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Italy Convicts 23 Americans for C.I.A. Renditions - NYTimes.com

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Italy Convicts 23 Americans for C.I.A. Renditions

Luca Bruno/Associated Press European Pressphoto Agency

Armando Spataro, a prosecutor shown in Milan on Wednesday, achieved the first convictions involving the Americanpractice of rendition, a significant symbolic victory.By RACHEL DONADIOPublished: November 4, 2009

MILAN — In a landmark ruling, an Italian judge on Wednesdayconvicted a base chief for the Central Intelligence Agency and 22other Americans, almost all C.I.A. operatives, of kidnapping aMuslim cleric from the streets of Milan in 2003.

The case was a huge symbolic victoryfor Italian prosecutors, who drew thefirst convictions involving theAmerican practice of rendition, inwhich terrorism suspects are captured in one country andtaken for questioning in another, often one more open tocoercive interrogation techniques.

Critics of the Bush administration have long hailed thecase as a repudiation of the tactics it used to fightterrorism. And the fact that Italy would actually convictintelligence agents of an allied country was seen as a boldmove that could set a precedent in other cases.

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Still, the convictions may have little practical effect. Theydo not seem to change the close relations between theUnited States and Italy. Nor did they reveal whether thegovernment of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi had

approved the kidnapping. And it seemed highly unlikely that anyone, Italian orAmerican, would spend any time in prison.

Judge Oscar Magi handed an eight-year sentence to Robert Seldon Lady, a former C.I.A.base chief in Milan, and five-year sentences to the 22 other Americans, including an AirForce colonel and 21 C.I.A. operatives. Three of the other high-ranking Americans weregiven diplomatic immunity, including Jeffrey Castelli, a former C.I.A. station chief inRome.

Citing state secrecy, the judge did not convict five high-ranking Italians charged in theabduction, including a former head of Italian military intelligence, Nicolò Pollari.

All the Americans were tried in absentia and are considered fugitives. Through theircourt-appointed lawyers, they pleaded not guilty.

Italian prosecutors had charged the Americans and seven members of the Italian militaryintelligence agency in the abduction of Osama Moustafa Hassan Nasr, known as AbuOmar, on Feb. 17, 2003. Prosecutors said he was snatched in broad daylight, flown froman American air base in Italy to a base in Germany and then on to Egypt, where heasserts that he was tortured.

Ian C. Kelly, a State Department spokesman, said the United States was “disappointed”by the verdicts in Milan. He said that because the verdicts were likely to be appealed, hecould not comment on the specifics of the case.

Armando Spataro, the counterterrorism prosecutor who brought the case, said he wasconsidering asking the Italian government for an international arrest warrant for thefugitive Americans.

Mr. Spataro said he was pleased with what he called “very courageous” verdicts. He saidit was a victory that “we brought the trial to an end, and the facts were shown to be whatthey were.”

In May, Mr. Magi ruled that there was enough evidence to proceed with the case evenafter Italy’s Constitutional Court ruled in March that any evidence of coordinationbetween the Italian secret services and the C.I.A. violated state secrecy rules and wastherefore inadmissible.

Mr. Magi also asked for $1.45 million in damages for Mr. Nasr and $750,000 for hiswife, Ghali Nabila. In separate lawsuits, Mr. Nasr, who is now living in Alexandria,Egypt, is seeking $14 million in damages from the defendants, and his wife is seeking$7.4 million against the Italian authorities. In August the couple also filed a suit with the

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European Court of Human Rights.

Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International applauded Wednesday’s ruling. In astatement, Tom Parker, Amnesty International’s United States point man for terrorismissues, called on the Obama administration to “repudiate the unlawful practice ofextraordinary rendition.”

The administration has closed secret overseas prisons but is keeping the practice ofrendition in place.

At the time of his abduction, Mr. Nasr was under surveillance by the Italian authorities,who suspected him of preaching violence from his Milan mosque and recruitingmilitants to send to Iraq in anticipation of the American invasion. He was missing for ayear, finally resurfacing in Egypt, where he called his wife in Italy to say he had beentortured.

The phone call was enough to activate Italian prosecutors, who are required toinvestigate if there is the possibility of a crime.

Prosecutors were able to reconstruct his disappearance using cellphone records traced tothe American agents. The operatives used false names but left a paper trail ofunencrypted cellphone records and credit card bills at luxury hotels in Milan.

Court-appointed lawyers for several of the American defendants assert that prosecutorsnever adequately established their clients’ identities. They said they would appeal theruling.

“The C.I.A. has not commented on any of the allegations surrounding Abu Omar,” saidPaul Gimigliano, a C.I.A. spokesman.

The Italian government has denied involvement. Through a spokesman, it declined tocomment on Wednesday.

In June, Il Giornale, a newspaper owned by the brother of Mr. Berlusconi, published aninterview that it said it had conducted via Skype with Mr. Lady, the former C.I.A. basechief in Milan, whose whereabouts are unknown. In the interview, he said of Abu Omar’sabduction: “Of course it was an illegal operation. But that’s our job. We’re at war againstterrorism.”

Among the 22 Americans convicted was Sabrina De Sousa, who was accused of havingworked closely with Mr. Lady and who has sued the State Department for diplomaticimmunity.

Ms. De Sousa’s lawyer, Mark Zaid, said she would amend her lawsuit against the StateDepartment, pending in federal court in Washington, adding as defendants Mr. Castelli,Mr. Lady and the C.I.A., because “according to news reports, they were responsible forthis alleged abduction.” Ms. De Sousa has never admitted working for the C.I.A. and hasdenied any role in the rendition. Former colleagues have said she did work for theagency.

According to one former senior C.I.A. official, Mr. Castelli, as the C.I.A.’s Rome stationchief, was assigned to the American Embassy and would therefore be entitled to fulldiplomatic immunity. But Mr. Lady and Ms. De Sousa worked out of the United StatesConsulate in Milan and had more limited immunity.

The former C.I.A. official said that if Italian prosecutors were successful in getting aninternational arrest warrant, the convicted spies would probably face the threat of arrestanywhere outside the United States for the rest of their lives.

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More Articles in World »A version of this article appeared in print on November 5, 2009, onpage A15 of the New York edition.

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Both Mr. Castelli and Mr. Lady have retired from the C.I.A., according to former agencyofficials.

Most of the top C.I.A. officers said to have planned the Abu Omar rendition have left theagency, with the exception of Stephen R. Kappes, who at the time was the assistantdirector of the C.I.A.’s clandestine branch.

He is now the C.I.A.’s second ranking official.

Mark Mazzetti and Scott Shane contributed reporting from Washington.

Connect with The New York Times on Facebook.

Past CoverageWoman in Rendition Case Sues for Immunity (May 14, 2009)Italian Court Upends Trial Involving C.I.A. Links (March 12, 2009)Italian Investigator Says U.S. Agents Left Obvious Clues in Abduction Case (May29, 2008)

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nytimes.comItaly Convicts 23 Americans for C.I.A. Renditions - NYTimes.com

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