May 19, 2003 1

Joseph E. Mulligan NPOESS Interface Data Processing Segment Lead

Joseph E. Mulligan NPOESS Interface Data Processing Segment Lead

National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)

An Introduction to NPOESS

May 19, 2003

May 19, 2003 2

A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities

MissionMission

Provide a national, operational, polar Provide a national, operational, polar remote-sensing capabilityremote-sensing capability

Achieve National Performance Review Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programsNOAA satellite programs

Incorporate new technologies from Incorporate new technologies from NASANASA

Encourage International CooperationEncourage International Cooperation Local Equatorial Crossing Time

0530

13300930

METOP

NPOESS

NPOESS

Saves as much as $1.3B from the cost of previously planned separate developments

Saves as much as $1.3B from the cost of previously planned separate developments

NPOESS

May 19, 2003 3

NPOESS Overview

• Contract was awarded on August 23, 2002 to Northrop Grumman Space Technology

• Contract consists of:

– 6 satellites• Taking over all government instrument contracts

• Buying all “leveraged” instruments

• Integrating GFE instruments (ADCS and SARSAT)

– Building and deploying all ground systems• C3 and data retrieval

• Data processing hardware and software

– Software for worldwide users

– Operating system through IOC (2011) • with option to 2018

May 19, 2003 4

NPOESS Overview

05301330

0930

METOP

Future (2008-2018)• 3-Orbit System

– 3 US Converged

– 1 EUMETSAT/METOP

– Specialized Satellites

Tomorrow (2005)• 4-Orbit System

– 2 US Military

– 1 US Civilian

– 1 EUMETSAT/METOP

Local Equatorial

Crossing Time

METOP

0530

08301330

0930

DMSP

DMSP

POES

Today• 4-Orbit System

– 2 US Military– 2 US Civilian

U.S. civil and defense programs, working in partnership with EUMETSAT, will ensure improved global coverage and long-term continuity of observations at

less cost!

Local Equatorial

Crossing Time

0530

07301330

0830

DMSP

DMSP

POES

POES

Local Equatorial

Crossing Time

Specialized Satellites

NPOESS NPOESS

NPOESS

May 19, 2003 5

Satellite Transition Schedule

----------------10 Year Mission Life-------------------

CY 99 00 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1803 08 09 1001 02 0704 05 06

Local Eq

uato

rial C

rossin

g T

ime

S/CDeliveries

S/C delivery interval driven by 15 month IAT scheduleAs of: 20 Oct 02

FY 99 00 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1803 08 09 1001 02 0704 05 06

MissionSatisfaction

1330POES

EOS-Aqua

NPOESSC2N’

Earliest Need to back-up launch

N16

Earliest Availability

0530 DMSP

WindSat/Coriolis

0730 - 1030

NPOESSC3F20

NPOESSDMSP

POES

NPP

EOS-Terra

METOPC1F1

617

F17 F19

F15 F18 C4

C5

C6

Most probable launch dateLaunch date based on backup need

NPOESS

May 19, 2003 6

NPOESS Top Level Architecture

Data LatencySMDHRD/LRD

Data Availability

Operational Availability

Threshold Objective

128 attributes above, 724 at, 9 below threshold128 attributes above, 724 at, 9 below threshold305 attributes above, 180 at, 0 below threshold305 attributes above, 180 at, 0 below threshold

Data QualitySMD/HRDLRD

SpaceSegment

Command& ControlSegment

Command& ControlSegment

NPP(1030)

NPOESS1330

NPOESS1730

NPOESS2130

Mission ManagementCenter (MMC)at Suitland

Mission ManagementCenter (MMC)at Suitland

Alternate MMCat Schriever AFBAlternate MMCat Schriever AFB Interface Data Processing SegmentInterface Data Processing Segment

15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites

Field Terminal SegmentField Terminal Segment

FNMOC NAVOCEANO AFWA NESDIS/NCEP

GPS

Low Rate Data/High Rate Data(LRD/HRD)

NPP Science Data Segment

CLASS ADS

NPP Data & Control Flow NPOESS Data & Control Flow CLASS ADSNOAA Comprehensive Large Array Data Stewardship System NPP Archive & Distribution Seg

SvalbardSvalbard

May 19, 2003 7

CMIS - μwave imagerVIIRS - vis/IR imagerCrIS - IR sounderATMS - μwave sounder OMPS - ozoneGPSOS - GPS occultation ADCS - data collectionSESS - space environmentAPS - aerosol polarimeterSARSAT - search & rescueTSIS - solar irradianceERBS - Earth radiation budgetALT - altimeter

NPOESS Satellite

Single satellite design with common sensor locations

CMIS

VIIRS

CrIS

ATMS

ERBSOMPS

NPOESS 1330 Configuration

1330 1730 2130VIIRS X X XCMIS X X XCrIS X XATMS X XSESS XGPSOS XOMPS XADCS X XSARSAT X X XERBS XSS X X XALT XTSIS X

May 19, 2003 8

Development Sensor Highlights

• Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Raytheon Santa Barbara Research Center

– 0.4 km imaging and 0.8 km radiometer resolution– 22 spectral bands covering 0.4 to 12.5 m– Automatic dual VNIR and triple DNB gains– Spectrally and radiometrically calibrated– EDR-dependent swath widths of 1700, 2000, and 3000 km

• Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) ITT Fort Wayne

– 158 SWIR (3.92 to 4.64 m) channels– 432 MWIR (5.71 to 8.26 m) channels– 711 LWIR (9.14 to 15.38 m) channels– 3x3 detector array with 15 km ground center-to-center– 2200 km swath width

• Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS) Boeing Space Systems

– 2.2 m antenna– RF imaging at 6, 10, 18, 36, 90, and 166 GHz– Profiling at 23, 50 to 60, 183 GHz– Polarimetry at 10, 18, 36 GHz– 1700 km swath width

May 19, 2003 9

Development Sensor Highlights (cont.)

• Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) Northrop Grumman Electronics

– CrIS companion cross track scan– Profiling at 23, 50 to 57, 183 GHz– Surface measurements at 31.4, 88, 165 GHz– 1.1, 3.3, and 5.2 deg (SDRs resampled)– 2300 km swath width

• Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Ball Brothers

– Total ozone column 300 to 380 nm with 1.0 nm resolution– Nadir ozone profile 250 to 310 nm with 1.0 nm resolution– Limb ozone profile 290 to 1000 nm with 2.4 to 54 nm resolution– Swath width of 2800 km for total column

• Global Positioning System Occultation Sensor (GPSOS) Saab Erikson

– RF receiver/processor of GPS signals at 1575.42 and 1227.60 MHz– Velocity, anti-velocity and nadir views

May 19, 2003 10

Leverage Sensor Highlights

• Radar Altimeter (ALT) Alcotel

– Measures range to ocean surface with a radar at 13.5 GHz– Corrects for ionosphere with 5.3 GHz radar– Corrects for atmosphere with CMIS water vapor measurements– Precise orbit determination with GPS

• Earth’s Radiation Budget Suite (ERBS) Northrop Grumman Space Technology– Three spectral channels– Total radiation measurement 0.3 to 50 m– Shortwave Vis and IR measurement 0.3 to 5 m– Longwave IR measurement 8 to 12 m

• Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) University of Colorado

– Two sensors for total irradiance (TIM) and spectral irradiance (SIM)

• TIM measures total solar irradiance• SIM measures spectral irradiance 200 to 2000 nm

– Pointing platform and sensor suite to be provided by CU LASP

May 19, 2003 11

Highlights of Other Sensors

• Space Environment Sensor Suite (SESS)

– Sensor suite collecting data on particles, fields, aurora, and ionosphere

– Suite includes a UV disk imager (BATC), EUV limb imager (BATC), charged particle detectors (Amptek/U. of Chicago), thermal plasma sensors (UTD), a magnetometer (MEDA), and a coherent beacon sensor (AIL)

• Advanced Data Collection System (ADCS) and Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (SARSAT)

– “GFE” to NPOESS from France and Canada

– ADCS supports global environmental applications– SARSAT collects distress beacon signals

• Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) Raytheon Santa Barbara Research Center

– Aerosol characterizations of size, single scattering albedo, aerosol refractive index, aerosol phase function

– Multispectral (broad, 0.4 to 2.25 m)– Multiangular (175 angles)– Polarization (all states)

May 19, 2003 12Environmental Data Records (EDRs) with Key Performance Parameters

Cloud Top Pressure Cloud Top Temperature Downward Longwave Radiance (Sfc) Downward Shortwave Radiance(Sfc) Electric FieldElectron Density ProfileEnergetic Ions Geomagnetic Field Ice Surface TemperatureIn-situ Plasma Fluctuations In-situ Plasma Temperature Ionospheric ScintillationMedium Energy Charged Particles Land Surface Temperature Net Heat FluxNet Solar Radiation (TOA) Neutral Density Profile Color/ChlorophyllOcean Wave Characteristics Outgoing Longwave Radiation (TOA) Ozone - Total Column/Profile

Precipitable Water Precipitation Type/Rate Pressure (Surface/Profile) Sea Ice CharacterizationSea Surface Height/Topography Snow Cover/Depth Solar Irradiance Supra-Thermal-Auroral ParticlesSurface Type Wind Stress Suspended Matter Total Water Content Vegetation Index

VIIRS (23)CMIS (19)CrIS/ATMS (3)OMPS (1)SES (13)GPSOS (2)ERBS (5)TSIS (1)ALTIMETER (3)APS (4)

Atmospheric Vertical Moisture ProfileAtmospheric Vertical Temp ProfileImagerySea Surface TemperatureSea Surface WindsSoil MoistureAerosol Optical ThicknessAerosol Particle SizeAerosol Refractive IndexAlbedo (Surface)Auroral BoundaryAuroral Energy DepositionAuroral ImageryCloud Base HeightCloud Cover/LayersCloud Effective Particle SizeCloud Ice Water Path Cloud Liquid Water Cloud Optical ThicknessCloud Particle Size/Distribution Cloud Top Height

NPOESS EDR-to-Sensor Mapping55 Product Sets [RDR, SDR, EDR]

May 19, 2003 13

Receptor Sites

SafetyNet -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via SafetyNet -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via commercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availability – 55% commercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availability – 55%

of the orbit has connectivity to one of the Safety Net nodesof the orbit has connectivity to one of the Safety Net nodes

SafetyNet -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via SafetyNet -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via commercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availability – 55% commercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availability – 55%

of the orbit has connectivity to one of the Safety Net nodesof the orbit has connectivity to one of the Safety Net nodes

May 19, 2003 14

NPOESS EDR Processing Timeline

End-to-End EDR LatencyEnd-to-End EDR Latency

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Time from Observation to Delivery (minutes)

Per

cen

t o

f E

DR

Pro

du

cts

Del

iver

ed

Earliest Data Delivered < 2 minEarliest Data Delivered < 2 min

Average < 10.5 minAverage < 10.5 min

95% of data delivered within 28 min95% of data delivered within 28 min

> 77% of data delivered within 15 min> 77% of data delivered within 15 min

May 19, 2003 15

Interface Data Processing Segment

• High performance computing hardware

– Each Central has a complete system (IDP) that will generate all products within required latencies

– Each IDPS or Central contains an Operations string, an Integration and Test (I&T) string, and shared disk arrays (RAID)

– Operations string carries 100% reserve capacity and additional availability processors– I&T string can be used for integration and test of new software, support for technology

insertion, parallel operations, failover, and algorithm development• Modular, workflow managed software

– Receives multiple data streams from C3S, processes data into RDRs, SDRs, TDRs, and EDRs, packages products into form useful for Centrals, and delivers requested products to end users

– Centrals have control over what products are created, which ancillary data sets are used, and how products are delivered

• Highly automated, fault-tolerant design requires minimal staff

– IDPS operator supported by System Administrator ensures proper operations– Cal/Val analyst monitors and validates IDPS products

• Same software is used in field terminals– Will be made available worldwide via download from the internet

May 19, 2003 16

IDPS Data Delivery

• Receives RDRs, TDRs, SDRs, and EDRs from Data Management subsystem

• Aggregates and reformats into HDF 5

– Small granules necessary for processing are not seen by external users

– Size and delivery frequency of products controlled by external users

• Provides products to the Centrals, Cal/Val, ADS/CLASS, and SDS via a file transfer or common disk services

May 19, 2003 17

Policy and Planning

• NPOESS will deliver data to users world-wide in accordance with US national data policy– Data will be broadcast openly around the world

at no cost to receivers– Capability for data encryption/data denial exists

for national defense needs• Denial can be done on a world-wide or geographic

basis

• NPOESS will provide certified data processing software via the Internet to anyone who wishes to use it