbyaheatexchangerfedfromthescheme. Inallcasesspecifythehotwatertankheater. Theremaybeadditionaldatarequired, dependingontheconfigurationofthesystem:

• Wherethereisneitherahotwater tanknoraheatexchangeinthedwellingnofurtherdataisrequired.

• Ifthereisahotwatertankwithinthedwelling:

– tick DHW cylinderwithindwelling;

– enterthetankdetails(section 23.1);


• Ifthereisnotankandthehotwaterisprovidedbyaheatexchanger: tick PlateheatexchangerinCommunityHeating;


– enterthevolumeoftheheatexchangerinthe Hotwatertank Volume box;

– entertheinsulationtypeandthickness;



Figure 23.4: Dataentryforgaswaterheatersorheatexchangers

23.5 Multi-pointgaswaterheaterorheatexchangebuiltintoagaswarmairsystem

Thisrepresentssystemswithonegas-firedwaterheaterprovidinghotwatertoanumberofoutlets, orawaterheaterwhichusesaheatexchangerbuiltintoawarmairheatingsystem. Enterthefollowingdata:




Usethethreelowerboxestoindicatewhether:


• thereisathermostatinthehotwatertank(cylinder)(requiredbyDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide);

• thereisaseparatetimerforthedomestichotwater.

Usethe Primaryinsulation listtospecifytheextentofinsulationtotheprimarypipework(thepipeworkbetweentheheatsourceandthehotwaterstoragevessel).


23.6 Boilerwiththermalstore

Use thisoption for thermal stores containingwaterheatedbya separateboiler, withdomestichotwaterprovidedbymeansofheatexchangerwithinthestore.

Enterthefollowingdataforthestore:


Figure 23.5: Dataentryforathermalstorehotwatersystem




Thehotwatertankheaterwillalwaysbe Boilerfeed.

Usetheradiobuttonsandtickboxestoindicatewhether:

• Thethermalstoreisintegratedorhotwateronly.

• Thethermalstoreisinanairingcupboard.

• Thethermalstoreisclosecoupled.

Closecoupledmeans thestore iseitherwithin thesamecasingas theboiler, orseparatedfromtheboilerbynomorethan 1.5m ofinsulatedpipework.

• Thereisaseparatetimertothethermalstorefortheheatingstore.

Usethethreelowertickboxestoindicatewhether:




Ifthedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpanel sectionofthe Waterheatingtab(see section 23.10).


Figure 23.6: DataentryforCPSU hotwatersupply

23.7 Combinedprimarystorageunit(CPSU)

A CombinedPrimaryStorageUnitprovideshotwaterbymeansofheatexchangerwithintheprimarystore. Enterthefollowingdataforthetank:




Usetheradiobuttonsanddrop-downstoindicate:

• whetherthe CPSU isinanairingcupboard;

• the winteroperatingtemperatureoftheCPSU;

• the sizeoftheCPSU cylinder.

Usethelowerboxestoindicatewhether:

• theCPSU asa separatetimerfortheheatingstore;






23.8 MicroCHP orheatpump

Usethisoptionforsystemsinwhichthehotwaterisprovidedeitherbyadomestic-sizedcombinedheatandpower(microCHP) systemorbyaheatpumpwithefficiencydatafromtheProductCharacteristicsDatabase (section 24.2). (If theheatpumphasbeenenteredusingthedefaultefficiencyfiguresinSAP and not theProductCharacteristicsDatabasethenyoushouldselect Hotwaterstoragetank asthesourceofdomestichotwater.)

ForamicroCHP systemtheonlyoptionsarewhetherthereis:

• asummertimeimmersionheaterforhotwater;

• ahotwatervesselwithinthemicroCHP system;

• aseparatetimerfordomestichotwater.

Forheatpumpthestandardmethodistoacceptthedatabasevalues, inwhichcaseitisonlynecessarytospecifywhetherthereis:

• asummertimeimmersionheaterforhotwater;

• ahotwatervesselwithinthemicroCHP system;

• aseparatetimerfordomestichotwater.

However, itispossibletooverridethevaluesbyticking Overrideheatpumpdatabasevalues. Thetabnowshowsthe Hotwatertank databoxes:




• Heatpumpheatexchangerarea: Entertheareaoftheheatexchangerplatesin m2.

Ifthedwellinghassolarpanelscompletethe Solarpanel sectionofthe Waterheatingtab(section 23.10).


Figure 23.7: Settingsforacommunityheatingschemewhichsuppliesonlydomestichotwater

23.9 Communityheatingschemeprovidingdomestichotwateronly

Usethisoptionforacommunityheatingschemewhichprovidesdomestichotwater, butdoes not providethespaceheating. Typically, suchsystemarefoundinflatsorshelteredhousing.

Tospecifyasystem:

• Setthe Sourceofdomestichotwater to Communityheating-domestichotwateronly (Figure 23.7).

• Setthe HeatSources forthesystem(section 23.9).

• Setthemethodof charging forthehotwatersupply, usingthedrop-down: thiswilleitherbeaflatratechargefortheheating, orwillbelinkedtohotwaterusage.

• Setthe distribution methodusingthedrop-down.

• Ifthereisasolarpanellinkedtothesystementeritsdetails(section 23.10).

• IfthereisahotwatertankorcylinderwithinthedwellingtickDHW cylinderwithindwelling: additionaldataboxeswillbedisplayedfor:

– Hotwatertankvolume: selectoneofthedefaultvaluesorentertheactualvolumeinthe Volume drop-down.

– Storagetankinsulation: usetheradiobuttonstoselectthetypeofinsulation,thenenterits Thickness inmm.

– Declaredlossfactor: Usetheboxtoenteraheatlossfactorsuppliedbythetankmanufacturer, insteadofrelyingonthedefaultvaluesinSAP 2012.

• Iftherehotwaterisprovidedbymeansofplateheatexchangers:


– Tickthebox Plateheatexchangerincommunityheating.

– Tick DHW cylinderwithindwelling.

– Enterthevolumeandinsulationdetailsoftheheatexchangersasthehotwatertank.

Heatsources

Figure 23.8: Settingaheatsourceforcommunityheating/hotwater

Communityheatingandhotwaterschemescanbefedbyavarietyofheatsourcesin-cludingconventionalboilers, heatpumps, combinedheatandpowersystemsandevengeothermal. The Heatsources boxliststhesourcesfordomestichotwater(Figure 23.7):sourcescanbeaddedandeditedusingthebuttonsnexttothebox:

• the New button, whichopensthe Heatsource dialoguereadyfornewdata;

• the Edit button, whichopensthe Heatsource dialogueshowingtheselectedheatsource.

• the Delete buttonwhichremovestheselectedheatsource.

The HeatSource dialogue(Figure 23.8)requires:

• thetypeofheatsource, selectedfromthe Heatsource drop-down.

• thefuel, selectedfromthe Fuel drop-down.

• theproportionofthetotalenergyloadprovidedbythatsource. Enterafractionbetween0and1inthe Heatfraction box.

• theefficiencyofthatheatsource. Enterasapercentageinthe Efficiency box.

Formostsourcestheefficiencywillbelessthan100, butforheatpumpstheeffi-ciencymaybeconsiderablyhigher.


23.10 Solarpanels

Solarpanelsusesunlighttopre-heatwaterforthedomestichotwatersystem. GuidanceonincludingsolarpanelsinthecalculationisgiveninAppendixH oftheSAP documen-tation. Wherepossibledatafromthepanel’stestcertificateshouldbeused.

Figure 23.9: Dataentryforsolarpanelwaterheating

NewinSAP 2012: solarpanelsInSAP 212theusageofsolarhotwaterisnowmodifiedbytheconfigurationofshowersinthedwelling. Thebestperformancecomeswithnon-electricshowersonly, whileelectricshowersonlywillbeworst. SAP 2012alsorevisedthecalcu-lationofoutputfromsolarhotwaterpanelsandhasintroducedthe secondorderheatlosscoefficient, a2, whichimprovestheaccuracyofresultsforpanelswithlessinsulation.

Whereadwellinghassolarpanels, specify:

• Thenet Apertureareaofsolarcollector, insquaremetres.

• The Zero-lossefficiencyofthecollector, η0.

• The heatlosscoefficient ofthecollector, a1

• The secondordercollectorheatlosscoefficient, a2.

• Thevolumeofthe dedicatedsolarstorage. SeefigureH2oftheSAP documentationfordefinitions.

• Whetherthereisa separatesolarcylinder.

• The solarcollectortype, usingtheradiobuttons.

• The pitch ofthepanels, measuredfromthehorizontal, andtheir orientation.

• Theamountof overshading onthepanels; generallythiswillbelessthantheover-shadingofwindowsfacingthesamedirection.

• Whetherthereisasolarpoweredpump. Thiswillreducetheamountofelectricityusedforpumpingwater.

• Theconfigurationof Showers.

DefaultovershadingforsolarpanelsYoucanusethe Defaults tabofthe Options dialoguetosetadefaultovershadingvalueforsolarpanels.

24 Primaryheating

Theprimaryheatingsystemisthemainheatingsystemforthedwelling, whichwilloftenprovidehotwateraswellasspaceheating; itisusuallynotbasedonindividualroomheaters. Dataontheprimaryheatingsystemisenteredusingthe Primaryheating tab(Figure 24.1).

Figure 24.1: Theprimaryheatingtabshowingtwomainheatingsystems

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CHAPTER24. PRIMARY HEATING 151

24.1 Dwellingswithtwomainheatingsystems

SAP 2012canaccount for theuncommoncaseofadwellinghaving twomainheat-ingsystems, whicharedesignedtoheatthehousetogether1. Thetwosystemsmaybeconfiguredtoheattheallthedwellingtogether, ortoheatpartsofitseparately.

Figure 24.2: Configuringadwellingwithtwomainheatingsystems

Tospecifytwoheatingsystems:

1. Tick Dwellinghastwomainheatingsystems. Theprogramnowdisplaysapairofradiobuttons, Mainheatingsystem1 and Mainheatingsystem2 (Figure 24.2).

2. With Mainsystem1 selected, entertheproportionofthedwelling’sspaceheatingdemandwhichisprovidedbythatsysteminthe Fraction box(thefractionshouldbeintherange0.0–1.0).

3. Ifbothsystemsheatthewholehousetickthebox Bothsystemsheatwholehouse.

Thisaffectsthetreatmentofthehotwatersystem.

4. Ifthesystemssharethesamepumptick System2usesSystem1’spump.

Thisaffectselectricityuseandheatgainsforpumps.

5. Specifythefirstsysteminthe Primaryheating tab.

6. Click Mainsystem2 andspecifythesecondsysteminthe Primaryheating tab.

Youcanalwaysswitchbetweenthesystemsusingtheradiobuttons: thelargenumberatthetoprightofthe Primaryheating tabindicateswhichofthetwosystemsyouareworkingon.

SettingthesecondsystemforhotwateronlyForlargehousestheremaybeadedicatedboilerorwaterheaterforhotwater. ThiscanbespecifiedinSAP 2012bysettinguptwoheatingsystemsandassigningthehotwateronlysystemassystem2. Thefractionforsystem1isthensetto1.00.Theninthe Waterheating tabsetthe Sourceofdomestichotwater to Hotwaterstorage tank. In the Hotwater tankheater section tick From2ndmainheatingsystem.

1Thisshouldnotbeconfusedwithsecondaryheatingappliances, suchasgasfiresorwood-burningstoves, whicharedesignedtoprovideadditionalheatforindividualrooms.


24.2 Efficiencydataforheatingsystems

Therearethreepossiblesourcesofefficiencydataforheatingsystems:

• defaultvaluesgiveninTable4oftheSAP 2012document.

• datafromtheProductCharacteristicsDataFile(thePCDF,seebelow): thisgivesthemostaccuratevaluesforspecificappliances.

• user-enteredefficiencies: thiscanbeusefulatthedesignstagewhennoappliancehasbeenspecified. User-enteredefficienciesmaynotbeusedforgasandoilboilersinfinal‘as-built’SAP calculationsandEPCs: thevaluesmustbereplacedbyPCDFfigures.

Forsomesystems(forexample, gas-firedwarmairsystems)onlythedefaultSAP 2012efficienciesmaybeused, whilstforothers(forexample, gascondensingboilers)anyofthethreesourcesisacceptable. NotethatheatpumpscanbespecifiedeitherusingthePCDF,orbyacceptingthedefaultefficiencies: microCHP systemscanonlybespecifiedbymeansofthePCDF.

TheProductCharacteristicsDataFile

TheProductsCharacteristicsDatabase(PCD) containsperformancedataforgas, oilandsolidfuelboilers, heatpumps, mechanicalventilationsystemsandsomerenewabletech-nologies(section 28.4). ThedatabaseismaintainedbytheBRE andarevisedversionofthedatabaseisissuedattheendofeverymonth.Toensureyouareusinganup-to-dateversionofthedatabase, JPA Designercheckstheissuedateeverytimeyoustarttheprogram: ifthedatabaseismorethanamontholdthesoftwarepromptsyoutodownloadthelatestversion. YoucanpromptacheckofthePCDF:onthe File menuclick Downloadandre-loadProductCharacteristicsDataFile.

Figure 24.3: UpdatingthePCDF

TheprocedureforupdatingthePCDF isthesameforautomaticormanualchecks:


1. Inthe ProductCharacteristicsDataFileDownload dialogueclick Startupdate. JPADesignerdownloadsthelatestdatafilesforSAP 9.90andSAP 9.92anddisplaysanUpdatecomplete message.

2. Click OK.

3. Attheinformationdialoguewhichasks Wouldyouliketoloadthenewdatabaseclick Yes. JPA Designerloadsthenewdatafile.

4. Click Close tofinishtheprocess.

ThedatainthePCDF canbeviewedathttp://www.ncm-pcdb.org.uk/sap/

SEDBUK efficiencies

OnemeasureofboilerefficiencyusedinSAP istheSEDBUK rating(SeasonalEfficiencyofDomesticBoilersintheUK).TherewasachangeinthecalculationmethodforSEDBUKefficiencyratingswiththeintroductionofSAP 2009whichresultedinageneralloweringofefficiencies. WhilstJPA Designerallowsyoutoentereither2005or2009SEDBUKratings, youshouldbeensureyoudonotenteravaluecompatiblewiththe2005ratingifyouhaveselectedthe2009rating; youmayfindyouhaveenteredavaluewhichcannotbeachievedbyanyboilerinthedatabase.

24.3 Themainprimaryheatingsystems

Therearesevenmaingroupsofprimaryheatingsystem2: thefollowingsectionsdescribehowtoenterdatafortheeachgroup. Inallcases(exceptcommunityheatingschemes),startbyusingthedrop-boxestosetthe:

• Group;

• Sub-group;

• System;

• Fuel;

• Heatingcontrols.

Alwaysworkfrom Group downwards, astheoptionsinthelowerdrop-boxeschangeaccordingtotheselectionsmadehigherup. Onceyouhavesetallthedropboxesyoushouldenteranyotherrequirementsforthattypeofheating, thenenteranyadditionaldata.

2Notethat none isnotanacceptableheatingoptionforanewdwelling.


Heatingcontrols

Theheatingcontrols for theprimaryheating system is setusing the Heatingcontrolslist. Thecontroloptionslistedwilldependonthe Group, Sub-group, System and Fuelsettings.TheSAP 2012documentcontainsdescriptionsofcontroloptionsinsection9.4. Broadlyspeaking, inJPA Designer, thecontroloptionstowardsthebottomofthelistwilldobetterthanthoseatthetopofthelist. Fordwellingswithafloorareagreaterthan 150m2 theheatingcontrolsmustincludetimeandtemperaturezonecontrols.

NewforSAP 2012: specifyingheatingcontrolsInSAP 2012itistheoreticallypossibletoselecttheheatingcontrolsfromthePCDF(see section 24.2), togivemoreaccurateresults. Thiswouldbedonebysettingthe Heatingcontrols thenusingthe select buttontotherightofthelisttoopentheHeatingControlsDatabase dialogue, thenselectingthe Manufacturer and Modelofcontrols. Atthetimeofwriting(20151102)therearenocontrolsinthedatabasetoselect.

Theefficiencyofsomeheatingsystemsmaybeimprovedbyloadorweathercompen-sators. Thesemaybespecifiedusingthe load, weather or enhancedloadcompensatorboxes.

NewforSAP 2012: specifyingcompensatorsInSAP 2012itispossibletoselecttheloadorweathercompensatorfromthePCDF(see section 24.2), togivemoreaccurateresultsusingthe Load/weathercompen-satorselect button, theninthe HeatingControlsDatabase selectingtheManufac-turer and Model ofcontrols.

Centralheatingsystemswithradiatorsorunderfloorheating

Thisgroupcoverswetcentralheatingsystemswithradiators, underfloorpipes, orfancoilunits, withtheheatcanbeprovidedbygas, oil, solidfuelorelectricboilers, heatpumpsormicroCHP units. Tospecifysuchsystems, set:

• the Group, Sub-group, System, Fuel, Heatingcontrols and Electricitytariff;

• the Heatemitters;

Tocombineunderfloorheatingonthegroundfloorwithradiatorsonthefirstfloorsetthe Heatemitters tooneoftheunderflooroptionsandtick Underfloorheatingalsohasradiators.

• theefficiencyoftheboiler(section 24.3);

• additionalitemssuchasheatingcontrols(see section 24.3)and:

– isthecentralheatingpumpinaheatedspace?

– isthecentralheatingpumpmanufacturedin2013orlater? Alwaysticktheboxforanewdwelling.

– foranoil-firedboiler, istheoilpumpintheheatedspace?

– is thereaboiler interlock? That is, thesystem isconfigured toprevent theboilerfiringwhenthereisnodemandforheat.


Boilerefficiency

Theefficiencyoftheboilerorotherheatsourcecanbeenteredinoneofthreeways.

Figure 24.4: UsingtheProductCharacteristicsDatabasetosettheboilerefficiency

TousethePCDF:

1. Selectthe Selectfromtheboilerdatabase radiobutton.

2. Click the Selectboiler button. The BRE BoilersDatabase dialogueopens (sec-tion 24.2).

3. Selectthe Boilermanufacturer fromthedrop-down. Theprogramthendisplaysthelistofavailableboilers.

4. Scrolldownthelistandclickonaboilertoselectit. Youcanscrollsidewaystoviewthedetailsofeachboiler, suchasitsefficiencyandconfiguration.

Youcanuse the Filters toensure theprogramshowsonlyboilersoveracertainefficiency, orwithaspecifiedmountingposition. Tickingandunpickingthe Filterboxactivatesanddeactivatesthefiltering.


Theprogramonlyshowsboilerswhichmatchthecriteriayouspecifiedusingthedrop-downsonthe Primaryheating tab. Asamanufacturerdoesnotnecessarilyofferaboilerineverycategorythedatabasemaynotdisplayanyboilers.

5. Clickthe Useselectedboiler button. The Boilerdatabase windowclosesandthePrimaryheating tabshowsthesummarydetailsforthechosenboiler.

Thereisnoneedtoenterflue, draught, orkeephotdetailsasallthatinformationispresentinthedatabaseentryfortheboiler.

ToenteraSEDBUK valuedirectly:

1. In the Boilerefficiency sectionselect the Usemanufacturer’sdeclaredSEDBUKvalue radiobutton.

2. Enterthe Make and Model ofboiler.

3. UsetheradiobuttonstospecifywhetheraSEDBUK 2005or2009valueisbeingusedandenterthe DeclaredSEDBUK value.

4. Specifythetypeandfuelofany Keep-hotfacility.

5. Setthe Flue and Draughttype.

6. Forrangecookersyoumustalsoenterthevaluesfor ϕcase and ϕwater.

NewforSAP 2012: boilerefficiencyItisnolongerpermissibletouseadirectly-enteredSEDBUK valueforfinal as-builtcalculationsforBuildingRegulationsapproval. A directly-enteredvaluemustbereplacedbyaboilerselectedfromthePCDF forthe as-built calculation.

Tousethedefaultvalue:

1. Inthe Boilerefficiency sectionselectthe Usedefaultvalue radiobutton. Thesoft-wareshowsthedefaultvalueforthatboilertype.

2. Usetheradiobuttonstoenterthedetailsofthe Flue and Draughttype.

3. Forrangecookersyoumustalsoenterthevaluesfor ϕcase and ϕwater.

NotethatthedefaultvaluesaregenerallytoopoortocomplywiththestandardsintheDomesticBuildingServicesComplianceGuide.


Storageradiatorsystems

Storageradiatorsystemsareheatedwithoff-peakelectricityduringthenightandreleasethatheatthroughouttheday. Formostconfigurations, theonlydatarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdropboxes.

NewforSAP 2012: highheatretentionstorageheatersSAP 2012has introducedanewcategoryof highheat retentionstorageheaterswhichcanbespecifiedusingthePCDF.

Tospecifyhighretentionstorageheaters:

1. Set:

• Group to Storageradiatorsystems;

• Sub-group to Off-peaktariff ;

• System to Highheatretentionstorageheaters;

• Fuel totheappropriatetariff.

• Heatingcontrols to Controlsforhighheatretentionstorageheaters.

2. At Sourceofefficiency click Selectfromtheproductdatabase.

3. Click Selectproduct. The BRE BoilersDatabase dialogueopens.

4. Selectthemanufacturerfromthe Brand list.

5. Clickonthemodelthenclick Addstorageheatertolist.

6. Inthe Quantity dialogueenterthe number ofthatmodelofstorageheater.

7. Ifthereisanothermodelofstorageheaterinthedwellingrepeatsteps4–6.

Notetherecannotbemorethanfivestorageheatersinthedwelling.

8. Click OK.

If youneed to removea storageheater from thecalculation, select it in the Selectedstorageheaters listthenclick Deleteselectedstorageheater.

Warmairsystems

Theheatforwarmairsystemsisprovidedbygas, oil, electricityorheatpumps. Formostsystemstheonlydatarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdropboxes.

IfyouarespecifyingawarmairsystempoweredbyacondensinggasheateroraheatpumpitispossibletouseefficiencydatafromthePCDF (see section 24.3 forguidanceontheprocedure).


Roomheatersystems

Thisgroupincludesroomheaterssuchasgasorsolidfuelfires3. Inmostcases, theonlydatarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdrop-boxes. However, wherethedeclaredefficiencyoftheheaterisknown. tickthebox Usemanufacturer’sdeclaredefficiencythencompletethe Make, Model and Declaredefficiency boxesandselectthe BS TestMethod usedtoobtaintheefficiency.

Otherspaceandwaterheatersystems

Electricceilingheatingiscurrentlytheonlysysteminthiscategory. Theonlydatare-quiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdropboxes.

Communityheatingscheme

Communityheatingschemesusecentralheatgeneratorstoheatwaterwhichisthencir-culatedthroughpipestosupplyspaceheatingandhotwatertomorethanonedwelling.Theheatmaybeprovidedbyanumberofdifferent systems, andcommunityheatingschemesmayoftenincludeCombinedHeatandPower(CHP) systems, whichwillpro-vide heat and generate electricity. AppendixC of the SAP 2012document containsfurtherinformationonthetreatmentofcommunityheatingschemesinSAP.

Figure 24.5: Dataentryforacommunityheatingschemewithtwoheatsources

TospecifyacommunityheatingschemeinJPA Designer:

• set Group to Communityheatingscheme. JPA Designerdisplaysthe Communityheating sectionofthe Primaryheating tab(Figure 24.5).

• settheheatsources;

• settheheatingcontrols;

• settheheatdistributionsystem.

Tosettheheatsources:3Someoftheoptionswillnotbeappropriatefornew-build, butareincludedforcompatibilitywiththe

ReduceddataSAP (RdSAP) usedforEPCsforexistingdwellings.


Figure 24.6: Settingaheatsourceforcommunityheating

• Clickthe New button: the Heatsource dialogueopens(Figure 24.6).

• Selectthetypeofheatsourcefromthe Heatsource drop-down.

• Selectthe Fuel fromthedrop-down.

Whenspecifyinga fuelwhich isnot listed, use the Special fuelname, emissionfactor and primaryenergyfactor toenteritsdetails.

• Settheproportionofthetotalheatloadprovidedbythatsource: enterafractionbetween0and1inthe Heatfraction box.

Thetotalheatfractionfromalltheheatsourcesmusttotal1.00.

• Enterthepercentage Efficiency oftheheatsource.

Notetheefficiencyshouldbeenteredasapercentage.

• ForaCHP systementertheheattopowerratio, whichwilltypicallybeinarangeof1.25–1.5.

• Click OK toclosethedialogue.

• Repeattheprocedureformultipleheatsources: usethe Edit and Delete buttonstoadjustorremoveheatsources.

Tosetthecontrols:

• Setthe Heatingcontrols andthe Electricitytariff.

Systemswhich relyonflat rate chargingwill usuallybe less efficient than thosewherechargingislinkedtouse.

Theheatdistributionsettingisusedtodeterminethedistributionlossesforthesystem.Youcaneither:

• Useadefaultvaluebasedonthetypeofpipesusedtocirculatehotwater: selectthepipeconfigurationfromthe Heatdistributionsystem list.

• Useacalculateddistributionlossfactorwhichisspecifictotheproject (thereisguidanceoncalculatingsuchalossfactorinAppendixC oftheSAP 2012docu-ment): select calculated fromthe Heatdistributionsystem list, thenenterthelossfactorintheneighbouringbox.


Electricunderfloorheating

Thisoptionreqpresentsunderfloorheatingsystemsbasedonelectriccablesinthefloorslaborintegratedintoflooring.

Theonlydatarequiredisthatfromtheprimaryheatingdropboxes.

24.4 Additionaldata

TherearetwoitemsofadditionaldatawhichthesoftwarecollectsforproducingtheEPCwhichappearonthe Primaryheating tab:

• Separatedconservatorywithfixedheater: Tickthisboxifthedwellinghasather-mallyseparatedconservatory(seeSAP guidancesection3.3.3forthedefinitionofthermallyseparated)whichhasafixedheaterwithinit.

• Dwellinginsmokecontrolarea: Thisboxisonlyrelevantifsolidfuelissetasthefuelfortheprimaryorsecondaryheating. Ifthedwellingiswithinasmokecontrolzonetheuseofhousecoalanddualfuelisnotpermitted, andwoodispermittedforanexemptedapplianceonly. Forfurtherinformationonsmokecontrolareasseehttp://smokecontrol.defra.gov.uk/index.php4. Ticktheboxifthedwellingiswithinasmokecontrolarea.

4Theredoesnotappeartobeacentralsourceonsmokecontrolareas: theonlymeansoffindingoutistocontactthelocalauthority.

25 Secondaryheating

A secondaryheatingsystemisanadditionalspaceheatingsystemforthedwelling: com-monexamplesaregasfiresorwoodburningstoves. Whereasecondarysystemispro-videditshouldbeincludedinthecalculation: guidanceonwhentoincludeasystemisgiveninApprovedDocumentL1A paragraph2.14. Thefractionofspaceheatingpro-videdbythesecondarysystemisdefinedintable11oftheSAP 20012document. Dataonsecondaryheatingisspecifiedusingthe Secondaryheating tab(Figure 25.1).

Figure 25.1: TheSecondaryheatingtab

Tospecifysecondaryheating:

1. Setthe Group drop-downto Roomheatersystems.

2. Selectthe Sub-group.

3. Selectthe System.

4. Selectthesecondaryheating Fuel.

Ifthesolidfuelroomheaterhasbeen approvedbyHETAS1 tickthebox. Thecalculationwillthenuseahigherdefaultefficiencyfortheheater.Wheretheactualefficiencyforasolidfuelheaterisknown, tickthe Usemanufacturer’sdeclaredefficiency boxthenenterthe Make, Model and Declaredefficiency. The BSTestMethod usedtoobtaintheefficiencyvalueshouldalsobeentered.

1HeatingEquipmentTestingandApprovalScheme.

161

26 Overheating

Figure 26.1: OverheatingdataontheOverheatingandcoolingtab

Dwellingsmustnothaveanexcessiveriskofhighinternaltemperaturesinsummerasaresultofsolargain. ThetestforoverheatingriskissetoutinAppendixP oftheSAP2012document; overheatingriskdependsonthepredictedamountofsolargainandthethermalmassofthedwelling. TheresultoftheoverheatingassessmentisshowninthemainSAP window: adwellingwithahighriskofoverheatingwillnotcomplywithregulations.

MostofthedataforthecalculationisenteredelsewhereintheSAP calculationfromdata,sotheonlyinformationrequiredisthe Effectiveair-changerate. YoucaneitherticktheEntervalue boxandenteradesignairchangerate, inairchangesperhour(ach), orusethe Building and Windowopening listtosetdefaultvalues.

SettingdefaultwindowopeningconditionsYoucanusethe Defaults tabofthe Optionsdialoguetosetthedefaultwindowopeningconditionfortheoverheatingtest. Thedropdownallowsyoutosettheopengintothesamestandardconditionsasthe Windowopening**listontheOverheating tab.

162

27 Cooling

Figure 27.1: Settingsforairconditioningsystems

TheenergyusedforspacecoolingmustbeincludedintheSAP 2009calculationwhen-everspacecoolingispresent. Thedataforthesystemisenteredinthe Overheating&cooling tab(Figure 27.1). The Cooledfraction: theproportionofthedwellingwhichisservedbythecoolingsystem. Thiscanbedeterminedbydividingthefloorareaofthecooledpartbythetotalfloorarea.

Theefficiencyofthesystemcaneitherbesettodefaultvaluesbysetting:

• Systemtype: Thesystemcanbe Splitormulti-split, or Packaged.

• Compressorcontrol: Thiscanbesetto On/off or Modulating.

• Energylabelclass: SelectA toG (with ND fornodata).

WheretheEnergyEfficiencyRating(EER) isknown, tickthe UserdefinedEnergyEffi-ciencyRatio andenterthevalueinthe EER box.

163

28 Renewablesandspecialfeatures

Figure 28.1: ThePhotovoltaicsandAlternativeTechnologiestab

SAP 20012takesaccountofthecontributionofcertainrenewablesourcesofenergyandsomeheatrecoverytechnologies, including:

• photovoltaicpanels(section 28.1);

• windturbineslinkedtoonedwelling(section 28.2);

• hydro-electricgenerators(section 28.3);

• wastewaterheatrecoveryunits(WWHRS) (section 28.4);

• fluegasheatrecoverysystems(FGHRS) (section 28.5).

164

CHAPTER28. RENEWABLES AND SPECIAL FEATURES 165

Thedataforallthosesystemsisenteredinthe PhotovoltaicsandAlternativeTechnologiestab(abbreviatedto PV &AltTech, Figure 28.1). Thattabisalsousedforenteringtheamountofanyadditionalenergygeneratedbyothermeans(section 28.6).

28.1 Photovoltaicpanels

Photovoltaicpanels(PV) generateelectricityfromsunlight. JPA Designerenablesyoutoincludethreedifferentsetsofpanel, whichmaybeatdifferentorientationsorpitches.ForblocksofflatsthebenefitsfromPV areappliedasfollows:

• wherethePV isconnectedtoanindividualflattheoutputcontributestoCO2 emis-sionscalculationsandratingscalculations.

• where thePV isconnected toalldwellings (usuallyby the landlordsupply) thebenefitisappliedCO2 emissionscalculations, butnottoratingscalculations. ThetotalPV rating–the PeakkW value–shouldbedividedbetweenthedwellingsinproportiontotheirtotalfloorareas.

Foreachinstallation:

1. Enterthe PeakkW ofthesystem(obtainthisvaluefromthemanufacturerorsup-plier);

2. Selectthe Pitch ofthepanels;

3. Selectthe Direction whichthepanelsface;

4. Selecttheamountof Overshading (whichislikelytobelessthanthatofanywin-dowsfacinginthesamedirection.);

5. IfthePV arrayisconnecteddirectlytotheelectricitysupplyofthedwellingtickConnectedtoelectricitymeter. DonotticktheboxforaflatwherethePV outputfeedtothelandlordsupply.

28.2 Windturbines

Theelectricitygeneratedbyawindturbineattachedtoabuildingoronamastwithinitscurtilage(grounds)canincludedintheSAP calculation. However, whereaturbinesupplies electricity tomore thanonedwelling, or is connected to adevelopmentbyprivatewire, theelectricitycannotbeincludedintheSAP calculation: seeAppendixM3oftheSAP 2012documentforfurtherdetails.

Tospecifyawindturbine:

1. Enterthe Numberofturbines.

2. Specifythe Rotordiameter inmetres.

3. Selectthetypeof terrain whichsurroundsthedwelling.


4. Enterthe height ofthehuboftheturbineabovetheridgeoftheroof, inmetres.

AspartoftheprocessofproducingtheimprovementrecommendationsforanEPC,JPADesignermustcalculatethenotionalbenefitgainedfrominstallingawindturbine. Youmustthereforespecifythe Terraintype evenifthereisnowindturbineonthedwelling.

SettingthedefaultterraintypeTheSAP modulealwaysrequiresaterraintypeforthewindturbinefordeterminingtheimprovementrecommendations, evenifthereisnowindturbine. YouusetheDefaults taboftheOptions dialoguetosetadefaultvaluefortheterrain, whichwillthenbeusedineverysubsequentSAP calculation. Forexample, youmayfindthatvirtuallyalltheprojectsyouworkoncanbeclassifiedas Low-riseurban/suburban.Youcanalwaysoverridethedefaultforcalculationswhichdonotfitthedefault.

28.3 Hydro-electricity

Theelectricity fromhydro-electricunitscanbe included in theSAP calculation, pro-videdthetotalamountgeneratedhasbeencalculatedandsignedoffbyanappropriatelyqualifiedengineer. Theamountofelectricity isentered in Hydro-electricgeneration(kWh/year). Whereelectricityissuppliedtoseveraldwellingsitshouldbeassignedinproportiontotheirfloorareas. SeeAppendixM4oftheSAP 2012documentforfurtherdetails.

28.4 Wastewaterheatrecoverysystems

Wastewaterheatrecoverysystems(WWHRS) useheatexchangerstorecoverheatfromtheheatedwaterpassingoutofthewastesofshowersandbaths. WWHRS areeither:

• Instantaneous, recoveringheatfromwastewaterfrommixershowersasitisdis-charged, inoneofthreeways1:

– SystemA:outputoftheheatexchangerisfedtoboththeshowerandthecombiboilerorhotwatersystem

– SystemB:outputoftheheatexchangerisfedtotheshoweronly

– SystemC:outputoftheheatexchangerisfedtothecombiboilerorhotwatersystembutnottotheshower

• Storage, recoveringheatfrommultipleappliancestoastorewhichthenpre-heatscoldwatertocombiboilerorhotwatersystem.

TospecifyinstantaneousWWHRS:

• Inthe PV &AltTech tabtick WWHRS andclickthe Lookup button. The WWHRDatabase dialogueopens(Figure 28.2).

1SeeFigureG1intheSAP 2012documentforillustrationsofthesesystems.


Figure 28.2: EnteringdataonWWHR systems


• Use the Manufacturer drop-down toselect themanufacturer, thenhighlight thespecifiedproduct in thelistandclick Selectassystem1. Repeat thisprocess ifthereisasecondsystem, butclick Selectassystem2.

• Enterthe totalroomswithshowerand/orbath.

• Foreachsystemspecifythenumberofmixershowerstowhichthesystemislinkedinroomswithabath andwithoutabath (donotcountinstantaneouselectricshow-ersinthenumberofmixershowers).

• Click OK.

TospecifystorageWWHRS:

• Inthe PV &AltTech tabtick WWHRS andclickthe Lookup button. The WWHRDatabase dialogueopens(Figure 28.2).

• Use the Manufacturer drop-down toselect themanufacturer, thenhighlight thespecifiedproductinthelistandclick Selectasstoragesystem.

• Inthe StorageSystem1 sectionenter:

– the Totalnumberofbathsandshowers

– the NumberofbathsandshowerswhosewastewaterisroutedthroughtheWWHRS.

– the DedicatedWWHRS storagevolume inlitres.

• Click OK.

28.5 Fluegasheatrecoverysystems

Fluegasheatrecoverysystems(FGHRS) recoverheatfromthecombustionproductsofcondensingboilerstopre-heatthedomestichotwatersupply. TospecifyFGHRS:

1. Tick FGHRS andclickthe Lookup button. The FGHRS database dialogueopens(Figure 28.3).

2. Selectthe Manufacturer.

3. Selectthetypefromthe Available list.

4. Click OK.

WheretheFGHRS hasaphotovoltaicarrayfeedingdirectlyintoaclosecoupledstorethePeakkW, Pitch, Direction and Overshading ofthePV arrayshouldbesetinthe FGHRSPV Module section.


Figure 28.3: Thefluegasheatrecoverysystems(FGHRS) database

28.6 Otherallowablegeneration

TherearesomesourcesofelectricitywhichcannotbeincludedinthecalculationsforBuildingRegulationscompliance, butcanbeincludedforothercalculations, particularlythosetodemonstratezerocarbonhomesstatus, CodeforSustainableHomeslevel6, andfortheNorthernIrelandlowandzerocarbonhomesscheme.

Electricity fromsuchsourcesshouldbeenteredinthebox Additionalallowableelec-tricitygeneration forbox (ZC6). ZC6 is theboxnumberon thezerocarbonhomescalculation(seesection16oftheSAP 20012document). Electricitygeneratedbywindturbineslinkedtoadevelopmentbyprivatewiremaybeenteredhere.

28.7 Specialfeatures

SAP 2012includesaprocedure for includingnewtechnologies incalculations in theintervalsbetweenrevisionsoftheSAP.TheAppendixQ procedure(whichisnamedaftertheappendixoftheSAP documentinwhichitisdescribed)mayonlybeusedforprod-uctswhichhavebeen independentlyassessedandare listedon theAppendixQ websiteathttp://www.ncm-pcdb.org.uk/sap/page.jsp?id=18. Thewebsitehasacalculationspreadsheetforthevariousproducttypes2 and, insomecases, datasheetsforindividualproducts.

ToincorporateatechnologyusingtheAppendixQ procedure:

1. CarryouttheSAP calculationasnormal.2There are separate spreadsheets for different versions of SAP:make sure you use the appropriate

version.


2. CompletethetheappropriateAppendixQ spreadsheet: thismayrequireinforma-tionontheproducttakenfromadatasheet, andmayinvolvechangestotheSAPcalculation. TheAppendixQ spreadsheetwillcontaininstructionsspecifictothecalculation.

3. Transfertheresultsfromthespreadsheettothe Specialfeatures sectionofthe Pho-tovoltaicsandAlternativeTechnologies tab(Figure 28.1), entering:

4. abrief Description ofthetechnology.

5. the Energysaved figure, usingthedrop-downtoselectthe Typeoffuelsaved.

6. the Energyused figure, usingthedrop-downtoselectthe Typeoffuelused

WherethereismorethanoneAppendixQ technologyusethe New and Edit buttonstoaddthosetechnologiestothecalculation.

Note that all the technologieswhich requiredAppendixQ withSAP 9.81canallbeentereddirectlyinJPA DesignerinSAP 2012.

29 Complianceandreports

OnceyouhaveenteredallthedataforthedwellingyoucancheckitscompliancestatusandproduceworksheetsandcompliancereportsasPDFsorinhardcopy.

29.1 Checkingcompliance

OncetheprogramhasenoughdatatocompleteaSAP calculationitwillshowthecal-culationresults–includingtheTER andDER –anddisplay pass (green)or fail (red)inthecompliancezone atthebottomrightcornerofthemain SAP window. Ifthedwellingfailsyoucanholdyourcurseroveroverthe compliancezone andthesoftwarewilldisplayatool-tipwillshowtheprimarycauseoffailure(see Figure 18.2).

YoucanseeamoredetailedreportonthecompliancestatusontheComplianceChecklistwhichliststhemaincriteriatheSAP moduletestsandshowsthestatusofthedwellingagainsteachone. Thecompliancecheckwindowisparticularlyusefulwhenthedwellinghasfailedononeofthesecondarycriteria, suchastheefficiencyofheatingcontrols, orexcessivelossesfromthehotwatercylinder.

Toopenthecompliancechecklistdoubleclickonthe Compliancezone oronthe Viewmenuclick Compliancechecklist. Youcanusethetabsatthebottomofthe ComplianceChecklist toviewallthecalculationworksheetsandreports.

JPA Designerchecks:

1. TheTFEE andTER statusforEnglandandTER statusforWalesandScotland.

2. Backstopvaluesforfabricandservicesincluding:

• maximumpermissiblefabricU-values;

• maximumpermissibleairleakagerates;

• designlimitsforfixedbuildingservices.

3. Summeroverheating.

171

CHAPTER29. COMPLIANCE AND REPORTS 172

Figure 29.1: TheSectionsToPrintdialogueforSAP 2012

29.2 OutputtingSAP results

Youcanprint theresultsofSAP calculationsorproduceaPDF filewhich is ideal foremailing. Theresults1 caninclude:

• SAP worksheet: theworksheetfortheSAP calculation. ThefigureshereareusedintheEPC.

• SAP worksheetforimproveddwelling: theSAP calculationwithEPC recommen-dationsimplemented.

• TER worksheet: theworksheetfortheTER calculationforthenotionaldwelling.

• DER worksheet: theworksheetfortheDER calculationfortheactualdwelling.

• FEE worksheet: theworksheetfortheDFFE calculationforthedwelling.

• Standardcase: theSAP worksheetfortheCSH Ene7standardcase. ThisisnolongrelevantandtheCSH isbeingabandoned.

• TFEE:theworksheetforthenotionaldwellingfabricenergyefficiency.

• Heatdemand: worksheet for thecalculationofspaceandwaterheatingenergydemand. TheresultsareusedintheEPC

• EPC costs: worksheetforthecalculationofEPC costs, emissionsandprimaryen-ergy.

• Inputdata: areflectionoftheinformationyouhaveenteredintothesoftware.1Because thecalculations in thevariousworksheetsarebasedonslightlydifferentassumptions for

climateandheatgainstheresultswilldiffer, evenforthesamedwelling.


• Regulationschecklist: showsthecompliancestatusofthedwellinginachecklistwhichfollowsthecriteriainApprovedDocumentsL1A 2013(England)andL1A2014(Wales)andSection6oftheScottishTechnicalStandards(2015).

• Summeroverheating: resultsoftheoverheatingassessment.

• Energyperformancecertificate(EPC):adraftenergyperformancecertificate. AstheSAP 2012EPCsareproducedbytheLandmarkorEST registersJPA DesignerisnolongerabletoproduceadraftEPC.

YoumustbeamemberofanappropriateaccreditationschemetoproduceafinalEPC –seetheseparateguidancedocumentforinstructions.

• Predicted EnergyAssessment (PEA): the energy assessment required for off-plansales.

• Assessment of ZeroCarbonHome: a calculation of the total emissions from adwelling, includingemissionsassociatedwithappliances.

• CodeforSustainableHomes: acalculationofitemsEne1, Ene2andEne7. Again,isislargelyredundant.

• Htbvalues: calculationoflinearthermalbridgingforthedwelling.

TocreateaPDF fileoftheresults:

1. Fromthemenubarselect File>CreatePDF.A dialogueasksifyouwanttoopenthePDF whenitiscreated.

2. Select Yes or No. The SectionsToPrint dialogueopens(Figure 29.1).

3. Usethetickboxestoselecttheoutputsyouwanttoproduce.


5. Usethebuttonsonthetoolbartoviewsuccessivepagesoftheprintout, thenclickthe Print buttontoprintthepages(Figure 12.2). TheprogramwillthencreateaPDF fileofthecalculation.

ThenameofthePDF filewill includetheJPA Designerfilenameandthecalcu-lationname, sothecalculation Plot28 inaproject TheMeadows willbecalledTheMeadows.JDPtilehungwall.Plot28.PDF.Thefilewillbesaved intotheJPADesignerprogramfolderorinthestart-upfolderyouhavespecified.

Note: asWindowsdoesnotallowcertaincharacterstobeusedinfilenamesyoushouldensurethecalculationnamesinJPA Designerdonotcontainthosechar-acters, otherwisePDF creationwillfail. Therestrictedcharactersare‘/\ : *? >|.

Toprinttheresults:

1. Select File>Print fromthemenubar(orclickthe Print buttononthetoolbar). TheSectionsToPrint dialogueopens((Figure 29.1).


2. Usethetickboxestoselecttheoutputsyouwanttoproduce.


4. Usethebuttonsonthetoolbartoviewsuccessivepagesoftheprintout, thenclickthe Print buttontoprintthepages(Figure 12.2).

Youcanchangetheprintersettingsbyselecting File>Printersetup fromthemenubar.

30 Multipledwellings

Figure 30.1: TheSAP windowforamultipledwellingscalculation

Thecomparativecompliancemethodsspecifiedin. ApprovedDocumentL1A canmakeitmoredifficultformid-floorflatsandmid-terracehousestopass, evenwiththesamefabricandservicesstandardsasgroundandtop-floorflatsanddetachedhouses. Themultipledwellingcalculationallowsyou to test thecomplianceonawholeblockorterraceusingaverageTFEE/DFEE andTER/DER valuesforthedwellingswhichcomprisetheblockorterrace. Themultipledwellingscalculationenablesend-terracehousesorgroundandtopfloorflatstocompensateformid-floorflatsormid-terracehouses.JPA Designerincludesa multipledwelling featuretocarryouttheaverageTER andDERcalculations. The MultipledwellingsSAP window(Figure 30.1)hastwopanes: theleft-handone(labelled AvailableSAP V99Dwellings)listsalltheSAP 9.92dwellingswithintheprojectwhichareeligibleforinclusioninthemultipledwellingscalculation. Theright-handpane(labelledDwellingsinthismultipledwelling)listsallthedwellingswhicharecurrentlyincludedinthemultipledwellingscalculation.The Add and Remove buttonstransferselecteddwellingsbetweenthepanes. Theresultsofthemultipledwellingscalculationareshownbelowthepanes, togetherwiththecom-pliancestatus. Inordertopassthe AverageDFEE and AverageDER mustbeequaltoorlessthanthe AverageTFEE and AverageTER respectively.

175

CHAPTER30. MULTIPLE DWELLINGS 176

Tocarryoutamultipledwellingcalculation:

1. CarryoutnormalSAP calculationsfor all theunitsintheblock.

2. Onthe ProjectManagerInsert menuclick Dwelling > SAP (v9.92)2012calcula-tion > Multipledwelling.

3. Typeanameforthecalculationinthe Description dialogue, e.g. BlockB allflats,andclick OK.Thenewcalculationisaddedtotheproject.

4. In ProjectManager, doubleclickonthenewcalculation. The MultipledwellingsSAP windowopens(Figure 30.1).

5. Clickonadwelling in the Available SAP v99Dwellings pane to select it, thenclickthe Add button. Thedwellingistransferredtothe Dwellingsinthismultipledwelling pane.

6. Repeatthepreviousstepuntilyouhaveallthedwellingsyouneedintheright-handpane.

Ifyouneedtoremoveadwellingfromthemultipledwellingcalculationsimplyselectitandclickthe Remove button.

YoucanprinttheresultsofmultipledwellingcalculationsandproducePDFsbyfollowingtheproceduresin section 29.2.

PartVI

ImportingdwellingdatafromIES VirtualEnvironment

177

31 OverviewofVE import

TheIES VirtualEnvironmentsoftware(VE) canbeusedtodemonstratePartL compliancefornon-domesticbuildingsaccordingtoApprovedDocumentL2A butdoesnotdirectlyaddresscompliancefordwellings. Instead, VE processesthedatafordwellingsintoaformatwhichtheJPA DesignerSAP modulecanimport. JPA DesignerthencreatesaSAPcalculationforeachofthedwellings, whichcanthenbeusedtodemonstratecompliancewithPartL.

Therearethreestagestotheimportprocess:

1. CreatingthemodelinVE.Whilethisformostpartfollowsthestandardmethodsformodelling inVE, there are several additional pointswhich are explained inchapter 32).

2. SendingthedatafromVE toJPA Designer(see chapter 33).

3. FinalisingcalculationsinJPA Designerandcheckingcompliance. Thisstepisre-quiredbecausethedataformatsforbuildingservicesdifferbetweenVE andtheSAPmethodology. chapter 34 describestheadditionaldatarequiredinJPA Designer.

Theimportprocessisparticularlyusefulforapartmentblocks, includingschemeswherepartofablockfallsunderApprovedDocumentL2A andpartunderL1A.

NotethattheproceduredoesnotmakeanychangestotheVE model.

178

32 PreparingaVE modelforSAP

TheVE modelisdefinedinthenormalwayinModelIT,withthegeometryandconstruc-tions. A modelmayincludeoneormoredwellingsandmayalsoincludenon-domesticspacesformixeduseschemes.

Oncethemodelhasbeenconstructedtherearetwoadditionalsettingsrequiredfortheconversionprocedure:

• assigningroomstodwellingsusingtheUK dwellingsroomgroups;

• identifyingthedwellinglivingarea.

32.1 Definingdwellingswithroomgroups

Figure 32.1: SettingtheregulationstoUK Dwellingsforexport

Figure 32.2: Addingroomgroups

PriortoexporttheroomsineachdwellinghavetobeassignedtotheappropriatedwellingintheUK Dwellingsroomgroupingscheme. Todefinedwellings:

1. Savetheprojectandswitchtothe VE Compliance(UK &Ireland) module.

2. Onthetoolbarsetthe Regs listto UK Dwellings (see Figure 32.1). VE nowaddsanewroomgroupscheme: UK Dwellings.

179

CHAPTER32. PREPARING A VE MODEL FOR SAP 180

Figure 32.3: Theassignbuttonforassigningroomstoaroomgroup

3. Clickthe EditRoomGroups button.

4. Inthe EditRoomGroups dialoguecreatearoomgroupforeachofthedwellingsinthemodelinthe UK Dwellings scheme: Clicktheplusbuttontoaddroomgroupandassignitaname(Figure 32.2).

5. Selecttheroomswhichcomprisethefirstdwelling.

6. Clickthe Assign button(Figure 32.3).

7. Inthe AssignRoomGroup dialoguemakesurethe RoomGroupingScheme issetto UK Dwellings, thenselectthegroup(dwelling). ClickOK.

8. Repeatthepreviousthreestepstoassignroomstootherdwellings.

Onceyouhaveassignedalltheroomsyouintendtoexport(whichmaywellonlybeafractionoftheroomsinthemodel)youcanreviewtheassignmentsbysettingtheRoomgrouplistto UK Dwellings.

32.2 Identifyingthedwellinglivingarea

Figure 32.4: Definingthelivingarea

For SAP calculations one part of the dwelling is defined as the living area (see sec-tion 19.2), whichisheatedtoaslightlyhighertemperaturethantherestofthedwelling.Beforeexport, youmustidentifytheroom, orrooms, withineachdwellingwhichwillbetreatedasthelivingareainJPA Designerbychangingthe Roomtype from Heatedspace(thestandardsettingforroomsinadwelling)to Dwellinglivingarea.Foreachdwelling:

1. Selecttheroom(s)whichwillformthelivingarea.

2. Inthe Roomsettings sectionsetthe Roomtype toDwellinglivingarea (Figure 32.4).

33 ExportingfromVE

IntheexportprocessVE createsaseveralfilescontainingthegeometrydataforthese-lecteddwellingsandpassesthemtoJPA Designer, whichthenimportsthedataandcre-atesaSAP calculationforeachdwelling. DuringimportstageJPA Designerofferstwooptionswhichaffecttheimportformat:

• theSAP version, and

• howindividualelementsoftheVE modelaretreated.

33.1 SAP version

Currently, therearetwodifferentversionsofSAP inuseacrosstheUK:

• SAP V9.90(2009): thisversionisvalidforScotland(untilOctober2015)andforNorthernIreland.

• SAP V9.92(2012): validforEnglandtoPartL 2013, andforWalestoPartL 2014.SAP V9.92willbeusedinScotlandfromOctober2015, althoughitmaybeusedforpreliminarycalculationspriortothatdate.

33.2 Consolidationofelements

VE defineseachboundingsurfaceofaroomasaseparateelement, potentiallyproducingalargenumberofelementsintheJPA DesignerWalls, roofsandfloors tab. JPA Designercanreducethenumberofelementsbyconsolidatingelementsofthesametypeintooneelementwithanareaequal tothetotalareaof theoriginals. Therearethreewaysofimportingelements:

• EachelementinVE becomesanelementinJPA Designer. Thisone-to-onecorre-lationproducesalargenumberofelementsinthe Walls, roofsandfloors tab, butallowsindividualelementstobetrackedbetweenthetwoprograms.

• All theVE fabricelementsofthesametypewithina room areconsolidatedintooneelementinJPA Designer. Forexample, ifaroomisboundedbytwointernalpartitionelementsofthesameconstructionwithareasof10and 15m2 theninJPADesignertherewillbeoneinternalwallelementwithanareaof 25m2. ThisoptionreducesthenumberofelementsinJPA Designerwhileallowingboundingelementsofroomstobedistinguished.

181

CHAPTER33. EXPORTING FROM VE 182

• AlltheVE fabricelementsofthesametypewithina dwelling areconsolidatedintooneelementinJPA Designer. Forexample, alltheinternalpartitionelementsofthesameconstructionwithinallroomsofthedwellingwillbeconsolidated. ThisminimisesthenumberofelementsproducedinJPA Designer, makingiteasiertoseetheoverallpictureandtoadjusttheU-valuesofelementswhenrequired.

However, nomatterwhichconsolidationoptionischosen, JPA Designerdoesnotcon-solidatewallelementswhichcontainopenings.

33.3 Theexportprocedure

Figure 33.1: Startingtheexportprocess

Figure 33.2: TheIES ImportOptionsdialogue

Toexportadwellingorsetofdwellings:

1. InVE,intheUK Dwellings-Analysis tabclick CompareDwellingandTargetEmis-sionrates (Figure 33.1).

2. Atthe IES ImportOptions dialogue(Figure 33.2):

a) SelecttheversionofSAP whichyouwanttobeusedtocreatetheSAP calcu-lation.

b) Selecttheconsolidationmethod.

c) ClickOK.

CHAPTER33. EXPORTING FROM VE 183

3. Theimportiscompleted.

Youmayseeawarningabouttheboilerdatabasebeingoutofdate. Youcanignorethewarningatthisstage. Thereareinstructionsforupdatingtheboilerdatabaseat

4. JPA Designerdisplaysthe Description dialogue(see Figure 3.5). Eitheracceptthesuggestednameforthecalculation(whichisderivedfromtheVE filename), ortypeyourownandclick OK (see section 3.7 formoredetailsaboutaddingcalculationstoprojects).

5. A SAP calculationiscreatedforeachdwelling, andislistedintheJPA DesignerProjectManager window.

34 Completingthecalculation

BecauseofthedifferencesindatastructurebetweenVE andSAP theexportprocessdoesnottransferalltheinformationrequiredforaSAP calculation, theadditionaldatahastobeentered tocomplete thecalculation. This section identifies theadditionaldatarequired.

34.1 Dwellingdimensions

ForEnglandandforWalestheonlyadditionaldatarequiredinthe Dimensions tabisthefractionoflowenergylighting. Enterthe totalnumberoflamps andthenumberof lowenergylamps. Lightingconventionsaredescribedin section 19.3.

Inaddition, forScotland, thenumberofdwellingsaboveandbelowaflatormaisonettearealsorequired. Thesevaluesareenteredinthe Numberofdwellingsabove and Num-berofdwellingsbelow boxes(see section 19.5).

34.2 Ventilation

Mostofthedatainthe Ventilation tabhastobeenteredinJPA Designer, including:

• Pressuretestingdetails;

• Ventilationstrategy; and, whererelevant,

• Ventilationefficiencydata.

Ventilationdataisdescribedin chapter 20.

34.3 Walls, roofsandfloors

Therearethreesetsofdataforthebuildingfabricwhichareenteredinthe Walls, roofsandfloors tab:

• ElementareasandU-values:TheseareimportedfromVE.TheonlytimefurtherdatawillberequiredisiftheU-valueofanelementhastobeadjustedtotakeaccountoftheeffectofanadjoiningunheatedspace. Thiscanbedoneusingtheproceduredescribedin section 21.1.

184

CHAPTER34. COMPLETING THE CALCULATION 185

• Thermalmassdata: ThisiscurrentlynotexportedfromVE sohastobeenteredinJPA Designer. Thesimplestmethodistosetthe ThermalMassParameter tooneofthedefaultvaluesofferedinthe Thermalmass list:

– Tick UserdefinedThermalMassParameter.

– Setthe ThermalMass to low, medium or heavy.ThosecategoriesaredefinedinTable1eoftheSAP 2012document.

• Junctionheatlossdata: thisiscurrentlynotimportedfromVE.Itshouldbeenteredeither:

– usingthedefaulty-valueof0.15forthedwelling; or,

– byenteringthelengthandpsi-valueforalljunctionsinthedwellingusingtheCalculateHtb dialogue, whichisaccessedfromthe Calculateit button.

34.4 Openings

Figure 34.1: The Copy buttonsforopenings

Theimportprocessbringsinmuchofthedataaboutopenings. Foreachopeninginthedwellingthatincludes:

• theelementtheopeningbelongsin;

• itsarea;

• itsU-value;

• theglazingtype.

Theremainingdata, whichhastobeenteredinJPA Designer, is:

• theframetype;

• thewidthoftheairgapindoubleglazing;

• the g-windowvalue (ameasureof the transmissionof solar energy through theglazing).

• theovershading;

• dataonblinds, curtainsandinternalshutters.


Assettingtheseitemscanbetime-consuming– particularlyifyouareworkingonseveraldwellingsatthesametime–therearetwobuttonsinJPA Designerwhichallowyoutocopysettingsfromoneopeningto:

• alltheotheropeningsinthesamedwelling; or,

• alltheotheropeningsinthesameproject.

Thebuttons are found at thebottomof the Doors, windows and rooflights dialogue(Figure 34.1.

Figure 34.2: Importstatusforthesectionsofthe Doors, windowsandrooflights dialogue.SectionsinblueareimportedfromVE.Sectionsinredneedtobechecked. Thesectioningreencontainsthe Copy buttons.

Toentertheadditionaldataonopenings:

1. Inthe Openings tabdoubleclickononeofthelistedopenings. The Doors, Win-dowsandRooflights dialogueopens(Figure 34.2).

2. Thefollowingitemswillalreadybecompleted: Openingtype, Openingwithin,Glazing, U-value, Area, Openingorientation. Thereisnoneedtochangetheval-ues.


3. Setthe Doubleglazingairgap andthe Frametype.

4. Checkthe g-windowvalue, whichisusuallydefinedautomaticallyfromthe Glaz-ing. Ifyouhavespecificvaluesfortheprojectsetthe SourceofU-value to BFRCdata andenterag-windowvalue.

5. The Overshading (whichis theextenttowhichtheskyisobscuredbytreesandneighbouringbuildings)maybeleftat Averageorunknown: youneedonlyadjustthisifthedegreeofovershadingisgreater.

Youshouldneverreducetheovershadingto Verylittle foranewdwelling: thereisnowayoftellingthiswillbethecasethroughoutthelifeofthedwelling.

6. The Blinds, curtains and external shutters settings affect the amount solar fluxreachingtheinsideofthedwelling. Adjustingthesettingscanreducetheriskofsolargain. However, unlessinitialanalysisindicatesthereisasignificantriskofoverheatingthereisnoneedtoinsertingthisdata.

7. Withthechangesmadeclickeither Copythesevaluestoallthisbuilding’swindowsor Copythesevaluestoallthebuildingsinthisproject.

8. ClickOK.

34.5 Buildingservices

TheparametersforbuildingservicesaredifferentinVE andSAP,soyoumustenterbuild-ingservicesdatainJPA Designer, followingtheguidanceintheSAP sectionofthisman-ual:

• Waterheating: chapter 23.

• Primaryheating: chapter 24.

• Secondaryheating: chapter 25.

• Overheating: chapter 26.

• Cooling: chapter 27.

• Renewables: chapter 28.

34.6 Checkingcompliance

Onceyouhaveenteredallthedataforthedwellingyoucancheckitscompliancestatus.Theprogramwilldisplay pass (green)or fail (red)inthe compliancezone atthebottomrightcornerofthemain SAP window. Ifthedwellingfailsyoucanholdyourcurseroveroverthe compliancezone andthesoftwarewilldisplayatool-tipwillshowtheprimarycauseoffailure(see Figure 18.2).Clickonthe compliancezone toopenthe ComplianceChecklist whichliststhestatusofthedwellingagainsteachofthecriteriadefinedinApprovedDocumentL1A.Thisisparticularlyusefulwhenthedwellinghasfailedononeofthesecondarycriteria, suchastheefficiencyofheatingcontrols.Youcanusethetabsatthebottomofthe ComplianceChecklist toview:


• theSAP worksheet;

• theTER worksheet;

• theDER worksheet;

• theOverheatingriskassessment.

Once you have reviewed the results you can thenmake changes to the calculation.Changes to thebuildingservicescanbecarriedoutwithin JPA Designer. Changes tothebuildinggeometryshouldbemadeinVE andthenre-importingthedwellingintoJPADesigner.

OnexportingthedwellingasecondtimeJPA Designerwillgiveyouanoptiontoeitherre-importthedataintotheselecteddwellingorcreateanewdwelling.

34.7 Reportingresults

YoucanprinttheresultsofSAP calculationsorproduceaPDF filewhichcanbeopenedonanycomputerwiththefreeAdobeReadersoftwareinstalled; PDF filesareidealforemailing. ForbothprintandPDF youcanselectwhichpartsoftheresultsyouwanttoincludeinyouroutput.

35 Exportingseveraldwellingsatonce

One of the benefits of theVE import is the ability create SAP calculations formanydwellingsatonce. However, theservicesandotherparametershave tobeset in JPADesignertocompletethecalculations. TospeedupthatprocessJPA Designerincludesanumberoffunctionswhichcancopydatabetweenseveraldwellings.

35.1 Openings

As section 34.4 explains, incompatibilitiesbetweenthedefinitionsofopeningsinVE andJPA DesignermeansseveraloftheitemsforopeningshavetobesetinJPA Designer. Aseachdwellinginaprojectwillhavesixormoreopeningsthatcouldbeatimeconsumingprocess, buttherearetwobuttonsonthe EditDoors, WindowsandRooflightswhichcanspeeduptheprocess:

• Copythesevaluestoallthisbuildingswindows: usingthisbuttoncopiesthefol-lowingitemstoallotherotherwindowsinthedwelling:

– Double-glazingairgap.

– Frametype.

– BFRC g-windowvalue.

– Overshading. Itdoesnotchangethe Glazing, U-value or Orientation.

• Copythesevaluestoallthebuildingsinthisproject: usingthisbuttoncopiesthesameitemstoallotherwindowsinallotherdwellingsinaproject. Thatallowsyoutodefinethoseitemsonce, buthavethesettingappliedtomultipledwellings.

Also, ifyouneedtoadjusttheU-valuesofseveralopeningsyoucanselecttheopenings(usethe <Shift> keytomakeamultipleselection)thenclick ChangeU-valueofselectedopenings tore-settheU-values.

35.2 Buildingservices

Onceyouhavesetupthebuildingservices(hotwater, primaryandsecondaryheating)foronedwellingyoucanreturntothe ProjectManager windowandcopythosevaluestoalltheotherdwellings:

189

CHAPTER35. EXPORTING SEVERAL DWELLINGS AT ONCE 190

1. Inthe ProjectManager windowclickonceonthedwellingwhichhasitsservicesconfigured.

2. Onthe Edit menuclick Copynon-geometrydetailstoallother9.90dwellings.

3. Attheconfirmdialogueclick OK.

4. Thebuildingservicesdataforthatdwellingwillbecopiedtoalltheotherdwellings.

PartVII

Programoptionsandreference

191

36 Programoptions

TherearemanywaysinwhichyoucancustomisetheperformanceandoutputsofJPADesigner. Mostoftheoptionsarecontrolledfromthe Options dialogue.TheOptionsdialogueboxhasfivetabs:

• General;

• Logoandsignature;

• Email;

• Other;

• Defaults.

Thetabsaredescribedinthefollowingsections.

Above the tabs is the Identity selectorwhich isused to switchbetween identities forediting(see section 2.8).

Toopenthe Options dialogue, in ProjectManager select Options fromthemenubar.Anychangesyoumaketotheprogramoptionswillbesavedwhenyouclick OK.Ifyouclosethedialoguebyclicking Cancel thechangeswillnotbesaved.

36.1 General

The General tabhas the followingcontrols (those shown inblue in thedialogueareassociatedwithuseridentities(see section 2.8)::

• Printermargins: enablesyoutoset thepagemargins forprintingandforPDFs.Ifyouareusingheadedpaperyoucansetthetopmarginforthefirstpagetobegreaterthanthatofthesecondpage, whichcanbeprintedoncontinuationpaperorblankpaper.

• Companynameandaddress: thedetailsenteredherewillappearonprintoutsandPDFsofU-valueandSAP calculations. Thedatawhichappearsheredependsontheidentitywhichhasbeenbeenselectedatthetopofthe Options dialogue.

• Options: selectwhichitemswhichshouldappearontheprintoutsanddeterminewhethertheprogramshouldattempttomakeabackupcopyoftheprojectfile.Thereisunlikelytobeaneedto

192

CHAPTER36. PROGRAM OPTIONS 193

• CSH AssessorName and CSH AssessorNo: CodeforSustainableHomesassessorscanentertheirdetailsheretohavethemappearonCSH reportsintheSAP module.

• UvalueDisclaimer: thedisclaimertexttoappearonprintoutsandPDFsofU-valueandcalculations.

• SAP/Nondwelldisclaimer: thedisclaimertexttoappearonprintoutsandPDFsofSAP calculations.

• DefaultSAP location: determinesthecountrywhichwillbeusedforallnewSAPcalculations. Thissettingcanbeoverwrittenforindividualcalculations.

• Start-upfolder: setsthedefaultfolderforsavingandopeningJPA Designerfiles.Usethe Select buttontosetthestart-upfolder.

• Userdatafolder: Specifiesthefolderinwhichuserconfigureddataisstored. ThisincludesusercategoriesandmaterialsforU-valuecalculations, clientaddressdata,anduserdefinedmechanicalfixingandbridgingdefaults. Bydefault, forWindows7onwardsthiswillbe C:\ProgramData\JPA\JPA Designer.

Youcanview the folderusing the Open button, orchange its locationwith theSelect button. However, youmustbesure tohavepermissions foryourchosenfolder. ItisbesttokeeptheuserdatafolderonthePC andnotonanetworkdrive.

• Showstart-updialogue: determineswhethertheprogramwilldisplaythedialogueofferingdifferentactionswhentheprogramlaunched.

• OpendestinationfolderafterprinttoPDF:ifthisoptionistickedthenaftercreatingaPDF fromacalculationJPA DesignerwillopenawindowforthefolderwhichcontainsthenewPDF.

• Checkforprogrammeupdates: letsyouspecifywhetherornotthesoftwarewillcheckforupdatedversionsofJPA Designer. Formoreinformationsee section 2.5.

• Suppressprojectregionmessage: preventsJPA Designeraskingifyouwanttousethesameprojectregionwheninheritinguserdatawhichhasbeendefinedattheprojectlevel. Ifyouworkexclusivelyinoneregionthenitbesttotickthisoption.

• Useproxyserver: insomeorganisationsaccesstotheinternet, whichJPA Designerrequiresforlicencechecking, ismanagedthroughaproxyserver. Itmaybeneces-sarytoentertheproxyserverdetailsinordertoenablelicencechecking.

36.2 Logoandsignature

The Logoandsignature tabcontainsthefollowingcontrols(thoseshowninblueinthedialogueareassociatedwithuseridentities(see section 2.8):

• Logoposition: JPA Designercanaddyourcompanylogotoprintouts. Usethesesettingstodeterminethepositionofthelogo. Thelogofilemustbea256colourbitmapwiththefileextensionBMP,anditmustbeintheJPA Designerfolder. Enterthenameofthefileinthetextbox: donotincludethepath(e.g. enter logo.bmpnot c:\Programfiles\JPATL\JPA Designer981\logo.bmp).


ThelogodetailscanbedifferentforeachidentityyouhavesetupinJPA Designer,enablingyoutocustomisereportsforeachone.

• Addressposition: ThesesettingsdeterminethepositionofyourcompanyaddressonprintoutsandPDFs. Entertheaddressitselfinthe General tab.

Usedtogetherthelogoandaddresspositionscanbeusedtomatchcompanysta-tionery.

Certificatesignatureposition: originallyusedtoaddascannedinsignaturetotheSAPcertificatetheseoptionnowhasnofunction.

TIMSA Logo: ifyouareissuingU-valuecalculationsundertheBBA/TIMSA U-valuecom-petencyschemeyoucanusetheseboxestoincludetheschemelogoonreports. Ifyoutickthe default boxthelogowillbeselectedforallreportsinthe SectionstoPrint dia-logue: youcanoverridethedefaultoptionforindividualcalculations.

36.3 Email

In futureversionsof theprogramyouwillbeable toemailcalculationsdirectly fromJPA Designer. Thereisnoneedtoprovidethisinformationinthecurrentversionoftheprogram.

36.4 Other

The Other tabletsyousetvariouscalculationoptions. TheoptionsforU-valuecalcula-tionsare:

• Beamandblockscreedconductivity: sets thedefaultconductivityusedforsus-pendedgroundfloors. Thestandardconductivityof 1.15W/mK representsastan-dardcement:sandscreed.

• Mechanical fastenercalculations: JPA Designercancalculate thecorrection formechanicalfastenersusingthemethodinISO 6946:1997orISO 6946:2007. Thereisnoreasonnottousethelatestversion.

• Twodirectionalheatflow: buildingcodes and standards inAustralia andNewZealandrequirethethermalresistanceoffibrousinsulationtobeadjusteddown-wardsat temperaturesabove23ºC toallowfor theobserveddecrease inperfor-manceathighertemperatures. ThisfeatureisnotapplicabletotheUK.

• Roundthermalresistancedown: theISO productstandardsforfactoryformedin-sulationrequireresistancesforthoseproductstoberoundeddowntothenearest0.05m2K/W. Tickingthisboxactivatesroundingforproductswhicharemarkedasthermalinsulation(see section 7.2).

• Setvapourresistanceoflayersaboveventedcavitytozero: whenthisoptionischosenaddingaventedcavitytoacalculationwillresultinthevapourresistancesofalllayersoutsideofthecavitybeingreducedtozero. TheoptionisderivedfromBS 5250:1989andisintendedtoreplicatetheeffectofventilationinreducingtheriskofinterstitialcondensation.


AstheapproachwasnotincludedinsubsequenteditionsofBS 5250itisbestnottousetheoptionunlessyouhaveagoodreasontodoso, andareawareoftheeffectsoncondensationriskanalysis.

• Printtotalthickness: whenselected, theU-valuereportwillshowthethicknessoftheconstruction, basedonthetotalthicknessoftheindividuallayers.

• Printwatermarktext: printstheselectedtextasalightgreywatermarkacrossthecalculationreport. Specifythe wording, angle and size ofthewatermark. Typicallyusedtoshow‘draft’acrossacalculation.

TheoptionsforSAP calculations:

• Movepreviewformtotopleftofscreen: changesthedefaultlocationoftheresultspreviewwindow.

• Verylongpreviewform: alongpreviewformgivesenoughspacetoseeallthedatafordwellingswithnumerouselementsandopenings.

• OmitSAP worksheetboxnumbers: theSAP worksheets, suchasthosefortheTERandDER normallyincludetheboxnumbers, tomakeiteasiertotrackthroughthecalculations. Usethisoptiontopreventtheboxnumbersformbeingdisplayed.

EPC testenvironment: usedwhentestingEPC lodgementsystems. Fornormallodge-mentsleavethisboxunpicked.

XML version: sets the formatof thedata submitted forEPC lodgements. This shouldalwaysbesetat V1517.

36.5 Defaults

The Defaults taballowsdefaultvaluestobesetforsomeitemsinU-valueandSAP cal-culations. Anyvaluessetherewillautomaticallyappliedtoanynewcalculation.

CurrentlytherearenovalueswhichapplytoU-valuecalculations, butforSAP calcula-tionsyoucansetdefaultvaluesfor:

• Solarpanelovershading: see section 23.10;

• Overshadingofopenings: see chapter 22;

• Windowopeningconditionfortheoverheatingassessment: see chapter 26;

• Terraintypeforwindturbines: see section 28.2.

37 CustomisingJPA Designer

37.1 Creatingenvironmentalconditionsdatasets

Youcanbuildupandsavesetsofinternalandexternalenvironmentalconditionstouseincondensationriskanalysis. Thisisparticularlyusefulwhenexaminingair-conditionedbuildingswhichhavedesignvaluesfortemperatureandhumidity.

Userdataisstoredinafile Env_user.txt whichiskeptwiththeotheruserdatafilesinc:\ProgramData\JPA\JPA Designer (filelocationcorrectforWindows7-seeTechnicalnote2012/01forotherversionsofWindows). Currently, theonlywaytoadddatasetsis toedit Env_user.txt ina texteditor, suchasNotepad (Figure 37.1). BeforeeditingEnv_user.txt makesureJPA Designerisnotrunning.

Figure 37.1: Editingthe Env_user.txt file

Within Env_user.txt thedataforanexternallocationoraninternaldesignconditionisononeline, witheachlineseparatedbyareturn. Oneachline, thedifferentitemsofdataareseparatedbythepipecharacter, |, withnospacesbeforeorafterthepipe. Thefinalcharacteroneverylineisalsoapipe.

Thedataitemsare:

• Item1: whetherthesetisforinternalconditions, 0, orexternalconditions, 1.

• Item2: whetherthesetissystemdata, 0, oruserdata, 1.

• Item3: atextdescriptionofthedataset. Thisappearsinthe Buildinglocation orinternalconditions lists, whicharesortedalphabeticallyusingthetextdescription.Thisitemcanstartwiththetildecharacter(∼), whichdoesnotappearonlists, butcontrolsthewayinwhichitems4–27areinterpreted.

196

CHAPTER37. CUSTOMISING JPA DESIGNER 197

• Items4–27: thesearethemonthlytemperatureandrelativehumidityfigures. Tem-peraturesshouldbeenteredindegreescentigradeandrelativehumidityasaper-centage. Theorderofthedatadependsonwhetheritem3startswithatilde(∼).

– Ifitem3hasatildethemeanmonthlytemperaturesshouldbeenteredinase-quencestartingwithJanuary, followedbytherelativehumidityfigures, start-ingwith January (so: Jan temp|Feb temp| … |December temp|Jan%rh|Feb %rh| etc.)

– Ifitem3hasnotildethetemperatureandrelativehumidityvaluesforeachmonthshouldfolloweachother(so: Jan temp|Jan rh|Feb temp|Feb%rh| etc).

• Item28: thecountrycode. UK,0. Republicof Ireland, 1. Australia, 2. NewZealand, 3. Asia, 4. MiddleEast, 5.

• Item29: appliestoexternalenvironmentalsetsandindicateswhetherinternalcon-ditionsshouldbecalculatedonthebasisofcontinentalconditions, 1, ormaritimeconditions, anyothervalue. Thisitemisusedonlywheninternalconditionsaretobederivedfromtheexternalconditions: itisnotusediffixedinternalconditionsarespecified.

Asanexample:1|1|Newcastle Airport|3.4|92|…|4.2|89|0|0|Thisshows:

• Externaldata(1).

• Userdata(1)

• Location, withnotilde.

• Pairedmonthlyvaluesfortemperature(3.4and4.2)andrelativehumidity(92and89).

• UK (0)

• Maritimeclimate(0).

Oncetheenvironmentalconditionshavebeenenteredandsavedin Env_user.txt andJPADesignerstarted, thenewdatasetswillshowupinthe internalconditions list. Notethattheconditionswillonlyshowiftheirregionmatchestheregionselectedforanalysis.IfthereareseveralusersofJPA Designerwithinthesameorganisationthe Env_user.txtfilecanbesetupononePC thencopiedtotheothers, ensuringeveryoneisusingthesamedatasets.

37.2 Sharingauser-definedmaterialsbetweencomputers

Theuser-defineddatabaseofmaterialsintheJPA DesignerU-valuemoduleenablesuserstobuildalibraryofcommonly-usedmaterials. WherethereareseveralusersrunningJPA Designerinthesameorganisationitishelpfulforeveryonetousethesamemateriallibrarytoprovideconsistentlyincalculations. Thissectiondescribeshowtodothat.Theuser categories andmaterials are stored in twofiles: USERCATS.TXT andUSER-MATS.TXT1.Bydefault thesefilesarestored in the JPA Designerprogramdata folder,

1DependingonhowWindowsisconfiguredtheTXT extensionmaynotbevisible: thatdoesn’tmatter.


whichisusually(Windows7)in c:\ProgramData\JPA\JPA Designer. Theeasiestwayofensuringtocomputershavethesameuser-definedmaterialsistocopythosetwofilesfromonePC andthenpastethemintothecorrespondingfolderontheother.

Youcantransferthefilesbyemail, acrossanetwork, orbyusingaplug-inUSB stickdrive(alsoknownasa‘thumbdrive”.

TocopythefilesbetweenPCsusingaUSB stick:

1. MakesureJPA Designerisnotrunningoneithercomputer.

2. OpenWindowsExplorer onthePCwiththedataandgoto c:\ProgramData\JPA\JPADesigner.

3. SelectandcopyUSERCATS.TXT andUSERMATS.TXT.

4. InsertaUSB stickandpastethetwofilesontoit.

5. RemovetheUSB stickfromthefirstPC andinsertitintothesecond.

6. Open WindowsExplorer onthePC andgototheUSB stick.

7. CopyUSERCATS.TXT andUSERMATS.TXT.

8. In Windowsexplorer goto c:\ProgramData\JPA\JPA Designer.

9. Pastthetwofilesintothefolder. Windowswillaskifyouwanttoreplacetheexistingfileswiththesamename. Select replace.

10. OpenJPADesigner: theproductsdatabasewillnowincludethecopieduser-definedproducts.

Ifyouwanttotransferthefilesbyemail, copyandpastethefilesintoanemailandsendittothesecondPC,thencopyandpastthefilesfromtheemailontothesecondPC.

YoumayfindthatyourPC seemstobemissing c:\ProgramData\JPA\JPA Designer: thisisbecause theWindowsProgramData folderasahiddenfolder, sobydefault it isnotshown in the folder list. If youcan’t see the folderyouwillneed to setWindows toshowhiddenfoldersbeforecopyingthedataacross. ThefollowinginstructionsapplytoWindows7, butsimilarprocedureswillapplytootherversionsofWindows:

• Openthe FolderOptions Controlpanel.

• Selectthe View tab(Figure 37.2).

• In the Advanced settings list set Hiddenfiles and folders to Showhiddenfiles,foldersanddrives.


Figure 37.2: ChangingtheViewsettingsforhiddenfolders

38 Menureference

38.1 Projectmanagerwindow

File:

• Newproject: CreatesablankJPA Designerproject.

• Openproject: OpensanexistingJPA Designerproject.

• Saveproject: Savesthecurrentproject.

• Saveprojectas: Savesthecurrentprojectwithadifferentname.

• SaveprojectasTemplate: allowsyoutosavetheprojectastemplatefileforusewiththetemplatefeature, see section 3.8.

• Mergeaproject fromdiskintothisProject: Copiesall thecalculationsfromtheselectedcalculationtothecalculationwhichiscurrentlyopen.

• PrintallU-valuecalculationsinthisprojecttoPDF:producesPDF reportsofallU-valuecalculations.

• ImportJPA U-valuefileintothisProject: ImportsaU-valuecalculationfrom JPAUvalue

AsJPA UvaluewassupersededbyJPA Designerin2002thisfunctionisunlikelytobeused.

• ImportJPA SAP fileintothisProject: ImportsaSAP 9.60calculationfrom JPA SAPv2 intoJPA DesignerasaSAP 9.70calculation.

AsJPA SAP v2wassupersededin2002thisfunctionisunlikelytobeused.

• ImportIES file: ImportsdatafromIES’ VE softwareintoJPA DesignerSAP calcula-tions.

• ImportXML:importsSAP EPC lodgementdatainXML formatasaSAP 2009orSAP2012calculation.

• Downloadandre-loadproductcharacteristicsdatafile: downloadsthelatestver-sionoftheSAP productdatafiles(SAP 2005boilerdatabase, SAP 2009andSAP2012PCDF) andloadsthem.

200

CHAPTER38. MENU REFERENCE 201

• Re-loadProductCharacteristicsDataFile: loadsanewcopyofthedatafilesfromanexistingdownload.

• Exit: closesJPA Designer.

• ExportallSAP summariestoExcel: ExportsthesummarydataforallSAP calcula-tionsintheprojecttoanExcelspreadsheet.

• Exportselected toXML:Exports thedata for theselectedSAP calculation to theXML formatusedforlodgingEPCs.

• ExportalltoXML:ExportsthedataforallSAP calculationsintheprojecttotheXMLformatusedforlodgingEPCs.

• ExportCondensationtoExcel: exportstheresultsofacondensationriskanalysistoanExcelspreadsheet

• Journalpath: SetsthepathforstoringtheJournalfileusedbyJPA Designertostoresomeuserdata.

• Clearjournal: Deletestheuserdatastoredinthejournal.

Themenufinisheswithalistofrecentlyopenedfiles.

Edit

• Projectaddress: Opensthe Projectaddress dialogue.

• Editselecteditem: Openstheselectedcalculation.

• Duplicateitem: Createsacopyoftheselectedcalculation, offeringyoutheoppor-tunitytorenameit.

• Renameselecteditem: Changesthenameoftheselectedcalculation.

• Copynon-geometrydetailstoallother9.81dwellings: SetsthebuildingservicesforallSAP 9.81calculationstothoseofselectedcalculation.

UsedwhenimportingmultipledwellingsfromVE.

• CopyselectedSAP 9.702001dwellingtoaV9.802005dwelling: createsacopyoftheselectedSAP 9.70calculationandupdatesittoversion9.80ofSAP.

• CopyselectedSAP 9.8x2005dwellingtoaV9.902009dwelling: createsacopyoftheselectedSAP 9.80or9.81calculationandupdatesitversion9.90ofSAP.

• CopyselectedSAP 9.902009dwellingtoaV9.922012dwelling: createsacopyoftheselectedSAP 9.90calculationandupdatesitversion9.92ofSAP.

• CopyselectedSAP 9.902009dwellingtoaV9.8x2005dwelling: createsacopyoftheselectedSAP 9.90calculationanddowngradesittoversion9.8xofSAP.

• CopyselectedSAP 9.922012dwellingtoaV9.902009dwelling: createsacopyoftheselectedSAP 9.92calculationanddowngradesittoversion9.90ofSAP.

• Mainscreenfont: ChangesthefontusedinJPA Designer.


• User&Securitycodes: Opensthe User&Securitycodes dialogue.

Insert

• U-valuecalculation: AddsablankU-valueorR-valuecalculationtotheproject.

• Psi-valuecalculation: addsablankpsi-valueassistantcalculationtotheproject.

• Dwelling/SAP (V9.92/2012)calculation

– Singledwelling: addsablankSAP 9.92calculationtotheproject.

– Buildingcontainingmultipledwellings: addsablankcalculationforaverageTFEE/DFEE andTER/DER totheproject.







• Dwelling/SAP (V9.802005)calculation

– Singledwelling: AddsablankSAP 9.80calculationtotheproject.

– Scottishsimplifiedapproachsingledwelling: AddsablankSAP 9.80calcula-tionusingreduceddatasetforScotland.

– Buildingcontainingmultipledwellings: AddsablankcalculationforaverageTER/DER calculationsforflatsorterraces.

• Dwelling/SAP (V9.702001)calculation: addsablankSAP 9.70calculationtotheproject.

• rdSAP:addsablankrdSAP calculationtotheproject.

Featureindevelopment

• Waterefficiencycalculation: addsablankwaterefficiencycalculationtotheproject.

Featureindevelopment.

• SolarPanel&WindTurbinepaybackcalculation: addsapaybackcalculationtotheproject.

OptionsOpensthe Options dialogue.Help

• Help: openstheon-linehelpforJPA Designer.

• About: displaysprogramversionandbuildnumberandregistrationdetails.


38.2 U-valuemodule

File

• Returntoprojectmanager: exitsU-valuecalculationandreturnstoProjectManagerwindow.





• Print: printthecalculationreport.

• CreatePDF:createaPDF ofthecalculationreport.

• Printersetup: setupaprinterforusewithJPA Designer.

• Font: selectthefontusedforprintingandforPDFs.





• Help: Openstheon-linehelpsystem.

Edit

• Projectinformation: opensthe Projectinformation dialogue.

• Constructiontype: opensthe*Editconstruction dialogue.

• Environmentalconditions: opensthe Environmentalconditions dialogue.

• Layer: opensthe Editmaterial dialogueforthelayerselectedinthelayerlist.

• Moveselectedvariablelayerintoconstruction: convertsavariablelayercalculationintoanormalcalculationbytransferringtheselectedlayerintothelayerlistandremovingthevariablelayerplaceholder.

• Database: opensthe Editdatabase dialogueforediting.

• Cutlayertoclipboard: removestheselectedlayerfromthelayerlistbutleavestheinformationontheclipboard.

• Deletelayer: removestheselectedlayerfromthelayerlistwithoutsavingtheinfor-mationtotheclipboard.


• Copylayertoclipboard: copiesthedataontheselectedlayerintotheclipboard.

• Pastelayerfromclipboard: createsanewlayerabovetheselectedone, usingthelayerdataheldintheclipboard.

Insert

• Layerfromdatabase: openstheProductdatabasedialogueforaddinglayers.

• Variablelayer: insertsavariablelayerintothelayerlistabovetheselectedlayer.

• Taperedlayer: insertsataperedlayerintothelayerlistabovetheselectedlayer.

• Blanklayer: insertsablanklayerintothelayerlistabovetheselectedlayer.

View

• Dewpointgraph: opensthedewpointwindowtoshowthedewpointgraph.

• Resultstable: opensthepre–2003condensationresultswindow.

• ISO 13788Condensationtable: openstheresultswindowforthelatestcondensa-tionriskmethod.

Help

Openstheon-linehelpforJPA Designer.

38.3 Psi-valueassistant

File

• Returntoprojectmanager: exitspsi-valuecalculationandreturnstoProjectMan-agerwindow.

• Print: printsacalculationreport.

Edit

• ProjectInformation: openstheprojectinformationdialogue.


38.4 SAP modules– singledwellings

New

• Returntoprojectmanager: exitsSAP calculationandreturnstoProjectManagerwindow.








• ExportchecklisttoRTF:createsanRTF fileoftheregulationscompliancechecklist(RTF =RichTextFormat, whichcanbeopenedbyWordandotherwordprocessors.

• ExportXML:createandXML fileofthecalculationdata.





Edit

• Projectinformation: openstheprojectinformationdialogue.

• Dwellingdimensions: openstheDwellingdimensionstaboftheSAP Worksheetdialogue.

• Ventilation: openstheVentilationtaboftheSAP Worksheetdialogue.

• Walls, roofsandfloors: openstheWalls, roofsandfloorstaboftheSAP Worksheetdialogue.

• Windows, doors and rooflights: opens theOpenings tabof theSAP Worksheetdialogue.

• Waterheating: openstheWaterheatingtaboftheSAP Worksheetdialogue.

• Primaryheating: opensPrimaryheatingtaboftheSAP Worksheetdialogue.

• Secondaryheatingsystem: openstheSecondaryheatingtaboftheSAP Worksheetdialogue.


• Summeroverheating: openstheOverheatingtaboftheSAP Worksheetdialogue.

• Photovoltaicandalternativetechnologies: opensthePV &AltTechtaboftheSAPWorksheetdialogue.

View

• Compliancechecklist: openstheResultswindowatthecompliancechecklist.

• SAP worksheet: openstheResultswindowattheSAP ratingworksheet.

• TER worksheet: openstheResultswindowattheTER worksheet.

• DER worksheet: openstheResultswindowattheDER worksheet.

Help

• Help: openstheon-linehelpforJPA Designer.


38.5 SAP modules–multipledwellings

File

• Returntoprojectmanager: exitsthemultipledwellingscalculationandreturnstoProjectManagerwindow.









• About: showsversionnumberandregistrationdetailsforJPA Designer.



• Help: openson-linehelp.