エリン、ごはんの前に、温泉、入っちゃおうか。エリン、ごはんの まえに、おんせん、はいっちゃおうか。Erin, why don't we go to the hot springs before dinner?

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As many of you already know, the verb 行く(=iku) means to go somewhere and 来る(=kuru) means to comefrom somewhere.• 私は、明日、京都に行きます。(=Watashi wa ashita kyouto ni ikimasu.)I will go to Kyoto tomorrow.• 彼は毎朝８時に会社に行きます。(= Kare wa maiasa hachiji ni kaisha ni ikimasu.)He goes to the office at 8:00 every morning.• 明日、友達がうちに来ます。(=Ashita tomodachi ga kimasu.)My friend will come over tomorrow.• 週末のパーティーには１０人の人が来る予定です。(Shuumatsu no paatii niwa juu nin no hito ga kuru yotei desu.)10 people are supposed to come to the party this weekend.So far so good?Now we see the form with other verbs!<Basic grammar patterns >

 Verb + ていく(=teiku)<Present forms>Verb + ていく(=teiku)→negative form: Verb + ていかない(=te ikanai)→“masu” form (more polite):Verb + ていきます(=te ikimasu)→negative“masu” form (more polite): Verb + ていきません(=te ikimasen)<Past   forms>

Verb + ていった (=teitta)→negative form:Verb + ていかなかった(=te ikanakatta)→“masu” form (more polite):Verb + ていきました(=te ikimashita)→negative“masu” form (more polite):Verb + ていきませんでした(=te ikimasendeshita)

 Verb +てくる(=tekuru)<Present forms>

Verb + てくる(=tekuru)→negative form: Verb +てこない(=te konai)→“masu” form (more polite):Verb +てきます (=te kimasu)→negative“masu” form (more polite):Verb +てきません(=te kimasen)<Past   forms>

Verb + てきた(=tekita)→negative form :Verb + てこなかった(=te konakatta)→“masu” form (more polite):Verb +てきました(=te kimashita)→negative“masu” form (more polite):Verb +てきませんでした(=te kimasendeshita)

 (examples)

<Present forms>•帰って行く(=kaette iku) to go home→negative form :帰って行かない(=kaette ikanai)→“masu” form (more polite) :帰って行きます(=kaette ikimasu.)→negative“masu” form (more polite):帰って行きません(=kaette ikimasen.)<Past   forms> •帰って行った(=kaette itta) to have left, gone→negative form :帰って行かなかった(=kaette ikanakatta)→“masu” form (more polite) :帰って行きました(=kaette ikimashita.)→negative“masu” form (more polite):帰って行きませんでした(=kaette ikimasen deshita.)<Present forms>•帰って来る(=kaette kuru) to come home, return→negative form :帰って来ない(=kaette konai)→“masu” form (more polite) :帰って来ます(=kaette kimasu.)→negative“masu” form (more polite):帰って来ません(=kaette kimasen.)<Past   forms> •帰って来た(=kaette kita) to have come home, return→negative form: 帰って来なかった(=kaette konakatta)→“masu” form (more polite): 帰って来ました(=kaette kimashita.)→negative“masu” form (more polite): 帰って来ませんでした(=kaette kimasen deshita)Example sentences :  

Ex.暗くなってきたので子供たちは、家に帰っていった。(=Kuraku natte kita node kodomotachi wa ie ni kaette itta.)Since it is getting dark outside, the children went home.(You see them going home/going away.)

Ex.暗くなってきたので子供たちは、家に帰ってきた。(=kuraku natte kita node kodomotachi wa ie ni kaette kita.)

Since it is getting dark outside, the children returned home.(You are at home and you see them coming home.)

 <How to use Verb + ていく(=teiku) and Verb +てくる(=tekuru)>*Sometimes you don’t use kanji (行く=iku 来る=kuru) for iku and kuru and just use hiragana,いく=ikuくる=kuru

1)Verb + te kuru:  to do something and returnVerb +te iku: to go to do something•連れていく(=tsurete iku)  to take someone with you somewhere

•連れてくる(=tsurete kuru) to bring someoneEx. 明日、マギーを連れていってもいいですか？(=Ashita Maggie wo tsurete itte mo iidesu ka?)“Can I take Maggie with me (from here to somewhere) tomorrow?”Ex. 明日、マギーを連れてくるんですか？ (=Ashita Maggie wo tsurete kurun desu ka?)“Are you going to bring Maggie (here) tomorrow?”• 買う(=kau) to buy→買って(=katte) ＋ いく(=iku) or くる(=kuru)• 買っていく(=katte iku) to buy something and go somewhere

• 買ってくる(=katte kuru) to buy something and bring it to the place where speaker is.Ex.マギー、ドッグフードがないから買ってくるね。(=Maggie, doggu fuudo ga nai kara katte kuru ne.)“Maggie, there is no dog food left so  I will go get some and come back (home).”(The speaker is with Maggie right now and leave the house to get dog food.)Ex.マギー、ドッグフードがないから買っていくね。(=Maggie, doggu fuudo ga nai kara katte iku ne.)“Maggie, there is no dog food left so I will get it and come to your house.”(The speaker is not with Maggie right now and will bring her dog food.)

• 持つ(=motsu) to hold →持って(=motte)＋いく(=iku) or くる(=kuru)• 持っていく(=motte iku) to take

• 持ってくる(=motte kuru) to bringOK, imagine this situation. You’re home, and are just about to leave to go to a party. You want to bring something like wine or chips to the part so you call and ask him what you should bring.Ex. 何を持っていったらいい？(=Nani wo motte ittara ii?)What should I take?And your friend may say something like,Ex. ワインを持ってきて！(=wain wo motte kite!)Bring us a bottle of wine!• する(=suru) to do →して(=shite) ＋ いく(=iku) or くる(=kuru)• 宿題をしていく(=shukudai wo shiteiku) to do homework and go (to school) 

• 宿題をしてくる(=shukudai wo shitekuru) to do homework and come (to school )

Ex. 息子は最近、宿題をしていきません。(=Musuko wa saikin shukudai wo shiteikimasen.)My son doesn’t do homework lately.(=He doesn’t do homework and take it to school)Ex. 最近、宿題をしてこない生徒が多いです。(=saikin shukudai wo shite konai seito ga ooi desu.)There are lots of students who don’t do homework at home and come to school lately.(Many students come to school without doing homework.)• 作る(=tsukuru) to make→作って(=tsukutte)＋いく(=iku) or くる(=kuru)• 作っていく(=tsukutte iku) to make something and go

• 作ってくる(=tsukutte kuru) to make something and come

Ex. お弁当を作っていかなければいけません。(= Obentou wo tsukutte ikanakereba ikemasen.)I have to prepare lunch and take it (to somewhere.)Ex. お弁当を作ってきて下さい。(=Ensoku ni obentou wo tukutte kite kudasai.)Please make lunch and bring it.• もらう(=morau) →もらって(=moratte) ＋いく(=iku) or くる(=kuru)• もらっていく(=moratte iku) to receive something and go somewhere

• もらってくる(=moratte kuru) to receive something and bring it here

Ex. これ美味しそうだからもらっていきます。(=Kore oishisou dakara moratta ikimasu.)This looks delicious so I will take it (home).Ex. 母はいつも出かけると一杯ポケットティッシュをもらってくる。(=Haha wa itsumo dekakeru to ippai poketto tisshu wo moratte kuru.)Whenever my mom goes out, she gets lots of pocket tissues and bring them back home. (NOTE: Coming soon — a lesson about things like “pocket tissues”.)2) Verb + ていく (=teiku) describe a motion going away from the place where the speaker is.

Verb +てくる (=tekuru) describe a motion coming towards the place where the speaker is.• カラスが飛んでいく(=karasu ga tonde iku) Crows are flying away. (going away)• カラスが飛んでくる(=karasu ga tonde kuru) Crows are flying towards. (coming towards)• マギーが教室から出て行く。(=Maggie ga kyoushitu kara deteiku.)Maggie is leaving (from) the classroom. (walking out of the classroom)

• マギーが教室から出て来る(=Maggie ga kyoushitu kara dete kuru.)Maggie is coming out of the classroom. (coming towards the speaker)3) Verb + ていく(=teiku) and てくる(=tekuru) / てきた(=tekita)  are sometimes related to the time flow from speaker’s point of view.You have to focus on how  things have been changing or will change.

Verb + ていく(=teiku) From the time when speaker is thinking to the future. / habitual actions

 (past tense)Verb + ていった(=teitta) From the past until the time when speaker is thinking.Verb + てくる(=tekuru) From the time when speaker is thinking to the future. / habitual actions

 (past tense)Verb + てきた(=tekita) From the past until the time when speaker is thinking.Ex. 人気があがってくる(=ninki ga agatte kuru)They will become popular from now.(You are seeing their popularity subjectively.)Ex. 彼の人気があがってきた。(=Kare no ninki ga agatte kita) They have been becoming popular until now, but we don’t know what will happen at this point. They may continue becoming more and more popular or they may stop being being popular.

Ex. 人気があがっていく(=ninki ga agatte iku)They will become  popular. (from now on )(You are seeing their popularity objectively)Ex. 人気があがっていった (=Ninki ga agatte itta)They became popular. / They have been popular.• なっていく(=natteiku)＋なってくる(=nattekuru) becoming to/start to/be gettingEx. 暑くなってくる (=atsuku natte kuru)It will get  hotter.(until now)Ex. 暑くなってきた(=atsuku natte kita.)It has been getting hotter. (until now.)Ex. 暑くなっていく (=atsuku natte iku)It will get hotter. (from now on )Ex. 暑くなっていった(=Atsuku natte itta)It got hotter.

Ex. 景気がよくなってきています。(=keiki ga yoku natte kite imasu.)The economy has been getting better. (until now)Ex. 景気がよくなっていきます。(=keiki ga yoku natte ikimasu.)The economy will get better. (from now on )

Ex. 1)あの子はだんだん可愛くなってくるね。=Anoko wa dandan kawaiku natte kurune.= She has been getting cuter and cuter. (until now and maybe in future as well)Ex. 2) あの子はだんだん可愛くなってきたね。= Anoko wa dandan kawaiku natte kitane.= She has been getting cuter and cuter. (until now)Ex. 3)あの子はだんだん可愛くなっていくね。

=Anoko wa dandan kawaiku natte ikune.= She will be cuter and cuter. (from now on )Note : Actually these three sentence may sound the same but the difference are

Ex.1 and Ex. 2) focusing on the past to present. /  when we see her subjectively and we are close to the girl.

(The difference between Ex.1 and Ex 2) Ex 1 is used when you want to emphasize the present time more. )Ex.3 :  focusing on the present and future / when we see the girl objectively in a distance.

Ex. マギーが好きになってくる／きた=Maggie ga suki ni natte kuru./kita.= I’ve come to like Maggie. (until now)Ex. マギーが好きになっていく=Dandan Maggie ga sukini natte iku.= I am getting to like Maggie. (from now on )

Note: There are some cases that you only use 〜てくる(tekuru) forms.• お腹がすいてくる／きた(=Onaka ga suite kuru/kita) to be getting hungry

• 腹が立ってくる／きた (=Hara ga tatte kuru/kita) to be getting angry

• 頭がおかしくなってくる／きた (=Atama ga okashiku natte kuru/kita) to be going crazy

*きた (=kita) is a past tense of くる(=kuru) but you can use きた(=kita) to describe what has been happening as well.

 I have made a listening lesson regarding the variation form of してくる(=shitekuru)＋くれる(=kureru). Go check it out!してきてくれる

 From the first picture above : 「雨が降ってきたのにそんなの着ていくの？」

(=Ame ga futte kita noni sonnano kite iku no?)“It has started to rain and  you’re going out like that?”• ~のに (~noni) even if, although• 着ていく(=kite iku) to wear (something) and goes out

 「いいの！お洒落していくの！」(=Iino! Oshare shite ikuno!)“Leave me alone! I wanna go out dressed up!”•いいの！(=Iino!)I said it’s OK!/that’s OK.  Leave me alone!  / What I’m doing is OK, so just let me do it!)

• お洒落（オシャレ／おしゃれ）(=oshare) to be dressed up, fashionable,

Ex. 彼女はお洒落だ。(=Kanojo wa oshare da) She is fashionable.Ex. 彼女はお洒落をして出かけた。(=Kanojo wa oshare wo shite dekaketa.)She went out dressed up.

 From the second picture above:•「もう晴れてきたのにレインコート着てきたの？」(=Mou harete kita noni reinkouto kite kita no?)“How come you are wearing a raincoat? The weather has cleared up now.”• 晴れてきた(=harete kita) the weather has cleared up• 着てきた(=kite kita) to have come here wearing (something)

•「悪い？」(=Warui?) “Is there any problem?”We use it when we talk back when someone criticizes you.Also we say これのどこが悪いの？(=Kore no doko ga warui no?) “What is wrong with this?”

 The first picture : 〜ていく (=~teiku) : going out wearing somethingThe second picture :〜てくる (=~tekuru) : coming wearing something