japanese for busy people ii (revised 3rd edition)
TRANSCRIPT
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A s s o c i a t i o n for J a p a n e s e - L a n g u a g e T e a c h i n g
A j A L T
KODANSHA INTERNATIONAL Tokyo - New York ^ London
The Assoc ia t i on f o r Japanese-Language Teach ing (AJALT) w a s recogn i zed
as a n o n p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n by t h e M in i s t r y o f Educa t i on in 1977. It w a s
es tab l i shed t o m e e t t h e pract ica l needs o f p e o p l e w h o are n o t necessar i ly
special is ts o n Japan b u t w i s h t o c o m m u n i c a t e e f f ec t i ve l y in Japanese.
In 1992 AJALT w a s a w a r d e d t h e Japan F o u n d a t i o n Special Prize. AJALT
ma in ta ins a w e b s i t e a t w w w . a j a l t . o r g .
I l lus t ra t ions by Sh insaku Sumi .
CD na r ra t i on by Yuk i M i n a t s u k i , Aya O g a w a , Yur i H a r u t a , Koj i Yosh ida ,
Ta tsuo Endo , Sosei Sh inbo r i , and H o w a r d Co le f i e ld .
CD record ing a n d ed i t i ng by t he English Language Educa t ion Counc i l , I n c
PHOTO CREDITS: © Sachiyo Yasuda, 1, 4 9 , 9 9 , 128, 149, 199 .
Dist r ibuted in t he Un i ted States by Kodansha Amer i ca , Inc., and in t he Un i ted
K i n g d o m and con t inen ta l Europe by Kodansha Europe Ltd.
Publ ished by Kodansha In ternat iona l L td. , 1 7 - 1 4 0 t o w a 1 -chome, B u n k y o -
k u , T o k y o 1 1 2 - 8 6 5 2 , a n d Kodansha A m e r i c a , Inc.
C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 0 7 by t h e Assoc ia t ion f o r J a p a n e s e - L a n g u a g e Teach ing .
A l l r i gh t s reserved. Pr in ted in Japan.
ISBN 9 7 8 - 4 - 7 7 0 0 - 3 0 1 0 - 8
First pub l i shed 1 9 9 0
Second e d i t i o n 1995
Th i rd e d i t i o n 2 0 0 7
15 14 13 12 11 10 0 9 0 8 0 7 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
w w w . k o d a n s h a - i n t l . c o m
C O N T E N T S
PREFACE XII
INTRODUCTION xiil
QflMfir ill SOUVENIR SHOPPING
i W r r a l BUILDING RAPPORT WITH COLLEAGUES
iQMrifgl RETURNING TO JAPAN FOR WORK
i m W ^ I PLANNING A VACATION
|IM0Ïϧ| SOLVING PROBLEMS
SUPPLEMENTTO THE TEXT 2 5 3
TRANSLATIONS OF READING TASKS 2 5 5
ANSWERS TO EXERCISES AND QUIZZES 2 6 1
JAPANESE-ENGLISH GLOSSARY 2 7 6
ENGLISH-JAPANESE GLOSSARY 2 8 7
INDEX 2 9 8
ASKING FOR ADVICE ABOUT A GIFT
G R A M M A R
I. Referring to Indefinite Places, Things, or People
^ >^^Z^\ tLMC^\ fiJtl^-II. Stating and Asking Preference and Soliciting
Suggestions
III. Making Comparisons (1): Expressing the Comparative Degree
IV. Making Comparisons (2): Expressing the Superlative Degree
V. "Doing Something to See How It Goes"
CHOOSING A YUKATA 18
I. Getting Information or Advice: "I'd Like to . . , But. . . ?"
II. Making-Comparisions (3): Singling Out an Item for Comparison
^ ~ l ± ^ ^ ^ l ± X - T - f
III. Stating Decisions
^ ~ | C L i t
2 0
21
2 3
SEARCHING FOR A LOST ITEM 3 2
I. Connecting Related Sentences
II. Describing Ongoing Actions or States in Effect
III. "Going Somewhere to Do Something"
3 4
3 6
3 8
QUIZ 1 (Lessons 1-3) 4 6
CLOCKING IN EARLY 50
G R A M M A R
I. Plain Forms of Verbs (1): Present-affirmative and 5 3 Preseat-negative Tenses
II. Asking for and Offering Explanations (1) 5 5
|=> Verb (Plain Form) + ^ T - t
III. Expressing Frequency 5 8
O Consulting Someone about What to Buy as a Souvenir
e Asking Somone Their Preference for Food, Drink, etc.
o Stating or Asking for an Opinion about Two or More Items in Comparison with One Another
READING & WRITING
Reading Task: fe I C 'J y'xn^y ^{7 y
(The Rice Ball Project)
Kanji Practice
» stating the Size or Characteristics of an Item You Wish to Buy
" Asking a Clerk to Gift-wrap an Item ® Indicating Your Preferred Method of Payment ® Talking about Your Family, Their Interests, and
the Kinds of Gifts that Make Them Happy
Reading Task: l}VX^h<r) h 'fz,^' L \ ^
(Mr. Mills's New Computer)
Kanji Practice
A ^ ^ ffl ; ï M 5C #
Describing a Lost Item Reading Task: ^ L-oCO hi'Kii<D 4 3
Describing the Characteristics of a Person, ^^^^^ ^eft Behind in a Conférence Room) Place, or Thing
Kanji Practice 4 4
t ^ é ^ X ^ , ^
® Talking about Routines and Habits ® Talking about Interests and Things You Want
to Learn ® Explaining Why You Are Doing Something out
of the Ordinary
READING & WRITING
Kanji Practice
^ * ^ 0 # FB H ^ i © §P
6 7
INVITING A COLLEAGUE TO A HOT SPRING 69
I. Plain Fornns of Verbs (2): Past-affirmative and Past-negative Tenses
II. Talking about Past Experiences
CLOCKING OUT EARLY 82
QUIZ 2 (Lessons 4-6) 96
I. Using the Adverbial Forms of Adjectives to Modify 84
Verbs ^ ~ < / ~ l C
II. "Going Somewhere to Do Something and Coming Back" 85
III. Making Strong Suggestions 86
IV. "Not Yet" ^ t t ; ~ L T V N i - t+A 87
V. Asking for and Offering Explanations (2) 88
|=> Noun/Adjective + ^ T i '
'Li;,\'ii ,j
GREETING A NEW EMPLOYEE 100
RUNNING INTO AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE 115
i
JOINING A CIVIC ORCHESTRA 132
GRAMiViAR
I. Expressing a Sequence of Events (1): "Before"
II. Expressing a Sequence of Events (2): "After"
III. "When" (1)
I. Describing a Change in State (1)
II. "When" (2)
^^/n-ofz
III. Plain Forms of Adjectives and of Nouns +T't
IV. Using Direct and Indirect Quotation
I, Forming Modifying Clauses
C > / N ° - X ^ - i C ^fz A
II. Nomlnalizing Sentences
103
104
106
117
119
121
122
134
136
QUIZ 3 (Lessons 7-9) 146
ASKING FOR TIME OFF 150
G R A M M A R
I. Giving a Reason (1)
II. Expressing Potentiality
152
1 5 4
SELECTING A VACATION PLAN 164
RESERVING A ROOM AT AN INN 180
Expressing Volition: "I Am Thinking about. . ." 166
at
. Giving a Reason (2) 168
I. Forming Indirect Questions 170
Expressing Uncertainty 182
. Talking about Future Events Coming into Being 1 8 4
QUIZ 4 (Lessons 10-12) 196
''-)
TALKING ABOUT PRODUCTIVITY. 2 0 0
COMPUTER TROUBLE 217
GIVING DIRECTIONS 2 3 4
G R A M M A R
I. Describing a Change in State (2)
II. Making Hypothetical Statements
^ ~ 7 c h
I. Stating the Result of an Action or Event
II. Indicating That an Action or Event Has Been Completed
III. Making Conditional Statements
^ - I f
I. Speaking of Natural or Habitual Results
II. Expressing Necessity
2 0 2
2 0 4
2 1 9
2 2 0
2 2 2
2 3 6
2 3 8
QUIZ 5 (Lessons 13-15) 2 5 0
^ Talking about Traveling in Japan and Japanese Cultural Experiences
s Reporting the Time and Pressing Someone to Do Something
e Gathering Information about What You Want to Do or Where You Want to Go
o Inviting a Colleague to Go Somewhere with You
o Complaining about Your Health » Showing Concern for the Health of Others B Stating or Confirming the Progress of
Preperations
Reading Task: $ $ 7 y T — (A Balloon Tour)
• Kanji Practice
w ^ :^ m ^ ^± ^ ^
Reading Task: C'-^ 9 TcX (Consultation)
Kanji Practice
l i : ^ m m ^
79
8 0
93
94
M i i i M i a w i ï ^ i M a g
» Talking about Someone's Personal History » Giving a Detailed Self-introduction
READING 81 WRITING
Reading T a s k : A ( 7 ? I f v ^ H ^ J i S
(Ms. Sasaki's Personal History)
Kanji Practice
i « :^ ?± If- I t ^ ^ ^
- Talking about Changes that Have Come Over Reading Task 1: - A X 7" ^ CO fe t v T 127 a Town
« Talking about an Old Aquaintance and How (Reminiscences of a Homestay)
They Have Changed Reading Task 2: ^ ?g # !§• (The Story of Harajuku) 128
Kanji Practice 330
^ ^ B 1 " ^ ^
Describing a Building's Facilities Describing Your Personal Effects Describing Someone's Personality
Reading Task 1: v y l / ^ >- ^ 1,<D / 141
(Ms. Martin's Blog)
Reading Task 2: U 7) A^^^^" < CO y'tJ 142
(The Blog of an American Family)
Kanji Practice 144
^ :^ i^f ^ )^ ih n\ m m
e Talking about Schedules s Talking about the Services Available at a
Department Store
^ Stating What You Are Thinking about Doing in the Near Future
® Expressing Your Feelings and Giving Reasons for Them
e Talking about Possible Scenarios That Could Occur in the Near Future
READING a WRITING
Reading & Writing Task; fe ^ ^ V ^ (Invitations)
Reading Task: - t 9 (Impressions)
Kanji Practice
M 1^ di
Kanji Practice
m ^ m m
160
161
162
178
e Calling for Teamwork When Hosting a Barbecue
e Confirming the Details of a Trip o Telling Someone over the Phone That You Do
Not Have Time to Talk and Will Call Thehn Back Later
Reading Task 1: L ^ i ± ^ X J; 9 <7? K(D
(Words from a Worryyvart)
Reading Task 2:
Kanji Practice
n ^ >è
' ± U J (Mt. Fuji)
li'i- L
M # ^ IX
191
192
1 9 4
® Talking about Changes in Sales/Productivity • Talking about Your Dreams for the Future ® Talking about What to Do In the Event of a ' Disaster
® Talking about Problems and Explaining Solutions
® Asking for Suggestions about How to Solve Problems
READING a WRITING
Reading Task: 3 feX H htzr>tzh
(If I Won 300 Million Yen)
Kanji Practice
^ J : T : ^ # :?|J n ü
Reading Task: DX^X^ L<n |c $
(Mr. Mills's Diary)
Kanji Practice
n ê # tT ^ m -F s-
Giving Directions Using Intransitive and Transitive Verbs Giving a Reason for Rejecting an Invitation
Reading Task 1: I f v n / c ^ V , — ( T e x t Messaging) 2 4 5
Reading Task 2: ^A<7) -f hX^^i t%<D lAl
(How to Put Out the Trash in the Town i Live in)
Kanji Practice 2 4 8
4 m ^ ^ ^ Jt
PUEFACE
TO ™ E [REVISED 3^^ EDiTïOM
For busy working adults, progressing to the next step beyond "survival Japanese" is not easy. Books II and
III of the Japanese for Busy People series were first published in 1990 for learners seeking intermediate to
advanced proficiency in Japanese. Yet even with the aid of these volumes, many people still found It difficult
to master complicated Japanese syntax and vocabulary in the few hours-they had available outside of other
commitments. Over the years, we at AJALT have continued to look for new ways to help learners overcome
this barrier, and in the process we have developed and implemented numerous improvements to our lesson
plans and supplementary teaching materials. Such experience is put to full use in this extensively revised edi
tion of Japanese for Busy People II, designed to better enable adult learners to pursue their study of Japanese
to the point of intermediate fluency.
Japanese for Busy People II, Revised 3rd Edition incorporates many new ideas developed carefully over
time by a committee of twenty-one working AJALT instructors. Of the group of twenty-one, a team of five
teachers compiled the text.
We hope that busy people will find this textbook an enjoyable tool for learning Japanese.
Acknowledgments for Japanese for Busy People II, Revised Edition (1990) Four AJALT teachers wrote this textbook. They are Miyako Iwami, Shigeko Miyazaki, Masako Nagal, and
Kimiko Yamamoto. They were assisted by two other teachers, Kumiko Endo and Chikako Ogura.
Acknowledgments for Japanese for Busy People II, Revised 3''' Edition
This textbook was written by five AJALT teachers—Emiko Aral, Kaori Hattorl, Reiko Sawane, Junko Shinada,
and Emiko Yamamoto—with the assistance of Miyuki Fujiwara, Yuko Harada, Ajiko letomi, Elko Ishida,
Mitsuyoshi Kaji, Rosa Maekawa, Mariko Mishima, Tomoko Mitaki, Emiko Nakachi, Makiko Nakano, Mikiko
Ochiai, Minako Saito, Sadao Sakano, Yuko Takagahara, Keiko Takegami, and Yoriko Yoshida.
Special thanks are owed to Martin and Pamela Murray, who contributed the blog on pp. 142-43.
1NTIRODUCT80N
Aims
Like Book I, Book II is intended for busy people who wish to efficiently master beginning-level Japanese. It
may be used in the classroom or outside it.
Book I dealt with "survival Japanese" for tourists and other short-term travelers and newcomers to Japan.
Book II, meanwhile, turns to the basics of Japanese syntax. The book is by no means only about grammar,
however. Rather, it is designed to help learners consolidate their understanding of syntactical structure
through lessons that focus on how to talk about topics relevant to daily life.
In addition to serving learners continuing from Book I, Book II will benefit those who have already studied
beginning Japanese to some extent but wish to brush up on syntax.
Major Features of Japanese for Busy People II, Revised 3''' Edition
Japanese for Busy People II, Revised 3''' Edition wili enable learners to progress smoothly through the equiva
lent of the latter half of a typical first-year Japanese course while gradually building speaking and listening
skills.
Learners approaching mid-beginner status often find themselves suddenly faced with syntax and vocabu
lary much more complex than what they have studied before. Such grammar and vocabulary do not appear
as frequently in everyday conversation as those words and structures they have learned up to this point,
necessitating that they spend ample time on review. Moreover, learners at this stage are expected to become
familiar with verb tense and aspect, time expressions, conditional clauses, and other topics that require them
to have a solid grasp of context and speaker intent if they are to fully understand the differences in meaning
conveyed by each. Such points cannot be mastered by reading through grammatical explanations alone. In
short, the mid-beginner level is a difficult one for many adult learners who, unlike students In school, have
neither time nor opportunities to take repeated tests or to otherwise gauge their progress.
Japanese for Busy People II, Revised 3"' Edition helps overcome the above obstacles through grammar and
content topics carefully selected to be appropriate to learners at this level of Japanese proficiency. The book
is designed so that by practicing talking about each topic, learners will gradually and effectively acquire sen
tence patterns and vocabulary related to that topic. Like Book I, Book II is organized into several large units,
each covering topics grouped under a particular theme. In this way, the book enables learners to achieve a
well-balanced understanding of grammar, sentence structure, and context.
Themes and lesson objectives of the five units in Book II are as follows.
Unit 1: Souvenir Shopping
Following up on Book I, Unit 1 presents survival Japanese related to shopping, thus providing learners with a
thorough review of simple clauses. The unit also goes beyond what was covered in Book I by showing ways
of asking someone's opinion while shopping, making comparisons between items, and describing an item's
characteristics. The overall theme is "picking souvenirs," a subject that should be relevant to learners both in
Japan and abroad. The verbal skills and dialogue patterns studied here may be applied not only to shopping
but also more broadly to any situation that involves choosing between options.
Unit 2: Building Rapport with Colleagues This unit introduces the plain forms of verbs—a crucial component of Japanese compound sentences—along with several sentence-final elements that make use of these forms. Topics are selected from among those that typically come up when interacting with people from work. Covered are constructions for indicating interest in another's actions, inviting someone to do something outside of work, asking for help or offering advice, and otherwise interacting with people in ways that help build relationships of trust and understanding.
Unit 3: Returning to Japan for Work
This unit explains how to build sentences using temporal clauses, direct and indirect quotation, and attribu
tive modifiers. Through talking about factual events in one's life history or In that of a particular neighbor
hood, learners will study how to relate an event In chronological sequence, compare the way something is
now to how it was in the past, and describe facilities and other things around them.
Unit 4: Planning a Vacation Along with sentences with clauses for stating reasons or reporting questions, this unit covers sentence-final
elements used to express indefiniteness, for example wish or probability. Topics deal with verbal skills nec
essary for planning and carrying out activities in cooperation with others, including explaining reasons or
circumstances, expressing probability, and indicating desire. The overall theme is that of planning and going •
on a trip to a unique place in Japan.
Unit 5: Solving Problems The focus of this unit is on forming conditional clauses. Topics include preparing for earthquakes or other
disasters, discussing dreams for the future, solving problems, helping someone who is lost, and other situ
ations that call on learners to talk about what might happen In the future, discuss options for solving prob
lems, and give instructions or explain steps for doing something.
The Structure of the Units
Each of the five units listed above is divided into three lessons. The lessons, in turn, are organized into the
following parts:
Target Dialogue
Grammar & Pattern Practice
Practice (1, 2, 3 . . .)
Reading Task
Kanji Practice
Using Japanese for Busy People II
Work through the textbook following the steps below.
1 . Target Dialogue. Scan the target dialogue for an overview of the structures you will be learning In the
lesson. The underlined parts are the lesson's key sentences, and page references direct you to where they
are explained in detail. At this stage it is not important to understand the Target Dialogue in its entirety,
since you will be returning to it after working through the Practice pages (see step 4 below).
ASKING FOR ADVICE 11 ABOUT A GIFT
tJn-isi , ,
^ B : i'v>i. irrt, ^T3^•^^^. iii-xj
rt-^-Zdl lr7Tt' ^•••Ö•^4^ Aft-)' i j
t-Ss VQ. V.r il iv-M b! [oad? K3» Ban jitKl a is-'b!!? ïi.-liu j
Key sentences illustrating the lesson's grammar are underlined.
Til !ir:j«t use) u cma i IO-M SI% riin 'Sumrs tsaisnsiati rirt "«it. jCT- p-i jiyi IM la PA )3J ihUJd lEpo-d li!fcr,9 ibdn yoa far
V.'e Jiis tfa Efe, oH fait v,,?
2 -5 -¥ t= t ; l ) l l i:=t fi-(o)Si-ttA.
It, Usl ill! Kj.™ ti Cl d JïturJ. b-.i Ji to I'M ., -
WJI - I ... ? • ttet I A KÖO 0 nling. -V-tul Itou* ycJ. h'l. 1.^J' Ha irpïid
.!. IS lull jTHv.-a hï.iïv-g p j
New vocabulary items are defined as they make their appearances.
Notes guide you through the Target Dialogue.
2 . Grammar & Pattern Practice. This section takes up the lesson's grammatical points and sentence patterns
one by one, explaining forms and meanings and offering exercises for trying out the patterns. After read
ing the explanations, turn to the exercises to see whether you can construct sentences following the rules
described. The important thing is not only to say the answers out loud but to practice actually writing
them down. Answers are given in the back of the book.
I GRAMMAR & PATTERN PRACTICE
I R«l(nfng (o IndsMle HSCEI, Hibisi, ct Feopl.
L^Ti-^K t ea - mt-ti: Art joi gosg tn^tos not ihs v.tjl
Hi- UAflftril^-i.-^.WereEtfSiH.
M vJi' .LhJ (Jth wa-d er. crct
2) f i« l';^f9>'T ( ) L I T .
3) art knLi'^/:Tt. {
4) CltV Ayj-tt-C. (
Concise explanations with example sentences walk you through the lesson's grammar.
f staling mi AiUna tnleitnu and SuGiliIng Suggtitioni
(U Be CCHM. Ci. -Al to ccffH bt s<xd-l
« A l n i l a - b - i ' m - T t . AJ kr a bciri j& rd ccfEEe.
f ) / : i | l 3 - t - i < I ' l i T t .
n(Qa pi, "Ai ferrrp^f. iiliiabean^ts!•<coraiMd, ccfejiroiMts scod.")
« A f IfU f j i ' »H<TLi i i ' .
2) t o ï - f A n ' J i Z i . ïT;
o T L i i * ' .
1) Hti/.o T't-HVF. H
2) y a l ' i ^ F O -f—7. / -Jl
Exercises let you put your understanding to the test.
New vocabulary defined.
To internalize the constructions and put them to full use requires much more than merely understand
ing the grammar behind them. It requires that you study them in context, which the Practice pages (to
follow) and Target Dialogue allow you to do.
XV
3. Practice. Once you understand the meanings and forms of the sentence patterns covered in Grammar &
Pattern Practice, it is time to practice using them in conversation.
The Practice pages fall into one of several types: Word Power combined with Speaking Practice; Speak
ing Practice only; and Phrase Power (in Units 2, 3, 4, and 5) and Speaking Practice.
WORD POV'/ER -
).3ta3<gj 'i^-/--*-'^
SPEAKIHG PtIACnCE • •
il'ii^
tfSE ont pïMi d a bte-miTij fc-Vi U Wö Iit\ b--y3i-
4. Tn!=4Kag so-ic-iï; "'
Tiixr'--y-fn fzKTA i Lt i '.
sAx-:'i;v,..i;__j-}iH ( n - i L i - j .
v *!Il w. fed b-ï tosh.
m-m^ii^o.r.-^kibs^e^iTA'em-J-Wr.
è>3: H-ij^., tJ i 'L i 'T+« . b / :L t - f ï T I - .
tMsc Ift. IfSi. B-tal b a ppJir iwtea- d Ct-jïaJ
The Word Power pages in this text are not limited to new vocabulary but include, for review, words you have already learned. Try substituting the words presented here with the ones in the dialogues at right.
The dialogues in Speaking Practice are themati-cally linked with the vocabulary presented in the Word Power section at left.
Begin by studying the words and/or expressions in Word Power or Phrase Power. The vocabulary here
will be necessary for dealing with the conversation topics covered in the lesson. Study the characters and
pronunciation for each one while also referring to the illustrations and glosses. If you feei there are too
many, focus on the ones you are most interested in. While the ideal is to become able to recall the Japa
nese just from looking at the illustrations or glosses, this does not have to happen right away. Once you
have spent some time over the meanings and pronunciations, proceed to the Speaking Practice even if
you have not finished memorizing everything. While practicing, simply look back at the list for any words
you do not remember. You will gradually become more familiar with the words as you use them.
The Speaking Practice is made up of a series of sample dialogues. First listen to each dialogue on the
CD to see how much you can comprehend on your own. It will also help to try repeating the words after
the speaker or writing them down. Next, read the script in the textbook (and the translation, as necessary)
to confirm your understanding. Then read the script out loud. If you have a learning partner, practice
acting out the dialogues together, switching roles as neccessary.
Some of the Speaking Practice sections in the latter half of the textbook (Units 4 and 5) also come with
exercises that call on you not only to memorize and use set vocabulary, but also to make up dialogues
based on additionally provided material. As you come to these parts, work through them according to
the instructions given.
After going through the sample dialogues, practice conversing more freely, adjusting the topic to suit
you and using the words and expressions that you just learned. If you have a learning partner, talk to that
partner. There is no need to stick closely to the examples or to worry about small errors. Simply talk and
ask questions about the topic as you like. If you have a native Japanese speaker close by or are otherwise
in a position to speak Japanese in real life, then be sure to take the opportunity to try out what you have
learned in actual conversation with that person. j
Finally, try writing down what you said in the free conversation practice above. Ask an instructor or a
Japanese acquaintance to point out your mistakes.
4. Target Dialogue. When you finish with the Practice pages, turn bacl< to the Target Dialogue at the begin
ning of the lesson and study it along with the CD. Carefully go over and review any parts you find difficult
to understand. Listen to the CD many times and practice repeating the words after the speaker until you
are able to speak the dialogue with natural intonation and speed.
Most of the dialogues begin with expressions typically used to strike up conversations. Try using these
in real life when the opportunity presents itself.
5. Reading Task. In this section, you will be exposed
to short reading material intended also to serve
as a lesson review. Written Japanese differs from
spoken forms of the language, which tend to
abbreviate various syntactic elements. Read the
text in order to accustom yourself to expository
Japanese that is not part of conversational give-
and-take but is instead directed one-way, from
writer to reader. Since the materials here are writ
ten much less formally than Japanese prose nor
mally would be, however, they may also be used
as templates for such oral tasks as giving expla
nations or making speeches. Once you have read
and understood the text, practice explaining the
content in your own words. (A few of the texts are
written in full prose style.) Questions sometimes
accompany the Reading Tasks to encourage you
to do this. Translations of all the texts as well as
sample answers to the questions can be found at
the back of the book.
READING TASK
X, +tT+. 4'1-<U>TI1 tllzif'li'l tJ+LO) Ilii' ipTtHs
2) 4 H - 4 ' i ' T l l iSK^'lt l i + L l : l ^ s f i ' * - j» i 'T- ( -<>- .
3) A 8 C 7 - X « y o y i i ' . h f ->.<'!ii-ki'. 4) T ' ö . J i S ' J . r o ^ - 7 f ± / ; J l T + ' i ' .
4-vv4'o
( » • ( • I
~v» Siirid tc fcl, for
KANJI PRACTICE
6. Kanji Practice. Each lesson concludes with a Kanji Practice page. This section takes up ten characters
(twenty in Lesson 1), most of them from vocabulary appearing in the lesson's Target Dialogue. .In all, the
textbook introduces 160 basic kanji, selected primarily from those covered in level 4 of the Japanese-
Language Proficiency Test.
The meanings of the kanji are
given below the character, usage
examples and writing instructions
to the right of it. The examples,
too, are taken mostly from the the
lesson's Target Dialogue and are
limited to vocabulary appearing
in the textbook (albeit sometimes
with kanji components introduced
in a later lesson). Asterisks indi
cate frequently used words that
are written with kanji not cov
ered in the textbook but that are
nevertheless given because they
are words you should already be
familiar with.
come ':•
km. = ^
come ':•
km.
n n n
M week ) M
The character's core meaning is given beneath it.
There is ample space to write the characters and commit them to memory.
Appearing in small letters below the usage examples are the readings for the kanji, called in Japanese
furigana. Although kanji dictionaries typically distinguish between Japanese and Chinese readings by setting
the former in hiragana and the latter in katakana, in this textbook they are all given in hiragana. Verbs and
adjectives are listed in their dictionary forms (except in Unit 1; see p. 52 for an explanation of plain forms, of
which the dictionary form is an example). The non-kanji endings on verbs and adjectives (e.g., the i "f" in
^ ($•) i -f are called okurigana (verbal suffixes). In general, the stem of a word is written in kanji while
the inflected parts appear in hiragana as verbal suffixes, e.g., ^ ( O i ' t " , ^ ( Z ) t t . '^ \7fc
( $ ) T . There are many exceptions to this rule, however, and so the suffixes are best memorized individually.
The Kanji Practice comes with blanks for writing out the characters. Try writing each one, paying careful
attention to the order and direction of the strokes.
Throughout this text we introduce kanji gradually, and always with furigana so that you know how to pronounce them. In addition to words from the Target Dialogue, we also present in kanji (for recognition purposes only) proper nouns—that is, place names and names of people.
Note About Kanji
Kanji came into Japan from China roughly 1,500 years ago. Kanji also became the basis of the hiragana and katakana syllabaries later developed to better represent sounds in Japanese. Japanese today is written primarily with kanji and hiragana, supplemented as necessary by katakana, Arabic numerals, and romaniza-tion.
Kanji are logographic (i.e.,-each character has a meaning) unlike hiragana, which are phonographic (i.e.,
like English letters, they represent only sounds). For this reason, kanji have the advantage of allowing readers
to infer the meaning of a text simply by scanning and understanding the characters.
Readings for kanji fall broadly into one of two types, on'yomi (Chinese reading) or kun'yomi (Japanese
reading). Some kanji have only one reading, others several. In general, a kanji is given a Japanese reading
when used by itself as a word, and a Chinese reading when used'in combination with other characters as a
compound. There is only one set way of reading a kanji in a particular word.
The body of kanji regularly used in Japanese publications such as newspapers and magazines is referred
to asyoyo kanji (kanji in common use). There are 1,945 characters in the list of jöyö kanji officially designated
by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, of which about 500 appear most
frequently. These 500 make up 70 to 80 pefcent of all the kanji used in newspapers and other prose. Thus
learners who master these characters will become able to read most Japanese writing while looking up the
other 20 to 30 percent in a dictionary.
Introducing the Cast
The following characters feature in this textbook.
/ T*/ (r
1 1 \ 1 1 / / A John Mills (35 years old), a Canadian, Is a member of ABC Foods' sales department. He is single.
Marie Martin (25 years old) is from Paris, France. A member of ABC Foods' sales department, she used to live in Japan as an exchange student.
Shil<a Chandra (30 years old) is a member of ABC Foods' systems department. She is from Mumbai, India.
Keil<o Sasalti (53 years old), a Japanese, is the manager of ABC Foods' sales department. She is married and has a daughter, Ailco.
Akira Kato (46 years old), a Japanese, is the section chief of ABC Foods' sales department. He is married.
7yy9 • 9'^)-y
Frank Green (55 years old), an American, is the president of the Tokyo branch of ABC Foods. He lives in Tokyo, with his wife.
Mayumi Nakamura (25 years old), a Japanese, works as a secretary to Ms. Sasaki. She is single.
Ichiro Yamamoto (45 years old), a Japanese, is the president of the Kyoto branch of ABC Foods.
Daisuke Suzuki (24 years old), a Japanese, is a member of ABC Foods' sales staff. He is single.
F V Mel Chan (30 years old) is from Hong Kong. Sfie works In ABC Foods' sales department. She is single.
Sachiko Nakajima (Marie Martin's former homestay.mother) and Emi Morita (the teenage daughter of the Nakajimas' next-door neighbors, the Moritas) also appear in this book, as do Kyojiro Yamakawa (organizer of a civic orchestra) and a host of others.
it is sometimes said that Japanese
people are not very good about
making up their minds on their own.
Seen from another perspective, how
ever, this means that the Japanese
language is rich in expressions for
involving others in decision-making,
among them the sentence-ending
T" L i: -) covered in this unit. Learn
tp use this and other expressions to
discuss choices with others in such
familiar situations as picking gifts or
souvenirs.
Mr. Mills and Mr. Kato are talking in the office during their break, discussing the upcoming summer vacation.
t m - ^ H N X s 4^^i± ^^'cé n ^ t ^ ^ o ^ / b x ^ A i i ?
: i^^- fc^,^^lf$ ^ H N i t ^ \ t i c
^ J l X : x . X o - f g j ^ ^ ' ^ H N T L J : 9 ^ \
IcA $
, - . p . 9
A l t o
^ JlX : h^)7^'^i z:^\ ^ t t o fc^^^.n N L i t o
Mills: Mr. Kato, next week we have summer vacation. Are you going anywherè?
Kato: No, this year I'm not going anywhere. What about you?
Mills: I'm going home to Canada.
Kato: Are you buying any souvenirs (to take back)?
Mills: Yes. What would be good?
Kato: How about a yukata? Yukata are in fashion lately.
Mills: Yukata. Where do they sell them?
Kato: Hmm . . . my wife would know better. I'll ask her later (and see what she says). Mills: Thank you. I'd appreciate it.
VOCABULARY
t i t X
tic
Mills (surname)
somewl ie re , anywi ie re
anywhere , nowhere
Canada
someth ing , anyth ing
w o u l d (it) be good?
in fo rmal co t ton k imono
recently
be popular, be fashionable
( l i t , " t h e alternative o f . . . " )
later
t r y asking
t ry and see h o w it goes (see p. 9)
This sentence, used to initiate a conversation, means "Summer vacation starts next week, doesn't it?"
When someone says this to you, you should respond by talking about your plans for vacation (if you
have any) or by asking the other person what his or her plans are. The following sentences are used in
much the same way, i.e., to start a friendly dialogue with someone.
hlfzli ^ t ^ T - f ^ o
We have the day off tomorrow, don't we?
Christmas is coming soon, isn't it? •,
2. ^ ( z } z i ) a n(^')^t^^o Mr. Kato omits hfz L (± here because it is easy to infer, given that Mr. Mills has asked him a question
about his plans. Instead, he makes (Z ^ L ) the topic, implying a contrast with previous years,
i.e., "Last year might have been different, but as for this year.,. ."
3. iJlX^/^ii? Sometimes you can omit the last half of a question and use just a noun and the particle (± to express
the meaning "What about. . .7" Here Mr Kato is asking, "What about you, Mr Mills?" The implied
question can be "What do you planto'do?" or any of a number of others. Usually the meaning is clear
from the context, so just answer however you wish.
4. ^•ó'fzTi-^\ This sentence is pronounced with a falling intonation. It expresses Mr Mills's understanding or
acceptance of Mr Kato's suggestion, "How about a yukata?" It is not a question, and Mr Mills is not
seeking confirmation from Mr. Kato about what a yukata is, either.
5.
When someone asks you a question and you cannot answer right away, or you do not know the answer,
you can respond with this interjection. Lengthen the "a" and pronounce it with a falling intonation.
n G R A M N A R S. PATTERN PRACTICE
I] Referring t o Indefinite Places, Things, o r People
^"C means "somewhere" or "anywhere." To express the idea of "some " or "any ," add
•0^ after the appropriate question word. For example:
i^-ó'' something/anything tic
TCYLT)^ someone/anyone
\ ^ ^ - / ] ^ sometime
When you use words like these in sentences, you can omit the particles that ordinarily go with them
whenever it is obvious from the context what they should be. For example:
Are you going anywhere over the weekend?
Is there anyone in the room?
O O/^^ is an exception in that it is never followed by the particle
Let's meet sometime,
jpjjj'^ <^ ( f means "any/some souvenir"
tic tic I will buy some souvenirs.
Complete the sentences by choosing the most appropriate word: ^' C 7 i \ fzM^, fj'^^, or <
>. TJ^ . Use each word only once.
I will buy something.
1) VNVN T A ^ T - f ^ o (
2) h<D L/x hyyr (
3) ^ T è fz<Dl^^'ofzT-fo (
4) h U i-t ir^o (
) fz-<t IXlo
) ifz n^fz^'T-to
someone, anyone
somet ime I NO?}'' r oom
4
11 s t a t i ng and A s k i n g Preference a n d Sol ic i t ing Suggest ions
A noun followed by H ^ T t means that the noun in question "would be good." You use this pattern to state your preference or (in the form of a question) to ask what someone else's is.
htzL\± r 7 - t - 7 ^ ^ " VNVNTto
I'd like coffee, (lit., "As for me, coffee would be good.")
(D^ij<D\± V . N O T t o
As for a beverage, I'd like coffee.
htzLiX (D^i^(D\X r ? - t - 7 j < V N o T t o
I'd like coffee, (lit., "As for myself, as far as beverages are concerned, coffee would be good.")
You use'fpf ('j.'I-) 5^^' >.^^,^TL J: 9 to ask someone for a suggestion regarding a choice.
tic
What would be a good souvenir? (lit., "As for a souvenir, what would be good?")
H Construct sentences as in the example.
t i c
1) ic(j/.r '(7) U y x y . tAJ:-7 xf
2 ) ' i - o ^ t ^ < 7 5 ' j J: C 7 . YlZ
U Construct sentences as in the example.
t: ti-lc —S>
2 ) 7 ° D V x ^ h < 7 3 fiK
tzii:-/!'' ' Tanaka (surname)
y ' D x x ;7 h pro ject
f - — 7 chief
5
beverage
example
dessert
lesson
[Ill Making Comparisons (I): Expressing the Comparative Degree
<D ii^ •0'^ . . . X ^} \sthe pattern to use to describe two things or people in comparison with each
other Things that are superior precede <D ( Ï 9 "the alternative of," and things that are inferior
precede J; ' j , "than."
Wine is more expensive than beer.
To ask which of two things or people is "more" in some respect, use ^ . . . ^ K iy'ó^... T " f ^^
If the second noun in the answer (what comes before J; ' j ) is obvious from the context, you can leave
it out, together with J; ' j , as in the following example.
A : 7^y<7) ( t : - ; l . J ; i j ) tz-ö^^'Tir.
Q: Which is more expensive, wine or beer?
A: Wine is more expensive (than beer).
¥600 ¥500
f l Look at the menu and make up questions and answers
as in the example.
280R 300H 3S0H
3-5 ZBOR 400 R
T-^ 4S0Fi 600R
1) C 9 v ^ i - X . ^ t v ^
- > Q :
A :
2 ) T ^ X ^ i j - A . /b^HN
- ^ Q :
A :
";ri.v,:ici,.:(ii,v than (particle)
wh i ch one (of the t w o )
15 Compare the countries in the table and make up questions and answers based on the information given, as in the example.
Countries of the world by area (km^)
17,075,000 r / I j il 9 , 6 2 8 , 4 0 0 8 ,512 ,000
9 ,976,100 9 , 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 ^ - x h x ' j r 7 , 6 8 6 , 8 0 0
1) i i t f \ 7 x x ; U
Q :
A :
2) ^=11. t - x hy^jr
-> Q :
A :
13 Compare the countries in the table and make up questions and answers based on the information
given, as in the example.
Consumption of wine by country (liters per capita per annum)
y y y y 58 .2 ifs]\^ \ i f i l 49.1 33 .5
A9')T 52.7 y<4 y 35 .2 ll—y^T 23.1
m) -i 9 'JTA. y y y y A jto IL ML
- ^ Q M j ^ i j T A ^ y ^ y x A ^ Y:t,h^^ fz<^/L u^yt CL IL
A : yyyyA<D ai^' t z H L <D^t-fo ZL
^) y<4 yA. 7t°/ihir/iA IL
Q : :
A : :
"2) r / i - \ f y t y A . J I - ^ ^ T A IL IL
Q :
A.:
c j - > T Russia T / l / H i ' y - f - y ' Argent ina
y'y'Jjl Brazil il—-?^-]' Romania
t'Jl h 'h'l\' Portugal
X 'N ' f y Spain
Il v/ Making Comparisons (2): Expressing the Superlative Degree
To say that one person or thing is "the most" or "the best" among several, you use a noun follow/ed
by (D tt-T^/^T; followed by another noun and t(>^ ^^i^ i f X . The word v ( ± X , "number one,"
expresses the superlative degree of comparison, i.e., "the most," "the • est." For example, ^^i^li A -f $ means "most likeable," and V ^ Tt, {±X $ it^ ^ means "prettiest," "most beautiful."
Soccer is the most popular of all sports.
Note that you can omit <D '^£'0'', "among."
To ask, "Which is the most?" or "Which is the est?" you use the same basic pattern but with a
question word such asi^ ( t M c ) , J l " ^ , /H "^ , Z,or^'-^.
Q-.xrn-y {<D+£i)-) T W v N ^ i i X ir^Ti-^\
Q: What sport do you like best?
A: I like soccer best.
Note that you use "which one," instead of i"^ (t tMc) , "what," to ask which item among a
limited selection of three or more is "the most" or "the est."
A:^ytl-^' v ^ ^ > i ^ X -f^T-fo
Q: Which (sport) among soccer, tennis, and golf do you like best?
A: I like soccer best.
m Fill in the blanks with the appropriate question word.
2) Q: B^(D i ^ J ^ ^ \ i r { IcA i
A-.^^^tz-f}' \'i^\XL A%^^ * ' j i t o :cA S
3) Q : i j x hcD {IL<D ^£-f3-r (
number one
fami ly
(honor i f ic prefix)
list
g Look at the graph and make up questions and answers as in the example.
Average yearly rainfall and °C 35 temperature in Tokyo 30
25 20 15 10 5 0
-5 -10 -15
I I rainfall temperature
UL .
1) V^^ |±X itJ^'
Q :
A :
2) vN^tiJX h^^' i^^^'
- > Q :
A :
3) vN^tlfX hiö^' -r<^xvN
• - > Q :
A :
(\y "Doing Something to See How !t Goes"
You use the -fe form followed by <^ i t to express the idea of "do something and see how it goes"
or "try and . . ." For example, * v N T ^ i t means "I'll ask and see what she says."
Change the form of the verbs to ~ T <^ i t as in the example.
1) ii^t-r
2) r ? . - h ^ $ i t
it rains a lot
rain
a lot, many
i t does not rain much
< N few/, no t many, l i t t le, no t much
< o shoe
l ± * ± - f p u t on (shoes, pants, etc. over t he feet )
^ i - f pu t on (clothes)
: a n i
P R A C T I C E 1
WORD POWER
Souvenirs:
® ^ 9"i7 y 7°
^ - ^ = 1 —
5 M T W T F S
1 Z 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 1^ 1
17 18 19 20 21 22 2j 24 2S 2Ê 27 28 2? 30
® 7 )
!
10
cell phone case
address boolc
key holder
nnouse pad
-7 9'ti'vy' calendar
mug
dish
mi
SPEAKIWG PRACTICE
I. Talking with a colleague about what to buy as a souvenir for other colleagues:
5 JlX : 9 r-tno W V NT L J: 9
L J; 9 o
Nakamura: Shouldn't we buy some souvenirs for the people at the office?
Mills: You're right. What would be good?
Nakamura: How about this mouse pad? It's interesting.
Mills: Oh, it's a picture of Kabuki. It Is interesting. Isn't it? Well then, let's buy it,
(i ]}) II. Taste-testing souvenirs:
l i l X : i : ^ . 'J J; 9 ( 2 9 ' ^ H N i L i 9o
Nakamura: Which would be a better souvenir, cookies or chocolates?
Mills: Let's try one of each.
Nakamura: They're both delicious, aren't they?
Mills: Well then, let's buy both.
c )) III. Talking about souvenirs from one's home country:
Kato: Mr Mills, what is a popular souvenir of Canada?
Mills: Let me see. Maple syrup Is the most popular After that, smoked salmon is also famous.
Kato: Both of them are delicious, aren't they? I like them, too.
i i iTi. i:\ I
~ l c
people at t he of f ice
f o r (part icle)
cookie
each (particle)
t'^ihii bo th , e i ther
I) XT i l l bo th
7.^—9->)-—^y smol<ed sa lmon
11
SPEAKING PRACTICE
I. Concluding that shopping is best done on weekdays:
:/iaB- l i i - ^'i ifzo in> 1 t-^U r:zij z/Lr^^tt^^ho
IJIX: ^iTtno ^^^'ij<D\i - s u L o c o (i7'^< </L^)r-tn.
Kato: Did you go anywhere over the weekend?
Mills: Yes, I went to a department store and shopped for all sorts of things. What about you?
Kato: I was at home. On weekends it's crowded everywhere.
Mills: That's right. As far as shopping goes, weekdays are more convenient.
^ P II. Having a guest at a party choose a drink:
\XX : (DA^t><D{i 7 ^ y ^ t f - ; l / ^ ZJ-yyi^' ^ , i J i t o ^^M'
^ D H : U ^ y ^ ' v N V N T ' t o
^ JlX : U4 ya hii^tl
« : h-/]-i fe/fa/^nNLito
Mills: Welcome. Right this way. Would you like something to drink?
Kato: Yes, thank you. What do you have?
Mills: The beverages (that we have) are wine, beer, and cola. Which would you prefer?
Kato: I'd like wine.
Mills: Which wine would you prefer, red or white?
Kato: Red, please.
12
in various w/ays
everywhere
be c rowded
become c rowded
tSV \ È W shopping
' N l U o weekday
C fp here (where 1 am)
u — -7 cola
red
wh i te
i
' READING m S K i
X 3 y • ^ ; l / X ~ ^ ^ l l ABCy-X0 L ^ v N X T t o ^ / b X ' ^ X i i
Answer the following questions: t
ic UA tic
2) ^HN7jnNTI± feic$'~ij^ fetL^ ^ 'X tp ' ^^ ' t^ 9 ^^VNT-f'J^
3) A B C 7-X~|± ^Xtt^ 7°c7 y X 7 h ^ o < Ij i L T ' C ' J ^
4) ^<7) 7 °Dyx7h<7 ) t - 7 l ± T^c^T i -^^
VOCABULARY
L
(fe) t L
- f e l t
TJH N |±0
company employee
f o o d
like very much
rice ball
overseas
sushi
geared t o w a r d , f o r (suff ix)
deve lopment
KANJI PRACTICE
come
+ come
' j n n n n ^^^^^
1 • • i
week ^^^^^
1 • • i
go
^ t * i t
r 4^ A
^ 7
go
^ t * i t
1 ' * • '[ •
1'*
n o w
year t i * A
—V
year t i * A
three three
four
EH
n F5? H 3
four
EH
five
r f
five
six
7i
7 ^ '7 \
six
seven
- t w - f 1
seven
- t
eight
A O \ \
eight
A O
nine
'iL « »i/<
3^
nine
'iL « »i/<
ta ta
ten
hundred 4Tt?f <
T f 1 "
hundred 4Tt?f <
thousand
IC ttA
H - ^
l t , * A
thousand
IC ttA
H - ^
l t , * A
17
Mr. Mills is looking for a yukata at a kimono shop.
5 ]\^X : ^ t ) ^ ^ / c ^ ^ n N / b ^ A - p . 2 0
I )IX : ^ i c .
. p . 21
- p . 2 3 - i ^
salesperson: May I help you?
Mills: I'dliketobuyayukata.
salesperson: Is it a present?
Mills: Yes, for my younger sister
salesperson: How about this one?
Mills: Uh, do you have a bigger one? My younger sister is taller than me, you see. About like this.
salesperson: Oh, she's a tall person. This here is our largest size.
Mills: Well then, I'll take it. Please wrap it up as a present.
VOCABULAnV
salesperson, clerk
I w o u l d like to buy . . .
this, th is one (here) (pol i te)
uh . . . , h m m . . .
more
(part ic le; see Note 3 be low)
tal l
he ight , stature
ta l l , h igh
hh
7 H f V h
abou t like this
o h , I see
person (pol i te f o rm)
size
I w i l l take tha t one
fo r use as a present
fo r use as
w rap
You can omit certain parts of a sentence if the meaning is clear without them. Here l^^^7c(± is
dropped from both the question and the answer, and the verb fe < ' J i t , "to send," or ^) i f i t ,
"to give," is omitted from the answer, leaving only ^ 9 ^ I-, "for my younger sister" Japanese
people often use sentence fragments like these when asking and answering questions.
2. h(Dl You use h<D') when hesitating before speaking. Here Mr. Mills uses it to soften his request for a
larger yukata in response to the salesperson's recommendation, "How about this one?"
3. A(fefeO$VN(D|± h^)t^^^\ The particle <D in this case functions as a noun modified by A (fe fe) ^ ^ \ Thus, ^) o ^ A (fe fe^) $ 0 ( 7 ) means "a bigger one."
^ means "height" or "stature." The sentence V ^ i 7 J: (± -tf/^^" (TCTJ') V ^ T t means "My
sister is tall in stature" and is a neutral, matter-of-fact statement. But notice that Mr. Mills uses ^ T
-f here instead of T t . This makes it clear that he is trying to explain something or make a point. The
point he is trying to make, of course, is that he needs a larger yukata. For other basic usages of / ^ T
t , see Unit 2, Lesson 4, p. 57.
5. Z < 0 < % V N T t o Mr, Mills uses this expression while indicating his sister's height with his hand.
6. A ( f e f e ^ ) ^ V N ^^fz
•Ó^fz, "person," is a politer form of A(U>^). Salespeople use polite language when talking to
customers, or when talking about people or things connected with them. A (fe'feO $ ^ \ which
ordinarily means "large," also can mean "tall."
7. ( ^ ^ ^ ) 7 ° H f ' y hffl (J: 9) 1 o o A T < / £ " ^ ^ ^ 7° U-^'y h + ^ (X 1) means "for use as a pres.ent." Literally, then, Mn Mills is saying, "Please
wrap it up as a present." Other noun +^'(X 1) combinations include C ' i ffi (J; 9 ) , "for
children," AAffl (fe' ^ ' J; 9 ) , "for adults," and so on.
H I
{ 0 Getting Infoi-mation or Advice: "I'd Like to . , . B u t . . , 1"
The phrase /^H N/b V ^ T t means "I want to buy." If you use 7c^ X T t i n s t e a d of /c V ^ T
t , the implication is that you would like information or advice from the other party. You use
^^fz^ XT t ' ^ ' ^ " in a store, for example, to inhply that you are about to make a request, such as
asking where an item can be found. N/C^ X T t J ' 'and other 7c >• XTt '^ ' ' "sentences often
conclude with an expression you learned in Lesson 1: 'f J' (ti-M-) o v N T L J: ') •ó\
fe<^^lf^ ; * H ^ / c V ^ ^ T t ^ ) ^ 'fnr " V N V N T L J ; 7 7 ^ \ <flc
I'd like to buy a souvenir, but what would be a good one?
Construct sentences as in the examples.
1) fe^-tf^lc ^ f ^ i t . ^ " c
2) X o i / x ^ h c O r ) H N $ ' ^ L i t . VN-i^
i l V N T U t 7
3) < 7 C 7 l C ^ T ^ i t . T A L ^ , ^ - ^ t ^ ^ '
4) * 7 ' c i ^ L o I t v N / c V N ^ ' j H v i t , A L ^ . B L ^ . Ji'Xb'J^" <Ji^}
20
A L ¥ .
fast
Company A (The names of Japanese companies o f ten end in L ¥>, " c o m p a n y " )
( ! Making Comparisons (3): Singling Out an Item for Comparison
In Lesson 1 you learned the patterns <D H •) i!)^ . . . X {to form the comparative degree) and
(<D i£-ó^) T . . , v N : |±~/G (to form the superlative degree). Here we revisit these same basic
patterns but with the topic marker l± coming before them. By using (±, you single out a person or
thing as the topic of the sentence.
yp^^/zU ^ij<DX^) ^^'Tto
Yukata are cheaper than kimono.
Hotel A is the most famous in Tokyo.
h c
¥10,000 ¥300,000
Pretending you are Mr. Mills, construct sentences in which you compare your younger sister to
yourself. Say that your sister is in various ways superior to you, as in the example.
1) zilly^^ t i 9-f'T-t-o
2) J: < </L^ J: 1 L i t e
3) ^it^t,^' fefev^Tto
—>
4) tz < ^ ^ x^t-to
k imono
21
II
ma
0 Construct sentences comparing Hotel A and Hotel B. Stay that Hotel A is better than Hotel B in
some respect.
At^-T/lU B . t x / U i U J J l v i X i o
1) L-f^^
2) U6\
3) ^-EX-ó^ v u
—(•
4) ^ T J H '
a a ^ DO •> ° °
n D D C °
5) ^ x y >7^^- -h-LtzL
0 Construct sentences stating that Hotel A is "the most" or "the est" in Tokyo, as in the
example.
#|J) l^7<)6VN
1 ) ^ /c b L ^ N
2) Am'*^' * 'J i t i;^ S
4) ^ c ^ i c * , f j i t
VOCABULARY
22
•9—tfx f - X 7 y ^ y
spacious
service
check-in
simple
fore ignbr
fore ign count ry
I II;", •i.i.M
/ USAGE NOTE \
The word o J: also expresses the comparative degree. For example, r) tl A (fefe) $ V N means "bigger"
Do you have a bigger one?
To state or ask how much bigger, you use other words.
Dd you have one that is a size bigger?
t o ^ is not needed before the adjective or adverb that follows J; ' j in a sentence of the <D
(J 9 . . X ' j type (see Lesson 1, p. 6) as it makes the sentence sound redundant.
i [ D l ' stat ing Decisions
You use I - L i t after a noun to state your decision when choosing something from among several
available altèrnatives. Be careful not to confuse this phrase with t)^ ^ u N T t , which indicates
preference (see Lesson 1, p. 5).
Q : 7^~-f^- h (± l t i - t ) \
A : T ^ X 7 ' J - A | C L i t e
Q: Which one of the desserts will you have?
A: I'll have the ice cream.
Make up questions and answers as in the example.
•t>>
Q : tzLt X iXf(D y°y^yV{± LtLtz^\
A : J - b - T l / y 7°ic LtLtzo
1) fe < ^ fe<^^(f\ - y 7 L/X
- > Q : :
A : :
2 ) 7jnN$~'<7) ( f o j ; 9 Xf
Q :
A :
7 V - y - ' f X ' one size
U day
23
WORD POWEi
Adjectives:
(D( ï-f ^
® fe V N
< V N low, short
^ ^ ^ f , j 5 H S soft
jJ^TcO hard
, 5 > I » wide
l i ' ^ - v * thin, narrow
•tj:4<\ V long
. ^ t T S n v shor t
i,r>\\ th ick
9 - t 'v ^ th in (of c loth, paper, etc.)
7}^-SIN l ight , l igh twe ight
t V ^ heavy
l ± T (ic) co lor fu l , gaudy
t'^it:) plain, subdued
75^^900 cute
-> y 7 V U (^1') simple
T
SPEAKING PRACTICE
^ ^ I. Trying on clotPies in a store:
customer: May I try this on?
salesperson: Yes, the fitting room is over there.
salesperson: How is it?
customer: Do you have a slightly smaller one?
salesperson: I'm very sorry, but this is the smallest size,
customer: Oh. Never mind, then.
^ 1 II. Asking for the same garment in another size:
$ ^ < : ZKH fe^/i: M - y - ^ x i i * i J i - t i - ^ ' ^ \ • .
customer: Do you have the same color as this in a medium?
salesperson: I'm very sorry. The mediums are sold out. They'll be coming in next week,
customer: Well then, I'll come back next week.
^ III. Buying a computer:
: ' T i l zt:yh\t
J^^:. feLI±i^vN!± \1L^LX-f-h\9V'yyyti-^-X:"f-t)\
$ ^ < : i l - K T fe/la^nNLi-to
customer: Do you have one with a slightly larger display?
salesperson: In that case, how about this one?
customer: Oh, this one is fine. I'll take this one.
salesperson: Will you be paying in cash or with a credit card?
customer: With a credit card.
L * , ^ < L - : > f i t t i ng r o o m sold o u t ; \fLi/L cash
o v ^ T - f n e v e r m i n d l l ^ v U É ' f go / come in, ën ter 9\/'y'vVil—Y c r e d i t c a r d
fc'i'C same - f ' - f X 7 ' U ^ display
U ^ A X m e d i u m (size) ( f e ) L l i fc o payment 2 5
WORD POWER
I. Family:
o ® :you
= male
: female
@
®
®
® :
® ® I I
® ®
O
V • ® ® ®
® ®
® # ( f e ^ ^ A ) ® 'J J: 7 L ^ (C- i j J: 7 L A ) ®5C (fe5<:^5A)
® ^ J : 7 / - c V ^ J: 7 T'CVN) ® ^ | C ( fe lcvN^A)
® fe ^ 7 (fe ^ 7 ^ ^ A) ® V N ^ , 7 ^ (V ^ 7 ^ ^ A) ® fev N ( feu r '^ A )
® t ó u (aóvNC'^A) ® ^ , ^ ( f e L v N ^ A ) ® ^ ( ï ( f e i f * , ^ A)
® fe i: (fe i: ^ A) ® fe (f (fe ( f ^ A)
N O T E : The words in parentheses are used primarily to refer to family members or relatives of other peo
ple. Do not use them when talking to-other people about your own family.
II. Colleagues:
® "'9 U i 7
@ i: J; 7 L
I. others:
®-7y>'3y<D ^ X ' j A
®}^-fj:')<D A UK
IC l iA
U J : ^ L ^ parents grandmother ' .S'TS^ junior staff $J : -7 / i ' v^ siblings, brothers and sisters a t uncle T v X ^ ' V h assistant
nephew felf aunt v y v a V c O 7 5 ^ ^ U I - ^ apartment manager i *^ '' niece ij Jt T colleague ^^L- IJ« ^ next-doorneighbor
grandfather U Jt 9 L superior -tf^•^i-v ^ teacher
iPEAKING PRACTICI
i)) I. showing photographs of famiiy to coileagues
I t l l
l i l t l : ^ # è t
kit- hkt tzt^
(These are) my parents. They live in the suburbs of Vancouver. My dad worked in a bank, but last
year he quit his job and now he is at home. Everyday, he goes fishing or does the gardening. My
mom teaches cooking. My mom's recipes are very popular. These days she is busier than my dad.
(These are) my sisters. My older sister Diana and my younger sister Anne. They are both very tali. My
younger sister is taller than me but shorter than my older sister My older sister is the tallest among
us. My older sister is a basketball player. My younger sister is a model.
Vancouver i]'—-T^y9' gardening ,5>/c U t bo th o f t h e m
Zn-i^^^ suburbs l / v t " recipe / ^ X - ^ r y h # ' — . ' H f A L basketbal l player
^ i 6 i - t ( R 2 ) qu i t / - f T - f Diana MLLm> player, a th lete
- 3 IJ f ish ing T V Anne ^ f l l mode l 27
^ I)) II. Choosing a souvenir for one's father:
^ if A K : fec^^lfTt5«\
li\^X : 'A.\z, \t-i-s:(n ILW^-^ i^\^tz\^LX-f-fi^
mX:hh. V N V N T t ^ o zmz'lti-o
Are you looking for a souvenir?
Yes, for my father. I'd like to buy postcards of flowers.
How about these? The flowers of Hokkaido in the four seasons.
Oh, these are nice, aren't they? I'll take these.
guide:
Mills:
guide:
Mills:
III. Choosing a souvenir for one's mother:
^^JlX:-^lz H 4^ Ij J: 7 ' I <7) U y t ° ^ fz^'/LTir ^\ Z iz l i l t i: l^^
T ^ ^ ' ^ IC l i ^
J^M : T ( ± . Z<D H ^ ' j J : 9 Ij L J : 7 T J H N C ; ) D V D ( ± ^'^^^'Ti--ó\ -Ó^ IC UA
^JlX:hh. ZKli vNVNT-fo Zitt < / - c ^ U o
Mills: I'd like to buy some Japanese recipes for my mother Where can I find them?
salesperson: How about this? It's an English-language book about Japanese cuisine.
Mills: It's thick, isn't it? Wow, it's heavy! Do you have a thinner one?
salesperson: Well, how about this DVD that presents Japanese cuisine? It's lightweight.
Mills: Oh, this is nice. I'll take this.
the fou r seasons
wow t ha t presents
I l ' ', ll.'l'l
t>t It Iff, v>
an
^ N ° v i 7 y j ; ( j T j ^ ^ w T t o ^ ; l / X ^ A ( ± L n ) 9 i o i c ^<yoy
^ ^ v N T L / b o ^ y l / X ^ A I i l / > ^ ; l / V 3 y 7 ° l c ^ t o T D V D ^ 7c
Answer the following questions;
2) ^7UX'^5AI± L ^ | ) 7 i ' ^ l = l t L f z f i \
3) y<Voy(D X 7 I J - y ^ ^ 1/ e (7) X 7 I J - y ^ ^ 17^^" V N 7j<
$ H V N T ' L 7 ' C ^ \
4) ^ 7 U X ' ^ f A ( ± U y ^ y b v H - y 7 ° T 'f^T^ 7 ^ ^ ' J i L 7 ' c ^ \
VOCABULARY
^ j ' C ^ ' ^ Ak ihabara (distr ict in Tokyo)
X 7 I J — > screen
1/ y :7 V 3 -y 7° rental shop
' J i t bor row, rent
29
KANJI PRACTICE
A *
AA
big
A *
AA
/ \ small
ti.ipizï
• 1 N
/ \ small
ti.ipizï
I private I private
taU expensive
V. •) c: 7
taU expensive
V. •) c: 7
cheap cheap
ff
for
ii 1 n ff
for
ii
T - ^
shop
T - ^
shop
member
7^1
member
7^1
->
X father
5C
fe5<:^5A Ki
9
X father
5C
fe5<:^5A Ki
•
mother
till
fe#$A
mother
till
fe#$A
TARGET DIALOG
Mr. Mills realizes that he has left a bag of chocolates at the store where he was shopping, so he rings
up the store to see if it is still there.
Cl) M -• {answering tiie plione) f X ^ ' ^ ^ J T Z! ^ \ ^ 1 1 o
i l X : - T A t ^ / i o 3 0 ^ C b v
:
^ JlX
i x
^ p p . 3 4 - 3 7
(D^'Ar^<-V(D A < 6 r i x i f ) \
- p . 3 8
i t o
^ ; l . X ' : 9 r ^ ^ ^ i L /co
: Z(D ^ 3 3 U - h . $ H v s T fetL^v^ / ^ y ^ - i / T t ^ f l o
UK
salesperson: Yes, this is Edoya.
Mills: Excuse me, but about thirty minutes ago, I left (lit. "forgot") a paper bag at your
store.
salesperson: What kind of bag might it be?
Mills: It's a large, white paper bag, and inside it there are several boxes of chocolates. Is it
not near the cash register?
salesperson: Is It a bag from Nozomi Department Store?
Mills: Yes; it is! Oh, good! I'll come and get it right away.
Mills: Thank you.
salesperson: These chocolates are in a pretty, interesting package, aren't they?
Mills: It's a new product of ABC Foods. Please have a box.
VOCABULARY
Edoya ( f ic t i t ious store) ~ T L x 1 •0'^ migh t i t be?
before o h , g o o d ! (speaking t o onesel f )
paper bag f r o m now/, r ight away
paper come and get (lit., " g o t o g e t " )
sacl<, bag ^ ' j i - f take , ge t
fo rge t , leave beh ind ^ — iy package
some, a n u m b e r of, several L A L J : 9 V^L n e w p roduc t
be In/ inside L A ~ n e w (prefix)
cash register
near, in t h e general area of
general area
E M S ,. . : . V " _ _ - ; • : • 7
\.^f,h\z i}-AV.{ht h-fKtltz. You use f, to mean "there (where you are)" when speaking over the telephone to a person with
whom you are not particularly close. The particle I- as used in this sentence indicates the location
where Mr Mills left his bag.
A sentence ending with T t f)'' is a straightforward question, while one ending with T L i : 9 is
less direct and softer-sounding.
3. \yiy(D ^ .Tc'J
h> tz 'J, "in the general area," is a vague way of indicating a location when you do not remember
it exactly. Its meaning is similar to that of 'tyii^ { , which you learned in Book I, but , literally
meaning "vicinity," emphasizes that the location in question is nearby.
A. Z<D '-f-BOU-Y. $ H o T fe^^L^VN / N ° y ^ - y T t * l o
• Here the salesperson has omitted the topic marker l± after -f- 3 ^ 1 / — h. Often in everyday speech
you leave out (± and go straight into your comment about the topic.
33
'1.1
I !
^AR êi PATTERN PRACTIC
3 Connecting Related Sentences
The particle T after a noun can serve as a conjunction equivalent in meaning to the -fe form. You use
it to connect a sentence ending in T t to another, related sentence. You can connect two sentences
in this way even when they have different subjects or topics, as in:
5 ; U X ^ 5 A ( ± i j t f A T . im^/Ci± B + A T t o
Mr. Mills is a Canadian and Mr Kato is a Japanese.
or- (hi-^i)<D{i) é v ^ t)^^s^< 6r\ ^i^ i-sou-ht/^ x - ^ T v ^ i t o I * ' '
It's a white paper bag, and inside it there are chocolates.
H Construct sentences as in the example.
m) T t ^ A l i X ^ X A T . t A T v ^ i t o
1) - f i H ^ A I i - < A c - L T t o ( « ^ 5 A ( ± ) 5 7 b X ' ^ A ( ; ) T t o
2) C H I ± v ^ ^ l f X X ^ v ^ - f i -^ X T t o ( : : H I ± ) vN^^ l fA i^vN T t o
3) r ^ ^ A l i X ^ X A T t o $ 7 U X - ^ A ( ± ^ ^ / A T - t o
4)
c in l i ' t >mt>M<iM,iV h-f^t^ th ing lef t behind
i T i ' Anna
3 4
The -te (or -de) form of an adjective, too, can act as a conjunction. For -/ adjectives, you get the -te form by dropping the final v from the modifying form and adding < T , e.g.:
é v ^ ^ Ó < T
white -c white and . . .
For -na adjectives, you drop from the modifying form and add T.
convenient -> convenient and . . .
Examples:
Z(D ^ ^ ^ o : < ^ | ± é < T A ^ V N T ' - f o
This paper bag is white and big.
The subways are convenient and cheap.
You connect two or more adjectives with the -fe form when they are both/all either positive in meaning or negative. When you want to connect a positive adjective with a negative one, as in the following example, you have to use the particle -Ó\
This cake is delicious but expensive.
I Complete the sentences as in the example.
-*Z<D i-f\^fz^Ai
2)
-*Z<D li^^fz^Ai
3 ) ifi^K i 4 f A
-^Z(D i-f^^fz\Hi :
35
( IJƒ Describing Ongoing Actions o r States in Ef fect
The -te imasu form of a verb indicates an ongoing action, e.g.,
I am drinking water
or a state that is in effect, e.g.,
I am wearing a coat.
The precise meaning—ongoing action or state in effect—depends on the meaning of the verb. If
the verb expresses a process—for example, "to drink"—then -te imasu with that verb will typically
indicate an ongoing action. If, on the other hand, the verb describes something that happens more or
less instantaneously—"put on a coat," for instance—the meaning of -te imasu will be that the action
has been completed and a state is in effect as a result.
I am wearing a tie.
I am wearing a hat.
I am wearing black shoes.
I am carrying an umbrella and a newspaper.
/ - c o TV N i t o
I am standing. I am sitting. I am riding in an elevator.
p u t on (a necktie)
p u t on (a hat)
sit
Two highly frequent verbs that well exemplify the "state in effect" meaning of -fe imasu are X ( i ±
V 0 ' i i " t , "to go inside," and o $ i -f, "to attach to," "to come with."
Wine is in the glass. A flower is attached to the bag.
Describe the pictures below by using the appropriate verb.
1) I±C1C
2) $ A C | C ^
3) ^-t- if;^-y Mc : ;
4) ^MfA lc
5) X - V ^ - X i Z
6) v + y i c
7 ) y f - l c
8) T ^ ^ -
1) ^ ^ ^ 2) fe^ 3) L J: ^ V 4) Nothing
7 ) 7 7 ^ F't°-f h 8)^<JlzJsz-
/ • 7 X glass
/ < -y 9' bag
'^'b t i ' a t tach (to), come w i t h
l ± C box
iLZ safe
+ + t ' ^ - - -y h cabinet
X — " y i r — X suitcase
-> + -y shir t
T - " * ' — i apar tmen t
L J : •!> V ^ documen t
iL\i-tz t ag y ^ ' t H ' * ° T h t rench f r y
•'</\^o—— balcony
HI] "Going Somewhere to Do Something"
You use the -masu stem of a verb, followed by- |C 0 $ i "t, ^ ( i t , or IC T- X. ' j
i -f, to express the Idea of "coming," "going," or "returning" to do something.
I'll come and get it right away.
Note that although the verb in this sentence is $ i ' f , "to go," in natural English you usually
say "come" if you are imagining yourself to be where the other person is.
I Change the sentences as in the example.
1) ^i^^'t ^ i t o
2) ( D J ^ t - t o - > ^
3) fe<A^ 7 ^ T ^ H N i t c ^
[ Read the following sentences aloud while considering their meanings, and repeat them until you
have memorized them.
3) ^ )7 t / X ^ J: < IC $ o , T ^ % H N | c n ^ i - f .
A) ^iZ/L^ J: <lz izi-o^ ^ i j l c n ^ t - f o
5) 7 ^ I C hir^i<Dt: ^ ' J i c ^ X ' j i t o
zA^i::' box lunch
next t ime
visit (lit., "p lay" )
F
mm
WORD POWER
I. Belongings:
® 7^
® 7 r ^ 71/
® L J : ^ V N ® V 7 7 - ® ^ M ± X =7- h @ 7
7T^'"(tv^ ® T ^ J : 9 ®ltvN/cV^ ®f)^^'
II. Materials:
® 7 ° 7 X t - y 7
@ 7§^^
® e ^ - - 7 U
® 7 ^ ^ » ^
® 'y-ji
I. Locations:
®U^fzL<D ^
l J: i W i '
9 T i ^ l t w
< ^
glasses
g love
d o c u m e n t envelope
scarf
w r i s twa tch
7'yXi-y C plastic
leather
vinyl
w o o l
ny lon
f-y 9 desk
\lLfi.-i-£ bookshe l f
39
SPEAKliMG PRACTICE
P I. On the telephone with a taxi company's lost and found office:
t^i • -f^t'&Lo y^'y-lz < ^ V N ^-h(D
^ ^ . > „ ^ < V N L ^ < 7 } A : L J ; 7 L J : 9 fei^</-£^vNo
Nakamura: Excuse me. I left a black leather coat in a cab.
person from the taxi company: About what time did you ride with us, and from where to where?
Nakamura: This morning at about nine o'clock I got on in Shibuya and got off ^
in Roppongi.
person from the taxi company: Please wait a moment.
II. In a coffee shop, asking whether one's forgotten umbrella has turned up:
1^<D A : ^ i % { f z ^ \ \
J^(D A-.-f^t^Lo ^-^'ltLtz-ö\ r'^5^^i-t!:Ao
l i l X : ^iX"t-f}\ r:i to
Mills: Excuse me. Was an umbrella left behind here?
shopkeeper: What kind of umbrella?
Mills: It was a blue folding umbrella marked with the letter M. Just a while ago I was sitting
in a seat near the window. Is it under the chair?
shopkeeper: Please wait.
shopkeeper: I'm sorry. I looked for it, but it isn't there.
Mills: Oh. Thank you.
I t ^ • this morn ing Z'i'^^t-H/^ it is no t there (pol i te f o rm)
L I 1 L i j a l i t t le (pol i te f o rm)
at ( t£-^^^ please wa i t (pol i te fo.rm)
a^lfzfzA^ f o ld -up , fo ld ing
•7 — ^^ mark
- 7 $ jus t now, only a m o m e n t ago
-t f J seat
m^Lt-t look for, search f o r
WORD POWER
I. Parts of the body:
® < Xf
®U^' II. Parts of the face:
®f)'A. (<D\-f)
®Utz\^
®tn) ( i f )
® (±^/
© l i f e
®U\i'
®hU
® < %
li. Personalities:
®
® fe ^ L V ^
® fe L 6 V N
® $ t/' L o
neck irp ( I f ) eyebrow gent le, k ind
9 T arm nose i t x $ m energet ic
chest, breast an cheek m i ld -mannered
e lbow Ulf beard, mustache ±\:tö(ii:) serious
wais t ear s tubbo rn
knee <% m o u t h str ict
7 } ^ ^ ( c o l t ) hair cheer fu l mean
fo rehead cold 41
^ I.Talking about a famous person one saw:
Nakamura: Yesterday I saw a famous person at the airport.
Mills: Oh? Who?
Nakamura: Uh . . . uh . . . He's a Brazilian soccer player with big eyes and long hair. . .
Mills: I know! Ronal, Ronal something or other.
Nakamura: Right! That guy!
[ ) II. Talking about an apartment one found:
^ l i x : Y:L-^£ r ^ < - V T - f ^ \
Nakamura: I finally found a good apartment.
Mills: What kind of apartment?
Nakamura: It's not very spacious, but it's new, close to the station, and has a small terrace attached.
Please come and visit sometime.
Xr) really? -tiL'C-h'' someth ing o r o ther %^^i-fi smal l
%.7^t h m m . . . , u h . . . t ha t is r ight r 7 X ter race
•y- y 7!7 — I f A L * soccer player V ó at last, f inal ly
h-b^':'fz I k n o w l A - T ' i ^ U i ' f be able t o f i nd
] R E A D I N G T A S Ê C V
fe ^ ^ < 5 A ^ fe < Ij 1^ t Ltzo N $ X o IC ^ Ij IC
3) •^ /UX^5AI± I T ^ H N C ; ) XJ\£-\Z f i j d t fe < U lc ^ f ^ i L / c i ^
5) ^ )\^XiL(n X^xiM ^ X t - T ^ J : 9 X-f-b\
Answer the following questions:
1) llX^X^Ut ^<f)i 5 i : ^ X jnT^ ltLtz-ö\
2) ^ ; U X ^ A I i ^ H N ^ X o i c 'fpj^ h-fKtLtz-ö\
VOCABULARY
about , concern ing
fe^b'j i t
fe< ' j ic ^ T $ i t
fe < U i t send
see (someone) o f f
tab le
end, f inish
7 U - A f rame
system no tebook
b r o w n
4 3
in
t
in
t
enter
A U i t
A t L i t
A n
A ^
A
enter
A U i t
A t L i t
A n
A ^
fire
A tf
* A B 1 H • !>> J: •? V
fire
A tf
* A B 1 H • !>> J: •? V
water
c
A f
water
c
A f
gold money
. i L i ï tf
9
gold money
. i L i ï tf
45
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate particle.
1) 7 ° H f > hl± g ( ) ^^v^T•L J: i f)\
3 ) v^*. 7 ( ) "d^' S}"'^'"^"
4 ) ( ~) U^yy^^ X o T v N J t o
5) X-^^-K <D^i;(Di T^HN ( ) m t t o
Ul Choose the correct word from among the alternatives (1-4) given.
B : VNVNx.. ( ) ^ - t i : ^TL /co
1 . ^~~CT 2 . >fZ iz 3 . ^"'Z 4 . t
2 ) A : <75. ;<73(± r 7 - t - ^ Z i t, ^ tl ( ) l^v^T-f '^^
B : t - ^ am^'^^lÈi-.
2 . ^ 7 j < 3 . '" >b7 ~ 4.^5J'^^
3 ) A : ( ) fe^^lf^ 7^^v^i-ti:^^^„
1 2.'^^)- 3. tU'Ltj: 4 . ^"7
4 ) A : t ^ i - t t A c b i c 7^^|^X^ ^ - t ^ i L / c o
B : ( ) ^ M ± X T t 7 j \
I . ^ X ^ j . ' 2 . '~7 L T 3 . v ^ o 4 . ^ X T
5) A : - f - L ^ -Z/L.l't^tl t $ ^ $ « t T ( ) vNt , i iX t è T - f ^ J ^
41= 41:
] ] ] I Change the form of the word given in parentheses to complete the sentence in a way that makes
sense.
1 ) Z<D il/y\t ( ) . ^ ^ ' j T - f o ( / j N ^ v ^ T t )
2 ) ^5V , C0 t i c 7 l / x - y h ^ - K T ^ ^ ' ( " ) v ^ i t o ( x U i t )
3 ) 3(7) <-o¥ ( ) c ^ T t VNVNTt^\ ( l i ^ i t )
4 ) A4-^f-;H± ^-My-f)' ( ). ^ ^ ^ X ^ ^ H v T X o (VHNTX)
5) ^ I M C feTi^* ( ) IC ^ T $ i L / i o ( « ^ i - r )
• l^'/ Choose the most appropriate word or phrase from among the alternatives (1-4) given.
L i ^ j O ^ N 2 . fe t vN 3. ;^VN 4 . ^ - ; ^ ^ ^
2) Z<D o - h . ( ) ^ T i , w v N T t ' * ^
1 . L T 2. $ T 3. livNT 4. i\l'^'oX
3) 7 I t - ^ l t : 9 I t - ^ l t T - f o c z i c x^^x^^(D iö^^m^ h^)iirX<.
X i x : 9 c X ^ v ^ i t o ^^T ( ) m t - r .
1. fe< 'J lc 2 . ^ 5 ^ X l c 3.,hiriHz 4. ^ U lc
4) C t L ^ </-£Xv\„ 7 ° H f > h f f l l c ( ) </-c^v^o
l . - ^T^^oT 2 . 0 ' 3 A T 3 . ' ^ v^T 4 . ' ^ < - ^ T
5) T^^-hc7? ( ) IC : ^ t / ( 7? fe^^lf^ * , ! f i L / c o
1.^~~9UJ;9 2. L J ; 9 L 3 . r v X ^ y h 4 . ^ X ' j A IC/C
. / ^ Fill in the blanks with the correct reading of each kanji.
1) A$vN i j A r i l ^x/LT-to
( ) ( ) ( )
2) ^ ^ l ± r7 -h7 j< A ^ ^ < * ) ' ; i - t o
( ) ( ) ( )
3) « 5C<7) tlijt;t,^< A A ' 9 ^ I C ^ i - f o
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
47
The focus of this unit is, as the title
suggests, building rapport. One ex- i
pression commonly used in daily
conversation, and useful in building
relationships of trust and understand
ing, is the sentence-ending ^ T " ^ .
This ending carries a variety of nu
ances depending on how it is used
and thus is said to be particularly dif
ficult to master. But one learns best
by doing, as the old adage goes; so
first listen to how AT'- f is used in
the dialogues in this unit, and then
try out the expression in real con
versations with the Japanese people
It's seven o'clock In the morning. Mr Mills comes to the office earlier than usual and to his surprise sees Ms. Nakamura there.
t # : v H N X o 4 ^ 0 ( i c ^ T ^ X B t f t - f ^ ^ T i - o
^ JlX : H ^ - ' ?
^ ; l ^ X : z C T i - 6 / L T i - ^ \
tj ?:;!;- ; {sees Shika Chandra enter the room) h . i7 ^/L'Ó^ ^ÈLfzo
I J I X : i : ^ . ; ^ X l f O T o
Mills: You're early, aren't you? Do you come at this time every morning? Nakamura: No. Today I'm going to do yoga, starting right now. Mills: Yoga?
Nakamura: Yes. I'm taking lessons twice a week from Shika of the systems department.
Mills: Do you do it here?
Nakamura: Yes, I use this yoga mat.
Mills: Oh, really?
Nakamura: Oh, here's Shika now.
Mills: Well, enjoy yourselves.
50
< s
iipï
L*9
early
come
star t ing n o w
yoga
do
per week
week
per (particle)
213 tw i ce
t imes (counter)
systems depa r tmen t
depa r tmen t
m a t
use
oh , really?
^ X l f ^ / ^ X l f ' j i - t d o o n e ' s b e s t
This expression means "It's early, isn't it?" You often use it in the morning to start a conversation.
Mr. Mills is surprised that Ms. Nakamüra is at the office at 7:00 a.m. and is interested in the reason.
However, since it would seem a bit abrupt to ask the reason right away, he starts off by commenting
about how early it is, thus indicating that he wants to talk to Ms. Nakamura.
2.
You usually address a person by their surname followed by ^ Xv, though you can sometimes use their
given name and ^ ^ depending on the person and how well you know them, or depending on the
formality of the situation. Here we can assume Ms. Nakamura knows that Shika Chandra prefers to be
called by her given name.
There are three points to be made about this sentence:
(1) The particle |C, "from," is used with the verb ^J: h^^tiT, "to learn," after the person from
whom one receives lessons, in this case Shika.
(2) ^ -oX^^i> is the plain, present-affirmative form (to be discussed shortly) of^Xh-oX^^t i " . Here ^X^^i denotes a habitual action.
(3) By using ^ X'iT, Ms. Nakamura is offering an explanation of why she is doing yoga at the com
pany. (For the basic usages of /CX"'t, see p. 57.)
•4. ^X-o Mr. Mills is showing an interest in his colleague's unexpected answer. This is one of those expressions
that comes out almost unconsciously. If you say it either with too much emphasis or indifferently, it
sounds sarcastic, so be careful.
5. i : ^ . ^ X l f o T o
Ti'A.il'o X is a shortened, less formal form of 5^^X(±X T < ^ V \ f romthe verb ^ X i f ' J È
•f", "to do one's best." Traditionally you used this expression to wish people good luck or encourage
them. Nowadays, though, you use it more broadly to mean "take it easy" or "enjoy yourself."
Ü
/ : PLAIN FORMS OF V E R B S ~ \
In Book I you learned the -masu form with its variations -masen, -mashita, -masendeshita, and
-mashó. The -masu form represents a standard polite speech style, one that anyone can use
in almost any situation without sounding rude. In this lesson you will learn about plain forms,
which express another, more casual speech style known as the plain style. As the table below
shows, there are plain-form equivalents for the -masu form and each of its variations.
tense -masu form plain-form equivalent
present aff. ^ X dictionary form
present neg. -na\ form
past aff. -ta form
past neg. -nakatta form
Plain forms have two functions. One, as already noted, is to express the plain style, which
is used In conversations among intimates (to be discussed in Unit 5) as well as In certain forms
of writing (to be discussed in Unit 4). The other is to modify elements in a sentence to create a
variety of semantic constructions, among them ^ T ' f presented in this lesson.
As the table shows, plain forms have two tenses, present and past. However, when a plain
form is used to modify another word, its tense does not indicate the tense of the entire sen
tence, nor does it show the politeness level of the utterance, both of which are determined
by the form at the end of the sentence.
There are also plain forms for adjectives and nouns H - T t . You will learn about these in
Unit 3, Lesson 8 (p. 121).
52
{ O Plain Forms of Verbs (1): Present-affirmative and Present-negative Tenses
The conjugation table below will help you to understand how to make some of the plain forms from
the -masu form.
Verbs have basic conjugated forms that are useful to remember (the -na/form, the -masu form, the
dictionary form, the conditional form, and the volitional form). The plain form corresponding to the
present-affirmative -masu form is the dictionary form, called that because it is the form in which verbs
are listed in dictionaries. The plain form of the -masen form is the -na; form. In this lesson, you will
review the verb forms you learned in Book I and also learn how to make the dictionary form. You will
learn about the volitional form in Unit 4, Lesson 11, and the conditional form in Unit 5, Lesson 14.
As you learned in Book I, Japanese verbs are divided into three groups based on their patterns of
conjugation. The following table shows how Regular I verbs change their stem vowels (a-i-u-e-o) in
the various conjugations, while the stems of Regular II verbs do not change. There are two verbs that
fit into neither the Regular I nor the Regular II group: ^ ( ( ) i> (dictionary form of ( i t )
and t i> (dictionary form of L i t ) . These are the Irregular verbs.
-nai form -masu form dictionary form conditional form volitional form
h 1 * f e 9
T^Mtlf
feJ; C feJ:iflf fei:r-r
l - j - L i t l i t I t - t i r i f t - t 9
Regular 1 t t , t - r i o i T I f i ^ 9
L i c i t Ltó L ^ l f L<Dn
XU'ti- J ; - < i i ; l \ t i
(DtJ (DM
^ X 'j i f •b^^h 1
fz<t-r fz-^KM. tz<l 1
Regular II hl-ft-t h\1h m x 1
Regular II ^ i t Ui UX 1
fe 'j i t fe'J i fe 'j t L i f fe U J: -7
Irregular * i t
<
* ^ l f <
f X i Irregular
L i t t-2> t ^ l f LXi
NOTE : The -na/form of ^ ' j i t (dictionary form h i , a Regular 1 verb) is tcv V
mm-i\
L i c É - t
swim
die
Change the verbs to their dictionary and -na/forms, as in the example.
•IV >
Regular I
2) ï ^ i t
3) tö$^i-r ->
4) ( i ^ L i t
5) t>t>t-t
6) h ^ t / i i - ^
7) XUtir :
8) ^ ' j i - f ->
9) <D^)ii- ->
10) ^^^U i t
11) - ^ n v i t
12) ^ i ^ v ^ i t
Regular II (NOTE: R2 indicates a Regular II verb in the vocabulary below.)
13) V N i t •
14) $ i t (wear)
15) * > r / i t
16) T i t -*
17) L b - < i t
18) ^ ^ i t i t
19) . ^ - t i r i t
20) feLxit ^
21) ^ 9 t a i t ^
Irregular
22) * i t
23) L i t
VOCARULAIIY
54
Ittcli-f * > y t t ( R 2 )
T i - t ( R 2 )
take o f f (clothes, shoes)
ta lk , speak
take (a shower)
come out , leave
L t ' < i -f" (R2) investigate, look Into
[fl Asking f o r and Offering Explanations (1)
You use L T t "f}^ to ask about another person's circumstances, and kj T t to make someone else
better understand your own. To get a feel for how these constructions are used, let's take a look at
the Target Dialogue again.
D l X : l i ^ v ^ T t i l ^ o « Z(n Bff,aic * é ^ T t 7 J ^
Mills: You're early, aren't you? Do you come at this time every morning?
Nakamura: No. Today I'm going to do yoga, starting right now.
Here the question ending in / C T t ^ ^ ^ shows that Mn Mills wants to know the reason why Ms.
Nakamura has come to the office so early. ( t ^ ' h i ) Z (7) B^ fa^ L TJX) IC ( $ )
i t 7) and^$n ( i ^ ^ * ^ ) Z<D ( U / ^ X ) K * ( < ) iA.Tirb^ both mean "Do
you come at this time every morning?" The difference it that the latter is asking not only for a yes or
no, but also the reason. B i f t t -S / C T t gives the reason. The following exchange, also from
the Target Dialogue, is similar in terms of the speakers' intent.
5 )IX : Stf {t-fiLX-f-h<) ?
t # : XlX-o v X - f A$|3<0 V 7 > ^ ^ | C ^ J . X o T V ^ ^ ^ T t o
D l X : Z C T t • ? . ^ T t ' J \
to Mills: Yoga?
Nakamura: Yes. I'm taking lessons twice a week from Shika of the systems department.
Mills: Do you do it here?
Nakamura: Yes, I use this yoga mat.
Be careful about asking questions with L T t f}'^ all the time, though, since it can sound as if you are
prying. Also, try not to overuse / C T t in answering people. There is no need to use / . / T t when
you are just stating facts or telling someone what you saw just as it happened. Even if someone asks
you a question with /C T t f)^, you do not have to answer with A T t unless you feel some special
need to explain your situation.
You can use verbs, adjectives, or nouns in front of L T t , but this lesson will deal only with verbs.
As the Target Dialogue demonstrates, you use plain forms (the dictionary form, the -nai form, and
their past tenses -ta and -nal<atta) before / . / T t
For other basic usages of T t , see p. 57.
55
Complete the answers to the question as in the example.
i\^t>i i: i)>A <
-f^lj) ZM^h ^Hs$-<7) CrP/Lt/i L i - f
A : 4-H{± zM'h T^Hx^c;) C t ^ A ^ X j-^/jTj-é
^ A : 4^HI±
2) C ^ T ^ X - a . - 3 - 7 L L ^ J i xUti'TjHN^-X L i - f '
-> A : v^Nxio 4^H(i
3) zM^ty L z X ( 7 ) t i c x . - i f - ^ ^ X X T feJ:$-it
^ A : vHN;i„ 4 - H l i
A) zM^h fe$^<^5i^ vNt>lflc i 5 ^ ^ x v ^ L ^ t
A : V n !±.... . •
5) zM^h (iziiz fe^^<^fi^ t ;^^; i ic n ^ i - t o
A : vNVNXo 4^H!±
6) ^ H v L ^ T * g r " | ± A ^ fz-^i-to
-> A : x.Xo 7) « l c | ^ ^ r x ' i x - ^ r v x i - f o
-t> A :
C !>-A
A :
Oi^ l f
do preparat ions
preparat ion
teleconference
customer, visitor (pol i te fo rm)
market
show (someone) a round , guide
guidance
tji^X.\z \^i±i- go to meet
tji''i. i -f (R2) meet, we lcome
- t ^ T ^ ^ J - t be empty
" f $ É i " become empty
In - ' .Ul ' l ' i !
/ USAGE NOTE \
Here we summarize tlie usages of ^ T t introduced in Units 1 and 2. More detailed explanations can be found in the Notes and Grammar & Pattern Practice sections.
(1) as a prelude to a request or an invitation (see pp. 18, 69)
^^^/zt ^ H N / : : V N ^ T - r ^ M ^ X | C h')tirb^)o (LessonZ)
I'd like to buy a yukata, but. . . (where can I find one? / will you show me where they are?)
h l f z fe^•d:^lC ^ t < ^ T • t ^ ^ L J: (c VN7^^7^<T1-^ \ (Lesson 5) v\
We are going to a hot spring resort tomorrow. Would you like to come along?
As the first example shows, you can sometimes get by with saying only the introductory part of
the sentence. That is, you do not have to come out with the question directly.
(2) offering an explanation (see p. 18)
Do you have a bigger one? My younger sister is taller than me, you see.
(3) asking for or giving an explanation (see p. 50)
ZZT { B t f t ) -thhT-f-h^
X;to Z(D BifW ^ y V t 0 7 J ^ 9 ^ T t o
Do you do (yoga) here?
Yes, I use this yoga mat.
(4) declining an invitation or a suggestion, (see p. 69)
lo K.
Would you like to go to a hot spring with me tomorrow?
I'm sorry, but I have things to do tomorrow.
(Lesson 2)
(Lesson 4)
(Lesson 5)
(5) stopping in mid-sentence (see p. 82)
t x ^ / • c ^ T t ^ ^ • o
I took medicine, but. . . (I still feel bad).
(Lesson 6)
Expressing Frequency
The particle K following a period of time means "pen" When a number and the counter © (f)^^ 0 , "times," comes immediately after |C, the sentence tells you how many times per period someone
does something or something happens. For example:
I'm taking yoga lessons twice a week.
Common periods include:
(= 1 ^ F B I )
1 H#f^
1 H
^ ' ' ( = 1 y^^n)
^ ( - 1 ^ )
a week
an hour
a day
a month
a year
The same IC + number formula but with a period instead of 0 (T^H is also used.
1 ^Ft^lc lOBfFB^CXvN < L i i i t L i t e v>.5 L 0 Ï 4 - A l; i^L
I study Japanese about ten hours a week.
To review adverbs for expressing frequency (from Book
100%
0%
V x o %
I <
>1 $ >ds
ht 'J -tfX-tfX
always
often
sometimes
occasionally
not very often (used with a negative form)
not at all (used with a negative form)
Examples:
A : J: < VB^yXt L i - r v 5 \
B : x ix io
B : % H T I ± 'j i - t i -A^^ ^ ic 5 B < X v N L i t e
A: Do you jog often?
B: Yes, i do. .
A: Everyday?
B: Not everyday, but about five days a week.
58
Almost every week I go drinking with colleagues.
Complete the sentences based on the schedule.
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 1 2
iclïACco 3 4
iciiAc'w t"y X y
5 'ys^'y^'
6 f - - x •
7 i>"3 4='y/
8 9 |ci ^c*co L/yXy
10 11
l /yxy
12 13 f - - x • X^'-Zl/
14 ya^y9'
1) \Z(ILZ'<D \yyXy^^ i t o
2) x - X ^ ^ b o T v x i t c
3) v ^ H ^ y / ^ L T v N i t o
/ USAGE MOTE \
Especially in long sentences, |C(J^C~C0 - ^ A ^ J ; ? ^ L i t (example at left) is often
stated more simply as IC ^ C X $ J; 9 L i t . Both expressions mean "I study Japa
nese." Grammatically, ^ / C ^ J: 7 is a noun followed by the particle t and the verb L i t ,
whereas " ^ / C ^ J ; 7 L i t , with t left out, is itself considered a verb. Constructions of the lat
ter type are called t •è verbs and are extremely frequent in both spoken and written Japanese.
almost
WORD POWER
L The daily grind:
®7!7 7 x l C
® f e $ i t @ v - v 7 - ^ ® 7 ) ^ f e ^ ® ( ± * «z*7j^~$it
f l cO
3 1 i l $/§ 'X- i t
® 9 * > ^ T i t ® XLL ^ ^
i ^ i t
® T ^ L ^ | c
<75'j i - t
s E S I
i± i : * b i t
( 7 ? < ^ i f
^ 1
x ^ < i t x u i t
mi (R2) ge t up X - ' y suit karaoke
• > + 7 - . shower ST^^-X * (R2) change (clothes) itz song
face café 1 tzl sing
wash stop o f f news
l i t ee th Utiöi, (R2) begin, s tar t ( « . ^ ^ bath
brush tavern i t l ^ (R2) go t o bed
II. Things to do on days off:
L i t Lt-r -^i'jÈi-
L i t * ^ f / ' i t L i t
^ T $ i t , feL^-<'j^ ' j J ; Z 7 ^ L i t '
L i t L i t
® 1 % T
< D L X f ^ } L i t
^Lfzii -ti, do laundry fe'L^.'^U* -f i talk, chat
-ti"/.'?c< laundry feLf^U talking, chatting
'<—<^a- — t: - f i have a barbecue Yy^y't: -f i go for a drive
y<—<^^_ barbecue Vy-iy' drive
' i V c o l t - S (R2) • t idyup OLXf^]-t.i relax
61
SPEAKING PRACTICE ^
||) I. 8:00 a.m., talking to a colleague who is preparing for a trip:
Ï JlX
I )IX
i-^y I )IX
L o ^ J: 7 i:-f-b\ xi.0 1 ^^<D uzi^T yyifTfs-)Uz ^T<^T-f-o
y y7>%i<-;l ic (± j ; < r t ^ \
Mills: Are you going on a business trip?
Chan: Yes, I'm going to Singapore on an eleven o'clock flight.
Mills: Do you often go to Singapore?
Chan: Yes, I have a meeting (there) every month.
Mills: That must be tough. Take care.
(f^^ II. 12:00 noon, talking to a colleague who Is eating lunch:
yij^L\t fe-:^^7^ t-^X {hhX'-f-f)\ ^flyVy-.xXomn mx -^{^LX-t. ^i^^Ut 'J J; 7
xXoiltiLtf # B b<\Ax<-b^ •jy\is^<D ^ ^ ^ 7 T • • t o
Shika, do you bring a lunch every day? Yes, every morning at 5:00 a.m. I get up and make one. Mr. Suzuki, do you cook?
No.
Not at all?
That's right. Almost every day it's either eating out or a box lunch from the conve
nience store.
Suzuki:
Chandra:
Suzuki:
Chandra:
Suzuki:
iyyifrf.—il Singapore U J: 9 ' i * Lift cook
i v ^ - ^ $ every m o n t l i ^ L J: < eat ing ou t
every (prefix)
/cv (•^•) t o u g h , rough, hard
U Jt 7
^ ^ ^ 7 T • t o
'( !)) III. 3:00 p.m., handing out sweets that one's boss has brought to the office as a souvenir;
A'ii • ts^W i^fi-^lTi-o t:'i ^\ it^A^i'^t, X 1 <D fe^^ifrto
iJlX-.hK-o. fz<ti:^'LT-r^\
m:^- i^^'^'t-rXofBU mtzt,>l L ^ o t L ^ o ^ / c ^ ( i 7/c 'v <75
n<LT-fr
Nakamura: These are some sweets from Kyoto. Please have some. They're a present from Depart
ment Manager Sasaki.
Mills: Thank you. I'll have some. • ^
Suzuki: ' No thank you. I'm fine.
Mills: What? You won't eat one?
Nakamura: Are you on a diet?
Suzuki: No, it's not that. Today I'm going to an all-you-can-eat shabu-shabu restaurant with a
friend.
/ CULTURE NOTE \
It is customary in the Japanese workplace for suppliers to visit the offices of their clients, or for
employees to return tp their offices after a business trip or vacation, with sweets—usually a
specialty product—from some place they have visited. Such confections are usually given out
around three o'clock (tea time) to staff seated at their desks.
uki, do you cook? '
1 from the conve-' ^ 1 ! IV. 5:00 p.m., talking to a colleague who is about to leave the office early for a change:
IXK t / y t ^ \ z niLT-To C^o
Suzuki: You aren't going to work overtime today?
Mills: That's right. My sister has come over from Canada. We're going to karaoke together,
right now. See you later
I t e l l f f A'-t, t Ï depa r tmen t manager izii^l ^ K r , wha t? L . j ; L . j ;
! ï ' < I/me ( in formal ; used by men and boys) fz-<lilt:^^ o \ V T ' - f no thank you , I am f ine . i'/Li' i t t:
; /A h d ie t ^ i'/L^'i i -ti
di f fer
shabu-shabu
al l -you-can-eat
do overt ime w o r k
overt ime
@ BU
® 5 ^" 7
® B 'j J: 7 'J ®x U t b^O
h U — — y j ' * t ra in ing
'>i-4 9 ') y^' cycl ing
f ' A H y ^ ' d iv ing
X y — K snowboard ing
Y ' É W I f U nnountain c l imb ing ' T}^ < draw, paint
K't mounta in U < play (an instrument)
i'^ijX karate hfz\^Z Japanese d rum
it'l tea ceremony fzfz<. beat, play (drums)
( 4 . D) I. Talking with a colleague about exercise habits:
-ti- S
i JlX
i JlX
Suzuki:
Mills:
Suzuki:
Mills:
Suzuki:
Mills:
2;bX'^/C(± l L ) f l t L T v N i - f ^ \
XX. mz 2 ® ya^^yXt L T v N i t o
: 7 t,<D t,-ó^< T t o iib^< IZ
: 3 0 ^^<%v^T-fo
Do you do any kind of exercise, Mr Mills?
Yes, I go jogging twice a week.
Where do you run?
Near my home. There's a park near my home.
About how long do you run?
About thirty minutes.
I PARTICLE REVIEW \
Take special note of the particles in these sentences:
x . - t ; - y ^ - 7 X S r - x ^ L i t o
znxkM T - X ^ ^ T ^ i t o
zixLm vs^y^m L i t o
• f O j l t ' J S l i L U i t o
L T A L ^ S i * , S l É J ' j i t o
^ i Q H <7 ) (3 ' i j i t c
I play tennis at a fitness club.
I go to a park to play tennis.
I jog in the park.
I run along Aoyama Avenue.
I walk near my house.
I travel around town on bicycle.
I climb mountains.
iL^il'i -fh exercise
1 exercise L ; T ^ L ^ ^ '
MLh run thi U Aoyama Avenue <n\th
street, avenue (suff ix)
bicycle
travel a round , go around
cl imb, go up (something)
II. At a bus stop, Interacting with an elderly neighbor who is carrying a duffle bag:
IJIX : •
feX^x<73A : X 9 y XK n < LT-fo
iiL-f£<DA : i l ; : 3 5 <Xv x T t o
L rf» 9 U
Mills: woman: I'm going to a fitness club. Mills: What kind of exercise will you do? woman: Weight training and swimming. Mills: Do you go (there) every day? woman: I go about three times a week.
III. Talking to a colleague who is carrying some flowers:
•t-f s
"f-^y : i ^ A : ^i^i ^ M t l f ^ x ^ ^j:h^'fz^'LTi-f)\ ^ i - y ^ A l i nzT tx i-^y:x-B<D t,T!)^<<D r / ^ i — r ^ — - t r y ^ — T - f o
: 9yx\± V N O h6LX-t-ó\ i-^y-.^m. 2 ® n.^<D 6 H f - « X T l - o êrMBlz V N O L J :
IC nr>XUi^Lf)\ V N V N T - f 7 ) \ J ; ^ L < H M ' ^ ' l t - f o
Suzuki: Ms. Chan, are you learning ikebana?
Chan: Yes.
Suzuki: 1 want to learn ikebana, too. Where do you take lessons? \
Chan: The community center near the station.
Suzuki: When are classes?
Chan: Two times a week, on Mondays and Fridays from six o'clock. How about going with me
this Friday?
Suzuki: Would it be okay? 1 look forward to your guidance.
•yx-A h F U - - y /
( f o (= i f - 5 j :T t / )
w e i g h t t ra in ing
commun i t y center
Monday
Friday
KANJI PRACTIC
every
• ^ ^ i: every
• ^ ^
—(• 4 - 4 -
morning
time
E3Bf J: U
^ B f < Si
I ' ff H H —>•
—i>
H
time
E3Bf J: U
^ B f < Si
between interval
V W L tf> 9 -h-^L
FB1IC^7 i *
l i 1' f P Fl' Fl between interval
V W L tf> 9 -h-^L
FB1IC^7 i * Fh Ffl
J: t l^^ J: t l^^
half
J: t l^^
-
sun
, H
^ B
* HBIH i c t i i If
1 n 5 sun
, H
^ B
* HBIH i c t i i If
moon
1 n moon V
^^^^^^^^^
groxmd soil
t tn V —s-^^^^^^^^^
groxmd soil
t tn V
^ 3 turn time
th
—13 1 — ^
1 ^ ^ 3 turn time
th
—13
V 3 n
i n r ï i
V 3 a —>
i f * D section
part a —>
i f * D
It is almost 11:00 p.m. and Mr. Mills and Mr. Suzuki are still working in the office.
^ 6 ^ 6 ' j f ' j i - t i - ^ ^ \ -
On the train, on the way home:
5 JlX : {talking to fiimself) '^ij^iltzo
h.iïL ? 73
t J l X : 91.-01 fz.-^^\z ^L'éL-h^ h 6 / i T i r i ) \
^ JlX : h l f z T ' r ^ \ ^ ' L n / C T i - i j \ h L f z l i ffi*^^' ^ ' S A T t o
Suzuki: It's getting on eleven. Shouldn't we go home soon? Mills: Oh, right.
Mills: Oh, I'm tired.
Suzuki: Mr Mills, have you ever been to the hot springs in Roppongi?
Mills: Huh? There are hot springs in Roppongi?
Suzuki: Yes. Tomorrow I'm going there on my way home with some people from our section. How
would you like to come along?
Mills: Tomorrow. I'm sorry, but I have things to do tomorrow.
Suzuki: Oh? Next time, then.
•5-5 I f A f
êk^: • ^ i r i r i ) \ i : ^ . ifz -)^<D $7iHN|Co
The train arrives at Mr. Mills's station.
I J I X : i : ^ . ^k\i zzTo i^-z^fj-K^io
Mills: Well, this is where I get off. Good night.
Suzuki: Good night.
VOCABULAHY • ' j . ' become ^
li¬
! (partiele indicat ing the result o f a change) Atz%)
^'b^'kltz I am t i red (talking t o oneself)
•O-b^-kl^ (R2) get t i red
•~ C ^ 7 ' h^ (see p. 73)
1) ' j go ing home (see Note 3 be low)
'tzt,
sect ion
people
(suff ix added t o nouns referr ing t o people to create a plural)
th ings t o do, errands
oppor tun i ty , chance
7 »N/fl i good-bye (see Note 7 be low)
1. 1 i B # ( i : ) IC ^ x i j i - f J i o
' j i i " means "become" and 1 1 Hf ( [!) \Z ^) t-f means "It is getting close to eleven."
Mr. Mills has lost track of the time and become absorbed in his work, so Mr Suzuki starts the conver
sation by telling him the time in order to urge him to go home.
2. ^6^6 This is an adverb equivalent in meaning to "in just a short while" or "it's about time." In this case, Mr
Suzuki is trying to urge Mr. Mills to go home, since he is not making any moves to leave, even though
it is late. You use ^ ^ when you are about to leave or when it is almost time to begin or end a
meeting.
3. 'Jf (f)'X) ' j K The -masu stem of a verb—that is, the part of the verb just before -masu—functions as a noun. Here
Dt (^^X.) U is the -masu stem of 'Jf (TJ^X.) ' j i t and means "going home." Followed by the
particle I - , however, the translation becomes "on one's way home."
4. UW<D A ( t A ^ ) 7 c ^ ^ n (^') < LTirb\ ^'-oLxK \^fi^f)'Ti-f)\ Like 'cp-ó'^fz t TÏ H TCV ^ ^ T t b ' from Lesson 2, this LTirb' is used as an introductory
remark. Here, however, it is a preliminary to an invitation.
5. ^'Ln/LTirf)\ hlfzU ffl* ( J ; 7 i:) TJ" h^LT-t. This A T ' t is used to decline an invitation. Mn Mills has to decline Mn Suzuki's invitation, but
instead of saying no outright, he states only his reason for refusing, adding A T t to it. Mn Suzuki
is supposed to understand that Mn Mills cannot go.
6. ^ A ( ^ / - c L ) (± C C T o
It is understood that a verb such as ü 'J 11, "to get off," or L " ^ ^ » . ^ L i t , "to take one's
leave," follows (hfz L) It Z Z T in this sentence.
7. i^-ob'K^io
Originally this was an expression you used to thank a person for his or her service. Nowadays, you use
it at work toward colleagues who leave the office before you at the end of the day. It is a courteous
way of saying good-bye.
( O Plain Forms of Verbs (2): Past-affirmative and Past-negative Tenses
The -ta form is the plain form of -mashita (the past-affirmative form of -masu). It follows the same
pattern of conjugation as the -fe form but with -fe replaced by -fa.
-nai form -masu form dictionary form -fe form -fa form ending
Regular 1
h-oX h-otz -ffe/ffa '
Regular 1
-ite/ita
Regular 1
* i J ; V NT- m\^fz -ide/ida
Regular 1
I t L i t t t I t L T I t L / c -shite/shita
Regular 1 i ^ i t i o i - ^ T t-ofz -tte/tta Regular 1
L i c i t L t ó L A T
-ndelnda
Regular 1
J ; t A - i t XLT -ndelnda
Regular 1
<7)i ^/VN ( D ^ i t (DtJ (DLX (DLt£
-ndelnda
Regular 1
f t t ' i n s 'Jt Ij i t •i-i.
' j f - ^ T n-.tz -tte/tta
Regular II
- f e - ^ i t fi tz
^<fz t:
-te/ta Regular II ^ i t i t U l f z
-te/ta Regular II ^ i t n.x n.tz
tt
-te/ta Regular II
# ^ ' j T t5 U tz
-te/ta
Irregular * i t
<
^tz -te/ta Irregular
L i t t ^ L T L / b -te/ta
NOTE : '') ^ i t (dictionary form < is an exception among the Regular I verbs in that
its -fe and -fa forms are (^^) -oX and -o tz, respectively.
/ -TE FORM REVIEW \
The -fe form for Regular 1 verbs is obtained as follows:
final syllable before ~ i t changes to
o T
LX-
\^X
VNT
L L T
71
The plain form of -masendeshita (the past-negative form of -masu) is not given in the tables in this bool<, but it is formed by replacing -nai w/ith -nakatta. For example:
Change the verbs to their -fa and -nakatta forms, as in the example.
Regular I
1) 'ipti- -
2) hi>-^ti- ^ ;
3) ib^'È-t • 4) t ^ i t - :
5) / ^ H N ^ t
6) tch^'t-r 7) * * j i t ^
8) (Dlï^Jti- ->
9) c ^ ' j i t ->
10) h ^ t / t i r
11) XUti-12) It L i t
Regular II
13) V N i - f
14) $ i - f (wear)
15) * > t / i t
16) 'J i -r
17) t i ^ i t
18) nt-t ->
19) T i t -
20) L i ^ - < i t ^
21) l ± L A 6 i t
Irregular
22) * i t ->
23) L i t [
7 2
, ' I ' l
I Talking a b o u t Past Exper iences
The -ta form of a verb followed by Z tl-é' h ^) È-f expresses the fact that a person has experienced something before. For example:
A:^A<D i^L^/ilz ; f to7 'c * . ' J i t o
I have been to the hot springs in Roppongi.
A : ( ± v \ i - f o
Q: Have you even eaten sushi?
A: Yes, I have.
No, i have not.
Complete the sentences as in the example.
ai> A "A
\) (DUt-f ^ i t ^
2) ^ t ^ i t « i t ( c
3) mt^) i t t i d i i c . , .s. l;
4) (7) Ij i t - - LATj^A-t fAl :
< ' A N /
73
WORD POWER -=
I. Experiences in Japan:
©-ft 1
• . : i„ . , : ! j l i
74
( f c ) L ^ castle
large statue of Buddha
i ï X Jl' U Bon Festival dance
' j . ' ^ ' j J: 7 U meal cooked in a pot a t the tab le
• i ' ^ p o t
az<DA-K''^ f l ou ry ome le t contain ing vegetables and meat o r seafood
L Jt 7 * 7 shochu (k ind of alcohol)
t -zi't^ ><• th ick, b i t te r green tea used in tea ceremony
SPEAKIWG PRACTICE
(^1^ I. Talking to a colleague about experiences climbing in Japan:
Kato: Have you ever climbed Mt. Fuji?
Mills: Yes, I have.
Kato: When did you climb it?
Mills: Last year. It was fun, but I got very tired.
D) II. Getting information from a colleague about a place one wants to go:
f:'u If u ^ D | | : xxo
: K'j T l f z ^ \
') yy 9Xlt IfzXo
IJIX : ^~ "7^oT n ^ t lfz^\
Mills: Mr Kato, have you ever been to the hot springs in Odaiba?
Kato: Yes.
Mills: How were they?
Kato: They were good. We bathed, and then we drank been We relaxed.
Mills: How did you go?
Kato: We rode the Yurikamome from Shimbashi. There's also a shuttle bus from Shinagawa.
•'ill ' j - ^ y ^ ' X - t S relax.
1 ) U t *!) Yu r i kamome (name of an automated train in Tokyo tha t runs f r o m the main land t o Odaiba)
s h u t t l e b u s
76
I. Telling the time:
3 £ j T t o It's three o'clock.
It's three o'clock exactly.
It's 1:55.
It's five minutes to two.
In five minutes it will be two o'clock.
In a few minutes it will be two o'clock.
4B4F 1 O^^T to
4B# 1 0^^^ t$ "T to - T
It's 4:10.
-It's ten minutes past four
tl-fC 9 Bf T ' - t o In a few minutes it will be 9:30. i; ttA,
9 B # ^ | C ^ / ' J i t o It's going to be 9:30.
a.m., in the morning
"^^0^ p.m., in the afternoon
morning
1.
t i
noon, daytime
evening
evening, night
exactly, jus t
t o . . . , before . .
later, a f te rward
in a f e w minutes
-ti'i (R2)
past ( the hour) (suffix)
pass
i | I. Pressing to begin a meeting:
mi^-- ^ 7 T t ^ o
IVlills: It's past ten o'clock. It's about time we started the meeting. Suzuki: Yes, I agree.
^ I)) II. Worrying about a colleague who is late for an appointment:
^ ij) III. Deciding when to have an appointment:
« : a ; b X " ^ 5 A . v ^T - f j f üo 7 ^ < ^ < < 7 ? 2 0 ^ ^ -f-^X
-ti- i
Kato: Mr Mills is late, isn't he? It's already twenty minutes past our appointment.
Suzuki: You're right. Shall I try calling him on his cell phone?
^^/ix-t^\
4 Bf IC |± ?-'iTi -To
S JlX : h-t)-^) t L T C O
Kato: Mr. Mills, what are your plans for today? I'd like to talk with you about the food fair
Mills: I have an appointment with Mr Takahashi at Nozomi Department Store in the after
noon, but I'll be back after 4:30 in the afternoon.
Kato: Well then, should we discuss the matter this morning?
Mills: Yes, that would be fine.
^ 7 7 Ï A t - S
appo in tment , promise
p lan, schedule
f o o d fair
consult
* 1 fiL consul tat ion
go /come back
dur ing the morn ing
dur ing (suff ix)
PRACTIC
S P E A K I N G PRACTICE
(^1)) I. Inviting a colleague to a soccer game:
t - f S SAJ: -5 tf A u
IJIX : ^'Ln/iTir^\ &mBU 7^i>^h ^'^'^'^^ h^LTto iA.ti tf u
Suzuki: Friday night I'm going to see a soccer game with some friends. Would you like to come
along?
Mills: It's too bad, but I have a meeting on Friday from seven o'clock.
Suzuki: Really? Well then, maybe next time.
^15) II. Inviting a colleague to a sumo match:
I ^ T K : i B ï H ( 7 ) -tti<D i - ^ y V t th-otzLT-f-ö^ \^-oLi\z 4 T f f s K tï u u
f T h ^ ' t l x i o
I JlX :b^^^)tlfz. * Ij ^ 1 z:^\ N i t c
Suzuki: I received some sumb tickets for Saturday. Would you like to go with me (to the match)?
Mills: I definitely want to go. I have been wanting to go at least once (to see what it is like).
Suzuki: Well, this is the ticket. I'll be there from around noon. Let's meet inside.
Mills: Okay. Thank you.
t icket (for an event)
have been wan t ing t o .
inside, midd le
READING TASiC
T ^ ^ y P i y r - K ^h-h^\^tLfzo\t\:^ t C L C ^ T ^ ^ o / c T - t o
VOCABULARY
$ ^ 9 hot-air ba l loon
^ L t hé year before last
if-)iy vy F gir l f r iend
Turkey
Cappadocia
tou r
part ic ipate
par t ic ipat ion
(±L*b beg inn ing , at f i rst
L a l i t t le, a bit
f r i gh ten ing
->-£-/)'>!h v iew
t i f t L^^ fabu lous , fantast ic, spectacular
7 9
Mr. Kato speaks to Mr Mills, who looks a little pale.
: | j : ^ < 7 ^ i - ' i t o T j ; ^ A / c ' i ï ? ^ ^ ' v H N T - f J : o -- . p . 8 4 ' ' ' ^ ' ^ ^ - p . 8 5
. p . 8 7
^ 0 ^ : t ; ' j ^ L ^ j - n ^ l ï l ^ ' v ^ v ^ T t J : o * ) ^ o T ^ ^ t 4 ^ 1 1 ^ p . 8 6
L H ) O - ^ J : 9 T L J ; 9 O
^ : (I7 t ::7 t ^y)
After a bad coughing fit:
S J: T
Kato: You look pale. Do you have a cold?
Mills: Yes. In fact, I have a bit of a fever I just bought some medicine and took it. Achoo I
Kato: You should go home early and rest.
Mills: But I still haven't written the report of yesterday's meeting.
Kato: You shouldn't push yourself. You leave on a business trip to China the day after tomorrow,
right?
Mills: Yes. (cough-cough). . . Sorry, I'm going to leave early today.
Kato: Yes, take care.
8 2
VOCABULARY
complex ion
not g o o d
cold
actually
go and buy (lit., "buy and come back" )
(sound of sneezing)
quickly, early (see p. 84)
~ / c iilT^J'^ V ^ s h o u l d . . . , had b e t t e r .
(JJ ' j ^ t •è force oneself, overdo It
- T L J; 9
impossible
should n o t . . . , had
bet ter n o t . . .
r ight? (see Note 5 be low)
(sound of cough ing)
ahead (of) (pol i te f o r m )
ahead
take care
impor tan t , precious
^ . - ö ^ Ü \ ^ ^ ^ ' X < h ^ } t ^ L U o
This means "you look pale." J: < ' j i -If /C is the same as J; < V ^ T t (introduced in Book
I). In fact, ^) U i -t+ /Ü or ^ T t may be used with any adjective to express the negative form;
the two are interchangeable. For example, V ^ L < ii) 'J i -tt A and fe ^ L < tt ' V N T t both
mean "not delicious," and ( f X ^ T [ ± ^ 'J i - t i - A / i f X $ L ^ > U i -ti:A and I f X $ T
l±-t.^^ ^ T t all mean "not healthy."
2. a ( . < t U ) ^ n m - ^ X ^ X i k { < D ) LfzLT-f^' o Mr Mills did not finish his sentence. This stopping in midsentence is one of the usages of L T t (see
p. 57). Had Mr. Mills continued, he would have stated that he has not gotten better yet or that the
medicine he took did not work, or both. Mr. Mills does not say all this, of course, because he knows
Mr. Kato can understand him well enough. By ending with L T t , you can imply that there is some
thing you do not need to say because it is obvious, or that there is something you hesitate to say.
These are giongo, or Japanese sound-effect words. ^^9^3 > represents sneezing, and ^"rh
y represents coughing. There is no custom in Japanese of saying, "bless you" or "gesundheit" after someone sneezes. Giongo are typically written in katakana.
4. r t . i f z ^ < D j < D ^ I t t (;*H N (D U t ' - h t # ( 7 ^ ^ ) V N T VNvi-vNATto This A T t is explaining a situation. Note that you can use /LX"t not only to answer questions of
the L X ' i ' - Ó ' ^ type but also to give explanations when you feel they are needed. Here Mr. Mills is
telling Mr Kato the reason why he is reluctant to leave early.
5. S ) ^ - 9 T ^ X t ® ( ^ 1 * 9 r ' O L » * - o ^ J: 7 T L J: 9o T L J; 1 is an inflection of T t Here Mr Kato uses it with rising intonation to confirm something he understands to be true. He is trying to persuade Mr. Mills not to push himself too hard, given that he is ill and has a business trip coming up.
6. fe:^* ( / c ^ ^ L ) l C
A^ (/cV N L) ti: means "important" and A^ (tz^ X ) IC t •?> means "take good care of."
(/c V L) jC shows sympathy and consideration for an ill or injured person, or those who have a famiiy member who is ill or injured.
8 3
ll •
• GRAMMAR & PATTERN PRACTICE
(• I] Using the Adverbial Forms of Adjectives to tViodify Verbs
Adjectives can change form to serve as adverbs in Japanese, just as they can in English. -/ adjectives
change their -/endings to -ku, and -na adjectives change their -na endings to -ni, when they modify
verbs. For example:
( ± ^ V N - * l ± ^ <
I got up early.
$^VN |C # V N T < 7 c X v N o
Please write it neatly.
n Change the adjectives to their adverbial forms, as in the examples.
m 1) l ± ^^^ ^
1)
2)
3)
4) L f '^^
5) LA-tf-o
6) lc •~Ae'7J
3 change the adjectives to their adverbial forms to construct complete sentences where the
adverbs modify the verbs.
-> L-f^Mc hi>^iiro
1) f=<Di\\ i t - r
2) ^1 \:t it-f
3) fe^^\ fe^it
4) i: J; 7-f\ 7 / c v ^ i - f z mé.
84
'Going S o m e w h e r e to Do Something and Coming Bade"
The -fe form of a verb followed by $ i t sometimes has the literal meaning of "go, do something, and return." For example:
mt M-^T^ilfzo <i-'J i¬
I went and bought some medicine (and came back).
n Change the form of the verbs to ~ T $ i t as in the example.
1) • ^ i - r ->
2) ^-ö'Lt-t-^ ,
3) ^ ^ i t i t - ^
4) ^ U t-f -
5) ^<t-f
6) fkut-r ->
3 Construct sentences as in the example.
-^y<yt K o T ^ T . ^<t-r. Tz
2) i t o t ^ c ^ i t o I ÏA J:
—>•
explain
explanat ion
everyone
' ID ] SVJaking strong Suggestions
The -ta or -nai form followed by ( i 9 5^^' ^ H N T " f expresses a strong suggestion: "should do" or
"should not do," respectively.
t)^-\fri-^\ llK-h. 9 ^ l c i J f - , T i^Lt; lilt)' V N V N T t J ; o
i ] ' ) t L^xvN ( i 9 ^ < vNVNTi -J ;»
You have a cold? Well then, you should go home and get some rest.
You shouldn't push yourself now.
Because a sentence with ( J 9 V NV essentially suggests that someone do something (or
refrain from doing something) that is better than what they are doing or thinking about doing, it can
sound pushy. Therefore, you should not use it all the time.
Complete the strong suggestions posed by B, as in the example.
A: t,j:^t: n-^t)' i t o
B : C ^ ^ . ( j : ^ < ' J t o / c ait)^ ^ H N T t J i o
1) - t c z i U L l z n ^ i - t o
A : iwl^t fe'^ L / c A T t o
-> B : llK-h.
2) t c 7 ) - K ^ n N L ^ i c T X ^ L i t o
A : 7 ) - F7J ~ t ^ ^ A T t o
-> B : \:^h.
3) t c L i^ut-r A : ^ T t O T j ^ ^ T v N i t o
^ B : i : ^ * ) •.
4) fzliz t t ^ ^ i - t f - A
A : (D}ft)' v N / c v ^ T t o
^ B : i :
5) feXIt^ # : ^ i - t i : A
A : * ) L / - C t A c 9 L A / - £ X - ^ < ^ ^ A T t c
^ B : i :
iT^z-K^Jn^ Lo
wel l t hen , in t ha t case
drop, lose
credit card company
I t A C Ï \JLfz/u heal th checkup
heal th
LLtzL checkup
"Not Yet"
The -te form followed hy ^^È-^tL sometimes indicates that something has not yet occurred or has
not yet been achieved. For example:
Q : è 7 hi lfzti\
A : t l i Lfzo
V H N ^ , Ut°-Ui • è i - t f A (TL;^c)o
Q: Have you already finished your report?
A: Yes, I have.
No. (I intend to but) I haven't yet.
No, I will not (did not) write it.
J Complete the answers to the questions, as in the example.
m) Q •• t l M.t lfc^\
S 5
1) Q : ^.7 fkUi Lfzf!\
A : (±VN.
2) Q ^-7
-». A
3) Q t l * i lfzf!\ _ A
4) Q t l - f c ^ i Lfzfi\
A
5) Q : t l l i f x l i lfzf!\
A :
i Complete the answers to the question as in the example.
Q : ^'/L^'X 1 Ti--ö\
1) /-ii<D ^ A i : ^ f z L t i -
— A : ^ x . .
2) L 'j J; 9 ^ i t J:
A : X.X
3) X - f ^ fe < 'j i t •
A: XX.
4) ^ l f t<^ i: t * A W T $ i t
^ A : XX
j Asking for and Offering Explanations (2)
You use A T t after adjectives as follows:
< ^ j . n . N T t
< ^X-h^-otzT-f
- ^ A ' j T t
^ - S V N A T t (-1 A D J E C T I V E )
^ 'S < t t H N A T t
^ ^ ^ ^ o / c A T t
< ^ i - 7 j ^ o / c A T t
X. Ij t t X T ' t ( - N A A D J E C T I V E )
- ^ A ' j T I i ' ^ / v N A T t
<L^]fz'ofzL-x:-f
After nouns, you use t t ' before A T t if the tense is present-affirmative.
^^-t f 'Tt ^ ^ - t f X A T t
^^ - t fY£X/cATt
m (R2)
response, answer
send, issue
data
g e t done
Symptoms and conditions:
State your symptoms using tlie words below. (See p. 41 for names of other body parts.)
L
ti-f-£fj'(D t , X l L
f}\l^L L X 1 t . X T - t o
< L^U Utc (u-f) h < W
t T L condition
/f y y y l / x W the flu
TU/l^— allergy 75\j>AL J: 9 hay fever
. i> -07}^J ;v^ hangover
i a . i ' - t - < sleeplessness ii-i^i -ti> get injured
1 : ^ 5 l ï l j - j e t l a g . Injury
lA < catch (a cold) <. L ^A- sneeze
; f a t ; ^ ^ sleepy -Hi cough
t ^ ) t / finger (itC ( A - f ) runny nose
t)<lf y a w n
T -6 come o u t
SPEAKIWG PRACTICE
^ 1); I. Asking someone wliether they have a cold:
Nakamura: Ah-chooi
Mills: Do you have a cold?
Nakamura: No, allergies. Ah-choo! A lot of people in Japan have pollen allergies. Mills: Is that so?
0) II. Asking someone who has been off with a cold how they are doing:
^ JlX: xtj'-^fzr-tno
Mills: How is your cold?
Suzuki: I'm okay now, thanks.
Mills: That's good.
Calling the office to say that one will be late because of an injury:
i?yi t - f i
i^X-oi^ hUz {it)^i L / c ^ T 1 - o ^ H ( ± ^m^h 5 ^ H N L ^
Suzuki: This is Suzuki. I'm in the hospital right now. Nakamura: What's wrong?
Suzuki: I sort of injured my foot. Today I'll go to the office in the afternoon. Nakamura: Okay. Take care.
tz\ ^ i : i : 7 ,5; ( i j : )
thanks (lit., " thanks t o you " )
okay all r ight , f ine
w h a t is w rong?
9 0
S P E A K I N G PRACTICE
I. Confirming the details of a dinner party:
l ivNo J ; ^ < L T . t r y - ; l . L i - f o
Kato: Where is the day after tomorrow's dinner party going to be held?
Suzuki: We haven't decided yet. I just received this pamphlet; how about this place?
Kato: Looks nice. You should inform everyone right away.
Suzuki: Right. I'll make a reservation and send out an e-mail (to everyone) immediately.
L J: < ITTSHN dinner par ty
dnnk ing par ty
we lcome par ty
farewel l par ty
LA ; faA7}H ^ New Year par ty
end-of - the-year par ty
cherry blossom v iew ing
Christmas par ty
i>fih{K2) decide
A'^iih everyone
L t - t i - -6 (R2) in fo rm
send e-mail
((^ ]fj II. Asking how preparations are going:
W
^00
^y^.tyxiz KLhi L i itz-b\
Kato: How are those materials coming along? (lit., "As for the preparation of the materials, is it done?")
Nakamura: (They are) not (ready) yet. The copier isn't working well.
Kato: Did you contact Maintenance?
Nakamura: No, I haven't yet.
Kato: You should call them right away.
^ ^ III. Working even during the lunch break to get things done:
fe^ic, ^a(± ^ i f t T c r ^ L r ' f ^ \ t t i L t * ^
5 / b X ' : ^ 7 T - f ^ \ L ^ . ^ T - ^ T ^ i - f o ' j f ' j i c i^ij^ H ' ^ T $ i L j : 7 ^ \
^ ; b X : ^ - X ^ < - i f - • -b-y h T t ^ o i L / c o
Mills: It's almost twelve o'clock. What about lunch, Mr. Suzuki?
Suzuki: Please go on ahead. I'm attending this afternoon's meeting, but I haven't finished prepar
ing for it (lit,, "preparations aren't done yet").
Mills: Really? Well then, I'll go out for a little bit. Should I buy something for you on the way back?
Suzuki: In that case, can I ask you to buy me a cheesburger combo from McDonald's?
Mills: A cheesburger combo? Okay.
material, data
maintenance
contact , get in touch (wi th)
contact , connect ion
please go ahead
i—X'<-if- • -by h
ask a favor o f
w ish , hope
McDonald 's (short fo r -79 Y'i-lV K) cheeseburger c o m b o
cheeseburger
( ~ | C ) T ' - ï . (R2) g o t o , a t tend
Read the following e-mails. Mr. Oki is working in the Düsseldorf office, in Germany. He gets an e-mail
from Ms. Tsuchida, who is coming to the office as a new staff member
±ffl
R E ; Ll^Dtchj
IC B A
<-r*j
•bKU L ^ 5 T ? ö^Drc l^U^Ir^o ö ^ < o ^ ® T^A-hfe ^ D ^ ^ o
VOCABULARY
tits i
consul tat ion
Oki (surnanne)
Tsuchida (surname)
Düsseldorf
of f ice
del ight - 0 $
w o r n e d
moving ( f rom one home t o another)
clothes
s t rong
furn ished
w i t h . . . , inc luding . . . (suff ix)
KANJI PRACTIC
•^^^^
medicine
i f •^^^^
medicine —
—>
buy
H 1
buy
H 1
- F
XXXJ
M
drink
4 1 drink i IA
tf4>f+ 1^ n I t I t tf4>f+
rest
meet gathering
^ 7 / •
meet gathering
^ 7
' f t discuss
•in. *•
i f
' f t discuss
•in. *•
Xi
*< —>
*<
—I»
•• write
—I»
••
L i
read
J: >»
i f
>«
S i
L i
read
J:
country
I' 1^ ifi PI country
•ttALci-j
y; •
!• lf-:> ahead
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate particle.
1) « Z(D BfJJ ( ) 7 J ^ ^ ^ L ^ l c ^ 6 L T i - ^ \
2 ) $ i V X v f < ) <7)(ï i j i L /bo '
3 ) t i - t C 5 f i * ( ) t c ' j tto
4 ) ^ ^ - t f -T t ^^ ( W < 7 * . ! ^ ' J f ^ / c ( ï . 9 ( ) V N V v T t J r o
5 ) ^ 0 7^<7? t , ^ ^ < ( ) i > | > \ N T ^ ^ i - f o
( I I Choose the correct word from among the alternatives (1-4) given. The same word cannot be used twice in the same dialogue.
B : ^ X ^ ^ T 4 ^ ^ ( ) ^ y x y ^ ^ - h^LT-fo
I.^M^io 2.ZKb-h 3 . ^ o $ A.ZLt:'
2) A : t i S ^ T t J l o ( ) m')t^L^\
B : ( ) UrT'-h^' T $ T v ^ ^ J . n ^ ^ T • t o
A : L : ^ fe^fcl^o
" 2 . - t ^ - ^ X 3 . ^ ^ - t - ^ 4 . i / c "
3 ) A : ^ - 7 L / c A T - r r ) \ r5^fevN^;^< J; < ^ > ' J i - t + / 0 ^ .
B : ( ) ^ o ^ < ^ ' ^ . A T t o C ) r / ' i 7 V ^ ^ | C > T - : > T $ i LT 'CO
1 . , € o ( ± 2 . ^ 0 $ 3 . tfJ/ 4 . C t L T J X
I'QII- Change the form of the word given in parentheses to complete the sentence in a way that makes sense.
1) # H fe-<^^7^ ( ) Lri-^\ ( t - o X i t i - )
2) T<Di nmz ( ) Lx-t-i)\ (3%^)titz) f£L. i:
3 ) « ^ i c ( ) z}ii< h^}t'f-ö\ m m t z )
5 ) = 7 y i f - - i c ^ t o T , L ^ o ^ ^ ^ ( ) è i - f o m ^ ^ i - r )
9 6
0 Choose the most appropriate word or phrase from among the alternatives (1-4) given. The word cannot be used twice in the same dialogue.
1) $4 fe$T. y^U-t (
I.U^'^ii- 2 . h ï / t i - 3.h^U'ti- 4 . * i ^ v N i t
2) r7^t^::^^t^yo (
i t 2.^^-tfX t - ^ TV N i t 3.^^-lfX ^ ' J i L ; ^ c A.M'i U^tlfz
3) A : hfzÈ^' VN/cVNATto
B : ^^^'Ti-i\ (
B : ^ i o ^ ( ) ^< ^ ^ v ^ ^ T t o
A : ^ 7 T t ^ \ i : ^ . i / c ( ) |c„
1 . 2. o r " ? 3. $^nN 4
Fill in the blanks with the correct reading of each kanji.
1) - S I C =13 Z(D mt # : ^ T < f c ^ v ^ „
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2) ^ { :^^ |C ^m<D Ujt°-ht ^ ^ t l f z .
( ) •( ) ( )
3) ttz ^mo ^a^Lco :^t M^Tv^ i - t ^ : ^o
( ) ( ) ( )
Seif-introductions are among the •
first things you practice when start
ing to iearn Japanese. Tal<ing such
introductions one step further, this
unit—based on the scenario of
someone returning to Japan after a i
hiatus—explains how to talk about
past events in your life, the history '
of the place you live in, and other
subjects you know well, incorporat
ing these topics with discussion of '
some fairly sophisticated grammati- |'
cal forms. Learn through this unit to j
talk more about yourself and your j'
environment in Japanese. :j
} .1
•1
Department Manager Sasaki is introducing Marie Martin, wlno has just been transferred from the Paris branch office.
After the self-introduction:
: VNVN;^„ : ^ ! ^ l c A ' S | y t - A ; ^ ^ l f z ™ . p . 103
f>'' ^ ' J i t o
A j i A T t / f a o
: X X . ^ 1 f!:L T t o (?t/m/ng to Ms. Martin) i±^fl'~ f^b-o X f)^ « ^ p . 1 0 4
i n n ! ü r '<
Sasaki:
IVlartin:
Suzuki:
Martin:
Kato:
Martin:
Sasaki:
Kato:
Martin:
Everyone, I'm going to introduce someone to you. This is Ms. Marie Martin.
Pleased to meet you. I'm Marie Martin. I graduated from college three years ago and joined
the Paris branch office. In Paris I worked in marketing. I look forward to working with all of
you.
Is this your first time in Japan?
No. Before entering college, I did a homestay.
Marie, it's been a long timel
Oh, Mr. Kato, I'm sorry i haven't been keeping in touch.
Mr Kato, you met Ms. Martin when you were working in Paris, didn't you?
Yes, that's right. We often went out to eat after work, didn't we?
That's right. I remember those times.
" I h V i M \ I t t : - T h I am go ing to make an in t roduct ion r ' / I T i \ t t I have no t been staying
7
VX
(pol i te f o r m )
graduate
graduat ion
market ing
fo r the f i rst t ime
homestay
it has been a long t ime
^ - O T J - ^ Lv N
in touch
on du ty (in)
Job assignment, dut ies
t ime, w h e n (see p. 106)
a f t e r . . . (part ic le; see p. 104)
nostalgic
C M S
1. ^N°iJ T l±
The (± of ~ °'J T l ± emphasizes the contrast between Ms. Martin's time in Paris and her current
assignment in Japan. You can add l± to a number of particles, including T, |C, K, h, and i T,
to express contrast. For example:
* D » ^ ^ l c | ± ^^^±ifzb\ i^A^LKu ^ v ^ ^ - ^ + ^ T L / c o
I met Mr. Kato, but I did not meet Mn Suzuki.
Today I am free, but from tomorrow I will be busy. But you cannot add l± to / '' or t:. I± replaces these particles entirely.
JA^(D L^L/Lt ^fz ZKl± h^)t'f-h\\ï-ofz
I have seen pictures of Hiroshima, but I have never been there.
till ^ . ' j i - l + ^ o
!l
11 I ;|||
' ;Si|il
2. s ; ^^ ( l c^^^ ) i± i±\:i6xrirf)\ Be careful of the difference between l± l^X, "for the first time," and l± liöiZ, "in the begin
ning," "to begin with."
101
3 . L . v i j T t ^ o / r \ v ^ / c L T v N i t o The first phrase means "I haven't seen you for a long time" and you use it as a greeting when you meet someone again after a long hiatus of being apart. 'if /c L T i "t", "I haven't been keeping in touch," is more formal and you use it when talking to superiors or when writing letters.
4. -f 7 ^xLX-fo Mr Kato responds with ^ 7 ' ^ ' A T ' f , rather than with 7 T ' t , to confirm that Ms. Sasaki's interpretation—that he had met Ms. Martin while working in Paris—is correct.
5 . ^ : ^ ( L J; < L) IC # ( V N ) $ i L / c ^ o
This is the same "go to do something" pattern that you learned about in Unit 1 , Lesson 3 (p. 3 8 ) . With certain nouns that are considered activities such as ' f e ^ ( L J: < L) , ^~Vl/"7, % ij)^ v ^ ^ CO, etc., the noun can be followed directly by iC (\. ) <.
L V ^ literally means "nostalgic" You say tt'O;^^ L V ^ when you are reminded of something out of your past, even if you are not particulaHy nostalgic about it.
1 0 2
[ O Expressing a Sequence of Events (1): "Before"
WÏ a x) IZ means "before." The verb coming before It" ( i |C is always in the dictionary form regardless of the tense of the verb at the end of the sentence.
K flL < i x IC Z
I began my studies of Japanese before I came to Japan.
However, when the emphasis is not on the order of the actions but on the duration of the previous action, you often omit |C .
l ; \ïL < i x ft^Ji>^ IC tlL Z'
I had studied Japanese for two years before I came to Japan.
Complete the sentences as in the example.
1) W& lil^t-to
2) K ^ i t o
3) A^t - to^-Jt 9 L i t o
4) X U i t c
I f i c . 3i7'i L i t e 4^.
wIK. ffA vry^t X < l ^ ^ i t o t i . t
I t lCs -è - t t ^ o < Ij i L/co tX iHiLf.
t r i e . 1 ^} xzit L i L/c i x u . , I f o
5) SIC i J t ' j i t o < IC il-X
t\K. HU'i^iit: %\^t L/co 4 ^ l i '
tfAV'y'-yy gu i debook
103
( [D Expressing a Sequence of Events (2): "After"
The -teform of a verb followed by ii^ h (hereafter ~ T f?) means "after ing." Do not confuse
this form with the f}'' h that means "because."
H ^ I C ^XTi^h. B^m<D < L i x l t ( ± i : * ^ i L / c o K HA i tz IJX- Z'
I began my studies of Japanese after I came to Japan.
'ó'^h can also mean "since . . . " and in this sense it is often accompanied by the adverb " f o ^ ,
meaning "the whole time." For example:
tz l i A 4 IC l i A ^
I have been studying Japanese ever since I came to Japan.
J Complete the sentences as in the example.
1) i - f o
f)'h. xt'-y^yXK n^t-tc
2) \Z i t c
• ^^1^. jt-^f-Jlt ^ ^ U i t o
3) ^ o ^ - j : 7 L i t e
^ f)^^. 'J i L ^ o
4) x ' j i t o
-> -ó-^s X .v^5^nN^cO
5) ^mz X U i t o
-*• f)-h. t o ^ ; t v NT^n N^60
y - y x y ^ L T v N i t o
- f"-p t h e w h o l e t ime, ever (since)
^ i . ^ ^ H ^ ^ 9 English conversat ion
é-\^h conversat ion
104
6 ) - t o ^ - j ; 9 L i t
7) X ' j i t o
•ó^h.-r-o)! ^ $ ^ 7 ^ L T v ^ i - t i : ^ o
L t * 7 ^ " 7 ^ L T v N i L T ' c
Read the following schedules and complete the sentences using either ~ l t i - or ~ T ^ ^ h,
as in the example.
5 : 0 0 5 : 0 0 ^
0 : 0 0 + v a ^ y X i i-6 6 : 0 0
7 : 0 0
8 : 0 0 8 : 0 0
7 : 0 0 + fcM:fLj:7^ t - S
7 ^ ^
Hi i-
m) i 'ix^Lit * g r • ( ± ^ ^ i t i c ^ X 3 ^ > / ^ L i t e
1) ^ / ^ x • ^ ^ l ± ^ | r ' l ± ^ ^ 7 * . * T i t o
2) -rji^y^m ^ % t i c ^ | r • | ± ^ ^ - ^ - ^ i t o
3) $ ; l ^X^A (± ^ ^ i l c / - J l i 1-xy9lt-to
A) -^Jl^y^Lii i-l^t ^ x y ^ L i t c
•f- X y y - t -5 check C -7 C 7 senior h igh school
(fc') I t L Jt 7 $• ' f ' ? ) make u p (one's face) o J: T ' f i T unt i l g raduat ion
( f c ) i t L J : 9 make-up ~ ± T " unt i l
t,ti,TfiH j un io r h igh school 1
( Oil "When" (1)
^ ^ by itself means "time," but when it is used after a modifier it means "when." Here you will learn
how to use ^ $ in this sense with noun and adjectival modifiers.
Modifier
noun
-/ adjective
-na adjective
Example
Examples:
I studied for ten hours a day when I was a student.
m i ) Ut-^j: tl^. X< x^^f}'i: mz ^ f ^ i L / b o htzl ft 1'
I often went to see movies when I had free time.
m i ) Ut^£ J ; < ^ ( c n^i'-to htzl ft V¬
I often go to see movies when I have free time.
NOTE : YOU will learn about ^ ^ with other modifiers (verbs) in Lesson 8.
Complete the sentences as in the example,
1) ft:t
2) 6 ^ v ^
M'L\ti<D S ^ l c t ^ T v ^ i L / c o
3) * o v N
4) ( fX$
5) htztf}' ^'fz^
ltTi'-:>ZÏ l i v '
. n t L/c < ' j . - V N T t c
41=
* ) 7 ) ^ ^ ^ Ï 7 baby
~ (, \ years o ld (counter for a person's age)
L i •? 3 •) e lementary/pr imary school
I ^ X. fJ) •) t he entire house, t h r o u g h o u t the t iouse
~ U rt) •) t h roughou t (suff ix)
106
PRACTICE 1
WORD POWER
I. Life:
p a D •
0 D D D
Q • D •
P D D D
tj • D a
D ^
• • 0 0 p 0 0 0 D O O D m O a a a
M r r - r m
r m
7 É ^-5 (R2) be born L 9 L J: < getting a job
\Z\t, n-h^ {-f i enterschool T A L j : < - f - 6 changejobs
|Cr t ) '7 '5 '^< entrance into school X LV. t { changing jobs
L I t A * • 7 l t ' i > (R2 ) takeanexam t z ^ ^ L l i - f i retire L i t A test, exam /cV^LJ:< retiring
9 l t - S ( R 2 ) receive C A ^ < - f ^ , getengaged
Ltji-) LJ: {-th get a job C A-^ < engagement
I t ^ / C ^ t -6 get marr ied
T $ •5 become p regnan t
ZX:i,i)< itia-h have a chi ld
V- C -f move
U w A - t ' i i ge t d ivorced
' j C A divorce
107
SPEAKIWG PRACTICE
^ j)) I. Asking an actress whether she will continue to work after getting married:
$ L ^ : I t o C ^ L T r ) ^ t t o ^ i±f^t o o l t i t ^ \
\: xypi : i>ih6LT-t. ZLK'<i-6 mL f>^tl>l K^<^<LtLf=. tx.
reporter: Congratulations on your engagement,
actress: Thank you.
reporter: Are you going to continue to work even after your get married?
actress: Of course. I made an agreement with him (i.e., my fiancé) before getting engaged.
II. Having lunch in Kyoto with a colleague who is based there:
f i t i : iiA,tx t i i t i i i ö
mz ffz/LTi-o
I JlX: h<^Li t^^f<D •i}^tzr-ff}\
Mills: Have you always lived in Kyoto? •
Yamamoto: No. I lived in Tokyo until five years ago. I came to Kyoto because I was transferred
here.
Mills: Is your wife from Kyoto?
Yamamoto: Yes. I got to know her after coming here.
108
(Z') ZA.><'<
-O-Olii (R2)
reporter
engagement
congratulat ions
actress
cont inue w i t h
of course
é'-il he /h im, my boy f r iend
f < ^ ( - f i promise
X L i AJ being transferred
~ T ' because of (particle)
L U i> "5 g e t t o k n o w
Asking tlie daughter of a colleague about her experience with ballet after seeing her perform:
•7)19 y
-7)19 y
^ f ^ ^ l ± VNO
3 5VN<7) . ^ $ T t o
r ^ ~ ' v ^ i t o
V ^NX.^
Martin: Aiko, you were lovely.
Aiko: Thank you.
Martin: When did you begin doing ballet?
Aiko: When I was three years old.
Martin: Have you been doing (lit., "continuing with") it ever since then?
Aiko: No, I quit once when I was in my second year of senior high. That was because
studying to take the university entrance exams was tough. Once I entered college, I
began doing it again.
ii^^Z A i ko (given name)
/ x ' l x x bal let
Zn 2 second year o f senior h igh school
L^Aji s tudy ing f o r entrance exams
t i t I t A tak ing entrance exams
1 0 9
• 9 VI • •
WORD POWER
I. Fields of expertise:
0)111 ^)-^
® ltVN;iVN
II. Occupations:
® ^ X l l
® VN L
® T ^ x r ' L
® o . ' ^ l j
®'fi-hH
®^Ut-r9/oy-
® I tA* . <
® ( t A $ * 9 L ^
® ^ n N C i-é'L
I. Divisions of a company:
® v - ' ^ - r A yx
®X^^^ I 1
® | - tv^ ' j
®^ltJ
® Z l \ l l ® L Jt 9 ^ / ^ 7 J X ' j
law pol ice of f icer
I f v ^ economics p rogrammer
l i terature archi tect
medical science researcher
I f V ^ X i N management d ip lomat
physics z n i J ^ ^ ^ civil servant
mathemat ics X. ^ ^ * * Jt -7 sales and market ing
compute r science account ing
^•J'f / t f - ^ ' / D i / — b io techno logy general affairs
Internat ional relations Znili publ ic relations
$ J: 9 L teacher p lanning
consul tant h u m a n resources
75^/ . C L nurse merchandise management
1 1 0
SPEAKING PRACTICE
,i<ilï 1:llll/.'i;rV
I. Giving a sliort speech when joining a local soccer club:
^ y i i - \ t l ^ f ö T 3 ^ . 4 ^ i L/co 4 < v v 3 y
L A l f V N T t ^ ^ ^ J: L V%m'^^^ L i t o
I'm Hideyuki Nakata from Sakura Apartments in District Three. Call me Hide. I played soccer in high school for three years, and in college for four My position was forward. I haven't played soccer at all since I joined the company I work at now. I'm a bit nervous, but I look forward to playing with all of you.
^ j)) II. Speaking at an informal gathering for people in different industries:
L J; (D^'Uziy^llv-4 yX<D # ± T t o ^ t o J i
I'm Inoue of Nozomi Consulting. After graduating from college, I worked in a trading company for a long time, but five years ago I quit that company and began working as a consultant. Before I joined Nozomi Consulting, I was at Sakura Consulting. I'm glad to have this opportunity to meet all of you.
i < f, -7 y •> 3 y
th i rd distr ict
distr ict
Sakura Apa r tmen ts (f ict i t ious apart
men t bui ld ing)
^^<DT^ Inoue (surname)
L X 1 L f t rad ing company
$ < 3 y ^ j - l l f ^ y9' Sakura Consult ing
( f ict i t ious company)
t f - '
t°y-ya y
7 ^ 7 - K
Nakata (surname)
Hideyuki (given name)
Hide (n ickname)
call me . . .
(part icle used after a quota t ion)
do (less fo rma l t han - f - S )
posi t ion
f o r w a r d (posi t ion in a game)
n V A ^ y-^l\/f- -i y 9' Nozomi Consul t ing (f ict i t ious company)
zjy^l't/y-A, y 9' consul t ing 111
! READING TASK
ë ^ è
IC r / o z L i L T C O ^ ^ < 7 ) A^iz X o T . ltv^^^^(7:) - ^ A ^ J ; 9 ^
L i L / c o A # ^ ^ o ^ - j : - 7 L T . A B C 7 - X ~ l c X U i L / c o
32^^^< ; ) ^ ( t o c A L i L/co 2 ^ ^ i l c t ^ " ^ ' ^ ^^ ^ i ^ i L
i i i
T T t o
Answer the following questions:
1) - f i ^ ^ ^ A l i j5r^5v^<7) ^ ^ ^ . 1 - { / o C L i L / : 7 § \
3) ^ Ö i ^ ^ ( ± n(D '<Li X i i L i L / : r ) \ « i S ï ïui) '< 4/C
Ltz-f]\
VOCABULARY
I t $ personal history
2 ^ - f ; ^ t w o years later
later
half a year
L j r - t f ^ ^ female, w o m a n
1 1 2
KANJI PRACTIC
learn
X ^ l:*7 ii'<
learn
X ^ l:*7 ii'<
be born student
^ i t L ^
be born student
^ i t L ^
school
W L1 7 : 7
» ^
f 7 t ' r
school
W L1 7 : 7
» ^
branch
L L<.
branch
L L<.
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
company
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
company
nA end
1 1 r nA end
M l
word language
IC l iA
p
word language
IC l iA
P " P U PTT^
chUd chUd
man man
Z
woman
Z
i.'
Ms. Martin is about to visit the Nal<ajimas, her homestay family from seven years ago, at their home. On
the way from the station, she meets Emi Morita, the Nakajimas' next-door neighbor.
h(On. -7^}-^L i : ^
- - p . 117
m : t 2 T t o ZH-y^-t, \ : ^ i \ z ^ f < ^ T i - o
Arriving at the Nakajima home, Ms. Martin gets into a conversation with her former host mother
t£i^\:t
• v / i f y
t IfzXo
ZZIZ fe^tt''j(7) X ^ ^ ^ A I C ^ V N i L c - / c o
- p . 119 ^ *•
- p . 122 1= l i ' ^ =
Morita: Uhhh, aren't you Marie?
Martin: Oh, Emi?
Morita: It's been a long time. When did you come here, Marie?
Martin: I've been working in Tokyo since last month. You've grown, haven't you, Emi?
Morita: I'm in my second year of junior high school now. I'm on my way to juku.
Martin: This area has certainly come to life (lit., "gotten lively"), hasn't it?
Nakajima: You can say that again. It's become much more convenient compared to seven years
ago, you know.
Martin: On my way here, I met Emi from next door. She said she was going to juku. Japanese
children have it rough, don't they?
^ f f l Mor i ta (surname)
L ^ h ^) t-d/CT!>^ i s l t n o t . . . ?, a reyou n o t . . . ?
X ^ Emi (given name)
~ ^ ^ A (tit le o f courtesy; see Note 2 be low)
2. second year o f j u n i o r high school
* * 7
L t j i <( cram school
' i ' ^ " Nakajima (surname)
t v V i ' ^ A considerably
^ H ^ b T compared t o . . .
~ ^ (particle indicat ing a standard to w h i c h someth ing is compared)
"( Ic) •5i (R2) compare
7c Nvi^ qui te a b i t
1 . L ^ ^ ' j
Even though Emi Morita thinks that the woman she sees is probably Marie Martin, she is not quite
sure, so she uses this sentence pattern to address her. If you have mistakenly identified a stranger as
someone you know, all you have to do is apologize with -fUt-^/C T L /c. And if someone mis
takes you for someone else, you can just say, V u N x. > ^ T!)'^ È "f, "No, you're mistaken."
2. X-o. hs X =
Ms. Martin reacts with surprise because Emi has spoken to her without warning and because'she has changed a lot in seven years. ^ is an informal title of courtesy used mainly toward women younger than oneself, or toward children.
3. VNO, Z b i C ?
This is an abbreviation of VN-9, Zt)iyK ^ { ^ ) tzLX'i'-f}\
Compulsory education in Japan consists of six years of elementary school, A^^'^ ( L i 1 -ó^'r) Z 7 ) , and three years ofjunior high school, "^^^ {% n> 1 -o Z l ) . When talking about a
child's year in school, you can use abbreviations such as^ {fy 7 ) 2 f o r ' t ' ^ 2 ^ : 4 . {i^ y^) 1-/)' < 2 ^ A - l f v N) _ "second?.year student in junior high school."
5. L l * <
L ll) < are private after-school "cram schools" in which children and teenagers study for junior and senior high school and university entrance exams.
6. - f V 7cV N, : ^
Both " f V N . r X and 7c V N^ . mean "to a large extent," but V has the nuance of "more than expected," while Tc'v N^. nneans "more, but not quite completely."
7. ^ 7 T L J; 7o •
Use this when the other person says something that you, too, believe to be true or strongly agree with. Say it with a rising intonation.
I ll Descr ib ing a Change in s ta te (1)
'J i t means "become" or "get" and indicates a change of state. You use it with adjectives in
their adverbial forms (see Unit 2, Lesson 6, p. 84) and with nouns followed by
f+
Coats and sweaters and the like have become cheaper.
The weather has gotten better.
Marie has gotten better at Japanese, (lit., "As for Mary, her Japanese has become good.")
Spring has come, (lit, "It has become spring.")
^XlLK ^ / ' j / c V N T t o
I want to become a teacher
Complete the sentences as in the example.
i l l - fe'fe-
1) *iv^LvN
2) VN^7^<LVN
3) < bVN
4) $^VN
5) f^9*6vN
6) l f X $
7) $ t V N
spring
dark
dislike, be sick of
117
0 Complete the sentences as in the example.
1) ^ t c ' J i L T ^ O
2) 1 O^fVN ^ ' j i L ; ^ o
3) l± 7 ^ ^ i L / b o
^ ) S S f t • ^ ' i i L ; ^ .
5 ) L A f . ^ J: 7 ^ L T ^ O
6 ) ,J/^J: 7 $ ^ ^ i j i L ; ^ .
I Construct pairs of sentences as in the example.
1) ^ / o , ^.OVN
2) t - f ' L v N
3) o^t^ , ^ f i Jvs
J
l ± / c ^ t w e n t y years o ld , > h * w in te r
/cV:'">^'<-fc!:^^ university s tudent " f - f L ^ ^ cool
ï / j : 7 $ Illness, disease
fall
0] " W h e n " (2)
^ as you have learned, means "when" when it is used after a modifier. When the modifier is a
verb, its form is one of the plain forms you learned in Unit 2, Lesson 4 (p. 52). For example:
J: I wear glasses when I read the newspaper.
Ut,yi' h-f]^h+£\^ %-fi ^ i - f o
I look at a map when I am lost.
I will bring a bottle of wine when I go to the party tomorrow.
I drank a lot of beer when I went to Germany last year.
The meaning of the sentence differs depending on which tense, present or past, you use before ^ ^ .
Consider these examples:
IC HL < i-When I came to Japan (i.e.. On my way to Japan), I bought it at the airport (i.e., at an airport
outside of Japan).
B ^ i c ^tz i i z n r X v N i L / c o IC [IL i ii-
When I came to Japan (i.e.. Having come to Japan), I bought it at the airport (i.e., an airport in
Japan).
When the tense before ^ $ is present, as in the first example, the action in the temporal clause (i.e.,
the t $ clause) has not been completed when the action in the main sentence takes place. On the
other hand, if the tense before ^ $ is past, as in the second example, it means that the action in the
temporal clause has been completed at the moment the action in the main sentence occurs.
Read the following sentences aloud while considering their meanings.
1) # ^ ^ ^ l ± J; < L ^ 7 ^ ^ ^ - ^ f ^ T -hm^ n ^ t - t .
•iAii, (R2) p u t on (glasses)
road, w a y
10 H
» 1 2 0
6) -f <- f : ^ / c < U i L / c
8) Ulfz
9) #y iv^^^± A p ^ i T ^ T t ^ t ; - ^ ^ o / c T t o •f-f S «fe'ii-
stall, kiosk
pick up
[oo r / A
] 0
Oil- Plain Forms of Adjectives and of Nouns +T " t "
You learned the plain fornns of verbs In Unit 2, Lesson 4 (p. 52). Adjectives and nouns + T t have
plain forms, too. They are as follows;
-ƒ adjectives
-desu form plain form
present aff.
present neg. fcvN L < 4 ' V N T t
past aff. Ü\. N L-Ó^-ofz
past neg. fe^ ^ L < t t ' rJ^o fz
-A/a adjectives
-desu form plain form
present aff. mmtz -N% IJ
present neg. mmru h^)t^L <A. IJ •<JL IJ
past aff. mm T lfz IJ
past neg. mmm h ^ j i ^ L r i f z <L IJ
mU-li ^i-h-^-ofz '<L IJ
Nouns +T't
-desu form plain form
present aff. hiöTt
present neg. ^ t ó T I i ^XVN
past aff. hióTLfz fz
past neg. h^TU h^)t^/iTlfz
121
ui iy Using Direct and Indirect Quotation
Y o u u s e ^ f " 0 o T VN i L tz t o r e p o r t w h a t s o m e o n e s a i d , i n b o t h d i r e c t a n d i n d i r e c t q u o t a
t i o n . ( In d i r e c t q u o t a t i o n , y o u u s e f J i n p l a c e o f q u o t a t i o n m a r k s . )
M r H a y a s h i s a i d , " I w i l l g o t o K y o t o . "
l ï ï . , i nd i r ec t q u o t a t i o n , y o u u s e p l a i n f o r m s f o r t h e p a r t q u o t e d .
M r . H a y a s h i s a i d h e w o u l d g o t o K y o t o .
#^^^± t^mz f^-ofz^l - j - o T V N i L / c o
M r . H a y a s h i s a i d h e w e n t t o K y o t o .
Y o u u s e s " ( v V N É L fz i n s t e a d o f "1" ( v 0 T V N ^ LTC w h e n y o u w a n t t o e m p h a s i z e t h e
f a c t t h a t s o m e o n e s a i d s o m e t h i n g , r a t h e r t h a n t h e c o n t e n t o f w h a t t h e y s a i d .
n C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s as i n t h e e x a m p l e .
•f-f i
- f A ^ U i ^ t o T v N i L / r o f-f i - 11
2) - f i^ /K : $ V N ^ o ^\^:^.-f)< ( J L v N T t o
J i s
• ^ ' f i ^ : f ^ ^ ( ± ^ " t o T v N i L / c o
^ / > J - > ' ^ ^ ( ± ^ t o T v N i L / c o
5 ( v 0 i t is n o t t h e o n l y v e r b t h a t y o u u s e a f t e r Y. i n q u o t a t i o n s . Y o u c a n a l s o u s e fe ^ V N ^ - f ,
" t o t h i n k , " o r $ ^ i - t " t o a s k , " " t o h e a r , " f o r i n s t a n c e .
( ^ A ( ± ) # ^ A I ± ^ t < ^ fe^^VNito
I t h i n k M r . H a y a s h i w i l l g o t o K y o t o .
I ± ^ L Hayashi (surname)
fJ) 7 -< last n igh t
S V > ^ ^ ye l l ow
l i L ^ * w a n t to have
É V V ! i L every year '
L J: 7 i^-o N e w Year
' N 7 ^ Hawai i
-f C ' - f spend (t ime)
fe' i 7 th ink
To say, "I don't think . . ." you use ~ ' j . ' V ^ iiii^^t t .
hf:l til'I iiT t O I don't think Mr. Hayashi will go to Kyoto, (lit., "I think Mr. Hayashi will not go to Kyoto.")
^ fe V N i t is the phrase to use when expressing your opinion or asking another person theirs.
To state what a third person thinks, use ^ fe ^) o T V "> ^ -f" (to be studied in Book III).
Our department manager thinks Mr Hayashi will go to Kyoto.
I Complete the answers to the questions as in the example.
A : ^-^-^ H fetv^ito
B : ±±h^x^Y fe^^vNi-fc
a : ^ fe^;VNito
B : : ; ^ fe^;VNito
a : ^ fe^;VNito
B : : K fe^^vNito
3) A#±<7) 3 y h ° ; i - : 7 - | ± VNVNT-TTJ^ If
a : ; ^ feivN^to
B : ^ fe^;VNito
4) A^±<7) z j y t ° r x - 7 - J ; ' J * < T VNVN oyt°=L-y-t)' h^)t
a : ^ fe*,vNito
B : ^ feivNi-to
c L i : ij. 7
cost (money)
w i t h i n the year
necessary
computer 123
mil
WORD POWEf
I. Nature:
® U 'J
® -h^h
®lh
® VN|t
®U'fiU
®^n
II. Urban life:
® -7 y v 3 >"
®r^<- h
® i: * 7 /c <
® h/U%
® l± L
®Zn\Lin
® < %
®
® t *j
® ( i / c l t
® ^ i * 9 L ^ i : j : 9
@ L J; 9 T ^ ^ n ^
® fefe75VcX-/^°-
III. Expressions for talking about change:
® $^VN|Cvi>-z, ®m]K^j:^
®0^-^^ |C7^X'S.
® 6 < tf.- ^
124
tree rice paddy station building
green i: * 7 Ac < housing rii(R2) be built
river house disappear
pond road •i-'hi change
< 7 i air l ± L bridge dirty
< t cloud: C 7 7 means of transportation .Ï-X.'& (R2) increase
forest L J: 7 T^!>n\ shopping street decrease
grove; gas station inconvenient
l i / d t field, patch large supermarket cramped
I. Talking about a change that has come over an area of town:
•7)V9y:h(r) 0 < T tzXt(D\± mr-f-ö\ li Üfi tcL
Martin: Seven years ago, this area was fields, wasn't it?
Nakajima: Yes. Ever since the station was built three years ago, (the number of) apartment
blocks and residences has increased dramatically.
Martin: What is that large, white (lit., "white, large") building over there?
Nakajima: It's the community center. It was built last year
^ ^ II. Being relieved to see that a park one once knew is still the same old park:
•71X^9 y : X-ö-'otz \
Martin: Wow! This park hasn't changed, has it?
Nakajima: That's right. The trees and the pond are just as they were back in the old days.
Martin: I'm-sogladl
~X'it r ight? (sentence-f inal part icle combinat ion)
tzX t<D bu i ld ing
$ (}! •) |c suddenly, dramatical ly
o w o w
~ t ~ t b o t h . . . and . . .
tJ-A^L bacl< in t he o ld days
~<D t i j u s t as it is/was
SPEAKING PRACTICE
^ 1)) Greeting a friend one has not seen in a long time:
^
tm :
tm:
Maeda:
Sasal<i:
Maeda:
Sasal<i:
Maeda:
Sasaki:
Maeda:
Sasaki:
Maeda:
nh
5
Long time no see.
You can say that again. How many years has it been, I wonder
It's been (a period of) twenty years, hasn't it?
You haven't changed a bit since then, have you I
Same goes for you.
What are you doing these days?
I work for Nozomi Bank.
And you've been in Tokyo this whole time?
I was in Singapore from five years ago until last year
Maeda (surname)
Nozomi Bank ( f ict i t ious bank)
a f ter an interval o f . . . (suff ix)
I._
R E A D I N G TASK 1
hf:L inLix tliit'l
* ic ISA
t ^ l c ^ /U i L T C O / t - A X x ^ ^ L T . S:^A<75 r.tf-:%t tz <
: 5A T ^ i L / c o B ^ ^ \t-i-j:K6 ^ $ . < 7 3 7 T d - ^ X h 7 T ^ ' j -IC I ÏA
K ttz K ^ i ^ i l i L t z o <
Answer the following questions, assuming you are Ms. Martin:
1) V N O M , T . t - A X x ^ ^ L i L / : ^ \
2) . tX h 7 r ^ ' j - I C ^ 7 ^X^X ^ t T ^ T L / c T ^ ^
3) l±LA6T B:^<D ' J i 7 ' J ^ -fe-^Tc ^ '7 m^'tltzt>\
4) H ^ ^ litcK^ <7 3 7 T ^XtL- ^ < ^ < ^ L i L / c 7 ^ \
VOCABULARY
; f^X V7r I ' j -
F ^ t ^
/•£X/ iX
\i-t-£K^ (R2) •
merriory
host fami ly
be nervously excited
gradual ly
leave
feel ing
!
127
lUI
Ifl II
# 2 t i c i ± . « ^ ^ < / ) X x y F y 3 y 7 > ~ t i . ^ b ^ i - t o
r t o
# l i - > L - f - ^ ^ ^ ' i i L/-CO J I M ^ ' / L X t t ^ o T . ^ t l c / L - ' j i L / c o
l ± 7 > ^ ^ ^ T ^ - f e ^ / 'j - ( 7 ) ; ^ ^ ^ X - $ T . M.'^^^'^m^^s: < 'j i L
A o u x h - 7 > ' ^ 7 ; 7 7 x ; ^ ^ Y c < ^ 5 ^ T $ T . % % x \ ^ ^ \ t h ^ y ^ ^ M ' f ^
f/T L v N ^ + P M 7 (7 )7 T y V 3 y e ' / H c ^ ^ b o 7c<7)T to ?S l ü ) ' ^ ' L
• i;,'
•• !••• I j
« i s i±ti:*<
128
VOCABULARY
-® Te
7 r y ~> 3
Harajuku (distr ict in To!<yo)
story, tale
y X . 1 j X fashionable part o f t o w n
X x V K x 3 -y7°
t.tnfz< % (R2)
am
a-t-'i'
f ti f
main street
Omotesando (street name)
all over the w o r l d
store selling b rand-name
apparel
line up
t ime
residential area
f l o w
s t rawberry patch
s t rawberry
fish dealer
f ru i t and vegetable dealer
ne ighborhood
^0 CwAiiHi
T 7 - { r + ^ i j -
feL^n(ttO
t - 7 V t ^
7 r y V 3 y t V l /
housewi fe
at tha t t ime
modern
Dojunkai Apar tmen ts (one o f t he
oldest modern apar tments in Japan,
dat ing back t o 1926 and const ruc ted
o f reinforced concrete)
l i t t le by l i t t le
bou t ique
accessories
stylish
Omotesando Hills (name o f a
shopp ing center)
open (of business)
design
stylish bui ld ing conta in ing bout iques and other fancy shops
(wr i t t en / fo rma l style of --"/CX'-t)
symbol ize
/ STYLE MOTE \
When you write Japanese, you do not actually leave a space between one word and another; the use of kanji and kana in combination makes it clear where one word ends and another begins. In this textbook, we have been keeping the number of kanji small, so to make the stories and dialogues easier to read, we have written words separately. With this "Story of Harajuku," however, we have followed the original Japanese notation rules. You should feel that the more kanji there are, the less need there is to have spaces between words.
129
convenient
r convenient if
^' advantage profit
mi
^' advantage profit
mi
• , •' i
teU-
• 5 7
— >
i f " — >
teU-
• 5 7
7 1*7 tf
1*7 Lj <
^ 7
evening
1*7 tf
1*7 Lj <
sky, air empty
<7 S
ft
n CM?
sky, air empty
<7 S
ft
T
Ms. Martin is at a local community center, talking to Mr, Yamakawa, who is in charge of a civic orchestra.
M :
y y / ^ - ^ lil^PiLX j ^ o / c X T t o
t£i><
i i i i i l X T t o 8 H # 7 i ^ b T - t > ^ ^ T ' J - ^ X I i mKh\'i i: *
-p. 136
Ujjil : MK'. -JM. ^i^Lt)^
M : U / L t ' t X6ZS^}: feivNito
132
Martin: When was this orchestra founded?
Yamal<awa: Last yean When this community center was founded, a friend and I created the orches
tra by recruiting members.
Martin: ' Are all of them very experienced?
Yamakawa: There are some experienced people, but there are some beginners, too.
Martin: When do you practice?
Yamakawa: Every Wednesday night. Most of the members have jobs. We start at eight o'clock; can
you make it?
Martin: Work finishes around seven, so I think I can (lit., "I think it will be all right").
Yamakawa: Well, wouldn't you like to come see us?
Martin: Would it be all right to visit next week?
Yamakawa: Please do. I think everyone will be delighted.
VOCABULAnV
Ojjll
ipith / y^<—
orchestra
Yamakawa (surname)
f r iend
member
recruit
recru i tment
experience
ffKhi
there are also those w h o . . .
w o r k
be on t ime, make it
visit (humble f o r m ; see Note 5 be low)
w o u l d it be all right? (pol i ter f o r m o f ' . n ^ T ' i ' ^ ^ " )
be pleased, be del ighted
1 . :J I i - f - 4—\iy9-Communlty centers are buildings owned by local governments and established to support residents'
cultural activities.
The -te form sometimes indicates a cause or means for another action. Here it means "by" rather than
"and."
This is the same as I f v M t ^ 7 ^ ^ ' - f t (^//^^") v^ ( T J V C ) . When the modifying clause is short, <D
can replace -ö^.
^ fe ^ 9 can express either an opinion or a guess. In this case it indicates that Ms. Martin is guess
ing that the time of the orchestra practice will suit her schedule. You can even use ^ fe i 9 when
you are actually sure of your opinion but want to avoid sounding too assertive.
This is a humble equivalent of 0 i , "to go," and tz-ffl -B, "to visit." When you use 9 '^'"^^
9, you are being humble about your own actions and showing respect toward the other person.
•LJ H H
u - .
(( 0 Forming iVlodifying Clauses
You have already learned how nouns and adjectives modify nouns.
^ | ± C 0 < / Z , ± the company car
T J ^ ^ V N O f i f t a cute child
L/C-t+otL' A a kind person
The formation of modifying clauses constructed from nouns or adjectives is as follows:
' h>i^<D B a rainy day
• . i5)<!6TI±tL-v ^ H a day that isn't rainy
ii^^HLii^ -ftv ^ A a person with much experience tf*< ut
i'f^^ii/L'ó^ -S:'(•^'V^ A a person who doesn't have much experience Ut
• T^X-XT!/^ L J: 9 " f t - ' A a person who is good at tennis
. T - — X L J: 7 - f T l ± ^ ' V N A a person who isn't good at tennis v-t
You use the past tense (plain form) to indicate that the noun being modified used to be in some state but is not anymore.
i j - ^ ^ L t^^^^-oTc 'y 4 X^— whiskey that was expensive in the old days
. -? - ^ ' ' t <7 ) Z6 -f^fi-yfz ^ a book I liked as a child
* ^ i r ^pjp 7 l : J: 9 / H X / c >LZh
the place that was a parking lot until last year
iihix
an actress who was not at all famous ten years
ago
Verbs can also modify nouns, in which case their plain forms are used.
hLfz f-^—ic A a person who will come to the party tomorrow
hLfz ^'^—f-^—lZ ^ts:^^ A a person who won't come to the party tomorrow ^ z vt
^ ( ^ 9 •'•^—y-^—lZ X . a person who came to the party yesterday
$<7)9 •'<—y^ 4 —IZ ^tC'i^'ofz A a person who didn't come to the party yesterday
Any noun in a sentence can be modified by a modifying clause.
Zm± -7^)-^^^^^ TjHsfc X T t o
This is the picture that Marie drew.
134
I saw the picture that Marie drew.
7)Hi 4'
The picture that Marie drew is in the meeting room.
Note that you cannot use the topic particle l± inside a modifying clause. So:
Mr Mills bought a book.
but 3 t L ( ± DX^Xih^^ H o 7c i^X-fo
This is the book that Mr. Mills bought.
4) i Ë ^ Ü * ) / c b L < T $^LVNTL/co
•ttAlf-p
lose
Mexico
stay overn ight
9
Complete the sentences as in the example.
m) #A(± ^<ni iwl^i ti:< I t Ifzo
hfzl X%
1) ^-^U YXt fev^LvNTto
llli T<
^ - + l ± ^ T t feHXv^Ti-c
2) H B I H I C x V N - h T Xv^^;<7)^ L i L T ^ c o
3) $^^± :fe/-£Xic ( l i _ L ^ ^ ^ i l f z . hkl Kt A-
135
I fl] • iMominalizing Sentences
You can nominalize a sentence (i.e., turn it into a noun clause) by using the particle CO.
L z't n t:
Work ends at around seven, (lit., "As for work's ending, it is around seven o'clock.")
Here CO is used to identify the entire phrase ( L C" ^ ) 7[i^ (fe) :b -?> as the topic of the
sentence. <D can function to make topics, subjects, or objects out of any sentence segment.
htzL t>i
I like jogging in the morning.
htzl <
I am waiting for Mr. Mills to get here (lit., "to come")
As these examples show, you use plain forms before CO, and the particle -f)^ replaces the topic
particle i l .
Complete the sentences as in the examples.
x>z n - ^ ^ i t o
^ U Z i ^ r '0<<DU 4 H f T t o
1) hifz<D ^m\z T i t o
2 ) ^;^x•^^l± L f ^ ) o * , j ; 9 i c # $ i t o
3 ) v y U ^ y ^ A i l H ; ^ i c ^ t l f z .
4) A B C y - X ' < 7 ) ^%h7j< * U i t c
<D\t ^ ^ » ^ ^ T t o i- tn
(n\t * ^ i T t o
(n\t 2 ^ ^ , g | y T t c if-7t A
(DM ^yy y y y
X r / T t o
136
g j 2 ) X i f . - y t : | . i t o
^ ^ A ( ± X . t ° - y ^ ^^<7)^< t ^ T t o
->-?)l9yiL{± <D:il^ t ^ T t o
- * * o S ^ ^ l ± (DTJ^- t ^ T - f o
7 ) f e ^ X ^ j l ^ U i i - o
- ^ w ^ ^ ^ ± : <D^^ i x i - f T - T o
- - v ^ ^ ^ ( ± (D-ö^ t x i - f T - f o
-^m± t z i z ' i %l(Dt h - t ^ t i t z .
9) fe^$ ( I t v N i t o
- ^ ^ l ± c p t h - f K t l t z o
hfzl
10) y- ; l .<7? / - c L i t o
- ^^11 (7)^ ; b 1 - ^ i L ; ^ o 11) ^Ift'^^- l ^ ^ ' J i t o
^ * o i | ^ A ( ± (7)^ i o T v ^ i t c
12 ) ici,-o;^< ^ ^ - ^ i t o
^;^x^^^± <;) i - ^ x ^ ^ i t o
f=iz' egg
pay
be del ivered
137
Explain about the various roonns in a community center by saying the following sentences:
3) ZZ\1 LU J: 9 L-^T-fo L'JJ;9^^~ tzHL hi> YZ^T-To ' ' M L
4) CZ|± ^ h L o T t o ^ l t : ?È^ ^ ^ " 9 ^ +£hl YZ^T-r.
5) 3C|± $ 0 ; i ^ L o T - r o / c l f C ^ t 9 ^ C ^ T - f o
1) This is a hall. It's where people give concerts and lectures.
2) This is an office. It's where people working at the community center spend their time.
3) This is a reference room. It's where there are books and lots of other reference materials.
4) This is a Japanese-style room. It's where people take lessons in ikebana and tea ceremony.
5) This is a smoking lounge. It's where people smoke.
138
L U J : 9 L O
$ O X ^ L O
of f i ce
reference r o o m
Japanese-style room
smok ing lounge
lecture presentat ion
WORD POWER
® f e * > ^ ® L ^ L ^ ®'f-\'-^t ® - ? - t V ^ ®7«HN;^%
Imagine that you are doing "show and tell" with some souvenirs from a recent trip.
1) ZKli t S i C n-ofz Y i . n-ofz fe^^Tto T i . Ètz fk/LT
2) C^ (± ^ - i j c / ^ i c ; f j< ^ 9 ^'^^l?. Y-otz L ^ L
^ T i - o $iLVN^x 9 ^ T L J: 9o" "
3) ZK\± ifsyziyiz ^y^ /c i-^yi/^\z th-^tz i-^^tVV
4) zmt ^^^A-f)^i^ B^\z !)f^ X}Zni<r) ^T K o / c 3 9
5) C H ( ± > t l l l c ;fT-^/c r / ^ o / c ^^^vNT^^bT-To 9 ^ l c L-f~5t;
*9 tA
1 ) This is tea I bought when I went to China (i.e., while I was in China). I haven't drunk it yet. It was very expensive, you see.
2) This is a photo I took from a plane when I went from Paris to Greece (i.e., on the plane from Paris to Greece). The ocean is beautiful, isn't it?
3) This is a Chinese dress I received from Ms. Chan when I went to Hong Kong. I like it very much.
4) This is perfume I bought in a plane on my way back to Japan from Hawaii. It has a sweet, nice fragrance (lit., "It smells sweet and nice.")
5) These are seashells I picked up when I went to Okinawa (i.e., when I was in Okinawa). The sunset (lit., "the evening sun that sunk into the sea") was truly beautiful.
^ ' ' - ) • > + Greece TJ^Ü U - f . z , smel l , be f rag ran t ^^nX> evening sun
f - + -f F l ^ X Chinese (silk) dress -b^"^ i j smel l , f ragrance
è I : like, care f o r ^ H ^ j J ^ ' t seashell
Z^-f\^ p e r f u m e L^'ü sink 13
PHRASE POWER
Describing yourself:
watch sports
®li\:i6X(D ZY
try new things
observe people and things
1 z^r-t move around (lit., "move
one's body") outdoors
VN^VN^t.- A ^
r h i meet new (lit., "various"
people
know new cultures
take care of animals spend time quietly
What type of person are you? Talk about yourself in terms of what you like to do.
1) #AI± xA:-yi M^^or t ^ T - f o
2) ï l ± A ^ t<Di'' r/Li-^i-6(0r t ^ T t o hf=l Vt
3) A l± ^YT r ^ t z i 1 r Tj^t < ' ^ - f i T-fo
(concrete) th ing I l l ^ W T c O C ! i new things
•ó^Li'O'ti observe
•ó^/L'S-o observat ion
^ Z outs ide
•/j^ijti body
7 Z'^S^-f move
(±1:A6TCÖ f i rst , f i rst- t ime
C Ü (abstract) t h ing , mat ter <
% X Ï ki-f h chal lenge, test oneself against
• ^ i T - b t A chal lenge
{.-^i) various, all sorts
meet (by chance), encounter
. Ï ' AT}^ culture
i : ' 7 . 5 ^ 0 animal
- f h take care (of)
-tt;f9 care
READING TASK 1
Some people use their blogs to describe everyday things that they find curious, things they like or dislike, or things they are fanatical about. Read Ms. Martin's blog.
TcAö' Ü^^o f±TO I t 8 et0^6 nAUf0 5^S©(ë: /cl ' l^^^^^:t(^^ föl t>t ü s t u
Worca-roTOUA
VOCABULARY
1 Z'<
l-fY'
blog ^ O Jt 9
civic, civil 9 X D
properly y°c?7^—
move j r . -y 7 ; f — A
age group " 7 ' j — • T > h 7 4- 7 h
b u t . . . (partiele; less formal than -h^) ^ ^ H V ^
somehow, one way or another 1 1 0 X. iij^tz
my favor i te, my beloved
cello
prof i le
n ickname
Marie An to i ne t t e
age
b lood t ype
141
IJ!
A
L->-5i,io
Zinit Boet CD -^ -x^^ö ' ^ A * * t :
7 — x - O © Uy)5 (ë; ^ b y ^ T ^ o
n^UKt)^ö^^ A « r - r o
142
r
6 D U < r . l ^ u r ^ o
u r e C c t f e ^ D ^ T O s ^ f e r c u ^ c h Bfeo/c n
VOCABULARY
Monica oneself
V 3 Jonah i i < song, piece of music
life • v-oyv'- tae k w o n do
Mar t i n Pamela
Roppongi Hills (name of a shopp ing center) skat ing
L 1 Interest, hobby Ayyiyx^-V in-l ine skat ing
^ < IC especially -f<6 (R2) skate, gl ide a round
^ ^ n ^ big city thanks t o . . .
city l ights yA yxt°-v l i fet ime spor t
no t easily g roup , club
regret table, un fo r tuna te 7 I j d i ck
the o ther day line
TrJMt'S (R2) go ou t , set o u t (counter fo r ordinal numbers)
fa ther
(counter fo r ordinal numbers)
143
144
/ ^
time degree
zh ir
• - - i t
•—V r / ^
time degree
zh ir
• - - i t
•
mountain
f t r mountain
f t
river river
flower
IÈ I t *
i> I f *
11 _ ' s, ^
flower
IÈ I t *
i> I f *
rice field
xhW
m rice field
xhW
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate particle.
1) ( - t i c . # ^ ± ^ i'f^jiLtzo
2) ( ) - t ^ T L f c o
3) ^Ai± A :^ ( ) ^ i ^ i L co
4) i y i / . r : T ( ) ^j^-' j /c^^Tto
5) X ^ X ^ ^ ( ) ^ i ^ / c j t x ; K l ^ b / b t L < T ^ ^ v N T L / c o
( H'J . choose the correct word from among the alternatives (1-4) given. The same word cannot be used
"" twice in the same dialogue.
1) A : ( ) B-^mr Ixii'lz +£^)tLtzn.
( ) <Li X 1 LX\^hLTi-i)\
B : ^ B B^U<D C D ^ $ ^ ^ T v ^ i • t o
^.{lYLY: 2 . - f ^ ^ v A 3. ^ ~ ' ? ^ o T 4 . il 'co Cb^^
2) A : ( ) i'LZilz 'oY^X\^6Lrir-^\
-OY^X^'t-to
LY'iK'-oX 2.>f<DCh\' 3. fcWi^ A.-f-oY
3) B:^iz ^6 Wili B^^iz-OK^X ( ) L Ij i - t ^ :^TL/bo 1: l i ^ < ix. tz UA
i . i ± i : * ^ T 2 . - t fX- t fX 3 . 7 ^ x / c X 4./c^^>r^
'([DO/ 'Change the form of the word given in parentheses to complete the sentence in a way that makes sense.
1) 9 ^ ^ ( ) / - J i t ^ x y ^ L i t e ( T i t )
2) fern, r-^'t Uit I fzr'% 1 ( ) 4- ' J i L /co ( V H N T t )
3) C C i c ( ) ^ $ . ^ ^ T ^ ^ v ^ ^ U6^'tlfzo ( f t t )
4) - 7 ; ^ ^ y ^ ^ ( ± ^ f p i c ( ) Y t o T v N i L / c o
( ^ T ^ i t )
5) 4mi mz:iiLt ( ) m^r h^)t^Lxi/z. i-k^tir) H i * * l: i-h f:
146
[^[I^ Choose the most appropriate word or phrase from among the alternatives (1-4) given.
^) hfzhl^'Xiy^' ( ) Z<D hfz^)li izi^K^riZ ^ / i j i L
l.êLtfiX 2 . l l i : * 6 T 3 . T i r AA'f'oX •5 o<
2) 7yy7.^<D L l t ^ ^ ( ) .
3) / y x ^ ^ j . ' b o T v N i t o 2B#FB^ ( ) L T v N i t c
1 . a ^ L ^ * 7 2 . ; f l A b < 3 . l t v ^ l t ^ 4.11^^$^^
1 . T A L J : < L T ^.U-OZLX 3. -of, i i
4 . ^ X ^ ^ J ; 7 L T
5) A : ^ /OT j^LvNT - r ^ fao - t l ^ #o/c(7?|± 3 ^ l u T L / c / l a .
B : ^ ^ ^ ^ i \ z {
1 . l ± L * : ) i L T 2. i / c 3. fe?/^ L > r ; f j T t
4 . ^ J ; 9 ' i X
Fill in the blanks with the correct reading of each kanji.
1) t - o T v N ^ ±<DkM f-:KX-f-h\
( ) ( )
2) * ^ ± ; i - c ^ ^ ~ ^ h ^ ^ i c x ' j i L / c o ( ) ( ) ( )
3) %-h\{\z ziyM^-h^ x-iX mmiz t - ' j i L / c o
( ) ( ) 4 ) Yi. :kAY im^t 0 ' j i L / c o
( ) ( ) ( )
147
I
f.
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
\ i .
Above all else, words are for commu
nicating one's intentions to others.
The focus of this unit is on using Japa
nese to cooperate with other people
in accomplishing common goals.
Drawing on the example of planning
a vacation, the unit presents expres
sions for negotiating schedules, gath
ering information, stating preferences,
and explaining special circumstances.
It Is March. Ms. Martin has come to her section chief, Mr Kato, to ask for permission to take a vacation
the following month.
^ n H :
•7jiyy:h(Di. ^ B ^ ^ i c ^^(DX\ ^n<D 3
- . p . 154 ^ '
If ^ 9 T t ' ^ ^ ^ H t t ' i ^ ^ H N T - f J :
Martin: Boss, may I bother you for a moment?
Kato: Yes, what is it?
Martin: Uhh, my parents are coming to Japan, so I'd like to take about three days of vacation at the
beginning of next month.
Kato: Next month . . . Preparations for the Tokyo Food Fair will be starting. Can you attend the
planning meeting on the sixth?
Martin: Yes, my parents plan to go home on the fourth, so I'll be able to come to the office from
the fifth.
Kato: I see. If that's the case, fine.
Martin: Thank you very much.
sect ion chief
abou t (lit., " t o t he extent o f " ) (particle)
vacat ion
receive (humble fo rm)
begin
p lanning meet ing
can a t tend
can show up at t he of f ice
clock In, show up at the of f ice
can
if tha t is the case. If so
mmm
1. ^ J : o ^ J l ^ L v N T L J; 9 ^^^
"May I bother you for a moment?" This is a polite way of getting someone's attention. You use it
when you want to ask a superior or stranger a favor or question.
2. 3B (^-o^) UY' i ^ O n ^^fztzifz^^<DTirr o There are three points to be made about this sentence:
(1) The <D T-f-ó^ serves as a kind of preliminary to a request. It is the same as the LX'i'-ó^ you
studied in Unit 2, but it is more polite. Here Ms. Martin is speaking to her boss, so (DT'-t^' is
more appropriate. J: ^ L v N T L J: 7 ^Ms omitted after <D T'-f-é^ because it is too straight
forward and Ms. Martin's boss can understand what she means without her saying it.
(2) ( Ï means the same as < ^^^X <% V N but is more polite.
{3) i il) 1 -é^t: ^ is the usual word for "take a vacation," but here Ms. Martin uses the polite
verb ^^fztz (, "to receive humbly," instead of tl 6 because she is talking to her boss. ^ fz tz ( is one of a number of special verbs used to express humility.
"If that's the case, fine." You use - f ^ t i . ' to indicate that what you are about to say—in this case,
"okay" to Mn Martin's request—applies only if the situation just mentioned holds true.
^^fztz<
1 %hh^
ti j (R2)
^ i T $ 6 (R2)
L tji -9
151
Giving a Reason (1)
Like IQ , <D T indicates a reason for what is stated in the main sentence, although it sounds a bit
softer than tj^ h. <D T is the conjunctive form of <D T t , which has the same meaning as / - / T t
but is more formal. The function of (D T is just like that of ^ T t (Unit 2, Lesson 4, p. 55): to explain
circumstances. <D T is appropriate in cases where you are asking someone to do something for you,
or are explaining a situation that is acceptable or understandable to your listener
]S]mtl' H^IC ^6<Dr\ irplt)-t \^fztzi fz^'<Dri-t>^ o
My parents are coming to Japan, so I'd like to take a vacation.
n-o^- h'ofz<Dr\ W^ilfzo
I had a fever, so I stayed home from school.
b, on the other hand, is best used when you are trying to convince someone of something.
This book is very interesting, so please read it (and see how you like it)
^fcvvtt^^^Tt^^b. ZZIZ \h-^j:^^T< t i i ^ \
It's dangerous, so please don't come in here.
Plain forms ordinarily come before <0 T, except that -na adjectives in the present-affirmative tense and
nouns + T t take ti" instead of tz. (See p. 121 for plain forms of -na adjectives and nouns T t )
z<D ^^voyii imVj:<DX\ Am'^^Jt-to
This computer is convenient, so it is popular
It is fine weather, so I will go for a walk.
In polite speech, though, people often use the desu/masu form before <D X'.
rS^ilt % < i 6 T T t < 7 ) T \ YXt fz<Dl^X-i-o lii;
It will be the first time I see Kabuki, so I'm very much looking forward to it.
dangerous
Construct sentences as in the example.
_ ^
2) 5<: ~ J: 7 ^ T t o miz 'jf IJ V ^ T t O
3) *,46TL/co ^"3 l e t ]ht!'iii^LTlfzo
5) * .7c i^^ ' V N / ^ V N T t o t C L i':^AT^j V N V v T t ^ \
7) fe^^vN|± ^p^oJic?? 7 c ^ l : i 7 H T L / c o 7 ^ T / N ' - ' f - f - ^
L i L / c o
8) ^ 7 ' < ' ^ ^ l ± 6B#- *^ tT to ib^^lc L o ^ v N L i t o
test
slowly, leisurely
t he day before yesterday
M II .
0 Expressing Potentiality
In Japanese you can express potentiality in the two ways:
(1) By using a noun followed by 5 ''" T $ i t
Q : ^mm' r i t i - f i \
A : r ± V \ > C L T i t t o
Q: Can you speak/read etc. Chinese?
A: Yes, a little. - •
(2) By using the potential form of the verb. This form is used to say that someone "can" do some
thing, or that sométhing "is possible."
Can I pay by credit card?
The potential form Is constructed as follows:
Regular I verbs: The final -u sound of the dictionary form is replaced by -eru.
•él meet can meet speak can speak
Regular II verbs: The final -ru is replaced by -rareru.
ft eat
Irregular verbs:
<
come
can eat
can come
see
i-6
do
can see
can do
Once a verb changes into the potential form, it becomes a potential verb and conjugates the same as
a Regular II verb.
-nai form -masu form -te form -fa form
Wxti- %xtz
X J: X X
fz fz fz f: ^<h^tz
fz
^hKX n^ioiifz
T i i i - Xifz
154
r • i
Examples:
Who can come tomorrow at nine?
J: What do you do when you can't read a kanji?
Those verbs that take ^ can take either ^ or when they have been turned into their potential forms. T $ -2) (the potential form of " f 6) takes almost all the time.
read kanji can read kanji
play tennis can play tennis
Change the verbs to their potential forms and create questions.
1) U^il^+£t # < o •
2) ^ -?Vl7y^ O7^^9o
3) C t * 9 ^ 7 ^ - f ' S o
4) * L/c ÓHlpic i: <
5) il-KT (±1^ 7o ->
6) 5B#|c i i $ ^ o
7) 3 ZIC < Yih^o
8) t}Zji<D t T ->
9) L T ^ L ^ l c ^
10) 4 0 0 / - ÜX<\ ->
11) B:^m<D i f z t 7 / : 7 O ^ :
12) i - L ^ 'flF'So •7<
Spanish
hiragana
nieter
155
WORD POWER
I. Timeframes:
(D
®
® *^ ®
lie
® t
® .lf^=b u
® l l *
•irAiiA
® i\^lx
® 1
®
®
® i: I* A
If
156
^ f j ^ ^ L t* •?
- t f ^ l ± ^
$ J: 7
2 ^
H n
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28
t h e week af ter next
a round t he midd le
t he end
t he f i rs t half
t he latter half
t he first
3 ^
An
0 n •k i
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
H n !K 7jC :^ i
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23' 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
i V V C' t he last
V ^ -:> L * 9 W the f i rst week of t he mon th
{fr>t'^ t he end of t he m o n t h
L Jt 7 L rt> A the f i rs t ten days o f t he m o n t h
^11* 9 A t he middle ten days o f the m o n t h
IflltpL the last ten days o f t h e mon th
mi
SPEAKIWG PRACTICE
Look at next month's planning calendar and assuming you are a member of the sales staff, talk about
the events planned.
1 1 $ ft) 9 16
2 17 i . >
3 i 18 H
4 H 19 n
5 n 20
6 21
7 22
8 23
9 rL\1\ 24 ± 1 lt^L.^) 9 10 25
11 26
12 n 27
13 28 > ^ 7 - F 7 x T ( - 5 ^ 2 0 )
14 > 29
15 30
l l -
^A •r-r i
Confirming the schedules of staffs:
ê^A<L(D l t ^ L . ^ ) 9 l ± ^n<D nMnr-t^o -r-r i fciMfo * A L t > 9 »
fcv^lfo t i i -
fciMfo lie . i . T i - l i - A > f +
Kato: Suzuki, your training program—what week of next month is it?
Suzuki: It is the weekend of the fourth week.
Kato: Marie, you are going to take your vacation around the middle of next month?
Martin: No, at the beginning of next month. I'll take two days off.
Ï5H ^ L; J : 9
LtzA <>)-^,V^|C:fe
l t ^ L rt. T
planning calendar
gather ing place
prel iminary Inspect ion
Perry (surname)
coming t o Japan
t ra in ing session
| - t A L * 7
itPÏi-i th
t ra in ing session
(tit le of courtesy used among f r iends or toyvard people w h o rank beneath you) take a vacat ion
take, have
157
I. Services available at a department store:
®l\-f^li ®<6È\^i- ®<k:-i7- ® y o ^ T ^ ; - ® J;
®fc^T*)bVN ®-^ipilK' ® llrpK^pjl-o ® ATI
Things one can do at a department store:
®\6 111-
i T
®rx6
'i-t
< -ï) É V wheelchair
<\l — -/}— baby carriage
Dy(y a c o i n locker
i-^^LCi smok ing area
t * ic 9 L 0 nursing room
t ni 1 X rest area
i^X-t give back
S i " f I t -5 { R 2 ) give to (someone) to look after
•i^X.h{R2) exchange, change
t i h ' t w i t h d r a w (money)
. j - U C t) make a direct deposit into a bank account
SPEAKIWG PRACTICI
(^|)) Asking about services available at a department store:
'= * A U i»-A
T A i > A - t f X x A 7i> l; ,)sA
rat : 2 H # H T t ^ o
: Y'l t o
Tanaka: I parked my car in the parking lot, but for how many hours can I park it there for free?
salesperson: For purchases of more than ¥3,000, you can park there for two hours.
Tanaka: Two hours, is it?
salesperson: Yes. At the exit, show your parking ticket and receipts.
Tanaka: Okay. And is there somewhere I can rest?
salesperson: Beside the escalator there is a bench; feel free to use it.
Tanaka: Thank you.
Is there a bathroom
where one can change
a baby's diaper?
Is there a locker where
perishables can be stored?
t j ' ) X l f ree ~ff) ï i ï i z beside, by <'y h pet
~ ^ ^ L J: 9 more than . . . ^ i - f be, exist (pol i te f o rm) tct i,(0 perishables
ii tp T L f a L park ing t icket fet;-o diaper
l ^ i > - l - receipt \-4 1/ to i let , b a t h r o o m 159
A iADING & WRIT ING TASK
Read the e-mails below and then write a response. Refer to the sales department's April Schedule on
p. 157.
tr t 2 4 H . 2 5 B ® a * | i : 1 [*°
( t f b
tf ê
(fi)i^^^ inv i tat ion invite
1 | ± ° < stay of one n ight X i i X in f r on t o f the s tat ion
(counter for nights spent at a hotel or an inn) (C")'5>C"7 convenience
Izu (peninsula southwest of Tokyo)
V' t '
160
A
y-- - - - - - - - - - ¬
I. t<yiz->^^i:
:ktzt,\Z t<y<D i - ^ y h t : 2 i o tji:,^fz<DX\ U^lS^^jlZ tt
X 6 Z ï / t l f z ^ \ A < y i M.fz ZY^^ -^J:K^(DX\ n
t-i' at
II. B^^m^m^-z^^'x:
B-^%^\X(0 % h l t : t b V N i L/co t 7 L Z i ; t]K
»hfiH v>
IcA
ut
Answer the following questions:
1) C<7) K i ] ^ B-^U^mz n ' o f z ( D i ± V N o T t ' ^ ^
2) L i e ;fT$ i I f z ^ o
3) & < 7 ) i , x i : ^ | ± ^ •~9TL / : ' J \ >)-ft
L
i> 1 L c i ;
^ # It A'S'<
impression
opera
advert is ing f lyer
apply
visit f o r educat ional purposes, f ie ld t r ip
L J: $ 7
i-fz
beginning level
s tudent
way of ing (suffix)
humor
* (A^f:) added t o t he -masu s tem o f a verb means " h o w t o " or "way of," e.g., HL^-^ {'A^fz) , " w a y of teach ing , " ir L
<0 # (-^ 0 U { • A ' - t z ) , " h o w t o make sushi," i)^L\:<r> |^ (J:) (ii-fz) , " h o w t o read (a) kanji (character)," etc.
161
KANJI PRACTIC
both
Vl 1 ^ 1 ^
both
i; i •) t ^ i; i •) t ^
parent
^7/ first
L It a ^7 ^7/ first
L It a
y^
start
it y^
start
L r> -;i L ^
r LVf
L r> -;i L ^
go/come out put out
^ ^ ^ ^
- 4' in advance
J:
T ^ ^ ^ ^
- 4' in advance
J:
fix
J: Tv>
fix
J: Tv>
eye
»
.i.ft n>
r R —>
eye
»
.i.ft n>
7 last part
tl-oi-z, 7 last part
tl-oi-z,
1 V V \
think
i - u )
r 7 ' TO TO TO u
TO
1 V V \
think
i - u )
/' ' • >
-I
It is lunchtime. Ms. Martin is looking at travel brochures.
H ' ' ' ' •7;iy y : i ^ M ^ m i t L J ; ? ^ m-oX^^h/iri-o
- . p . 168
T i c V N ^ N L . ^ f ^ / i V N l O
l ^ 7 | v : X^^->tzh. ^ i f z L K ( T ^ ' j i t c t o
Work has finished, and Mr Suzuki and Ms. Martin are at a cyber café, looking at the website of a traditional Japanese inn.
z z \ t ^"-7 T - r ^ \ ^ P M ^ ^ b ^ < ^ x i t J l o
-7)19 y : vN^NT-r^o - f l ^ T ^ - S ^ ^ Yli-^- M v ^ T A É i - Q ^ ^ < - p . 170 «
Suzuki: Marie, are you going on a trip?
Martin: Yes, I'm thinking of traveling with my parents.
Suzuki: Where are you going?
Martin: That's just it. There are so many places I want to go, I'm at a loss. Kyoto would be nice, but
I also want to go to Kobe . . .
Suzuki: If you'd like, I'll give you advice.
Martin: Really? That would be a great help.
. . . . . . J
Suzuki: How about this place? You can see cherry blossoms from the rooms.
Martin: Very nice. I'll ask if I can make reservations.
164
VOCABULARV
L J ; 7
~ L ~ L
^ 7 / c X i c
(seep. 166)
be at a loss
and moreover.. .
if you would like
<D -5) give asked-for advice
fzir-Ó^i be a help
"5 ^ cherry blossom
MJ^ i> ( R 2 ) be visible, can see
~ T "" 7 if/whether (something is the case)
1. W ( ' j J; Z 7 ) n(^') < /LT-r^o In this case, Mr. Suzuki's intention is not to find out whether Ms. Martin is going on a trip. Instead, he
is guessing that she is going somewhere based on the circumstances, and is using that guess as a way
of starting a conversation. You use constructions like this one when you are interested in what some
one else is doing and want to find out more. Starting a conversation with / ( y T t demonstrates
your interest and lets you begin talking in a friendly manner (See also Unit 2, Lesson 4, p. 57.)
2. o This expression indicates that the following sentence is quite different from what would be expected.
You use it when beginning a response.
3. MHiJ:lY)t VNVNL. # F ( 3 7 ' < ) IC*) ^ f ( ^ 0 ^ / c V ^ L o When you link related reasons, excuses, or thoughts, you connect them with L , implying "and besides
which" or "and moreover.. ." Sometimes you can use both i and L in the same sentence to imply
that you have too many choices and are confused about what to do.
4. J:7§^-, /c ^ 7 / c X i C (Di)t-rXo X'é^'otz h, "if you'd like," "if it's all right with you," is a phrase you use at the beginning of an
invitation or a suggestion. It shows that you respect your listener's preference.
5. fz-rr^jt-to Literally "you save.me," fz't'i^^) i t is an expression of gratitude. Use it when someone offers
you help that you would be glad to accept.
MJ {^) X. •!) and M ) ZX.i> translate literally as "to come'into sight" and "to reach one's
ear," respectively. They are different from the potential forms MJ («^) b ^ • S , "to be able to see,"
and H ( $ ) I t -5), "to be able to hear" MJ{^) ^6 indicates that something is visible regardless of
the speaker's volition, while MJ («^) indicates only ability or possibility. Note that the particle
you use with MJ { ^ ) ; i •2) and M ( $ ) C X. •€> to mark the object of the sentence is not t.
I can see the ocean from my window.
I can hear someone singing.
165
1 G R A H M A R & P A T T E R N P R A C T I C E
fl Expressing Volition: "I Am Thinking a b o u t . . . "
Verbs ending in 1 / X l (plain form) or i L J; 9 (polite form) are in the volitional form and trans
late as "I ' l l . . . , " "we'll. . . , " or "let's . . ." This form can be combined with Y. Wi {ioij) -oX^^ i " t to mean "I'm thinking of doing" or "I'm planning to do."
v ^ - ^ L i l C mx\Z nZiY Wi-oX^'i-fo
I am thinking of going on a trip with them.
To produce the volitional form of a Regular II verb, simply drop from the dictionary form and add
ct 9. As for Regular I verbs, see the table below and keep in mind the correlation with the a-i-u-e-o
vowel order
-nai form -masu form dictionary form conditional form volitional form
* # 9 * ^ f e 9 *
• $ i t • < • I t I f • C 9
iiXr^j:\' i i X i ' i - t fcJ: <•• * ^ J : i t l f feJ;r'9
l t ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i t L i t i t t i t - i + l f l t ^ 9
Regular 1 ± o t x i l i ^ 9
L i c i t L t ó L^ fa l f L<759
J r l i ^ H N xtf-ï-t J : - ^ l f Xiti
<r> n <n m i
% 'J t t n ^ i
k ft k k t:<X 1 k
Regular II * , l t ^ l f M1X 1
Regular II
ff M.mx A
n.x 1 A
* i ' j i - f ' j H l f fe ' U 9
Irregular < < f J : 9
Irregular L i t L J ; 9
NOTE : Potential verbs do not have volitional forms.
166
n Change the verbs to their volitional fornns.
m) # 7
if
2 ) itzi
3 )
4) ^T<
5) <
6 ) l± /cb <
7 ) feJ: C
8 ) V N ^ < -
9 ) (i^^^t
1 0 )
1 1 ) L t ö
-s
1 2 )
1 3 ) # : t ;
1 4 ) ^iJ ft
1 5 )
1 6 )
1 7 ) fe^^
1 8 ) n6 1 9 ) ^ê^b-S
lie 2 0 ) ^6
<
2 1 )
3 Construct sentences as in the example.
m) mriz nii-to Hi
1) t i r l j I C (Dli')ti-o e i l ,
2 ) e r / ^ ' i ^ v N i t o
3 ) i ^ H ^ ' y / ^ ^ ê < ^ i t o lie
4 ) IC fe< Ij i t o 114
5) l ± ^ < 9 ^IC i j f ' j i t o
6 ) * ^ I t - . C A L i t o
hurry
give
I.D Giving a Fieason (2)
The -fe form can indicate a reason for or cause of what the main sentence expresses. Used in this
way, it is usually followed by an explanation of the speaker's feelings or circumstances and is virtuajly
interchangeable with <D T.
\ l i t z \ ^ YZh-h^ ^ < T . i J ; - ^ T v ^ ^ ^ T t o I- an
There are so many places I want to go, I'm at a loss.
This room is quiet and I'm pleased with it.
M it-L li/, ,t I don't have time, so I can't read the book.
If the main sentence expresses a result you have control over, you cannot use the -te form. Instead you
have to use '^'' h ox (T) X". Compare the following sentences.
ii^r ^ x < T . SfrLvN ( i , t r M^Ï^Lo
I have no money, so I can't buy a new car
fe#^< ii:^^<DX\ êf^l^' <6Èt M^'i^Lo
I have no money, so I won't buy a new car.
A noun followed by the particle T can also express a reason or cause.
The road is crowded because of an accident.
I was absent from work due to Illness.
accident
i Complete the sentences as in the example.
1) ceo è^/•£v^(± t ; - f^xvNTto
2) i<Di{i hèöTlfzo
—>
3) 1 ^ ^ V N T - f o
4) L L A W M ^ i L / c o
5) ^tzi^iz é^i^LTLtz. tt t,
... L^l±^^!c ^ / i j i L/-CO
... 'j i L/co
I Complete the sentences as in the example.
m) i t o i ± ^ < ' i t u i - f o
-» ;f lo^< j ^ ^ ( O T \ ( i ^ < ' J f ' j i t c
1) 9/-c^ ltzl(D-ö^ t ^ T t c
... J; < 7 ) 7 t ^ l C ^ f ^ i t c
2) * o v N T t o
... t < ^ i - t i : A ^ ^ i h\iX<fzi\\
3) r7h°-<7) OTj vN^ rJ ' Jb^^ 'j i-t ir^o i)V=
iiLifzi''' quest ion
9 4 ^5 o noisy, i r r i tat ing, annoying
C X voice
S C ; t -ÏI (R2) be able t o hear (l it., "reach one's ear" )
\ZL/u ear thquake
Z'ti i> have a hard t ime , be t roub led
169
(OI Forming Indirect Questions •
"I don't know when I will go," "Please tell me whether you will go." Sentences like these, which con
tain indirect questions, are formed in Japanese as follows:
(1) For yes/no questions, you change the form of the verb or adjective before ^ to its plain form and !
replace with TJ' Yl' i -i)-^ (often omitting )f 1 in everyday speech).
X f < I don't know whether I can make a reservation.
^\^r Y:I:Ö- i - t i : ^ o
I don't know whether it is expensive.
However, if the word before / ' is a -na adjective in the present-affirmative tense or a noun + T t , you leave out 7c from the plain form.
I don't know whether it is useful.
1 don't know whether he is a student.
(2) In the case of wh-questions, the procedure is the same as (1) above but you leave out Y' j
Y:Z\Z n<-^^ iiL^X<fzi^\
Please tell me where you are going.
an
Please tell me about how big it is.
Please tell me what you like.
Y:L^£ <6t-f}^ m ^ x < m \ \
Please tell me what kind of car it is.
If it is necessary to specify the subject in an indirect question, use ^1
^Al± m-^^LM Y'ziz \^6i]- L ' J i - t i r A o I don't know where Mr. Tanaka is.
I.'
Construct sentences as in the examples.
~T^< :
g 2 ) VNO ^ u i t ^ \ hr^)t^Lo
1) L i P X 1 T!)^ * ' J i t ^ \ » - f t i ;
2) fflt^5^l±
4) ^ji^/Llz Yt-ofz ZY^ * ' j i - f ^ \ ^;l.X'^Alc MvNT<^ i - fo
5) *>L;^c W i c * b ^ i t ^ ^ im.X<tzi^K
6)Y:Z\Z x^titz-'}\ b-r^tttzo
D K i Y i^t^Y Y'ihh^ i r i r i r r . xh:^iHz m^^r<tii^^.
8) VNO u - o z i t - r r . i t ; $ * b T v ^ i - ^ f ^ o
|c < meat
171
W O R D P O W E R
Feelings:
® 7 a i T j ^ o / c T - t ® < LT^^-^ / iT t ®i^>f6iilfc ® ^^^xLrJ^oT^cTi-
PHRASE P O W E R
Events:
® L l t ^ l C
® L l t ^ l C
® L^VNIC
® LibvNic
® rJMiX^
®
® T X ^ I f X r " 7 ^
®
® ^ l f t l c fe<a^
r"7'§^<-t'S pass an exam
fail an exam
win a match
lose a match
leave one's bag somewhere
lose one's wallet
dial the wrong phone number
oversleep
be late for a meeting
the air conditioner breaks down
•9 L \ ^ happy, g lad i i ' o U be d isappointed
< L V N regret table [l-fi'- L v ^ embarrassing
H'e^l^ < be surprised C' 9 < •& pass
7) ' L V V sad C' 9 7} < passing an exam
(il) fai l
75^0 w i n
É l t - 5 ( R 2 ) lose
t%i'^Xi> (R2) mistake
Uiïl-fi oversleep
i i l ï l ge t t i ng up late
Ü<hh (R2) be late
Z b i l h (R2) break
S P E A K I N G P R A C T I C E
Mr. Mills and Ms. Martin are talking about their experiences since coming to Japan. Listen to what
they say, and then talk about your own experience.
impo r t an t
ice t iockey
be surprised
speech 173
READING & SPEAKING PRACTICE ^ - - • - - - -
Read the vacation brochures for Shiretoko, Kanazawa, and Okinawa, and summarize their content. How
do you get to these places, and how long do the journeys take? How much do the tours cost? And what
can you do at these popular destinations?
3 5, 8 0 OR
mm^h
{mm-^^h 1 0 0^^) lift fi Uv-, ."-L
"(ili)'i I ' l l / - l i - T j H ^ L - t f X o ^ A world natural heritage site
174
L - t f X
<
the wo r l d
nature
her i tage site
Shiretoko (peninsula in Hokkaido)
rental car
Kushiro (city in Hokkaido)
Haneda ( locat ion of an a i rpor t In Tokyo)
•^•tfi N i i '- j wild animals
^•^f^^ the wild
ÜL'ih
3
2 5 . 2 0 0 - 6 5 , 4 O O R
S i t
3 - 4 ^ - ' 5 H F B ^ 3 8 , 0 O O R -
m m ^ = > = > = ^ M #
6 : 4 5 9 : 0 0
1 0 : 3 0 1 3 : 0 0
t f - f - • 1; y - h in O K I N A W A ! !
Kanazawa (city in lshi!<awa Prefecture) Ti- l i Naha (city in Okinawa)
enjoy arr iv ing a t . . .
garden sightseeing w i t h i n the city
t rad i t ion w i t h i n t he ci ty
g o u r m e t . s ightseeing
f - f - • U V ' - h beach resort day t r i p
- b y h pacl<age \/V9ti- • y'y y rental car op t i on
depar t ing . . . and so on (particle) 175
I. Travel:
® 'j J: 9 ^
® A A. "fY'i,
® fe9>^<. ^Vc<^^
® . r x ^ ^
® N L J;
/ PARTICLE REVIEW \
Take special note of the particles in these senetences:
1 oaf IC mm\E §èir6o 1 1 « I C S p ^ E J:: 9 <1-^o
^ - ^ - [ F g 'j Jt 9 US] ^b>r^o
H:^<7) L[ÏC] ixi^r IC IÏA
i depart Haneda at ten o'clock.
I arrive in Naha at 11:30.
I check out prices of inns.
I stay at a hotel.
I select food from a menu.
I have an interest in Japanese history
I see sights.
I participate in a one-day tour
75^/cA* ,
fare
roundt r ip
adul t
one -way
place o f interest
no r th
L^-plfo-r-?-
south
wes t
east
depar t
depar ture
Z')-t,'<'<i-h
S Jt 9 A
arrive
arrival
choose
have an interest
interest
^ ^ Consulting a colleague about where to go for vacation:
Vt ')iZn v> J: T l ' u
hij M.i^K6l. i^L^Llzi „
5/bX : < l i * feT izh^ ^ ^ / ' J . H f X < 0 + T - f r i " (Ï
t <\:htl' feJ:wTVN^<73^< ^ ; t ; c ^ t o T V N i L T c o
^ JlX: ;i-:>. ^ ^ ^ ^ 7 T t ^ \
Mills: I plan to go on a trip for summer vacation, but I'm at a loss as to where to go.
Nakamura: How about Kanazawa? It is a city with history. (There) you can see famous gardens, and
moreover you can bathe in the hot springs.
Mills: I prefer to spend my time amidst nature, rather than (spending it) seeing temples and
gardens and other such things.
Nakamura: If that's the case, Shiretoko in Hokkaido would be good. Ever since it became a world
heritage site, it has been popular. A friend went there last year. She said she could see
whales from the boat (her tour took her on).
Mills: Oh, really?
< Lh
w o r l d heri tage site
boa t
w h a l e
K A N J I P R A C T I C
trip
mt
f trip
mt
/ • 1
many
an /•.. .
many
an
few little
'J 4^ »il .
few little
house, shop roof
" 5 ^ r house, shop roof
1 ^ contract/promise aproxhnately
• J: <•< 4 1 r 1 ^ contract/promise aproxhnately
• J: <•<
m
1. E
m< r r r 1 >|
m<
m listen m
f i t new
i t L v N *ftfc
n
f i t new
i t L v N *ftfc
• / '
old
.1.4
—p
old
.1.4
depart
7 ^
depart
# < > >-# <
reach wear
# <
Ms. Martin lias phoned the inn where she plans to stay, the Miyako Inn.
'I fi-L vt ') i li-iC
• 7 j i y y - . f ^ i fe^^nN LTc^^AT-f/^^"o J: ^<
ttsT^^'S. - A 1 }ó 1 8 , 0 0 0^(7) ^ j 3 M ( i i / • £ ^
ir<lt(7)A : L J; 9 L J: 9 fei^ < t^^w UK^ r f f i * T $ i t o
mn<DA:i^^^K z : t i / i h < ^ a ^^fztz\-ftir^\
5 6 X X T t o
mn(OA : I X i T fe t;^^x. IC i V Mj i - t , ^ ^ r ^ 9 ^ ^ < ( i 'fpjef
y r t o m M # - f - | i 0 9 0 - 1 2 3 4
i : « i ^ = - p . 182 '
XF" - p . 1 8 4
^ i t t < 7 5 A : L J; 9 Tt, L i L/co ^ ^ T l i fei^LTfe'jit<
1 8 0
i l i :
innkeeper: This is the iVliyako Inn.
Martin: I'd like to make a reservation,
innkeeper: Thank you very much.
Martin: April first and second for three people, and are the rooms at ¥18,000 per person, per
night, showen on your website still available?
innkeeper: Just a moment, please. Yes, we can have one ready for you.
Martin: Will you do me the favor, then (of booking me a room)?
innkeeper: Could I have your name and contact information?
Martin: Marie Martin. My telephone number is 090-1234-56XX.
innkeeper: We'll come and pick you up at the station. About what time might you be arriving?
Martin: I think it will be around six o'clock, but we may be a little late. I'll call you when we arrive
at the station.
Innkeeper: Understood. We'll be waiting for you.
tt! 6 (R2) T'
Miyako Inn (f ict i t ious inn)
(counter for people)
websi te
appear
o p e n up, become vacant
(pol i te pref ix)
prepare, get (something) ready
feij^^^X-l- i V N ' J i t go to meet (humble f o r m )
tiiiyh i i i contac t in format ion fe'jit
go, come (humble f o rm)
may, m igh t
w h e n , if
I understand (polite f o rm)
wel l then
I wi l l be wa i t ing (humble f o rm)
be, exist (humble fo rm)
_
1. R/O/CAA/CHARGES
One night per person with supper and breakfast inclulded (v ^ o l±° <( |C L J: O is the most con
spicuous formula for ryokan charges. It is not common in Western-style hotels, which are more apt
to quote room charge only or room charge plus, optionally, breakfast. It is better to confirm whether
tax is included (-Ifv 3 J^) or whether a service charge is included (-^ —\l 7. X 1 Z ^ ) in the
room rate. These days reservations at some ryokan can be made online.
2. POLITE LANGUAGE
People in the service industry often use the following polite expressions.
(1) fe i ^) < /c ^ »• \ meaning "please wait" but more formal than t -z> X ( tz^^^;
(2) ZH-AJ ^ i i and C' ^ 7 ^ ^ <(, where C before the noun has the same function as fe' in
fe-^ê I t ('^" i X.) —i.e., to show respect toward the person spoken to or the persons or things
connected with him or her;
(3) L X 1 ió L È L fz, "\ understand and agree to do it."
181
R
I J bxpressing Uncertainty
tl^i) L i -tf means "may" or "might," literally, "I cannot tell if it is true." You use it when you
cannot say something for certain, though you know the possibility definitely exists.
I might be a little bit late.
Plain forms come before L ^ i 4f X . However, like with Indirect questions (Lesson 11, p. 170),
if the word is a -na adjective in the present-affirmative tense or a noun 4- X"t, you leave out tz from
the plain form.
K t <
A friend may come to my house.
h<D M t fet L ^ V N ^ J ^ ^ j L ^ i - t f / C o
That book may be interesting.
Mr. Tanaka may be good at skiing.
hLtzit hM^tl^i^Lo
It might rain tomorrow.
Construct sentences as in the example.
m) hlfzU h^tj' i t o
1) t/x 7 ^XU i t o
—>
2) Hfp^^< i - t i r A o
3) t v ^ T V ^ i t o
A) h<D AU mAi^<0 V ^ ^ , 7 ^ ^ ^ T t c
5) ^ ^ v - J : ' j : t , 7 j ^ T o < 7 ? i i ^ V N T t o
6) T^^^X<7 )T\ t±ihr ^ ; l i t o
7) 4^B(± (:/i^x<7)T\ i ± ^ < 9^1= ' J f ^ i t c S i ? ii-A
8) ^f^) 7 i: Jt 7^^~ -tfivN<75T\ < 'Si^^- YiöhKÈ^/Lo
9) ( f X ^ l c ^xo/c<75T\ -y-y7)-(;) L*,vN|c d i f p t L i t o T
10) ^ i ' J J; 7 L ^ /7 j ^o^c<0T \ L l t ^ l C fe*,ito
fall (of rain, snow) parking space/spot narrow
1 8 3
Talking about Future Events Coming into Being
The -ta form of a verb followed by h (hereafter ~ fz t>) essentially means "upon completion of an
action/event." In present-tense sentences, a clause with ~ /c b expresses a condition that triggers an
action described in the main sentence. The condition may range in likelihood of occurrence from likely
to highly unlikely. In this lesson you will learn how to use ~ 7c b in the sense of "when" to speak
about an occurrence that is likely to take place. (You will learn another usage of — 7c in Unit 5.)
^ 9 B f 5 0 ^ T - r o 1 OHfic t'-ofz^. L l t A ^ iè^i-fo
It is now 9:50. When it is 10:00, we will begin the exam.
Here you can see that the meaning of ~ 7c b is that when a certain circumstance (described by the
~ 7c l j clause) holds true, then some action/event will occur •
A : V N O t B ^ M t i I X l f ) \
B : < ^ C 1 ± X ^ ^<fziy. \iir\-ftlxio Vi f: T
A: When shall we go out?
B: When we finish lunch, let's go out.
May I go home when this work is finished?
Earlier you learned ^fz Y i (Unit 3, Lesson 8, p. 119). The difference between ~ 7 c ^ $ and
^fzh is that ^ f z ^ is used to state a necessary condition for what follows, while ^fz ^ $ is
used only to specify a point in time.
^ • ts:^ '<Dr * S é-yfz K i l±^ / L i L J: 7 o
I don't have time now, so let's talk when we meet next week.
In this sentence ~ 7c Y. i is more appropriate. If the speaker had used ~ 7c t instead, he would
have been saying, "I don't have time now, so let's talk if we meet next week," implying, "If we don't
meet next week, we cannot talk." Such a nuance is unnecessary, so he uses ~ 7c Y i .
The reason you often use ^ f z ^ instead of ~ 7 c ^ $ in expressions like 1 0B# ( C) I- f i -o
fz ^ (first example above) is that ^fz Y. i implies "at the moment," focusing on the time rather
than the condition.
Complete the sentences as in the example.
1) tt*^^' I f - ' b^
- ^ l i L o i c * T < tziw
2) ^ -~.<
L tp-tlrT < / c ^ v N „
3) 7 1--?.
SIC- n6 t ; ^ T i - o
4) 5;bX'^A^^-
7 ^ ^ ^ - I f ^ iè^i L J; 7 o liU
5) U f ^ A W T ^ ^
^ J ; f / | c * T < T ^ ^ V N ,
6 ) . tx^Hc # <
< L i - f o
ts
^ l ± ^ ^ ^<iz ^ f $ i L J: 7o
8) Lt* < ti^^r t ± ;
f - i / e ^ vHN-r-fJ;o
9) 7^ IC iJt^
m i è L T < / ^ ^ V N „ T A i7
.10) j;1^±;
^ : fe^-ti:^lc x u i L j; 7o 111'
dinner
f i omework
be f in ished
) PRACTICE 1
WORD POWER
I. Cooking:
1 i
1
@fei1)^
®^i\^^
(0) ^ ^ 7 ® L J: 7 P$ @ - f
L i 7 ® ? > 7 l ^ < ® ^ U I C < i t)-t£
NOTE : Japanese, like English, has intransitive and transitive verb pairs. Intransitive verbs do not take a direct
object, whereas transitive ones do.
fe yp-Ó^ h { (INTRANSITIVE)
the water boils fe't^^ h-fj-^-f (TRANSITIVE)
boil the water
186
a^cp hot water
h < boil (intr.)
M^-t boi l (trans.)
^ l t ' ? . ( R 2 ) roast ( i n t r )
^ < roast (trans.)
\^xi>{K2.) cook (in l iquid) (intr.) L i i salt
I c ^ i (R2) cook (In l iquid) (trans.) L I 7 soy sauce
v ' / c * i . ? ) (R2) st ir-fry - f v inegar
^ \ i h {Kl) deep- f ry -^^Ci-i^ o i l , f a t
i h cut , chop '{ oil
C L j ; 7 (black) pepper
S' l j ) 7 |c < beef
U I - < chicken
(meat)
• i ; 7 c l c < pork
i .
> E A K I N G P R A C T I C E
Helping out at a barbecue party:
ttz l ± ^ V N ^, L a i - t i : ^ o {checking the other side) ^ o , t
t i c
Kato: Is it done yet?
Green: It's probably too early (to take it off the grill), (checking the other side) Not yet. I'll call
you when it's done, so please help yourself to the been IVlartin: Is there something I might help you with?
Green: Well, sorry to trouble you, but when the water boils, put it in the thermos jug. Then cut up those vegetables.
Green: The meat is done.
Green's wife: Please, everyone, help yourself to lots of food.
Martin: What a wonderful smell. What are we supposed to put on it/dip it in? Kato: I'll take salt and peppen What about you, Marie? Martin: I'll take soy sauce.
( f e ) T - : 3 / c V v help i c f e o smell
fcT't'TcV^-f^ help (humble fo rm) o | - f 4 (R2) p u t (sauce etc.) on , d ip ( food) in
^'-yh t he rmos j u g ( f e ) L Jt r i ^ soy sauce
46 L i i ï S ^ ' o T < o please eat (honor i f ic f o r m )
i^Lchi^i eat (honor i f ic fo rm)
L I S T E N I N G P R A C T I C E '
I Listen to the tour guide's tall<:
Hi;
J; Tv>
-oi'lz
i t o ! ; 7 f t ' i > i; I' i i i f t ' o i;
t / ' i : / O T J ^ A I C # $ i t o 1B#FB14^<%VN i<ULt: ^ / b t . f/" V- i; *>A l iA *
c HJ-^/^^ACT? t^^ic uxhyyr ^ - f t ^ J::'j i t o ^ -ft CT;) ^ i T
3 0 f <"h^' feo^^if ^ K 9 * Ij i t o
* ' ' 2 B | t $ ' " l ^ i ^ f J ^ W l - ' i i ^ n ' i t o 3^Z'6 mtlz # < - f ^ T t o IK
ItIC # V N / C fe^P/li^ r ' * , A t - v N L i t o 7 H f i T i : i ^ 9 B f M T t < 7 ) T \ O
T i j É t - L </^Vv^o 4Bfr)^b fe^^-?.lc x ^ i t o ^ ^ - f t i i v ^ ^ ^ i ^ T t o
I ' *
Let me explain today's schedule.
To begin with, we will go to Todaiji. Once we arrive at Todaiji, we will take a group picture. After that,
feel free to take your time to look at the temple and the large statue of Buddha.
Next, we will go to an art museum. Having seen works of art for about an hour and a half, we will
have lunch in the restaurant inside the museum. After lunch there will be about thirty minutes to buy
souvenirs.
Just after two o'clock we will head to the Asuka Inn. We are scheduled to arrive at the inn around
three o'clock. Once we arrive at the inn, we will show you to your rooms. You will have free time until
seven o'clock, so feel free to relax. From four o'clock you can take baths. Dinner is from seven. Please
gather in the dining room on the first floor by seven.
Well then, we will board the bus now, so please line up single file.
V^/; L i t do (humble f o r m ) head to
I I U W I C t o begin w i t h f ree, unrestr icted
H 7 ti\ ^ i : Todaij i ( famous temple) fetC'L < / - c ^ v N please spend t ime (pol i te f o r m )
i t ' f i rs t o f all 1 * 7 L J: < dinner
a f ter t ha t L Jt < Ü-7 d in ing room, cafeteria
please look (honor i f ic f o rm) fe-*>-:>i U i / - c ' ^ o please gather (pol i te fo rm)
next gather, congregate
i < UL w o r k of a r t v ^ ^ a - J l c one line
^ tj> 7 L J: < lunch please line up (polite f o rm)
i t ^ J ^ ' J XA^L Asuka Inn (f ict i t ious inn)
S P E A K I N G P R A C T I C E
Confirming the details of the day's schedule as described by one's tour guide:
^ ^ 7 J ^ L ^ : ft^[± xiy<6LTi-t)\
participant: I didn't quite hear; where are we going to eat lunch?
tour guide: At the restaurant inside the art museum,
participant: Can we choose our meals?
tour guide: Yes, you can choose a meal you like.
Now explain the schedule in your own words:
9 : 0 0 L D> - 3 If-P
9 : 3 0
fe#^ Aiht T f;\ A
1 0 : 3 0
1 1 : 0 0 U to-^-h-'h%f <
( 1 Bff^^) ^ -fe 4 < f A A t •)~/Cll/, ^-O? L i <
1 3 : 3 0
1 4 : 1 0
1 5 : 0 0
1 9 : 0 0 * ? L i <
par t ic ipant
1 8 9
S P E A K I N G P R A C T I C E
^ ^ I. On the train when one's eel! phone rings:
mf- m i o
fe'j/-cb femi^Litc T A h
Suzuki: Hello . . , Yamashita: Oh, Mn Suzuki? I'm sorry, but I'm on a train now. I'll phone when I get off.
C II- In a meeting when one's cell phone rings:
VSlt: +-f ê 4 A iT XL h
• 4 ^ ^m'¥fi:<or o ^h-^fch. ziih^h fe€lè
Suzuki: Hello . . . Yamashita: Oh, is it you, Mn Suzuki? I'm sorry you've had to call so many times. I am in the middle
of a meeting right now, so . . , when the meeting is over, I'll call you.
III. Leaving a message on someone's answering machine:
# ; f : ili>l o ï t l i X m i ^ : / c / c ' v ^ i m M i c i i i ^ ^ K i - t f A o i ± o LA feX < 7 ) ^ i T \ / - y
T A h XL h r *>t
Suzuki: Hello . . . answering machine: I cannot come to the phone now. Record your message after the tone.
Suzuki: Yes, this is Suzuki. Call me on my cell phone when you come home this eve
ning. I'll be waiting.
' ^ i L t z Yamashita (surname) [i-oL L i i L beep (on an answering machine)
è many t imes /-y-^—'y message
i i - f [ f L X ' L h answer ing machine ^ i H L - ^ i record
fz fz^ ^i r ight n o w (poHte fo rm) ^ i H L record ing
( X ' L h K ) Ti{R2) answer ( the phone)
A
tx.
i - t fXo t / x i ^ l z fj:6ff^t LKi^A.0 9 ^ l c 9 i-5 L/C
^( f9^^~ X - l . ^ ^ ^ ; LtL i - t i -Ao c ^ ( ± X 1 :LX^^^ ^ I ) / ^ ^ ^ . L / K i - t t A o
VOCABULARY
L X.yH°V L ct 9 worrywart
- ^ gloomy
L C IC ^ 9 get into an accident
^ 9 •?> go under, go bankrupt
^ 9 5 /-/ bankruptcy
fe ; V serious
^"-Slï"? thief, robber
191
, f | i
A
< 0 ,1: SA c ^^ ?-'< -^^ * -'^
,j, i: i A -tt ïi'i^ L -ttX 4A 7 A i : ' 7 tiA
,i. u i A *i« 'Pi
\xtUZV'il t i L t ï 9 - 5 < L i A i: 4 ü' 'iXi<
C SA IC IJA i-LtXiiUi^' L ± 7 t J t 7
* The stem of an adject ive f o l l owed by i expresses a cond i t ion , nature, or extent. For example:
^ ( ^ t ) ^ cheapness
* ( 7 c « ) L $ f u n
i C*!) ? ser ious-mindedness
1 9 2
VOCABUURY
Xn] O Ti
height 3 t < I C far away
l t ? f<
approximately tz L-^Hz certainly
* u (-masu stem of ^ •!>, used in place of t he -fe f o rm in wr i t i ng ) UNESCO
iy-X'y season called . . .
mounta in c l imbing
chal lenge
movement
however
m\
Edo per iod (1603-1867)
age, per iod
be realized
the reason w h y is b e c a u s e . . .
mater ial , subject mat ter
z:^
I C regret tably
«« many (of people) z:^ trash
•7 — T
•7 0<
mania
beaut i fu l
V-Zlft people
h o w
- > + y 9 y x chance at a per fec t pho to m m take back
'^X, Ti-
morn ing sun
cover (wi th)
change
# X -2) (R2) i1Xt»<
T i X S i •)
W M
th ink a b o u t
env i ronment
p rob lem
/ STYLE NOTE \
Up to this point you have seen plain forms used in a variety of sentence structures where they
have acted as modifiers. Used in this way, plain forms have no effect on sentence tense or polite¬
, ness level. Another usage of plain forms is in the sentence-final position. In both spoken and
written Japanese, plain forms appear frequently at the ends of sentences, where they indicate
tense and, in the case of spoken Japanese, add an air of casualness.to what is said. The sentences
in the reading task at left, you might have noticed, all end in the plain style. This is typical of writ
ten Japanese, which with the exception of letters and essays usually requires plain forms.
KANJI PRA mt 1 1
public buUding i i f r I f I f I f it 1 ' i :
stay overnight
^ 7 f l
)0 t
y y y p
yen
r >
1 9 4
tn v>
mind meaning
11
electricity
li ^ 5 f ^
electricity 1. •
l i t
Ü p i P
l i t
P P U p ^ p n —>
speak teU P P U p ^ p n
—>
number
v>iSliX
^ # <f/- l iX
5 ^
number
v>iSliX
^ # <f/- l iX
t T
nimiber
#-f-IfAC'-i
u r 7 i P ?
nimiber
#-f-IfAC'-i
station
IR
I R I
IRIg it-itx.
f r IT' s station
IR
I R I
IRIg it-itx. 1 if 1 IX
-;:y.;.i.i:, :|,(.)
f W ,' Fill in the blanks with the appropriate particle.
1) f r : i r h^hx\^6(n ( ) | . ; t i t o
3) )^z\z -b-^-^ iV^^z ) h i r i i t l f z .
A) typLXf { ) T ^ / c t . XLTitz^^^o
5) /cTè<75 ( ) iXl^t}^ ^ i j i t o
( l|| '• Choose the correct word from among the alternatives (1-4) given. The same word cannot be used
" twice in the same dialogue.
2. i/H" 3. T l± 4. i - f
2) A.: S> L/c(7) ^ I f t l c t t i b ^ i - f ' J ^
B : ( ) L i * V : t , j ; 9 T Hi btL^j-nNATto
A : ( ) (± ^ i f - ^ T l c L i L j : 9 o
1. ^ H T J ^ I ; , " ' 2 .^H^j .^b 3. 4. TcL/^Mc
3) A : t t t O j l c (;)(fo/c IJ i^^" * ) ' j i - t ^ \
A : ( ) L i i c 'ijitliio
^.^M-h^^''2.^^X-\t 3. i f 4. i / c
l^P' Change the form of the word given in parentheses to complete the sentence in a way that makes
sense.
1) - 7 ; ^ ^ y ^ ^ ( ± BM^-b' ( ) ^ \ ( l § L i t ) ic liA r l it
2) / : ^ L J ; 9 B l C 7 : 7 - F ^ ( ) ^ o T o i - f c (fe < 'J i t )
3) ( ) . J^i^Hi-tf-Ao ( 7 ^ ^ v N T t )
4) ^ L / c I l ( ) L>} t i - t f^o ( ^JóT- t ) 5) 1 OHfIC ( ) ^ l i ^ i ê * ^ i t o ( t t ' U i - t )
U -iH S' liC
1 9 6
•ij^'i Choose the most appropriate word or phrase from among the alternatives (1-4) given.
fi tx
2) A: Z<D - { t i . ( )
I . ^ V N T 2 . t h T S . - ^ ^ ^ - ^ T 4 . - r ^ o T
3) 3(7) O - h ^ l V ^ / : V ^ ^ T - t ^ ^ - K T ( )
1 , . ^ ^ J C * b i t 2 . ; t b < i t 3 . l ± i ^ ; t i - f A . i l l Z ^ t - f
4) A : f iO j / * ^ - ( ) J:o
B : hh^" ik^'T-tUo
L ^ i t 2 . ^ t ^ i t S.Mj^ti- 4 . ^ - t f i - r A A A A
5) A - . m x r i r r . Xr-ofzi:, T7/HXIC (TJI j i - fcto
B : ( )o
3. XX. X-ofiK^t-f A.tzi--f]^^}ti-
SQ}] Fill in the blanks with the correct reading of each kanji.
1) t^^)l<D TOLi Lfz.
( ) ( )
2) v i j - ^ 5 A < 0 z:^m\t « l c ?.^*t,T « | c > 0 i ' J i L / : o
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3) x-itzh. tbrjMt'S f^r-r. ( ) ( ) ( )
1 9 7
At no time are verbal skills more
crucial than when you face some
sort of trouble. This unit provides
practice in telling someone what is
wrong and asking for help, as well
as in explaining how to deal with
a problem when you are asked for
help by others. Taken up are ways
of giving instructions on how to use
equipment, showing someone how
to reach a certain destination, and
other expressions necessary to get
ting around in everyday life.
Mr. Suzuki walks by while Mr Mills and Ms. Martin are looking at a computer screen.
•f-f S 'j.ic 4 l c
{turning toward iVIr. IVlills) T t Uo
- p . 2 0 2
- . p . 2 0 4 7 • ! T *
i L / - c J ; o
= ; b X ' : - t H I i v N V N ^ / ^ o ( f < |± i /•£ . ^ < - $ ^ < f z z)^^< fz
Martin: Fantastic!
Suzuki: What? What?
Martin: We were just looking at the sales trends of our new product. It's fantastic, isn't it?
Mills: It sure is. This month's sales are twice last month's. f
Suzuki: Is that right? Sales have grown dramatically, haven't they?
Mills: I heard that if one million cases are sold, a special bonus will be issued.
2 0 0
n
Suzuki: Really? If a special bonus is issued, let's all go out for some sort of delicious meal.
Mills: That would be great. I haven't yet had the experience of eating fugu, you know.
Martin: I'd like to go to a ryotei.
VOCABULARY
fantast ic, w o n d e r f u l %it6 (R2) sell, be sold
us, our connpany t<'<-z>
special
sales trends bonus
sales amoun t ft! 6 (R2) T
be issued
t imes, double
ft! 6 (R2) T
blowf ish
<Dt/6 (R2) extend, g r o w U J : 7 T v ^ an elegant and expensive t rad i t ional Japanese restaurant
case 1 wish . . . (sentence-f inal part ic le)
1. - r r ' v ^ ! You use this word to express surprise at something that is exceptional in some way. Repeating t C
V \ as in ir Z\ ^ I -f C'~v ^ ( T t ^ 1 ) intensifies the emotion. Using t •( before an adjective
makes the adjective more intense, so that Z ( ^ tJ^^ and t ^" ^ ^ fe\. are similar to "ter
ribly cold" and "awfully far" in English.
2. ^ ( ^ M c ) , ?
Mr. Suzuki could have said ( t tMc) only once, but by saying it twice he indicates that he is really
interested in finding out what Ms. Martin is referring to.
3. 7 ^
7 ió literally means "inside," and groups—employees of the same company, students of the same
university, or members of the same household, for example—use it to refer to themselves or things
belonging to them as opposed to outsiders. Thus, a businessperson might speak of 1 ii<D ^P-ft ( v ^ ^ ^ J; 7 ) , "our department manager," while a student might mention 7 ió<^ (tz^^'é' i ),
"our university." If someone says 7 ^<7) V ^tó, he or she means "our dog."
Use this pattern when you are eagerly inviting a friend or close colleague to do something with you.
But be careful, because it is considered rude to use it toward someone who ranks above you, such as
a supervisor or teacher
5. MIXING THE DESU/MASU AHD PLAIN STYLES
The second half of this dialogue contains a mixture of the desu/masu and plain styles. This kind of
mixture is common in everyday speech, especially in a situation like this, where the speakers are of
approximately equal social rank. (For more on mixing of speech styles, see p. 206.)
6. V s ^ N ^ / ^ / ^ f ( vO ' 5 T ^ / c V ^ ^ X * o
When talking to yourself or expressing a wish or a vague question in a casual setting, you can add ^
201
to the end of the sentence to say "I wish" or "I wonder," as in (h fz L) ij 0 -oX <^ fz V ^^X^>, "I wish I could go, too," or fz^ ^ ll- X 1 S^fl^fch, "I wonder if it is all right." In form 4' ^ is an utterance to oneself, but you can use it to make your feelings known to those around you in a roundabout way.
7. ( i '< l± tt; ^(fz)<fz C^7j< t t H v A / c I t ^ " o A 7c I t J:!' is a casual way of saying /CT't"'^'^, example of which you saw in Units 1 and 2. This /^tz I t ^ makes Mr. Mills's otherwise matter-of-fact statement, "I haven't yet had the experince of eating fugu," imply, "I'd like to eat fugu." You can use /Ctzli Jl"" in this way to subtly make your desires understood.
11 ' Describing a Change in State (2)
Earlier you leamed ~ T $ i "t" (Unit 2, Lesson 6, p. 85). This pattern is also used, in a completely different sense, to express a process of change. You use ~ T $ i t when you have become aware of a change in some state and want to make a note of it,
(1) To indicate that something has changed over time:
Ax^t/' :^^XXitlfzo
The population has increased.
An7j< ^-oXitLfzo
The population has decreased.
(2) To indicate that something has begun to change:
mtj' r^^-oXitifzo
It has begun to rain.
^ t ; < f^'-oXitifzo
It has gotten cold.
l^/LZ ^ populat ion
I Construct sentences as in the example.
m) A n . ^6
-CTJzi
1) v > v 3
2) M ^-5>
3) 'j tJ) 9 -tfvN,
4) f ^ ' ^W
5) 7 ) n ^ 7 J n ^ ^ # ^
I Complete the conversations as in the example.
#ij ) Zt] (NOTE : This conversation takes place in a train.)
1) t •( (NOTE : This conversation takes place in a train.)
- * A :
B : XX. wï<D mr ^^ti' i^^jtifzti^hn.
tx. xi 4<<-tfv>
2) S J - < h<ti:6
A : B : l ï A ^ 7 T t ^ a o . ^ ^ ^ T L J ; 7 ' ^ \
3) l ± ^ ^
A :
B : Xt!'-ofzT-tno
U * 9 < - t t ^ * fo re ign s tudent
i^-f number, quant i ty
^ • t sky
l i ^ - i . (R2) dear up 2 0 3
00 Making Hypothetical Statements
You can use Tc b to make if-statements as well as when-statements. The if-clause formed with
~ /c is used to assume a condition that is uncertain or unlikely to occur, and you use it to make
comments or ask questions concerning what you or the other party would do, or would like to do, if
some event were to occur
T IJ i : •) V >
If a big bonus was issued, I'd want to go abroad.
You use é L, "if," at the beginning of a ^ 7c b clause when you want to make it clear that what
you are about to say is a supposition.
3 . - 7 * - ft
If I saw a UFO, I'd take a picture of it.
I Complete the sentences as in the example.
m) W^t}< 1 ^ ^ . ^
iv. V V-t * iA
1) tz^h < CIC hfz6
2)
3) r^ <T ^ <y I t tt < -f •
^ ^ 9 it-r^o
5 ) 7JX i : ; ^< l^aó^L-v J;
. ^ ? ± i c f \ i t l l l - b \
t l if • ' < X / t ' — h passport
fz/i^^<C lo t tery ; ^ h ( labor)st r ike
w i n
K.l- f l y
I Complete the sentences as In the example.
1) « T J ^ -
3) *.L/c?^^^ (4-)
4) ^ - f
itz h^T m t ^ L i t c
\ Read the following conversation aloud and practice it thoroughly.
^(D A:hLtz £ A i / c o / b 7 ^ - h ^ lt^L-ö\
•k<D A.-vNVNTtcto >z'z\z nmxi-ö\ « A 4 Vt 1.
^ ( 7 ) A : X x . r t ^tJ^'-b-tl^i^L^.
^<D A: iiJ-b^-otzh.! ^-b^ M.X6 UXhyyr - t f ^ L i L i
:é :<7) A : F ü / c o / c t . ^ ~ ~ 7 L i L J: 7 ^ * ^
^<D A : F i / c ' o / c i ; , . ^ i L j ; 7 o
9 — y— air condi t ion ing uni t f - ' — ( • date
^ i}i 9 L cancel lat ion, being called o f f
•S be ing away f r o m home
• r — h - f h g o on a date 2 0 5
/ USAGE NOTE \
In Unit 4, you studied examples of the plain style used in written documents. Here we are going
to see examples of it used in conversation.
When speaking with family members or close friends, the plain style is generally used more
often than the desu/masu style.
The plain style is often used to express intimacy, while the desu/masu style tends to create
distance between speaker and listener. Yet when speaking with colleagues in the workplace, for
example, where you have to consider human relationships in terms of both level of intimacy and
relative social position, you may use the desu/masu style to show a businesslike attitude while
occasionally slipping into the plain style to express closeness to the person you are talking to.
Keigo, or honorific language, is a means of clarifying interpersonal relationships, and we will
cover that topic in Japanese for Busy People III.
One point worth noting about the plain style is that words and phrases undergo changes in
order to make them shorter and easier to say. The commonly occurring changes include:
1. Omissions (for example, particles may be omitted)
. 2. Abbreviations (leaving kudasai off -te kudasai or -naide kudasai, using ka mo instead of ka
mo shiremasen, etc.)
3. The addition of emotive particles (including yo and naa)
4. Contractions (such as -te iru -teru, -te iku -teku, . . . to itte imashita . . tte, or
-nakereba naranai -*• -nakya naranai.)
5. Substitutions of words {desu ga da kedo)
There are many other differences between the desu/masu style and the plain style, and one
of the best ways to learn them is to develop the habit of listening carefully to conversations
among Japanese people. Listen to the following dialogue conducted in the plain style. Can you
recognize the casual forms? How would you change the dialogue to the desu/masu style? (See
p. 205 for answers.)
B i^/. V^V^;bJ:o ^'Z < ?
^ : iijti^-ofz^. 1 t)^ M.Xh uxhyyr L J ; 9 J : O
^ t ; < 4 ^ ^ ^ o / c b . ^ ^ 6 0 f-yxr ^^^t
The dialogues at right are ones you have already studied. Here, however, casual language has
been added. Study the underlined parts carefully.
9 ^ yes ( in formal f o r X X)
~ h (sentence-f inal part icle used mainly by w o m e n )
~ i b J ; (sentence-final particle combinat ion used mainly by w o m e n )
C l Unit 3, Lesson 8, Target Dialogue (p. 115):
• r j i y y : h. ^^^?
*/Clfo ! 7 4 jt 7
Arriving at the Nakajima home, Marie Martin gets into a conversation with her former host
mother
+ * : T 9 T L J : 9 O 7 ^ 1 ^ ^ < t ^ T . 7'c v M#ijlc 4'-^7^;
<DXo
-?jl9y:zziz fc^^4-ij<75 a i ^ i ^ ^ A i c ^K^tlfz.
\:rp<lZ ff < O T t o T i L/co H^<75 - f -^ ' ' t l± 7'c i> u IC lïA c
II. Unit 3, Lesson 8, Practice 2, Speaking Practice (p. 126)—at a class reunion:
i J ê •WZWZ
I f s : 2 0 ^ o ^ ' j L ^^ - vN?
t r a : 'fè/^;^^^^^.o « i s
III. Unit 4, Lesson 12, Practice 1, Speaking Practice I (p. 187)—at a barbecue party, assum
ing MrSuzuki and MrMills are friends and are about the same age: t f s
JlX-.it; ^ i o ^ l±^^ili^o ^It7'c t J:>6Uo E-Ji #:AT-To
X^f-:^i-b\
lJlX-Ai})±^. C ^ . i z ^ i l l t ^ . *it$^^~ ^vN /bb . d-°-y He
I * i here ( in formal fo r C i , t )
•- <D (sentence-f inal part icle used main ly by w o m e n )
^hb- (sentence-final part icle combinat ion used mainly by w o m e n )
' o T ( informal f o r ~ ^ )
l i X ^ ^ l c (abbr of l i / C ^ T l c )
h^)¥)Z. ( abb r .o f i U i i ^ ' i ^ 9)
207
W O R D P O W E R
Figures:
®
® 1 O
® 1 O ofë
(D'2 5%
® 5 O %
® 1 O O %
® 2^^<7) 1 ( = Vi)
® 3§<7?2 (= %) .VL
P H R A S E P O W E R '
Business expressions:
S1» ï 9 i -3 *
tii^zij
sales grow
sales collapse
stock prices rise
stock prices fall
salaries increase by 15 percent
salaries double
bonuses are cut in half (lit., "become half")
bonuses decrease by one third
bonuses increase 20 percent
business productivity increases
business productivity decreases
grades increase
grades decrease
3 1 4 ' ^ ^ t r ip le * 7 j * . i . rise, g o up \i'/CA'/L half
- f e y h percent iSi^i> f a l l , g o d o w n i'XT-Ü^ business product iv i ty
aiiZt] collapse i* 9 U J: ? salary - t f o - t f - J grade
75\j;?5^ s tockpr ices I f ^ M c -^j^-i, b e d o u b l e d
SPEAKING PRACTICE
(f ])) I. Speaking to ennployees about profits and bonuses:
C l
« : # Ij ±lf^' ^i^iz -tc -ofzh. rf^-tx li 1 0 0 % 77 y h L i -To a * l ^.);^
è t M : ; l - l T^4^ o
department manager: If sales double, we'll issue a double bonus,
employees: R-really?
department manager: If profits are half (of the target), we will cut your bonuses 100 percent,
employees: What? I can't believe . . .
II. Talking with colleagues at an ;za/caya-style tavern about the performance of one's company:
tJ^t^/LTlfzy!/' o
% t l 1 : "tiTlfzno
« 2 : ^^^^$^^± t-:^tzL ^ ^ I ' j x i i ^^^-oX-^ È i f z i o
i XI 0
employee no. 1:1 heard that we got the contract (lit., "were able to get the work") from Nozomi
Department Store. That's great, isn't it?
employee no. 2: Yes, the year before last, when we were in a slump (lit., "when productivity had
collapsed,") I was so worried, I couldn't sleep, but. . .
employee no. 1: Yes, it was like that, wasn't it?
employee no. 2: Recently our salaries have risen a little, and now . . .
employee no. 1: That's right! Well, today let's drink to that. All right, have one.
/ CULTURE NOTE \
Japanese people usually pour for one another
when they go drinking together
t/y h-fi cut
LZ'HT!)-^ tlidii can ge t w o r k , can get a contract or assignment
i j sleep
i * w e l l . . .
*(*.) wel l , in any case
one glass, one cup
2 0 9
ill 'fl II
P H R A S E P O W E I
Dreams:
®i}H-\Z -i-£h ZY.
® VN i-Tj T < f j - f ZY
® f ^ " ^ ; * 1 0 A 9± ;
Y
Y
to take a one-year vacation
to become good at dancing
to become super rich
Y to win a ¥300 million lottery
to become a painter
to get qualified as an Interpreter
to have friends all over the world
to live in the countryside
to give birth to ten children
to become president
/ U S A G E NOTE \
3 Y literally means "thing" or "matter," but when it comes after a verb or an adjective, it func
tions, like <D, as a nominalizer, turning the sentence before it into a noun phrase similar to an
infinitive beginning with "to,"
htzL My dream is to become a diplomat,
3 Y may also, depending on the sentence, translate as the -ing part of a gerund, as in "taking
in the following example,
^U<D ln>Mt L ^ L A ^ YhZYX'j-.
My hobby is taking photos.
210
the f i l thy rich
painter
interpreter
get qual i f ied
cert i f icat ion, qual i f icat ion
o-fj, '?)^ countryside, rural area
< i^ j - t live (one's life)
9 XJ give b i r th t o
/ c O ^ ? ' j J; 9 president
t})è6 dream
S P E A K I N G P R A C T I C E
I.- Talking about one's dream of becoming a dancer:
5 JlX
^ /IX
fyx-ö' Zxi-fiz -f^-^otz^. )^'ilti--ö\
7°D(7) f y ^ - i z +£M-h--,fzi^. )^ilt-f-tj
•t-iM-f/^-ofzi, O ^ i X - f n X . f>fi>/-zt,iz f y x t i^L
Mills: What is your dream?
Aiko: To become good at dancing.
Mills: What would you do if you became good at dancing?
Aiko: I'd want to become a professional dancer.
Mills: What would you do if you couldn't become a professional dancer?
Aiko: If I couldn't. . . That's a good question. I'd give dance lessons to children.
II. Talking about one's dream of becoming a painter:
^ JlX : ypèöli i^r-t^\
±<DA: i)H^\z +£h ZYT-to UL^i vt
IJIX : •óH-ri-i)\ -bHHz ^ - ^ T c b . ^X4' -ö^^ tzy^rir-ö\
•iz<OA: Mi}-\^^p 9 0 < L V N > ^ 7 l t ^ ^ ^ 7 ^ ^ $ / c V ^ T - t o - t + T ^ n ^ v N ^ A ^
tz-fii-x b^itzK^r-fno
Mills: What is your dream?
woman: To become a painter.
Mills: A painter? What kind of pictures would you want to paint if you became a painter?
woman: I'd want to paint beautiful landscapes from around the world. I'd want to visit world
heritage sites and paint (them).
Mills: Is that so? When you paint a great work, by all means please show it to me.
7°c ! professional fz"t'ilh {K2.) visit
fy-^-— dancer
- ? - 9 T " t ' ^ a t h a t t s a g o o d quest ion
. ^ 7 [-f \ > landscape 2T1
P H R A S E P O W E R — - - - ' - -
Tragedies tliat could happen to you:
An earthquake occurs when you are in the bathtub.
®y7y-fl\^^: lHolY^. i^\l^i)' •^•X\^(D\Z %,-5\^tzo
You realize your wallet is missing when you are about to pay the taxi fare.
® \h(D t r ^ ^ I C tX-otzo f i i-i-
You get lost in the mountains.
You get homesick while living abroad.
®r^<-\(n Y^£^)(D K-h' i V N | ± X ih's\\ v-t
The person in the apartment next to yours is loud night after night.
V One day your sweetheart/darling suddenly disappears.
You find out that a meteorite will come flying (toward Earth) and the world will be obliterated tomorrow.
You wake up one morning to discover you have turned into a insect.
ati ( R 2 ) occur
tax i fare
not ice
ge t lost
get homesick
one day
a certain . . .
sweetheart , darl ing
suddenly
disappear (of an imate object)
(R2)
iJL
meteori te
Earth
,be destroyed
one morn ing
insect
SPEAKING PRACTICE
Talking about what to do in the event of an earthquake . . .
1)) I. while in one's office:
§^7^: at^' yri)l-f)' X - ^ T V N ^ V-b^io ( ± 4 . - ^ i i - o
Mills: What would you do if there was an earthquake while you
were in your office?
Suzuki: I'd get away from the filing cabinet with the heavy files in it.
^ 1)) II. while walking:
llffll Mm j
flUlTF Tl'lll
Mills: What would you do if there was an earthquake while you
were walking around town?
Suzuki: I'd be careful about things falling and I'd go to an open space.
Ill, on the freeway:
• f f 4 • < 4 i A
Mills: What would you do if there was an earthquake while you
were driving your car on the freeway?
Suzuki: I'd stop the car right away and gauge the situation.
( p) IV. in an elevator:
# tp^t/~tt i L . l ^ ' ^ y^ mx. i ^ i - f o -
-t-f i u ztï X ti Mills: What would you do if there was an earthquake while you
were riding in an elevator?
Suzuki: I'd press the emergency call button and wait.
:lc»j:ii|i, <r;n IttcKi, {R2) a iii (R2)
ZT^<i:'T6
ge t away f r om
fal l
be careful (of)
a t ten t ion , heed
f reeway
drive
dr iv ing
gauge the s i tuat ion
appearance, s i tuat ion
emergency call b u t t o n
push, press 213
Cl ll
H A
V-
9iL
htzL 9iL < 1.4
v ^ ^ X T t c X i - f o t L s ^ ^ ' . ^ o / c ^ , . n . X h ^ m r
O / c . # 0 (T:»
3 < ^ ^ ^ ^ K ^ ^ i t o 1 * ^ ^ < P l ( i L ^ l ^ v ^ T $ ' S 7 T ^ F - 7 ; t - -
L T T J ^ X T i^A.¥ ^ o / i b . ^ 7 1 ^ ^ * : ) i i - o J
h-f^tztz-otzi^. >^^i L i - t ^ ^ ?
V ^ 3 7 largest am oun t
7 «^-^
— H ^ U l ^ l C ^ t D i T
(R2)
seaside
all day
seashore
pu t on (music)
^ 7 L - f -5) invest
Y. 1 I investing
i ) A 4 f X ( 4 0 safe
C ^ ' i f V national bond
LAbv^- f -S t rust
7 T > ' K f und manager
^ y ^ i ^ — ^ • ' y h the Internet
' j X 7 risk
t : y X business
L $ /y funds, capital
i 7 enterprise, business
214
KANJI PRACTIC
seU
^6 —1> V '—
—i- —"77
seU
^6
/ •: ., /
up •5 *
1 ^ 1
up •5 *
T down
T
T down
T
1 r - ^
double times
'/ / a -
1 r - ^
double times h i
/ f i n 1 xg
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
ten thousand
7
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
ten thousand
m m
special
t < / ; A - 1 r special
t <
separate
U
separate
n mouth
t3 < t
X a
A O
n mouth
t3 < t
X a
A O
rain
1' ff] rain
•
3 •
3
car
Ms. Martin is experiencing computer trouble.
0 -7)19 y : ?
-7)19 y : lit L V 7 h ^
t f s
Jc J ( *
* ^ = ' ' - . p . 219
^N°y J y-f)< < 4 ' o T L i o TC A T - f o - ? i " ^ - p . 2 2 0
-tz t t i,-L
it^M- # o T < ^ T tziötz-^fzh. V T ^ ^ A I C / b ( 7 ) c ^ i L J: 7 o i
^ ^ ^ - . p . 2 2 2 *
Martin: Huh?
Suzuki: What's wrong?
Martin: When I downloaded some new software, my computer just froze up. What should I do?
Sasaki: How about waiting a little bit? It may just take time.
Martin: Okay.
Sasaki: We'll wait and see what happens, and then if it's still no good, we'll ask Shika to do some
thing about it. And more importantly, aren't you supposed to meet someone at six o'clock
at Nozomi Department Store?
Martin: Oh, no! Look at what time it is! I have only thirty minutes left.
Suzuki: It's all right. You'll make it if you hurry.
rui
H •"5
VOCABULARY
I f
so f tware just , only (particle)
d o w n l o a d no g o o d
stop w o r k i n g
(used t o indicate comple t ion, regret)
w h a t should 1 do?
tz<ni]
c^4>
call on (for help)
more than that (see Note 4 be low)
such . . . as th is
if you hurry 4' O none except fo r
• -
1. hK-o ? This is an expression of surprise that you utter almost without thinking when you encounter some
thing completely unexpected. Female speakers may use a variant form: h^-o.
"What should I do?" We use this expression to ask for advice or suggestions as to the best course of
action in a given situation.
We use this form to express a suggestion. Literally it means "What about ing?" or "Why don't you
. . . ?" l i 9 TJ''' v^v N T - f (Unit 2, Lesson 6) also expresses a suggestion, but it is much stronger.
4. ^KX 'J
You use this expression to change the subject to something that seems more important or urgent than
what you are currently talking about.
fzli means "just" or "only," as in 4^ B ( J : ) /"c I f "today only," o x { - f Z) L fz\i, "just
a little bit." We use / c i t after nouns, adverbs, adjectives, or even sentences ending in the plain form.
For example:
T
I don't have a cold. I just sneezed, that's all.
L 'b'^ always occurs with negative predicates. X L with a negative means "only" or "merely,"
emphasizing that besides X there is nothing else. The choice between L^^ ~ ' 4 ^ a n d tzli
depends on the speaker's attitude. For example, 3 0:9^ {.l°L) L-Ö^ h^) i - i f A emphasizes the
feeling of not having enough time, whereas 3 0 ^ {Zv-L) fz\i ^) ' j i " f means "I have time,
but it is only 30 minutes." Equally, 3 0 ^ ( . i X ) L S> 'J t A i L emphasizes that besides 30
minutes, there is no time (i.e., 30 minutes is short for the speaker), while 3 0 ^ Tc It T - f
implies that it takes time, but only 30 minutes.
2f8
r
' stating the Result of an Action or Event
When the tense of a sentence containing a ~ /c b clause is past, the sentence usually indicates that
the speaker has noticed sonnething new or unusual.
When I got home, the package from my mother had arrived.
When i opened up the box, there was a red scarf inside.
I Read the following pairs of sentences aloud while considering their meanings.
A) ^vf]-(n ^LLyPit: Ltzio. WS't}' ^^fz< ^ / ' J i L / c o
2 ) * . ^ ^ tti-S Y^. mt>' o > o T v N i L / c ^ ^ « | C ^^^fzh.
t i t tn T *» itz tl -o
fc'< i: J: •) * ,>. i; f,
3) m^t Xiix<7i^h ^ L J ; < I C ^^xfzhs i^^nr 2 ^ 0 iitïLX< IfT
Costruct sentences as in the example.
tt
* ' < *v> tt *
—k
Mie ÈLfzo L i o T ^ i LT^CO
|C i o package
^ ' ' ^ i f — m a s s a g e
f i < C a; 9 roof garden
^ J: 9 L J; < breakfast
J; 9 L J: < Western-style food
hL i <!, Japanese-style food
^-ti: -5(R2) get slim
•i'<D C J: she/tier, my girlfnend
LÈi close
2 1 9
IF
I
4) 10m ^<Voyr LÈLfz. ^^^KÈLfzo
5 ) H ^ i T f r ff$iL/co I : P J . 7 ; ' C O T safpai ^ ^ ^ ^ U i L / c o
(|0 '• Indicating That an Action or Event Has Been Completed
A verb in the -te form follow^ed hyL t ^ ' t t indicates that an action or event has been completed. It often expresses the speaker's regret, reluctance, or resignation.
Yesterday I wrote the entire report.
L S-A. L J: < l: We don't have time, so let's quickly have a meal and be done with it.
^ f l C fcX^TLiWilT^Co (iMPUESBEGHEr)
I ended up being late for the meeting.
L*)Xlt ht^X Li\^tL fzo
I had to go and forget the documents.
(iMPUEs REGRET)
In colloquial Japanese, - T L É 7 / T L i 9 (plain style) is often contracted to ~ 7 ^ ? / L ^ 7, i.e., -fe (fz) ^ ^ 7, (CO) ^ i : ^ 7.
Read the following conversations aloud and practice them thoroughly.
1) m •t-f ê
m^: f$n. t l ii<-^TLt^^tLfzXo ^^i-ft^/LrLfz^\ -t-f s
\lniitz\^ t ra f f i c j a m
- t fX, ] ; all
220
l l
: iz UTfC- ht # v NT L i ^<DX\ ^ 9 ^ ' ii^Zo
I Construct sentences as in tlie example,
1) It^^^"^ L; c
—1>
2 ) I tVN /bV^^ • 7 ^ I C ÜK^r^fz
3) 1 O ^ D Z^.K-^fz Lrp-,
4) y<voy<D ^Xtz
5) Llh\^-f)' +£{^£-otz
a u T ho t chocolate fc'oT < •?> leave ( some th ingsomewhere )
fe< p u t (someth ing somewhere) . l ^ t h gain w e i g h t
i M t ^ - ' * - ^ it is no g o o d . It is fo rb idden , i t w i l l no t do $ X . ' ï > ( R 2 ) vanish
av-h lunch 221
t on Making Conditional Statements
2 B # | C ^ ^ ± ^ t t S ^ l i ; f B l l C ^ V N i - f o
If we leave the office at two o'clock, we will make it (on time).
~ 7c t> is one of two forms you can use to make if-statements. ~ (if is the other A clause formed with
~ l±" express a straightforward if-then condition that is required for an event or a state to occur or come
into being. Examples of the conditional form are shown in the following table.
word aff. neg.
verb
mi at
mxii mh-^-£\imt at
verb 6 (R2)
T t B ^ j - M t ^ l f T verb
< * ^ ( f
< * ^ J . M t t L ( f
verb
L ^ x l t n i f
-/ adj. ( ± ^ < ^ / l t ^ ( f
-/ adj. X < tiimii
-na adj. amr htiii)
^L ? M ^ ' j i : ^ t t M t t L ( f •<L IJ
noun m t,i/> (mr hKii)
( ( f ) *»
fllL^^iMttLlf *J6
NOTE: YOU use tt" h for the conditional form of a -na adjective or noun. T i S ^ ( f and ^ ' ( f are found mostly in written Japanese or in very formal speech.
D Change each word to its conditional form.
m) n< - > f i i ± i f
1) fz<Di]
2 ) Ü^)h
3) Ih^h
4 ) t T <
5) iiJ\^
6) ÜtL6< ^XVN ->
7) o 7 V u N - t >
8) ^ V N / C V N
9) IfX^^^^ ^
1 0 ) HBÏH -> l : * J : 7 V
2 2 2
I Complete the dialogues as in the example.
#1) ) ^ - t i - ^
A : ^ b ^ ' S T L J: 9 ^ \
-> B : K'-^iUf. # t ^ i - f o
B : i^l^X i^iXÈ-fo
B : $ t L o i c v ^ i j i - f o
A : 9 ^ IC f B l l c ^ 7 T L J: ? ^ \ * *,
B : H l c ^ v N i - f o
f t
A : < 7 ) ^ X X f : - 7 7 7 7 l c X 'J
^ B : sX-^ T è vHNT-f J;o
^ C : .X-^ T t ovNT- f etc
A-.i^'^i/Li ^ $ ( * 9 ^ - A i c x ^ i - t f ^ 7 * \ i tLvN z 7 - ^ ( ±
mx^^' L j t 9 - f T - f J ; o
B : . X ^ T t VNVNT-f J;.
fcl?x 4 ( R 2 ) learn, memor ize - t t ^ t / fad l i t ies
- f T •& (R2) t h r o w away * * 7 f - — baseball t e a m
TJH^J/ membership dues 3—^ coach
<0 T . ^ ' 7,ff. — y 9 y y' Nozomi Exerdse Club (f ict i t ious business)
lü)
H
P H R A S E POWEf
Using computers:
U * 9 IJ i i
® ^^voyt
® yiyoyt
® /—ilt
® / - i V t
® / — i\yt
® /-iX^t
® 9—lit
© V 7 h ^
® V 7 h ^
® T - 9 t
in LA.
li VA
mm-th i<<Li
XA,
A yx h-zi-fh
i : * 9 i J i <
® 7 r ^ / U Ï ^ ^ ' M < / f f f l l t ^ ut, h
i t Iï
start up the computer
reboot the computer
shut down the computer
connect to the Internet
go to a website
receive e-mail
send e-mail
save e-mail
delete e-mail
print e-mail
attach a file to an e-mail
install software
download software
input data
select a format
open a file
get a virus
be garbled
freeze
224
s tar t up (a computer ) a t tach (a f i le)
reboot Install
L «> 7 'J J: 9 shut d o w n KtPT^) X < t i Input
connect (to) I x l ^ f o r m a t
websi te set
access sett ing(s)
C tp LLiri> receive (electronically) open (a f i le)
^ 7 LL-fi send (electronical ly) virus
save (a f i le) ge t (a virus)
delete t i : i ï i t - t ' E . become garb led
\ ^ X ^ - ^ t pr in t freeze (of computer )
S P E A K I N G P R A C T I C E
I. Consulting a colleague about a sketchy e-mail one has received:
Suzuki: A sketchy e-mail has arrived. I wonder what should I do . . .
Chandra: If you delete it immediately, it will be all right.
Suzuki: There's an attachment in it, too. (Are you sure) it will be all right?
Chandra: It will be all right as long as you don't open it.
II. Consulting a colleague about a printing problem and a garbled e-mail:
f-r s
L J: 7 o
f-1 > K -7 : {checking out the printer) XxY. X i lyii^ tc^ ^ /CT'-fo XK
till -rc T^t-rx.
m:^: XKfzLrir^\ Ètz T $ ^ / ^ a T t o
X. ^-^T^^t i)^XH\t -rc Tl^t-^oW L i L j : 7 o
Suzuki: I'm sorry for asking so many questions. I can't print. What happened?
Chandra: Let's see. Oh, there's no paper If you put (some) in, you'll be able to (print) imme
diately.
Suzuki: I put (some paper) in, but I still can't (print).
Chandra: You can't? That's strange. Oh, the settings are wrong. If you change the settings,
you'll be able to (print) immediately. I'll do it.
Suzuki: I'm sorry to always bother you.
tzlftzlf
suspicious, sketchy
a t tached f i le
repeatedly, o f ten
paper
o d d , strange
225
.UI I f !
II
S P E A K I N G P R A C T I C E
I. Locked out of one's office:
i:A A L O T M V N T < ^ T </H'^^^O l c ^ *
Martin: When I closed the door, it locked from the inside. My card key is in the room. What should
I do?
janitor: The building manager has a spare key, so please ask at the building manager's office on
the first floor and see what they say.
l) II. Having received a notice in one's mailbox that one cannot read:
lJlX:i<Di ypil/zLjlit Uitzij. Z(n -b^^-ö^ K^X^^tzLT-f.
/c<1±vNt/X<7) ^ T i - ^ o i c t o ^ < YyfK^tz
Y.i. l)VXiL-b< ^ - f / - i ' o / c A T - f e t c
^ivx: Yin-rmf vn^T-r^J^
X-Lh liXc'i XL h
r f z i i o T ^ i t J i o
Mills: When I opened my mailbox yesterday, this paper was in it. I can't read kanji. What is it?
Suzuki: Ahh, it's a notice of attempted delivery for an express package. When the package
arrived, you were not at home.
Mills: What should I do?
Suzuki: If you call this telephone number, they will bring it to you again at a time that is conve
nient for you.
I Wi j rapVf f fP ' i itih^h t he inside
i<h side
iH^i lock( in t r . )
2 2 6 7 : 7 - K + - key card
X - < T + — spare key
Ij | c ^ L - 3 bu i ld ing manager 's o f f ice
rp 0 t /X 9 I t home mai lbox, mail s lot
' - ^ 9 ^ not ice o f a t tempted delivery
III. Ordering at a conveyor-belt sushi restaurant:
an M ut
I llX: h-h- 'j i L fzo {turning toacool<) f t ^ i -ÜrAo Xh^. fm^'^ ^ L i t U
Mills: This is my first time at a conveyor-belt sushi restaurant. How does it work?
Suzuki: When a piece of sushi that you want to eat comes around, just grab it.
Mills: What should i do if a piece that I want to eat doesn't come around?
Suzuki: You don't have to take any pieces (that you don't want to eat). Is there a kind of sushi you'd
like to eat?
Mills: Yes, I'd like to eat fatty tuna.
Suzuki: In that case, just say to the restaurant staff, "Fatty tuna, please."
Mills:' 1 understand. Excuse me. Fatty tuna, please!
IV. Consulting a colleague about the troubles one has sleeping at night:
? ± I 1 41=
i-rXo ^i.t t i c ntjiti%r>fz Z Y ^ ' j i t ^ \ > t i i i ; ht:t i x
? ± I 1 -.WM' Y^idM. tLfi\At f t
ttM2 : o
employee 1: Recently I haven't been able to sleep very well,
employee 2: Is there something that's been bothering you?
employee 1: Nothing in particular; I've just been busy with work.
employee 2: It's stress. Isn't it? It would get better if you went on vacation for a change. Previously
I, too, hadn't been able to sleep, but when I went to Okinawa and did some scuba
diving, it got better.
employee 1: It would be great (lit., "There would be no problem") if I could take a vacation,
employee 2:. . .
conveyor-bel t sushi restaurant
f a t t y tuna
in tha t case
case, Instance
concern
< |c
$ . r<^T^^ i ^ ^ | :
no( th ing) in part icular
stress
f o r a change of m o o d
227
£p V. Consulting a colleague about how to become good at dancing:
-.Bift: L T <^ /c t Y: 1 T t
I I I •• 3trt i-6 Aii Uh+i: -ö^ h t^^' ^h^^'^'Y È L fz^\
tz\ 'i: X 1 osTL J; 7 ^ \
employee: I want to get good at dancing, but my body is terribly stiff. I wonder what should I do . . .
Nakamura: How about trying yoga?
employee: I've heard that people who do yoga are flexible, but would it be okay (for someone like
me, who is inflexible, to try yoga)?
Nakamura: I, too, was inflexible at first, but gradually I became flexible. If you keep up with it, little
by little you will become flexible,
employee: Well then, the next opportunity I have, I will try a yoga class.
st i f f
f lexible
S P E A K I M G P R A C T I C E
P I. A snowy morning at a train station on one's way to work:
i: J; 7 $ ^ < : ^ i ó . ^ A t hi^^-^^^'/Cr-to
Mills: Excuse me, what happened?
passenger: The trains have stopped due to the snow.
Mills: What? When, approximately, will they start moving (again)?
passenger: Well, I don't know (the answer to that question) either.
II, Asking a station employee for information:
^ulX : * )<7)7 , W l ± mitir^\
l]\yX : Zt-otz-i-Sih. 9^9 y-<D 'J (f l± Y:Z X-f-b\
I R I : i^nic h^)t^. zz\i i b u T i - T ^ ^ t . l±A/b^^^ '=hlc
i h
Mills: Umm . . . what time will the trains start moving (again)?
station employee: We, too, don't know when (the trains) will start moving (again).
Mills: This is troubling. Where is the taxi stand?
station employee: At the south exit. This is the north exit, so you'll have to go over to the other
platform.
III. Running into a colleage at a taxi stand:
$ ; b X ' : « ^ A I * i l ± J ; 7 r'e^-vNi-fo
I JCX : ivBi/Ciz ^XX l-b-'ofzX-^.
Mills: Mr Kato! Good morning. Kato: Oh, Mr Mills. Good timing. Let's go (to the office in a taxi) together Mills: It's a good thing I was able to run into you, Mr. Kato.
i : Jt 7 $ ^ <
\±Uz\^
passenger
stop
opposite side
opposite
S J: 7 bejustriglit
229
P IV. Riding in a taxi:
1 • • '
Ï S " ^ I J ^ I ^ ' >^'&<7?li -^LT-rn. ^ ^ v ^ ^ ^ ( ± - t f -^^vNt
Mills: When I woke up, it was snowing, so I was surprised.
Kato: The snowfall in April is odd, isn't it? Recently, the weather everywhere around the world has been odd, hasn't it?
Mills: That's right. Moreover, when I arrived at the station, the trains had stopped moving.
And when I got to the taxi stand, there was a long line, so I knew I wouldn't be on time for the meeting.
Kato: Because of this snow, it can't be helped. Today we'll be late.
^ L i t i ) s t range, o d d
^ i l K in add i t ion
L-h'-tzi^ ^ L - o there is no th ing y o u can do abou t it, i t cannot be helped
%Z { be ing late
AnóB t i<-:>t;u j}- l t s
i^<K6^^tlK^j:^'<or\'\'-ytX^) f : l l ± ^ < - 7 ^ ^ ^ 7 ^ -
V N T V N ^ / > o / i o IX<7) A l C F ^ O / b l ^ , . V N O f i ? < 7 i ^ ^ T ^ ^ b t l - H ^ ^
li ut i t-of-o M^'T 9 9 y - ( 0 ^ ) \ t \ z I f - O T c b . t L o < 7 ) t l - ii\^%ikj-h^
; ^ D | | ^ ^ ^ v N o L i l c 9 9 y - r ^ ^ ± i c ^ t o / c o t ' J ^ - / • c < ^
h . ^ o T v ^ / • c < 7 ) T ^ ^ 7 V - l i V N O ^ , J ; l j l ^ o < ' j I ± L O T V N / - C O
- è ^ i i c ^\^fz^ 1 O B # ^ / - £ o / c o ^ l i L o ( 7 ) K T $ * ) l i - / - c i ^ ^
%m t l ^ è i o T v ^ / - c o ^ t < ^ i - t i : ^ o )Lt^X^^fz<DX\
* , ^ < ^ T L i o / c A T - r J ^ * . ^ i o T . L o i c X o T ^ c o
Tin V * lï*-
fcX^/c(Ol± ( ï < ^ i)x^%^hP:\1fi-^fz. l i r ^ a ^ J ^ o / c o | i T
H v ^ A b . v X r A ^ P < ^ fflt^^li v N o t J ; U 2 B # f . 1 ( i : ^ < i
l i L ^ run (of car)
hK'th- apologize
VOCABULARY
[Z -O i diary
7 — T " y curtain
V N T in a hurry
l l i r l j S i
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
hurry quickly
^ 7 '^^3
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
hurry quickly
/ ' - '
iimner inside
1' iimner inside
\ 9V 'ct /f 9 \ 9V 'ct
out outer
VmiL '"•"'
iSI' —>
VmiL '"•"'
iSI'
snow
X% XL 4 —1>
X% XL 4
weather
The project team has finally achieved its sales targets. A celebration has begun, but Mr. Suzuki has not yet arrived.
C l UL-i-£ : ^ X l f o I
•^)\y9y : {cellphone rings) ^ . §kX ^ L ^ ' h Tiro 0 X ^ ^ ? 4 -r-f i -tf i i>4
•fi" 5 r> v>
mX : ^ # j T t - t C m t t o
The official party ends, and everyone heads to a karaoke bar.
f t
-p. 238 I- li- - = i:
^'X/^a^T-r/fa^o ^ yl/X~^ A(7) ifz mi fz^^-^ fz-^x^. 234
Everyone; Cheers! IVlartin: Oh, it's from Mr Suzuki. Mr Suzuki? Where are you?
Suzuki; I've arrived at the Nozomi Building, but I can't find the elevator that goes to the restau
rant.
Martin: The restaurant has its own elevator When you take the escalator up to the second floor,
it's on the right. Suzuki: Huh, which way do I go on the second floor? I can't hear well. Martin: Right. The right side.
Suzuki: The right side? I'll be right there.
Suzuki: You're going, too, aren't you, Mr Mills? To karaoke?
Mills: Umm, I'm going to take my leave here.
Suzuki: Huh? You're going home already? It's only nine o'clock. And besides, we have the day
off tomorrow.
Mills: I have a Japanese exam tomorrow, so I have to get up at six o'clock.
Suzuki; That's too bad. I wanted to hear you sing.
VOCABULARY
cheers!
Nozomi Building (f ict i t ious bui lding)
exclusive use
r ight side
~ Y_ w h e n
^ ' " o ^ ) wh ich
X X r ) h u h ? w h a t ?
- ' j . M t t L i f ^ X b t ' V N must
^ indicates that Marie has noticed something.
2. X . 2 P I (TJH N ) (D i^m ( i ' b ) T i - ^ \
Xr>, | ± o ?, and A i -tf ^ are all ways to indicate that you have not heard what the other
person has said. >C-o ^ is a casual abbreviation of h, "which of the two."
This means the same as i J l X i L t 9 ^ Y\Z h ' ) i i jf^. You add the particle
ct to ^ to mean "I assert that . . . but don't you agree?" In this case, Mr. Suzuki is strongly encourag
ing Mr Mills to go to karaoke by using J; U.
You use the past tense of the -fa/ form to talk about something you were hoping for or you wish you
could have done. For example:
I wanted to show it to you. (i.e., I wish you could have seen it.)
I " ' ' : —r::t
Speaking of Natural or Habitual Results
You use the particle Y. after a verb in the dictionary form to express the idea that when something
happens, another thing occurs as a natural or habitual result. You often use this pattern to explain how
• one can get somewhere, how machines work, and so on.
i o t c n< Y. È-to
If you go straight, there will be a station.
If you press this button, the door will open. / When you press this button, the door opens.
Note that you cannot use Y clauses when making a request or suggestion.
Z<D K T ^ ^\i6Y. 9UZ t i i b ^ i t o (NATURALRESULT)
it T
When you open this door, you can go outside.
but Z(D K T ^ ^liX. 9hlZ ^ X < f i i \ \ (REQUEST)
it T
Please open this door and go outside.
Read the following passages aloud while considering their meanings.
1) ^ t > ^ ^ % v *
mt { i - S ^ . Z j i X L ^ ' h^}t-to^<D Z i i X L t htz-oX
^ 'J i t o fA<7) \^x\t ^°- h <7) 2 Ft T t o
2) ijyy^AyO) $51* Lv^
236
i f s f y bu t t on
h'khkj'^'i^'^ g iv ing direct ions
h t z h cross
tl -y 7 ° * i ^ instant noodles
o-7c lid
*!) A noodles
X — 7 ' soup mix
-tfA line
y — Z y ramen noodles
I Construct sentences as in the example.
- > i o - t C n<Y. ±m\z if^xv-/}' * > ' j i t o Ti Vti'it'h -
1) * i c i T ^ ^ - ' j i - t o A>.;fa^< A * ' A
<-7& . T » * i
3) ] y ^ < - t U i t i T o y } ^ ^ ' t h i - t c
4) K T ^ L < ^ i - t o m^'^^" i X t t c
h mai lbox • ^ < pull
>>,j^ roof '<X<7-¥ password
èöff) ÈX r ight in f r on t o f one h^iöL screen
<— lever
Expressing Necessity
~'j.MtiH-(±" 'J i -If A expresses duty or obligation and, by extension, necessity. ~'4Mt^lf is
the conditional form ofanegative verb. You u s e ~ " ^ L M t ^ l f U É-if ^ to suggest that an action
must be taken due to circumstances beyond your own control or someone else's. For example:
l/you must pay the money today.
In addition, you often use ~ t i . M t ^ l f t i ' ' j i to make excuses for when you cannot do something, in which case it is common to add ^ T ' f or (D T.
I must go to the school to pick up (lit., "to meet") the children by ten o'clock.
'^>Z^tt: tJ^-Xlz m^-fxUKU tcht'^'(DT a^lz ^ ^ L L i t o
I must go to pick up the children, so I'll be off before you.
$ ^ tt" 'J i -tf A $ ^ h \ and $ ^ are, in descending order of formal
ity, the contracted forms of ~ ^/ I t U i -tf ^ . They are used a lot in colloquial Japanese.
1 Complete the sentences as in the example.
^ S B # i T i c \^XK mcytxUKU t t ' ' J ^ - t f ^ . i: —
1) u-oz-r
V-,: 7
2) l t ^ L . * 7 ^ 9 \ih
L i t lii; MLZLi-h
3) -h^^h
fe^;^^- ^ 'J -^xItnif; ^LZn T
4) hfz^.
5) m f é ^ ^Mt'S T A h
mz # v ^ / c b . ^ < i t i
'c IJ (R2)
hfzt
be suf f ic ient
hand over
direct ly
make a phone call
0 Complete the dialogues as in the examples.
A : t 9 ' J t ^ ^ T i - ^ \
— r "
B :
2) * L / c i t ^ C 9 L ^ / • £ X ^ 9lt-S.
^ B :
A : i fz n h ^ A T i - ^ \ ^j 9 9 B # T t J; o
B :
#J2) ^L/c<7) *^ l ± ^ < i^ih
A ' ... . Y. 1 ^ h % \ - o
" i s B : i : ^ * . *p^^ic M L L i t o
5) ^ L / c < ^ L l t A ( ^ K ^ $ J : 9 ^ t ' S
-> A : 7 'Jt'J i t o
mmsWam ' hyy'i\^ t roub le
H U'^ a cl ient, person/company w i t h w h o m one does business
-ti-iti> {R2) finish, complete
239
f f '
240
W O R D P O W E R
I. Features of a building:
(D l i ^ J i
® X n
(9) X X T ) U - ^ -
® ê*^ KT
Features of an urban landscape:
• C7 i TA ® m
® 2 t
® * Si-
L J; 9 *i/ylf///J^X./ frontentrance L J: -7 * ! ) ^ front lƒ^75^^ entrance
X —,-t;—/U elevator corridor U ii'-? KT automatte door
automatte building directory security guard crosswalk pedestrian bridge
railroad crossing avenue slope, hill
Ill: «>'"1M
PHRASE POWER ^
Moving around town:
®iKt ±6
i'Lzi za -f
cross tine street
go up tlie hill
go down the hill
go over the railroad crossing
go past the bank
SPEAKING PRACTICE
Talking on a cell phone while parked in one's car:
<•% A
m<D : ^ ^ T L ^ i: J: 9 ^ ^ ' ' ' i t o Y:zrt
ySy7°7j^~ * , ' j i t o X o T t < V * i $ I . C v ^ i t o
w r ^ f ^ v h <;)^±I : hf)^ U i L /co T l± i ' ' ^ (2
Nozomi Department Store employee: I'm in front of the building now.
Mills: The entrance to the parking garage is to the right of the front entrance. Can you see it?
Nozomi Department Store employee: Yes, I see it.
Mills: Enter from there, and when you get down to the second basement floor there will be park
ing spots for guests. Park in any space that is open.
Nozomi Department Store employee: Okay.
Mills: When you get off the elevator at the first floor, there will be a coffee shop on your right
side. I'll be sitting right as you come in.
Nozomi Department Store employee: I see. Well, I'll see you in just a moment.
^ H ' j - f i ' i (R2)
go d o w n
pass, go over
go past, go by
there
having a visitor
H'ZTt 3 — t — - > H -y 7 '
anywhere
cof fee shop
r ight there (close t o one)
later on
241
Intransitive verbs:
®
1 L \
Cooo)
® KT^"' fffl < the door opens
@ FT5^ ' F rli-5) the door doses
< 4 i l:
water comes out
the car moves
the car stops
® T A S
® TL i
® it^f)' L A ; - 9 .
0 <
hh
at
the lights come on
the lights go out
the traffic light changes
the illness gets better
the meeting begins
Transitive verbs:
® YTt mih
® YTt m^h
open the door
close the door
® 7jC^ l ü - f
1^
let out water
move the car
stop the car
i > < open fz-f let o u t
O < come on (of electr icity)
$ X (R2) g o o u t (of electr icity)
i£ a -S get bet ter (of injury, disease)
I 'II! -, iCl 'I
XL i It
® Ê ^ ^Xh
turn on the lights
turn off the lights
change the color S' lit
cure the disease
begin the meeting
Choose the appropriate verb from among the options in parentheses.
1 ) mz iL-oY. vr^'' ( ^iiir ^ i t i t )
2) t i c xhY. vr^' ( L*!)i-r L i ' j i - r )
3) XKhY. i/a,-XP ( t B i t A L i t ) u T ti
5) A^^' ii^) jzxf^ ( ^ i ' J i t ^*!)i-r- )
6) < b < ^ x ^ ^ . ( o i t i t o $ i t ) TA 4
7 ) fe75^^< tt^-?,^. ( ixt-r I t L i t ) TX 4
8) Ji^^' '&^. V N ^ T J ^ - ( 7 j ^ ; b ' J i t T j ^ ^ i t ) '
9) m ^ i f e t ; ^ . If±1 iff' ( ^ j . - * ^ L i t ^ / i ^ ' j i t )
1 0 ) 7 # i c t t ^ ^ ^ . ( féiUit lit
iè^t-r ) lit
Now study the following sentences.
1 ) zmi ! ^ 9 l ± ^ 7 ^ h T t o * , ' i ^<T
n^'^' n<Y. o $ i t c 4ic ï i XL i
2) C/KI± ^ ^ - t i r X 7 r y t - ^ - T t o
L L A T t j ) ^ ^ ^ . XTJ^' $ ; l i t o
V
3) C ^ l ± ^m-t^'li^iri-o -by h lfz B#Ffl IC i X ^ . X ^ 7 X 'j i t o t <x it>>
1) This is a security light. If something moves in the vicinity (of it), it turns on.
2) This is a "safe" fan heater In the event of an earthquake (lit., "When things shake due to an earth
quake"), the flame goes out. 3) This is an automatic rice cooker The (cook) switch activates at the time you set it for
/i^^i>{R2) change
ij.'fe'-f f ix , cure
fcAü* temperature
iïl{iiLy4 h security l ight
l i - ) l ± A cr ime prevent ion
•7^ h ' l ight
7 -J- y h — — fan heater
t * ; f t ^ ) (R2) sway, shake
V- f lame
- f v ^ | ± ^ • ^ rice cooker
-b -y Y-fi> set (a t imer)
X -f .y f - sw i tch
243
I. Leaving woric early because one's child has a fever:
\tAX •• L ; ^cAT- t ^ \
ttl : fY:tfi' n-^t tfa L/c<7?T\ (/"j; 7 ^^Aic o^T^ jTJ^ tMt / f l I f
^±1 : Z~i\^iir. L ^ . fc^ic M L L i t o
employee: Umm . . . excuse me.
Sasaki: Yes, what is it?
employee: May I go home a little early today?
Sasaki: What's wrong?
employee: My child has a fever, so I must take him to the hospital, you see.
Sasaki: I'm sorry to hear that. You should go home right away,
employee: Thank you very much. Well, I'll take my leave now.
II. Leaving work early to greet one's parents at the airport:
^ i l : ^tl. fBli l i ^VNT tJ^o
ï ; ï ^ y : ; ^ x . Af f i le # < < 7 ) T \ iJfi'Xlz ^f'J^^J.Mtaif ts: h
^J.•V^^Tto
^ ± 1 : hh. ^ 7 ^ / A T t ' ^ \ L ^ . o l t T o
employee: Oh, you're (leaving) early today. Martin: Yes, my parents are going to arrive in Narita, so I must go and get them,
employee: Oh, is that so? Well, take care.
Martin: Thank you.
^ a o ^ f i t develop a fever
o i K T ^ ^ < take (someone) somewhere
A
I. Mr. Suzuki is liaving a get-together with friends from coliege. Mr Sato is one of those friends.
III
5 / 1 5 T 8 : 4 7
3 0 53~fcXnS
i t *
üll 5 / 1 5 1 8 : 5 5
R e : 3 o a - s < n 5
5^tHS<h. Ê lJJ lzABCÖbo
é t 5
(D,
11 5 / 1 5 1 8 : 5 8
Re : 3 0 53^a<nS
OKo TMo t < h<o
t f ë
VOCABULARY
<Dlfh>{Kl) be pro longed
A B C t V l /
~ l t X ^ ( I f X ) @ (counter for buildings)
ABC Building (f ict i t ious
bui lding)
7 » I) Jt ï
cake shop
I understand
II. Mayumi Nakamura has planned a get-together with some friends this evening, but just as she is about to
leave work to meet them, she is delayed. She e-mails her friend Hiro to let her know that she will be late.
®
1 5 / 1 8 1 6 : 0 0
m ( _ _ ) m
11 5 / 1 8 1 6 : 5 0
Re : ^B^^U&XnSö^ t )
m ( .
Si? f;: ) m
? ( * - * )
tin
®
nil 5 / 1 8 1 6 : 5 5
h'yymm (^ - ^ )v
^103^
5 / 1 8 1 7 : 0 2
Re: Y^^mm ( ) V
.i; ri> b' BA
tin
h o
T ^ t L l f
Sat-chan (n ickname)
Hiro (n ickname)
do ing away w i t h , clearing up
if possible
I w o n d e r . . . (sentence-final par
t icle combinat ion)
as p lanned, as scheduled
Just as . . .
l ;>L7 ' . r> fN^ .^ m,
%o) l ' / v ' ü v ^ ^ t%(D m L : #
h
o ^ ' i c ^)-^-i 9JiTita^' r ' x i i t X 6 z:<^)z txtc^^ 3'"x
^ i - f ^ ^ ^^<o Ly^^^Azl^x Bt)^ ^ i o T v N i - T o
t t , .• ti
Answer the following questions:
1) ^]^A9)VTih ZlMzlt }Z:L^j:i,W ^ ' j i t ^ J ^
2) ^ X I C < \}^4 9lVX-ih ^)0<S6'& ^ C ^ 7 j <
4) zlMt x^-^X% ^^ti--f}\ ti
VOCABULARY
B i t
h-^^h (R2)
pu t o u t
recycling
divide, separate
gather, col lect
plastic bot t le
mi lk
car ton
can
il Xh (R2)
L E <
bot t le
burnable, can be burned
city
ward of a city
type, kind
depending on , due to , according t o
be decided, be determined
anyt ime
247
A
READING TASK 2
nko) i - / v ^ i ^ ^ m w j r
i±i: *5
h
o$'Mc I j - t^^ 7^bT$^j .HN r x i i i t ^ x ^ C~x^
Answer the following questions:
1) ^)^A9JlTi6 rX lc |± r:Lti:ij<Dt!^ h^)t'f-h\
3 ) Ij-9-^ 7 ; b T ^ tt^N r x i ± ^ X ^ o T - f T i - f ^ ^
4) r X l ± v N o T t d i - t i r i t ' J ^
VOCABULARY
B i t
W h h
^ O a6 ^ (R2)
9 IC KD 7
put out
recycling
divide, separate
gather, collect
plastic bottle
mill<
carton
can
if Ll bottle
è X. •?) (R2) burnable, can be burned
r|? city L
E vvard of a city <
L 1$ •?) V ^ type, kind
~ |C J; -:> T depending on, due to, according to
$ ^ -5) be decided, be determined
V ^ 5 T anytime
247
; 11
II
KANJI PRACTICE
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
exclusive
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
exclusive
IC tSH.
Hm F" P IC tSH.
Hm
Fr Fi= — j j -
[ - " 1 1
floor Fr Fi= — j j -
[ - " 1 1
^ ^ ^ A i u ""^j
^^^^^^^^
AS' / ^ ^ ^ A i u ""^j
^^^^^^^^
AS'
right
left
± —s-
—f
left
±
side
j r f
side f i l "
lose lose
etiquette
mi
etiquette
mi
T
A ¥ T
— > T
A ¥ T
hand
leg suffice
vti'iai
leg suffice
vti'iai
stand
14
1 ^ 1 .! _
stand
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate particle.
1) —H if. ^^yziyr i±f-t: Ifzh. S ( ) -ofi-H-ilfzo
2) ( ) (OoTvN^ YiJ'Ll/u^^ i;ifzh.Y:'jlÈiri\
5 ) 'êê:t: X K T TT^} ^^Y. ZJ-h- { ) t h i t o
choose the correct word from among the alternatives (1-4) given. The same word cannot be used
twice in the same dialogue.
1) A : ( ) Mi i n iih-otzh Y:iLt'fi)\
B : ( ) ^^kt^ K'^X -tlTTj vNt n-nit-fo ^.fzlftzlf 2.-t<" 3 . i l A. t t i
2) A : ( ) i-<^t-^/Lo tfz. t,X-oY ffx^Xi vN^NT-r^\
tit UY'ZTi 2. mz 3. fz.l'L 4 . fzt/fzIf
t <
3) A
B
A
( )/^^ZTi-f)\ X< mzXfcfj-'-ofzLTirf)^
IRTto IRic K^h/CriTo
1. i h 2. XX 3. 4 . i:
change the form of the word given in parentheses to complete the sentence in a way that makes
sense.
^) fY:i.<D 7 f7< ( ) $i Lfco (- Ui-f)
2) itvN/cV^^ ( ) Li\^tLfzo { L t - f )
3) ( ) If. Xv ito if^'T-f)
4) KT^ ( ') Y. %%f}' o^ito (*itit)
5 ) 4 0 t 1= L 'j J: 7 ^ ( ) £\1Mi tr-'J i-tfAo 'J i t) S i l t ; * ? -3<
?|J\V/ Choose the most appropriate word or phrase from among the alternatives (1-4) given.
1) / c ^ ^ t < i : T i o o : ^ R ( ) <DT\ m f i L i L / c o
I.W-yfz 2.hfz^f= 3. i l t / c A. 1 life
2) i ^ 1 X IT!/' ( ). ij-oY u-ozii-r,
I.Z.^Xfzh 2.%Kfz^ 3.(Drftzh A.-b^h-otzh Ï
1 . A L T 2.t i5T 3 . ^ i t T ^.h^'-oX
4) f T '^^•b^ ( ) w i t o
1 . ^ * ^T 2. ^ i o T 3 . S * V N T 4 . i * ^ X T
5) ^UX i f ' J^ " < ^ r / X $ i LT 'CO 4 - ^ l ± ^ ^ < D ( ) T t o
1 . 3 ivN 2 . 313 3. 3>^ 4 . 3 fë
I Fill in the blanks with the correct reading of each kanji.
1) r-FÉic X^^hY. ±m\z ^.m:^V<-9-^' * . U i t o
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2) n^'^bW hh<DX\ a^lz ^ ^ L L i t o
( ) ( ) ( )
3) x%^' J i^^-^/cts i:ji<D ^hr # o T v ^ t • t o
( ) ( ) ( )
j
} I
TRANSLATIONS OF READING TASK:
Lesson 1
The Rice Ball Project
John Mills is an employee of ABC Foods. Mr. Mills likes Japanese food very much, o~nigiri most of all.
Overseas, sushi is more famous than o-nigiri. ABC Foods has begun (lit., "created") a project to develop
o-nigiri geared toward overseas (markets). Mr Mills is the chief of the project.
Lesson 2
Mn Mills's New Computer
Mn Mills went to Akihabara last week and bought a new personal computer The computer has a large
screen, but it is lighter than his old computer Mn Mills watched DVDs on his computer over the weekend.
The colors on the computer's screen were more beautiful than those on a TV. Mn Mills went to a (DVD)
rental shop and rented a lot of DVDs.
Lesson 3
Items Left Behind in a Conference Room
Yesterday at five o'clock, Mn Mills had a meeting with Mn Takahashi of Nozomi Department Store con
cerning PR for a new product. The meeting ended at six thirty. Mn Mills went to the first floor lobby to
see his visitor off, leaving his glasses and memo book on the table in the meeting room. This morning,
he went to the meeting room to get them, but they were not there. The frames of Mn Mills's glasses are
black, lightweight plastic. His memo book is a brown leather system notebook.
Lesson 5
A Balloon Tour
I have ridden in a hot-air balloon. The summer before last, I went to Turkey with my girlfriend. In Cap
padocia we participated in a balloon toun At first it was a bit frightening. However, the views were really
spectacular I definitely want to ride (in a balloon) again somewhere.
Lesson 6
Consultation
Mn Oki:
This is Tsuchida from the sales department.
1, too, will be working in the Düsseldorf office starting next April.
I'm looking forward to it (lit., "It is a delight"), but I'm a bit worried.
255
Now I'll be preparing to move. Please tell me the various things (I should know).
Thanks in advance.
Tsuchida
RE: Consultation
Ms. Tsuchida:
Düsseldorf is a very nice place.
Getting ready to move is tough, isn't it? • There aren't many clothes or shoes in small sizes here, so you should bring them from Japan. You should
bring medicine, too, because the medicine here is a little bit strong.
It's best to rent furniture here. There are also furnished apartments.
In addition, you should study German a bit in Japan. In the beginning, I didn't understand anything at
all, so it was tough.
I'm looking forward to next April.
Oki
w ^ " " - . " . . 1 : : : . ~
Lesson 7
Ms. Sasaki's Personal History
Ms. Keiko Sasaki was born in Sapporo. When she was ten years old, she moved to Tokyo. She entered a
university in Tokyo and studied economics. She graduated from the university and joined ABC Foods.
When she was thirty-two, she got married. Two years later, she had a child. She took a half year off
both before and after her child was born, but she has otherwise continued to work the whole time (i.e.,
since joining the company). Ms. Sasaki is now manager of the sales department. She is the first female
department manager at ABC Foods.
Lesson 8
Reading Task 1
Reminiscences of a Homestay
I did a homestay in Tokyo seven years ago. I was nervously excited when I met my host family. The first
time I ate Japanese food, I thought it wasn't very tasty, but I gradually came to like it. Doing the homestay,
I made a lot of Japanese friends. When I left Japan, I promised my host family at the airport that I would
come again.
Reading Task 2
The Story of Harajuku
Harajuku is a famous fashion district of Tokyo. Its main street, Omotesando, is lined with brand-name
designer shops from all over the world ..
I have been living in Harajuku ever since I was a child. In the old days, Harajuku was a quiet residential
area, A small river flowed through it, and there was a strawberry patch in the garden of a nearby house.
There was plenty of greenery, and the air was cleaner than it is now. There were fish dealers and fruit and
vegetable dealers in the shopping area, and the neighborhood housewives shopped there. Yet at that
time, the most modern apartments in Tokyo already stood on Omotesando: the Dojunkai Apartments,
The area changed little by little. The river disappeared and became a street. The strawberry patches became
parking lots. The (number of) gardens decreased, and there came to be less greenery Boutiques and accessory
shops appeared in the shopping area, and the fish dealers and fruit and vegetable dealers disappeared. IVIany
restaurants and cafés appeared, and Harajuku became the fanciest neighborhood in Tokyo.
Omotesando Hills opened in February 2006. The Dojunkai Apartments turned into a stylish building
with a new design. Today, just as it did in the old days (lit. "Both in the old days and now"), Harajuku
symbolizes the new Tokyo.
Lesson 9
Reading Task 1
Ms. Martin's Blog
Today I participated in a civic orchestra for the first time. It's been half a year (since I last practiced), so my
fingers didn't move properly. But the practice was fun. People of all age groups and professions belong
to the orchestra. It is tough practicing from eight o'clock, after work, but one way or another I want to
continue with it.
My profile:
nickname: Marie Antoinette
age: 25 years old
birthday: September 2
blood type: AB
Reading Task 2
The Blog of an American Family
Our family came to Tokyo from the United States five years ago. Our daughter Monica has turned thir
teen. Our son Jonah has turned eleven. I will describe our life in Tokyo.
This is a photograph that my husband, Martin, took from the top of Roppongi Hills.
Cameras are Martin's hobby. He especially likes to take nighttime views of the city. He says he regrets that
he doesn't have a lot of time to take pictures.
This is our daughter Monica.
Monica likes music. This is our family coming back from after having gone out the other day. Monica
and her father are listening to music together on Monica's iPod. Monica is having her father listen to her
favorite song.
This is our son Jonah.
Jonah likes to be active. He has been taking lessons in tae kwon do since April of this year. He loves to
practice.
I'm Pamela.
My hobby is skating. I glide through the parks and neighborhoods of Tokyo on my inline skates. I began
skating after coming to Tokyo. Skating is fun and healthy. I've made a lot of friends thanks to skating. My
opportunities to speak Japanese have increased, too. I've injured myself, but I've never thought of quit
ting. I skate nearly every week. Skating has become my lifetime sport.
This is a photo taken at Christmas time. I skated with my skating club from Tokyo Station to Shibuya. Click
on the image. It will become large. I am the third from the right in the front line.
257
^ m M . .' -.- - - -
Lesson 10
Reading & Writing Task
Invitations
Invitation to play Tennis
Mr. Suzuki:
Won't you go with us on an overnight trip to play
tennis in Izu on the weekend of April 24 and 25?
Our group will include Shika and Mr Tanaka from
the systems department, and myself.
Nakamura
RE: Invitation to play tennis
Ms. Nakamura:
Thank you for the invitation. Unfortunately, I have
a training session that weekend, so I can't partici
pate. Ask me some other time.
Suzuki
Invitation to go out drinking
Mr. Kato:
Would you like to go to the new izakaya in front
of the station? How would the third week in April
be? Please let me know what day would be con
venient for you.
Hayashi
RE: Invitation to go out drinking
Mr Hayashi:
Reading Task
Impressions
I. About Opera
I received two opera tickets from a friend, so I went with my wife for the first time in a long time. My wife
likes opera, so she was very pleased, but as for myself, since I haven't seen much opera, I became sleepy.
I thought it was a very long opera.
II. About Japanese Language School
Last week I received an advertising flyer from a Japanese language school. I heard that one could visit
before applying, so I went to visit yesterday.
There were six students in the beginning class. The teacher had a skillful way of teaching and a sense
of humor After the lesson was over, I talked a little with the people in the class. I really liked the school,
so I'm thinking I'd like to apply next week.
Lesson 12
Reading Task 1
Words from a Worrywart
I watch the news before I go to bed. Recently there has been a lot of gloomy news, so I worry.
My child might get into an accident. My company might go under. My parents might become seriously
ill. A robber might come into our house. There might be an earthquake this evening.
I am worried and cannot sleep.
258
Reading Task 2
Mt. Fuji
Mt. Fuji is about 3,800 meters high and is the highest mountain in Japan. It may be the most famous
place in Japan. There are many foreigners who eagerly want to climb Mt. Fuji. Of course, Mt. Fuji is also
popular with Japanese people, and every year during the summer season about 150,000 people set
themselves the challenge of climbing it.
During the Edo Period, Mt. Fuji (lit., "various views of Mt. Fuji") became the subject of many wood
block prints. Even now, many enthusiasts try to photograph beautiful Mt. Fuji, waiting for their opportu
nity for a perfect picture. Mt. Fuji changes in beautiful ways, such as Mt. Fuji in the morning sun, Mt. Fuji
in the setting sun, Mt. Fuji covered with snow, and Mt. Fuji with interesting clouds. Mt. Fuji viewed from
a distance is certainly beautiful.
A movement started up in 1992 to make Mt. Fuji a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site. However,
that wish has not been realized yet. The reason is, regrettably, that Mt. Fuji is covered with trash.
Now people are thinking about how to take back a truly beautiful Mt. Fuji. Mt. Fuji symbolizes Japan's
environmental problems (as well as other things).
MMf'S I '
Lesson 13
If I Won 300 Million Yen
Recently the highést jackpot amounts have gotten higher and higher. I have heard that some people have
won as much as 300 million yen. What would you do if you won 300 million yen?
"If I won 300 million yen, I would first buy a car and then a small condominium by the seaside. When
work ended on Fridays, I would go to the condominium in my car right away. If the weather was nice, I
would spend the whole day on the seashore. If it rained, I would put on music in my ocean-view room
and read a book. If I had weekends like that, my everyday work might become more enjoyable."
"If I won 300.miilion yen, I would invest it. With 100 million yen, I would buy safe national bonds. I would
entrust 100 million yen to a reliable fund manager I would invest 100 million yen in a slightly risky new
business on the Internet. If stock prices rose and my capital increased, I would invest in more enterprises
of various sorts. If stock prices fell and my capital decreased, I would stop investing."
If it were you, what would you do?
Lesson 14
Mr Mills's Diary
April 6, snow
When I woke up in the morning and opened the curtains, it was snowing. Since I knew the trains might
be late due to the snow, I left the house a little earlier than usual. Today there was an important meeting
in the morning, but I thought I would be on time if I left thirty minutes early.
When I arrived at the station, lots of people were waiting for the trains. The trains were not moving.
When I asked a station staff (lit., "a person at the station"), he said he didn't know when they would
move. When I hurried to the taxi stand, Mr. Kato was in line.
I went to the office in a taxi with Mr. Kato. Since a lot of snow had fallen, the taxi went more slowly
than usual. I became worried about whether I would make it on time for the meeting.
2 5 9
When I arrived at the office, it was 10:30. When I opened the door of the conference room, the meet
ing had already started. I apologized, saying, "I'm sorry. I'm late because the trains stopped running."
Then I entered the conference room.
The only ones late were Mr Kato and myself. It was embarrassing. Afterwards, when I asked Mn
Tanaka of the systems department (how he had managed to get to work on time), he said that he had
left two hours earlier than usual and walked to the office. I was surprised.
Lesson 15
Reading Task 1
Text Messaging
I.
® 5/15 18:47
I'll be 30 minutes late
® .5/15 18:55
Re: I'll be 30 minutes late
® 5/15 18:58
Re: I'll be 30 minutes late
I'm at the Ginza subway station
right now. The meeting ran over,
so I'll be late. Please start with
out me.
Suzuki
Okay Know where the restaurant
is? When you come out of Exit 5,
the ABC Building will be on your
right. Turn the corner It is the sec
ond floor of the third building. The
first floor is a cake shop.
Sato
OK. I understand. I'll be right
there.
Suzuki
® 5/18 16:00. ..
I might be a little late
(sorry I)
® 5/18 16:50
Re: I might be a little late
(sorryl)
I can't get out of work How are things going?
(lit., "Work won't end") Satchan also said she's
due to computer trou- busy and will be late,
ble. I'll be in touch, (lit.. Shall we make it next
"I'll inform you of devel- week (instead)?
opments") Hiro
Mayumi
® 5/18 16:55 Problem solved
Everything's fine here.
Next week I have a busi
ness trip, so today would
be betten
® 5/18 17:02
Re: Problem solved
Okay then. 6:00 at the
restaurant, as planned.
Hiro
Mayumi
Reading Task 2
How to Put Out the Trash in the Town I Live in
To begin with, you must separate the trash into recyclable trash and non-recyclable trash. If you go to a
supermarket, there are places where recyclable trash is collected. Sort the trash into categories such as
clear plastic bottles, milk cartons, cans, and bottles, and discard it.
Next you must divide non-rrecyclable trash into burnable trash and unburnable trash and discard it.
Trucks from the city or ward come to collect the trash, but the day you put it out depends on what type
of trash it is. ?
How you divide the trash differs from town to town. How do you put out the trash in the town you
live in?
ANSWERS TO EXERCISES AND QUIZZES
Lesson 1
Grammar & Pattern Practice
i 1) Tc^XT^^^F^cT) fzL\:xiï/<D 7 ° H f ' y H ± jsjTj " V N ^ N T L J: 77^^o
1 1) Q
A
2) Q
A
B 1) Q
A
2) Q
A
i 1) Q /•c < ^ ^ 7-f <D
I;A 2) Q : r / H f ^ ^ v A ^ y b - v ^ ^ T A ^ Y:t,h-/]^ tz<iL v i y t
CA ex,
A:ri\y^yi-yA(D iiiii^ tzHL ^ ^ y t <D^t-r. UA
IV. • 1) tiH 2) if 3)
i 1) Q : 1 <^'^ j- T^^T m^-^^^ V N : ^ | ± X ^t ;vN Tir^\
2) Q : 1 ^ 0 0 fx^^r n^^'-o^'- v N ^ l f X fc^fc^N T - f ^ \
ftA 4 A
ttA * A
V. 1) i-^i l i v ^ T ^ i - f
261
Reading Task (translation on p. 255)
4) 5 JlXiLT-fo
Lesson 2
Grammar & Pattern Practice
I. 1)fi/L^±L\z nifz\'/CTi-^\ Y:Z^^ x^x^Tlxi^\
3) < 7 C 7 IC \ j i fz\^hX'-fi)\ TL L ^ ^ f 9iy-Y }^%h (±
^ V N T ' L J: 7 ^ \
A)hfzhlX' l-f^'fz^'t: ^ H ^ 7 ' c V ^ ^ T t ^ \ A L ^ ^ B L ^
- ^ ^ ' J T L J; 7 ^ \
II. 1 1 ) o i ; 7 ^ ( ± ^ A J ; ' J i : j : 7 - f ~T to
i 1 ) A . t r / H ± B. t f - /bJ;U L r ^ J ^ T t o
3) A - t r / H ± B^^T^/IX^) -ij—EX^^ VNVNT-TO
4) A . t x / H ± B . t T ^ y l ^ J : ' ; Xi^'iz, ^ ^ H N T t o
5) A / t r / H ± B . t ^ /bJ ; ' J f - x < y ^ ^ y ^ < ^^LfzLTto
i 1 ) A . t x ; H ± ^ 7 $ J ; 7 T VN:^ | j :X hfzhl^'Tir.
2 ) A . t r ; H ± ^ 7 ^ J : 7 T V N ^ ^ Ü X A ^ ^ ^ " i ^ U i t o
3) A . t f - / n ± ^ 7 $ j ; 7 T v N ^ i j x 7 ^ n ^ c < l : ^ < 7 ) n^K-iiL^'
4) Ad -v r /H± ^ 7 $ J : 7 T V N * , | i X <L^)t' YZ6\z * , ' j i - f o
ill. 1 ) Q : f c X ^ f A < 7 ? H<^K'ifli i^lz l t l f z ^ \ tic
A : ^ - y ^ L / X | c L i L / c o
2) Q : TJH JA(± t % J ; 7 r/'lc L i L/b5^\
A : I f o J : 7 r/-|c L i L / c o Reading Task (translation on p. 255)
2 ) ^^°yc3>T D V D ^ <^ iL /bo
2) o 7 ^ {±
3) v v è 7
4) V N i 7 ^ {±
262
4) D V D * (/c < ^ ^ ) ^^'J i L/bo
Lesson 3
Grammar & Pattern Practice
\. I 1 ) ^ ^ 7 ^ 5 ^ l ± <LtLX\ li\'XiL(n KitiihTiTo
2) zK{i v N ^ i ± X Xr\ x'i^li/C i ^ v v r t o
3) TtiLl± X4XAT\ iJlXi/Lli t/tfAT-fo LA LA
4) C:^i :p| i ^i^)9c:"<(7) ^ i ^ X T \ ^ ^ b ( ± H^^LT-fo
i 1 ) * / c b L < T ^ H v ^ T t o
2) ^ ^ I J T ^ V N T - f o f t
II. D^ - ^ ^^^^^ ' X o T v N i - f o l±v>
2) A - ^ T v N i t o
3) L J: ' Z . V N ^ ^ A o T v N j - f o
4) ^5J^ A o T ^ ^ i - Ü : ^ o
5) ^J.^^/•c7J^' o v N T v N i - f o
6 ) h^^ " o v N T v N i t o
8 ) — — - i ^ v N T v ^ i - t o
III. I 1) X^'^'t: <^IC i t o -
2) <D^{z' n i t t o
3) n<L}^it ^HNic nit-fo 0 1 ) Shall we go and eat something?
2) Next time come over to our house to visit (lit., "to play").
3) I will go to the post office to buy stamps.
4) I will go to the post office to pick up a package.
5) I will go home to get something I left behind.
Reading Task (translation on p. 255)
^) <D^^Ji-r~^<-h<D / c ^ M ± L ^ ? ^ ^ LLLX1UL<D P R i c o v N T
2) iö7!)^ni:: XioXlt h-fKtltzo
3) m >^ { i L {.fzi^Mli L) t fcX'jic \ j m t z o
4) 7 l / - A ^ ^ ' < 6 < T TJ^-SVN y'z^X^y9<n WfxX'-f o
5) ^ ^ V N 6 ( 7 ) •h-h(n v X x A T ^ J; 7 T t o
QUIZ1
IV.
V.
1) 2) T 3) J: IJ 4) IC 5) IC
1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1 5) 1
^)A^i<X 2)X'oX 3) l ± o T 4) J; < T 5 ) ^
1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 2 5) 4
2) C ^ L 16 l c ^ $
3) r r ' r• |c^ ^
Lesson 4
Grammar & Pattern Practice
I. ^)n< m^^HN
2) i < .ï^^^/VN
3) tóC tóTj^-^xo
4) l i ' i ' t litt^^^j,HN
6) *^>r^ * ^ i f ^ j , n N
7) J ; i ; J:i^xvN
8) h6
9) (7)-?) <;?b^xvN
10)^7^^-!) h-ó'^ta^^
12) ^ /1^9 ^/b^b^XVN
13) \\-tj:Ks
^A)ih i-i-s:\^
^^)hlfh hif-f£\^
16) T'S T+£\^
17) L L i^-^^/VN
18) ^ \:\1h Y ^1t^/VN
19) .^-ti:'S «^-tftL^N
2^)h'tKh h-f^^xx^
22) * ^ ^^XVN
23) - f ^ L ^HN 264
II. ^) zM-h lc (^^r<7) u-yxy^^- hhLxi-.
3)zM-h IZ:Y.(D ffric Tsjf.-y^yXr m^Lr-fo
b)ZM-i:> { i Z i \ z m ^ { i t t : t]i}^X\z niLr-fo
6 ) - $ H ^ H N L ^ T mz:\tLt tz<hLr-f.
III. 1) aPallC 2 P
2) ztPa ic 1 la LtJ>7 \ •:) L (f 7 ^ //
3) ^ w i c 3 ®
Lesson 5
Grammar & Pattern Practice
I. ^)n-otz m^^x-ö^-otz
2) hh\^tz' hh-h^-^ü-h^-^fz
3) tóvN/-c m^-fa-b^-ofz
4) t - Tc i-Zc^J.-'J^o/c
5) 5j^o7c i^h-^a-fj^-otz
6) 'J.^ O / b t ^ ' ' / ^ ^ o 7 c :
S)<7)( ïo/b (D\ï^y-l-j:i)^',tz
9)<D'otz (D^^a^-^-otz
^0)h^Lfi htim-h^-^fz
A\)lLfi It-^i-h^-ofz
12) 11-L/c XM-^Si-b^-ofz
13) vN/b \^^l-h^-=tz
\A)ifz i^ii/^-ofz
15)èJ/yc hU+iij-^'^tz
\6)i)^^)fz 7^^'jti,"^^o/-c
17) ^^^T^c ^p^^^XrJ^o/c '
\8)\lfz flW-^fz
\9)Xtz TtL-T^^o/c
20) L t ^ / c L Tc
21) l±La67c i ± L 3 Ó ^ / 7 ^ ^ o 7 ' c
22) ^/-c *ti.'75^o/c
23) L / c L ^ ^ - ^ ^ o / c
265
II.
Lesson 6
Grammar & Pattern Practice
1 ) A $ < 2)A^i< 3 ) ^ < 4 ) L-f^Mc 5 ) L^ - t i : o | c 6)\zi'K'-ö^\z an f-t
1)/-c<7)L< - f e ^ * L i t o
4 ) L J; -7- r iC 9 / c V N i t o
1 ) # v s T ^ i t 2 ) ^ 7 j a T $ i t 3 ) ^ r ( - t T $ i t 4 ) ^ o T $ i t
5 ) - t - ^ T $ i t 6 ) t i : A T $ i t
UA J:
3 ) J i L j : ^ X T Lh<XiX. r^L-f£\z mXtiio
III. 1 ) t C C7 l±X l= n-ofz ili^^ x'X'X"tXo
2 ) t < " 7 ) - K r 5 n N L ^ l c XXhltz ili-^^ v ^ v ^ T t J : o
IV. I 1) 7 i L /co / i /•£ t A A T v N i - t f ^ „
2 ) ^,7 S $ i L / c o / i / - £ I v N T v N i - t f A o
3 ) t 7 ^ i l t z . / t f - : * T v ^ i - t f ^ o
4 ) * ; 7 4 -^ i L /co / i / £ • * ' f c - ^ T v ^ i - t ^ : ^ o
5) ^.7 IhiLtLtz. / t f i ' ^ It-^aLX^^t^iL.
i 1 ) i / - c /-)l(D - s ^ L * / • £ ' L T v ^ ^ J . n ^ ^ T - r o
2 ) i /•£ L Ij i 7 * t ^ ^ T • v N^/v ^ ^ T t o
ikt-^£X' ill-ö^ V H N T t J : o
3 ) t t i f - 9 t ii< r>XX N^XV N ^ T t o
4 ) i /c' ^ i f tcT) L I * T $ T ^ N^j.n ^ ^ T - f O
QUIZ 2
1) IC 2 ) IC 3 ) IC 4 ) 5 ) t
1) 2 2 ) 3 , 4 3 ) 1 . 2
266
if III. ^) t-oX {h 2) 'Jf o /c 3) o tz 4) L ^ 5) K T
IV. 1) 2 2) 4 3) 1 4) 2 , 3
V. 1 ) \ ^ ^ | c ^ ^ A ^ H N < t U
H I T 3
Lesson 7
Grammar & Pattern Practice
I. . 1 ) W * l i l ^ h
2 ) A ° i / ( c n<
4) ^?±lc X>z>
5) BIC i j f ^
II. • 1) t t*5^^- I f - ^ o T L Z-t is
4) ^?±lc X o T
5) ^ ? i i c X o T
7 * < <
i 1 ) ' f t ^Tr )^ i ^
2) o\. N T / ^ ^ I ^
3) ':3VNT^^ic>
4) T ^ niz
t l
i l l. 1)^^~'^;<7)
2) 6ix^<D ^ $
3) ^ o v N 4) l f X $ t -5) * ,7c i /«^~ V N / C ^ ^
Reading Task (translation on p. 256)
1) ^Oix^<D )Zi U-oZLtltzo
2) i o ( f ^ | C - f ^ T v ^ i L / b o
3) IfvN -VNcT) K ^ $ J : 7 * L i L / c o
l i A K L f t
267
Lesson 8
Grammar & Pattern Practice
L 1 ^)iix^l< 2 ) v N ^ ^ < L < 3) < b < 4 ) $ ^ v M c
5)ypiiö\^iz 6) if Li K 7)ih^'\z
i D ^ i c 2 ) 1 0 ^ V N | c 3 ) l ± / b ^ i c 4 ) A ' ^ i l c
5) L ^ ^ J; 9 IC 6) (/"j; 9 $IC
2) $ IC ta Ij i L / c o t t L < t- Ij i L / c o 3) sl^ypiz -fx Ij i L / c o ^ i ; < t- ij i L / c o
II. 1) Mr. Suzuki often goes to Osaka by Shinkansen. 2) He always buys beer when he rides the Shinkansen. 3) Even yesterday he bought a beer at a kiosk before he got on the Shinkansen. 4) He dropped his beer as he boarded the Shinkansen. 5) He picked up his beer and sat in his seat. 6) He soon became thirsty for his beer. 7) He was a little worried as he opened his been 8) When he opened his beer.. . 9) He was very cold all the way to Osaka.
1 0) He had caught a cold by the time he arrived In Osaka.
IV. • 1) tj) 9 «D ^<-T A - | ± Ki'K'-fpti'itz
2) i\^h\^ ix\l^-/)^ (5 Lv^
3) ^ ^ L j : 9 7j<o|± / N ^ ^ T t r t
2) A : CA-^J; 9/•£" B : r / o j ; 9 T l± t -^^
3) A : ^ H N B : J : < t L - V N
4) A : * ) 'S B:t•v^
Reading Task 1 (translation on p. 256)
1) 7^- i l lC L i L / c o
2) KXi K + K ^ L i L / c o
3) ht^) fe^X<tnN^ t^i^^tlfzo
A.) ifz f6Y ^ < ^ < L i L / c o
Lesson 9
Grammar & Pattern Practice
1. 1 ) W i'^-otz (±11
• 2 ) * ^ X-itz
3) / ^ V r/ T 1 o 7c
II. \)hlfz(n # i f t i c x'h
2) ^ JlXi * L o -fc, J: 7 IC <
3) -7/i9 y i L ¥ B-X\Z ^f-I: U A S
4) A B C 7 - X<r) -X^^-f)^ h 6
5) Xi tlX
8)3f7't iiX.Xh
i 2 ) i c i o 7 j < Kr:<
QUIZ 3
I. 1) * 2 ) (7) 3) T 4) lc 5 ) 7JV<7)
II. 1) 2 , 3 2) 2 , 4 3 ) 2
III. 1 ) T ^ 2) J; < 3 ) * ^ 4 ) ^ f < 5)'fe'<-?>
IV. 1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 1 5) 3
V. 1 ) (± t - *pXt'(<73) ^
2) $ J:/ fa^ L J: 9 Z 7 l±^^
3) C 7 C 7 <L^)
4) ^M-ti:vN ^ $ 7 l : ^ t b
^MM
Lesson 10
Grammar & Pattern Practice
I. 1)^^é^^^' t-VNCOT\ g^; ^ V ^ i - t f ^ o
2) XÏ"^" f/" J: 9 $ ' i ' (75 T . H I c 'jf tj /c ^ ^ T t o •
3) ^A^/b ' -p /ccT^T. ^ ' ^ C l c t t t s / M t i 4 f A T L / c o
4) i b X 7 j < < 7 j < t $ t ' < 7 ? T . J :< r / y ^ ; ^ - H c # $ i t o
5) * 7 c i 7 ) ^ ^ \'fzX'<DX\ -fZl i^LTi v ^ o T t 7 ) \ f - r
6 ) -d:oA6vN7^< ;b^^t , t -VN(7)T. ^J>o<'j • r - ^ T < / - c ^ u „
7) * . ^ ^ ^ V M ± * ^ o ^ < 7 ) 7 ' c^L : J; 9 " B / C X 7 ' C < 7 ) T . V ^ . T / N ° - 7 ^ ^ - *
• 8)it,hb^li 6 B # ^ ^ f , t > < 7 ) T . J ^ ^ i c L o ^ v ^ L i t o
269
II. ^) X}hf)^-^£-^Vi # i t i 1 ' ^ \
3) Lt^) 7 ^•'7'^^' r i t ^ - h \
5) 7^7-FT- ( ± b ; i i t ^ \
6) 5B#|c fe$tKi-r^\
10) 4 0 o y - h ; u feJüfit'^^
11) 0*11(75 7 / : ^ V * 7 / c ; l i - r ' ^ \
12) - t - L ^ V * ^ t a i - r ^ \
Reading & Writing Tasi< (translation on p. 258)
sample answer:
fc^^^VN ^> 7 r^^^ i t o 4^(753 ^ @(± 0 * l C i<r> IrPT 16 IC l i A
* ' & < 7 ) T \ t 3 L v N ^ T j ^ L v N T - f o ^3B<D ;KmBli /cv ^ i : J: 7 >>T-to < ICi^ 7i< i-i t/:
Reading Task (translation on p. 258)
1) $<7)7 T t o
2) (i:yp<J: 1 <D) n.^\z m t l f z o
3) i: J: 7 t T L 7 ^ c o
Lesson 11
Grammar & Pattern Practice
I. 1 1 ) K * ^ 7 2 ) l f z i i l 3 ) t ^ i ^ f c 7 4 ) ^ T Z 7 5) * ^ C 7
6) l i / c t Z 7 7) feJ; ^ 7 S ) V N ^ r 7 9 ) ( ± t ' ^ 7 10) i ^ 7
11)L< 7 )7 ^2)h^\tn 1 3 ) f : t 7 14)^ i ^^ ;7 1 5 ) 7 ^ X i f 6 7 (0 A f t
1 6 ) . E J ; 7 1 7 ) f c $ J ; 7 l 8 ) / f e J ; 7 ^9)^^>^li 20) * J ; 7 A 111; c
21) LJ; 7
2 ) t ° T / * t " i ; p * ^ 7 ^ , ^ > o T ^ ^ i t o
3) > ^ 3 4 = > / * i ê * ^ J ^ 7 ^ , ^ ^ o T ^ ^ i t o 111; fc't
4) o i | c t È * fcX^7^ , ^>oTvN i to 114 « t
5) l i ^ < 7 ^ i c >Jt6 7 ^ ,m-^TvN i t<
6) * ^ l t o 3 ^ L J ; 7 ^ , ^ ^ o T v ^ i t o
270
II. 1 ^) z<D ^,^/•£^^l± tj-ff)-i < T
2) i(Di\t hiöT
3) ^^^^ j hi <X
4) i : L ^ < 7 ) ^a.-xt: H O T
K UA S i i 1 ) 7 / c * 9 / c 9 < 7 ) 7 ^ < i-ifC(DT
2) *>o\N<7)T\ -r<^i-t!:^/^^•
III. 1 ) * ^ I r p X 1 hh-h^ ^ni)-^ F^^^T < / - c ^ VN„
un L in
4) ' j j t 7 5 X i c ^ i - ^ / c c ^ 7 j < i : , ^ ^ ^ ^ - ' 9 ^^ ^;^x•^^lc w ^ N T - ^ i t c
5) hltz W i c ^ t ^ ^ T ^ ^ fcX;lT < / - c ^ f V N ,
Lesson 12
Grammar & Pattern Practice
6) vNo XLitaOX". .l^liL^' n.Xht)-ijlKi^/io
7) fBU Utti:(DX. it^< lihlz mKh^^i^LKt-^/Lo
8) 9 i: J: 95^ " •\±tx'(DX\ < ^ i ^ ^ " ^ A 6 b ^ t n ^/J-^; L tL i -d :^o
9 ) l f X $ l = -f£-otz(nx\ ^yij-<7) L ^ o i c d i t ^K '&T j ^^ ; L a i - t ^ - ^ o
1 0 ) * , i ' J J: 9 L ' i - ^ ^ o / c ( 7 ) T \ L I t A l c ^^T^-STJ^*, L ^ i - t i : ^ o
11. D W ^ ' ^ l f = b o / c t
2) IC^^ 'o7j< ^ ^ % N / c l ^
3) A f * ^ o ^ - j : 9 L / c i ^
4) ; ^ X ' ^ ^ - ^ < * / : i ^
5) typLXf-ö^ T ^ / c t
6) /fNT-zHc #v N / C
8) LP^) < f-:\^¥ t ^ / • c t
9) 9 ^IC J | o / : b
QUIZ 4
I. 1) i)^ 2) T 3) 4) 'J - 5) IC
II. 1 ) 4 , 1 2) 3, 2 3) 2
III. D l ^ - t i r i - f 2 ) * ^ < ^ 9 3 ) 9 ' S ^ < T 4) 5 ) t L - o / : I t *
IV. 1) 2 2) 1 3) 3 4) 3 5) 4
V. • 1 ) - ^ ^ J ; ^ < '
3)J;7VN T
Lesson 13
Grammar & Pattern Practice I. i l ) v y - > 3 y 7 j < si^XXit L / c o
3) ' j ypi-hH^^-^-f)^ sl-XXit L / c o
5) 7 j ^ v N 7 j n N ^ ^ c ; f f * -fh KA^ . l ^ X X i t l f z .
i 1.) t v ^ T è i L / c ^ o
3) S ^ T ^ i L /c^ fao
I I . 1 1) fz-b-^h < L i e ^ / - c o /c b
3) N Z < T . - K - h * t - < L /c b
4) ^ L / c 7.V¥ h-ofzh
i 1 ) ^ | 3 M ^ ^ ~ ihb--,tz^
3) * > L / c ^ ^ - ± ; > j / - i ' o / c f e
4) ^ - r / c ' o / c i ^ .
man: If you are free tomorrow, how about going on a date?
woman: Ol<ay. Where shall we go?
man: If the weather is good, let's go to the beach (lit., "the ocean"),
woman: Okay. But it might be cold.
man: If it's cold, let's have a meal at a restaurant by the sea (lit., "a restaurant where you can
see the ocean"). If it isn't cold, let's have a meal on an outdoor terrace, woman: What should we do if it rains? man: If it rains, let's see a movie.
Lesson 14
Grammar & Pattern Practice
I- H I ) When I practiced soccer, my knees began to hurt.
When I massaged them, they got better
2) When I left Tokyo it was raining, but by the time I arrived in Hakone it had become sunny.
When. I went up to the hotel's roof garden, I could see a lake and Mt. Fuji.
3) When I changed from a Western-style breakfast to a Japanese-style one, I lost two kilos in
one month.
When I put on a new suit and went out on a date (with my girlfriend), my girlfriend was overjoyed.
2) ')-t><D %-t}X(h t L M l C ^ T o / c b . L i - : , T V ^ i L/co
3) « ^U-lh. n.-^-b<T'^^"'j i L tz.
4) 1 O ^ M . N - y r / V T tti* L/cfe, o ^ ^ n i L/co'
5 ) l C o C 7 i T # T ff-^/cb. trpitz^'T 8H#Ffl •öH^^]tltzo
II. H 1) Suzuki: Marie, where is the hot chocolate—your gift (to us) from Paris?
Martin: We drank it all yesterday.
2) Mills: Mn Suzuki, I put the samples we were going to send to Nozomi Department Store
here, b u t . . .
Suzuki: I'm afraid I sent them this morning. Should I not have?
3) Suzuki: Mn Mills, it's late. Let's go home now.
Mills: I want to finish writing the report today, so feel free to leave ahead of me.'
4) Mills: Ms. Suzuki, how about going out for lunch?
Suzuki: Huh? You haven't eaten yet? I already ate lunch-—with Mary.
3) 1 O^n? >^^-^T L i v N i L/co
A)^<yoy(D -f-ft)^ iXXLt^'tltzo
III. 1 1) fz<Diö{I 2) U ^l±* 3 ) L b - t l : t l | f 4) t -5 T < itll
5) iiJ\iiHt 6) Hi. 16 (tali tH£'7)it)' XHtili
8) #v N fz liKlX 9) I f X itah (li) 10) lc ^ J; 7 l/ta fe (li)
273
i 1 ) # H L ^ < / - £ o *
2 ) £ v 1 L ' J J : ? * t T ^ l f
. 3 ) ' ? 7 75 " Z A T ^ ^ t M t t L l f
f t
5) mX^fi' l-ftc^ ( I f )
Lesson 15
Grammar & Pattern Practice
1- D "I ) Giving Directions
When you get out of the station, there will be an intersection. Cross that intersection. Walk
for about a hundred meters and there will be a white apartment building on your right. My
home is in that building on the second floor
2) The Delicious Way to Eat instant Noodles
When you open the lid there will be (dry) noodles and a soup mix inside. Pour hot water
up to the line (near the lid) and close the lid. Wait three minutes and the delicious ramen
noodles will be done.
2) V^X'i'OXJi t B ' B ^ . g<7) •^K^'zill/Lr * > ' j i t o
ct, r *i tl 3) U ^ < - t U< f t ) ' { ± ! i t o
4) K T * kf[.b'^ i Xtto 5) , ," ;^r7_ p-^ \z,pn^) I <^6>z. f)'>!hL-h' T j ^ ^ ' j i t o
II. 1 1) V",zi-f£\iK\i t " ' j t^Lo
2) l t ^ L ^ * 7 * 9 l t t M t t L | f •^£^)t^ho •
3) r J ^ ' j ^ M t a i f t ^ ' J i - Ü : ^ o
A) bfzitalitllï t ^ ' j i - t i - A o
5) t i t * TJMttMtai f t - f j i - t i r A o
2) * L/c li/Lz n L ^ / c ^ * 1 I t ^ i t V l i : ^ ^ t ^ f e ^ n v A T t o
3) ^ L / c i T l c X-b'J^<D ^ L t i # 7 ) ^ t M t > f l l f t - f e ^ n X T t o
4) 4 ^ 0 ^ j c Z<D m i -f i - t i - ^ M f ^ l f t ^ f e t H ^ < 7 ) T .
b)hV'tz(D L\i/^(D^<Li X l i L t - l t ^K l f f£h^£^'<DX\
Practice 2 (Exercise)
1) h i t i -
2) L i U i -r 3) t t s i t
4) A $ i - f
5 ) ^ i U i t
6) f i i - t
7) i x i t
8) t!^h') t-r
9) t-fc^U i t
I 0 ) i è i U i t
i±i;
Reading Task 2 (translation on p. 260)
1 ) < h / i ^ " h/I/. i'ypllZrpjy^y^^ t / X t>^> - ^ . ' J i t o
2 ) X - / N ° - | C ^ T < ^ . ' j-y-^ ^ / U T $ - ? ) r<^* >lZ6-b'
* . ' J i t o 3 ) t ; t 'S . -iX-t-ixy ZMz ^ ^ i t T t T i t o
4 ) r^<7) L H ) | > V N | C J ; - P T l-tf'S H7j< ^ i o T v N i t o ft- i>
QUIZ 5
I. 1 ) fl' 2 ) IC 3 ) * 4 ) IC 5 ) 7^ -
II. 1 ) 3 , 2 2 ) 4 , 3 3 ) 3
III. D - ^ o T 2 ) < IX 3 ) ^ l t a A)h\i6 5 ) j t f e
IV. 1 ) 2 2 ) 1 3 ) 3 4 ) 2 5 ) 4
V. Dlc^^vN h V'fi^)b'h - t i -AJ : 9
2 ) 7 ( ^ ) * (;b-ti-) a L o H o
3 ) T ^ $ i
275
Japanese-English Glossary
Note: This list cohtains nearly all of the vocabulary introduced in the text, with page numbers given for first appear
ances. Omitted are words introduced in Book I (which can be found in the glossary of that text), idiomatic phrases,
and certain particles and proper nouns.
The following abbreviations are used as necessary:
trans. transitive (verb) R2 Regular II verb
intr intransitive (verb) suff. suffix
pref. prefix
i S ) : oh, I see, 19
TA X /t y ice hockey, 173
^) ^ J; 9 : my favorite, my
beloved, 141
S>ï5\red, 12
h-l)^^/^--h^h: rise, go up, 208'
^ I) \ \ cheerful, 41
h-h^hltn: baby, 106
*>$: fall, 118
'h i : (intr) open, 242
h < <: (intr.) open up,
become vacant, I 8 I
T^-b-y- IJ —:-accessories; 129
Ti7-bX-f-!>•: access, 224
h < If: yawn, S 9
h\ih: (trans., R2)open,224
h\ih:{Kl) deep-fry, I 8 6
h ^ V-/^ H: morning sun, 193
T ->X y h: assistant, 26
* - f It-S: (trans., R2) give to
(someone) to look after, 158 •
S )^>i ' : play, visit, 38
/c ' j : general area, 33
htzh: wiri, 2 0 4 i o : wow, 125
^)-^^.^: thick, 24
i ) 0 É .5,: (intr.) gather, 188; fei)
Ij < / - c ^ v N ; (polite form)
please gather, I 8 8
i ) o a6 ^ : (R2) gather, collect 247
i ) Y.: later, afterward, 76
* . ^ T / m T : later, 3
T K y x ^ J: 9 : address book, 10
i)CO 9 : uh, hmm . . . , 1 9
V: apartment (usually
smaller and cheaper than a v y
y 3 y or "luxury apartment"), 37
h Ifh: (R2) take (a shower), 54
iö' 'O.H V dangerous, 152
i)>> b: oil, fat, 186
i x S ó / ü : rain, 9
h>^i)^ fefen^/SS7}^"^^N:it
rains a lot, 9
it does not rain much, 9
i ) - ^ L \ V suspicious, sketchy, 225
h^O): apologize, 231
i> t 9 : wash, 6 0
i)-5)'^: a certain . . . , 212; i ) •?) i )
^ / i s •5>||: one morning, 212;
h i> U/h -5. a : one day, 2 1 2
T 7 H ? y f - y : Argentina, 7
i ) H -:3: what?,- 63
.T lyJl/^'—: allergy, 89
i ) /(/-tfX C^X) : safe, 214
^ 'J.H V: guidance, 56; i ) A
ti.'^ ^ t - S : show (someone)
around, guide, 56; (hA^tC^^U
^ : building directory, 2 4 0
V H \ T L J: 9 ^ \ would (it) be
good?, 3
\, \ \ \X"-f: never mind, 2 5 ; no
thank you, I am fine, 63
V ^X.: house, 124
V X L 1 9 ; the entire house,
throughout the house, 106
V ^i^''" <: medical science, 110 .
o < -OJ ' : some, a number of,
several, 33
<• M-f: pond, 124
V MttL'*. V it is no good, it is for
bidden, it will not do, 221
V \ JS-TJNJ . tavern, 6 0 V ^ : heritage site, 174 '^v N i; J: 7 : more than . . . , 159
( t l ' ) : mean, 41 \ ^ ^ \ \ T / & v \ T : in a hurry,
231
V - C/A <•': hurry, 167
V ^ 7c L i - t : (humble form) do,
188
V ^ /b / c <: (humble form) receive,
151
v ^ 7 c t ó ^ : ( R 2 ) stir-fry, 186
V ^ ,-C': strawberry, 129
V ^ ^ Zlifz I t : strawberry patch,
129
v ^ : ^ l c ^ Cl* 9 / " H ^ : a l l
day, 214
V ^ ^ I f : market, 56
V ^ ^ i l i X : number one,8
V \ it-oZ—il-^: one line, I 8 8
VOTJ^ sometime, 4
v\-:5 9 a@: the first
week of the month, 156
V ^ -^T4: anytime, 247
\ ^ I f v one glass, one cup, 2 0 9
V ^ -5 I f < / 1 : stay of one
night, I 6 0 •
V t : always, 58
V countryside, rural area,
2 1 0
v^ ' j . " < ti.'-i>: disappear (of ani
mate object), 2 1 2
v \ É t /"^-ó^ t : from now,
right away, 33
V ^ -5 V ^ 6: in various ways, 12; ^ ^ •?>
V 6 (fc): various, all sorts, 140
v X ^ ^ - ^ t - ? ) : print,224
-f y x h - 7 l ' - t ' S : install, 224
V X - i + $ : meteorite, 2 1 2
-i y^ — A^y h: the internet, 2 1 4
4 y y / l j i y - i f : the flu, 89
4 yyA yy^— h: in-line
•skating, 143
-f 7 b X : virus, 224
" 7 — 7 l / : wool, 39
r>x.^ h h y — — y 7 ' : weight
training, 6 6
' > i X h: waist, 41
X 7"-y- ^ h: website, 2 2 4
1 i^b^ 1: (humble form) visit, 133 1 it'l>:(R2) receive, 107 1 C i ^ - t / K / ^ ^ t : (trans.) move, 140
1 Z < <: (intr, R2) move, 141; 1 Z^T^^ii < •fii/n-h-'fi < ' J . ' -5: (R2) stop working, 218
9 -tV : thin (of cloth, paper, etc.), 24 1 fz: song, 60 7 7c 9: sing, 60 9 ^ : we/us, our company, 201;
7 *>/ l* l : the inside, 226
7 ^ i ' b ^ f / t T ^ ^ ê - ^ ^ - t f : planning meeting, isi
9 f>ii'h/'h>9h the inside, 226 9 < L V \- beautiful, 193 9 T : arm, 4i 7 T ! i 1 t v v wristwatch, 39 9 i ^ -5 /± ia '& :bebom, i07 7 seaside, 214 9 ij/4 i j : give birth to, 210 9 U * . l f / # ' J i If: sales amount, profits, 201
9 'j $ ^ : sold out, 25 9 5 V V noisy, irritating, annoying, 168
9 ^ L v happy, glad, 172 9 i l 1 - t * $ /#H^ t$ : sa l es trends, 201
9 ^ - ! . / # ^ ' Z . : ( i n t r . , R2) sell, be sold, 201
9 hi^: wow, 28 9 ^ T ^ : driving, 213; 9 ^ T / C t •?): drive, 213
j LY'T. exercise, 65; movement, 193; 9 ^ ^ ' 7 ^ - f -S : exercise, 65
JZ ^-j^^-ji. elevator
corridor, 240
X.^^i'^y.^h: English conversation, 104
X V \ J; 7: sales and marketing, 110
X. X. -P: huh?, what?, 235 X X. ^ : hmm . . . , uh . . . , 42 "X $ t fVP/IRtVl^: station build
ing (with shops and restaurants), 124
X $ É X / H I Ï : in front of the station, 160
X -p: really?, 42 hA-^A X; medium (size), 25 X t o ' : choose, 176
fev (one's own) nephew, 26 a^^ZiiC: (someone else's) nephew, 26
fev < 6: leave (something somewhere), 221
^ A )l: oil, 186
fe 9 /cXIi 9 : crosswalk, 240 fe 9 > 0 roundtrip, 176 fe^fen ^/PW a lot, many,9 fe' fe' ''Yc X — • ' : large super
market, 124 fe'fe'75^-^ i ^ : the filthy rich, 210 ^ — h -7: orchestra, 133 fefe-tfo/^Hf\s;many(of people), 193
fe'fe' h D: fatty tuna, 227 t — y'y-t^: open (of busi
ness), 129 fe^iMf^ i T : thanks (lit,
"thanks to you"), 90 fc^^MfT: thanks t o . . . , 143 fe'T^^ L V\: odd, strange, 225 ^ fe' $ ^ < 5 i : (polite form) customer, visitor, 56
a^h: (R2) get up, 60; occur, 212 fe' <: put (something somewhere), 221
fe' < C J: 9 /M.iz; roof garden, 219
fe< i j l= v ^ < / ^ i < l j | C # < : see (someone) off, 43
fe' < -S: send, 43; give (flowers), 167 fe< ^•2.:(R2) be late, 172 feltLj: 7 - * l f L J : 9 felf L j t 9 * t ^ ^ l f L j t 9 fe' C «9 » $ : floury omelet containing vegetables and meat or seafood, 74
fe ^ $ l ^ / f e ^ l c : (polite form) ahead (of), 83
fe'^f-f -> ^r- tv\ fe^r - ^ fe fe' L: (one's own) uncle, 26; fe' C
^ A : (someone else's) uncle, 26 fe' C V N 5 ^ : (someone else's) • grandfather, 26
fe L l i fe V N -> L l i fe V N
fe' L ^ < I j : talking, chatting, 61; fe'LAf.-<ij $ - f .5,.-talk,chat,61
fe' L y , ^ (vi') : stylish,, 129 feLj:9H)-*Lj;9f$ fe L 6 ^ L ^ fet: push, press, 213 fet L -> t L fe/-cVNi:ic/fe:^*|C:take carepf yourself, 83
fe' ^> C fe: collapse, 208 fe*.'S.:(R2) fail, 172; fall, 213 fe'o;i^^^f i : good-bye, 70 fe'To/^cV N To/-£v \
fe T /c'v -!>: (humble form) help, 187
fe' Y -f: drop, lose, 86 • fe' V \: the day before yesterday, 152
fe' ^ L: the year before last, 79 fe' Y t£: adult, 176 fe' ! • ' L V mild-mannered, 41 fe' ""•5 <: be surprised, 172 feti.' C: same, 25 fel=$""ij:rice ball, 13 fe' ^ Tjn V - f .1,: ask a favor of, 92 fe' If: (one's own) aunt, 26; fe If
^ ^ : (someone else's) aunt, 26 fe'lf i) ^ ^ : (someone else's) grandmother, 26
fe' / f e ' J ^ : lunch, 221 fe.^^ ^ ' ^ ' 7 : opera, I6I fe'-^^^^ 7 7
fe'li'x •5i: (R2) learn, memorize, 223
fei^LTfeiji-f/fe'#^ L T fe' IJ i - t : (humble form) I
will be waiting, I8I fefe'"^: diaper, 159 ^ihXY 7 r ^ ' v ^ i t : congratulations, 108 ,
fe' 4 V N; heavy, 24; serious, 191 • fe t V NT/-^-v \ t i j : memory, 127 fe' é 7 : think, 122 fe'f$ -> yp fe J; <': swim, 53 fe' 'J fzfz^: fold-up, folding, 40 fe' 'J i t : (humble form) be, I81 fe' -5 t / T •?) "f: withdraw (money), iss
fe*^'J/M-=biJ:the end, 156 fe'^S/|«-^9^:(intr.) end, finish, 43
fe' ^ 51': temperature, 243 - . •
277
T ^ X S : section, 70 if—f— y 9\ gardening, 27 tl—f-y: curtain, 231
credit card company, 8 6 tl—Y^—: key card, 226
tf — F "7 y : security guard, 240 tf—>ly vy F: girlfriend,79 ' -T^n \ / ~ i Ë ) : (counter) time(s),
51
TJH N; overseas, 13 N/ - fe: seashell, 139
TJH N^^'iX: seashore, 214 /)^\ N C 9 ï JX : diplomat, 110 ^ ''"v N Z < / ^ ' M l : foreign coun
try, 22; t)<\^z < l : ^ / ^ ' ^ H A :
foreigner, 22
; « H N L ^ ( 7 ) ! > ^ / ^ ? ± C O A : .
people at the office, 11
•fi^^^L X 9 : doing away with,
clearing up, 246
\ C J: 9 : gathering place, 157
fi^x N L J: < /^V'k: eating out,
6 2
TJH \ T /C - f L : conveyor-belt
sushi restaurant, 227
tfA F 7"-y guidebook, 103
jj'-v M l " ^ : development, 13
TJH \ U: membership dues, 223
TJH N ij(r>: shopping, 12
fj^x^h: conversation, 104
•fj^X'f: give back, 158 TJ^X. U / ' J f 'J: going home, 70
^ X •?>: (R2) exchange, change,
158 ; (trans.) change, 243
•ö^ü: face, 6 0
Tj fev complexion, 83
5j fe ' j : smell, fragrance, 139; •/i''
a 'J i]^ -f^: smell, be fragrant,
139
•ö^b^: painter, 210
ii^^'-f]< 7j 7}^.z,:(intr.) lock, 226 <: draw, paint, 6 4
ii^ < " o $ < 7 ) ; furnished, 93
jJ* < > iV#oP: department (in a
university), 111
jJMt^: (R2) put on (glasses), 119;
put on (music), 214; X'Lh t:
7 J M t ^ / « l t * 75^it-5,:make
a phone call, 2 3 8 "
'J^'f: number, quantity, 203
Tj -tf; cold, 83
tfV ^) y y f y F: gas station, 124
T J ^ / C / ^ : (polite form) person, 19 ^•h-'tz/^'^: (suff.) way of
ing, 161
7JVcV\:hard, 24 ; stiff, 228 75-/:-olt.|>:(R2) tidy up, 61 -h'^tzh^ó: one-way, 176 •h^% XI / ^ - S : : section chief, 151
win, 172
i)^^ TJ Ij t-?>: be disappointed,
172
tj V h - f : cut, 2 0 9
tl -y/< K + T: Cappadocia,79
7 7 -y y°tö/w: instant noodles, 2 3 6
~75^ ^ ' "9 fi^: if/whether (some
thing is the case), 165
^ - ^ ^ T j . " ( i>) : (part.) I won
der . . . , 2 4 6
•fi^-f'£L\^:sad, 172 tl t f : Canada, 3
'/i'-(D C I: she/her, my girlfriend,
2 1 9
T!? 7 X : café, 60
b'-S-ii^: stockprices,208
put on (a hat), 3 6 ; cover
(with), 193 ^ \ i X L J; 9 : hay fever, 8 9
^^<^: paper, 33; />-'^S- < 6: paper bag, 33
b^Ji^ (cO I t ) : hair, 41
b'^L: screen, 237
^b'^t L t L ^ • t i • ^ : may, might
181
~ ' 5 X : (part.) af ter . . . , 101
t i y f r : karaoke, 60
fe fz: body, 140
j ^ X T / f f i ^ : karate, 6 4
'j -5»: (R2) borrow, rent, 29
-b'-^x'-: light, lightweight,24
ti^K: he/him, my boyfriend, 108
t j \ / y 9'—: calendar, 10
•b'-h: leather, 39
•i)''h/)\\: river, 124 ~ i i ^ ' ^ 9 / ~ # i j : side, 226
7j^^9V n cute, 24
•f]'-hh: (intr.) change, 124 5^X: can, 247
•h^L-h^^h: think about, 193 •ti'^kj^ X 9 : environment, 193 ^ X l f v ^ i ^ H N / T J X I f v ^ ^ :
welcome party, 91
•b^L Z (-/£): stubborn, 41
Z 9 : sightseeing, 175
•b^/CZ L: nurse, 110 b^L^-o; observation, 140; T J X
i-o-ti>: observe, 140 ^ X - t f ^ - f •5>: get (a virus), 224
-ti'^h^ 9 : impression, I6I
•b'-hfzL (TJ-O : simple, 22 •b^L\i.\\- cheers! 235 •b^L\f^:Ao one's best, si T ^ X ' j l c ^ / ; * X l j A : build
ing manager, 26; U I- L
L ' ^ / 7 5 ^ ^ l j A L - P : building
manager's office, 226
$ / / K : tree, 124
^—d"s7l/ /—: key holder, 10
$ V -5 V V yellow, 122
$ X (R2) vanish, 221; go out
(of electricity), 242
$ \: opportunity, chance, 70
^•b^TLh: (R2) change (clothes), 60
<: planning, 110
$ $ r)) 9 : hot-air balloon, 79
$ J; 9 : enterprise, business,
214 ^ Z x ^ / H C x - S i d n t r . , R2) be able to hear, 169
$ L 'f': reporter, 108 $ / c / i h : north, 176 $ / b 7 i H \ : dirty, 124 $ -^X/C L o : smoking lounge,
138
$ X /C C J:: smoking area, 158
"^"S i / f t o <: notice, 212
$ 9 t •5>: start up (a com
puter), 224
$ l c v ^ ^ / ^ l c X-S:(R1)like,
care for, 139
$r/ 'LvN:stnct, 41
è > r X T A 7 J X l c / m ^ ^ T / C
5^^/Cl-: for a change of mood,
227
$ É : be decided, be deter
mined, 247
%ih^: (R2) decide (on), 91
^ t *>: feeling, 127
^i)<D: kimono, 21 ^\\ZA-'y K cabinet, 37 $ rj) 9 vacation, I 5 i ; $ 9
" !1 : take a vacation, 157
2 7 8
$ * 9 I f v X j : : rest area, 158 $ 7 suddenly, dramatically, 125
7 <: beef, 186 S> 7 Ic t ) 7: milk, 247 $ I* ? 'j J ; 7: salary, 208 $ J; 7 L: teacher, i i o
J: 7 -tf $ : business productivity, 208
$ J; 7 Tc'V \ siblings, brothers and sisters, 26
$ J; 7 interest, 176; $ J: 7 » i ) -Si: have an interest, 176
$ Jt { : song, piece of music, 143 * fe V X (/j,-): dislike, be sick of,
117
^ ' 'j v- t ' : Greece, 139 $ - S / * ^ : (R2) put on (clothes), 9 $ •?>: cut, chop, 186 $ ^ 3: safe, 37 $ X./ C J;: neighborhood, 129 $ ^ ü : job assignment, duties, 101; ~ $ ^ t J : on duty (in), 101
<: ward (of a city), 247 < 7 air, 124 ^ — 7—: air conditioning unit, 205 < L ^ ^ : sneeze,89 < C fe: whale, 177 < t:6/T^: go down, 241 < ^ / t ^ : mouth, 41 { '^: shoe, 9 i7 7 + —: cookie, 11 < tf: neck, 41 < i,: cloud, 124 < L V N; regrettable, 172 < fe V \- dark, 117; gloomy, i9 i < fet: live (one's life), 210 7"y X: glass, 37 < fe •?>: (trans., R2) compare, 116; ~ ^ < fe '< T: compared to . . . , 116
7 i j X -7X / - f—r^ - : Christmas party, 91
7 ij -y:7-t.?.: click, 143 9/1—y': group, club, 143 < •!> i V \ -f; wheelchair, 158 9/ly^: gourmet, 175 7 Ui^v hf7— F: credit card, 25 ~ < : (suff.) (title of courtesy used
among friends or toward people who rank beneath you), 157
Ifv management, 110 Itv Tf)^/C: police officer, 110 Itv Mf/y: experience, 133 Itv V economics, 110 l-f^'fz^'^-X:ce\\ phone case, 10
Ifv ^ ' ) : accounting, 110 {•f\^H.i: personal history, 112 y - + ^ / y - + M : cake shop,
245
^ — 7-.: case, 201 \-]-t)^: injury, 89; lt^<$ -f h: get injured, 89
lt^5: this morning, 40 I f L; t* A / T l: ^ : the last ten days of the month, i56
i t L J; 7: make-up, 105; I t L J: 1 i -f^: make up (one's
face), 105 I t - ^ X $ ¥fz: blood type, 141 lt-:> C h t ^: get married, 107 I f - 3 1 - o / ^ the end of the
month, 156 I t '^: (part.) but 141
lt^>^^" < / ! . # : visit for educational purposes, field trip, I6I
I f X $ C^i ' ) : energetic, 41 lt/C$ 7 L AJ»: researcher, 110 l fX$^ :cash , 25 l t ^ C 7: health, 86; l t ^ - 7 L LfzL: health checkup, 86
l t ^ L 7: training session, 157 lt/^^> { 5 : architect, 110 ~ l t ^ ( l f ^ ) * ! ) / ~ i t ^ ( i t x )
@ : (counter for buildings), 245
~ CX~^ I . : later, 112; l c ^ ^ r / 2 ^^1.: two years later, 112
Zx-^XJ-Y.: sweetheart, dading,212 Z2 i ya coin locker, 158 3 7 X ^ 7 ^ n ^ / Z 7 Xh^: • lecture presentation, 138 3 7 V suburbs, 27
7 <: passing an exam, 172; C ib'^i-fh: pass (an exam), 172
Zn Zn / i f t fö: senior high school, 105
^ 7 t v V perfume, 139 C 9 < ^"7 ^ : freeway, 213 C 9 o 7 $ TJX: means of transportation, 124
C 7 \th/\m-: the latter half, 156
^ 7 I Ï 7: public relations, 110 ^ 7 i j V ^^ : civil servant, 110 Z X: voice, 169 zi — i-: coach, 223 zt—h — i^B y 7 ° : coffee shop,
241
zi — y: cola, 12
<: (someone else's) family, 8
J: 7 f£\ \: (someone else's) siblings, 26
Cl < ^ V N; national bond, 214 C < ^5v^7^^^lto: international relations, 110
^ 3 T: hot chocolate, 221
r$""VNi i - : (polite form) be, exist, 159; C' 5'v N t -tf A : (humble form) it is not there, 40
C L J: 7: (black) pepper, I86 C'- t fX^H. 7 / ^ I f t : during the morning, 77
C X 7 fzL 7 fzL ^ 5p fe: here (where I am), 12; (polite) this, this one (here), 19
C*oC'7 ->"5C'7 C 51: (abstract) thing, matter, 140 Z 51 L i: fj) 7 y ^ ^ ^ t : within the year, 123
^itl6:(R2) have a child, 107
$ •?>: (R2) become pregnant, 107 CcoC'fev^: about like this, 19 C'.r; 7c L T V N i -f: I have not been staying in touch,-101
J't", zf^-. -y; (sound of cough¬ing), 83
Zt 6: have a hard time, be troubled, 169
C X : trash, 193
o S Z I . - 7 ^ - - b > : ? ' - : community center, 66
C tJ: become crowded, 12 r fe ^ < / c V \ : (honorific form) please look, I88
C'U J: 7 L ^ / r • f f i M : (someone else's) parents, 26
Z M^h: starting now, si 3 ^ : time (in a broad sense), 129 3 hx \ frightening, 79 C 9 ^ 4 : (intr, R2) break, 172
279
ay-ij-fl^y h : c o n s u l t a n t , n o
zjy-^Jl-T 'i y?': c o n s u l t i n g , 111
C h >Z/4-J^: n e x t t i m e , 38
3 /C t t ' : s u c h . . . as t h i s , 218
c o m p u t e r s c i e n c e , 110
Z ^ ^ < : e n g a g e m e n t , 107; 3 ^
< t •?>: g e t e n g a g e d , 107
^ i ) : w e l l . . . , 209
•y- — t i ' X : se rv i ce , 22
V \ : y e a r s o l d , 106
• ^ 0 $ 5 ; ' 9 - f - S : r e b o o t , 224
^5 V \ $ ^ : r ecen t l y , 3
•9- ^ 7 I j y / : c y c l i n g , 64
V \ c': t h e las t , 156
^ V N C 7 j J ^ y : l a rges t a m o u n t 214
^5v \ L J : : t h e f i r s t , 156
^ 4 X": s ize , 19
^5 s l o p e , h i l l , 240 •
i i ^ ' f : l o o k f o r , s e a r c h f o r , 40
^ -h-^tj:>^y^-/}s-t£m_- f i sh d e a l e r ,
129
^ i^^/T-li'i,: f a l l , g o d o w n , 208
a / 9 t : a h e a d , 83
^ < tX-fi-: d e l e t e , 224
i i UiL: w o r k o f a r t , I88
is ( fe: c h e r r y b l o s s o m s , 165
iS^x^; 160 i n v i t a t i o n , i 6 0
H o : , i n v i t e , 160
- y - y ? ! ? — - i f / C L t * : s o c c e r p layer ,
42
$ : j u s t n o w , o n l y a m o m e n t
a g o , 40
5:" 9 : t e a c e r e m o n y , 64
^ ^ f e : d i s h , 10
^ fevNLt* 9 / ^ * « : t h e
w e e k a f t e r n e x t , 156
5 ^5^": p a r t i c i p a t i o n , 79; ^ L^i''
•f •5 : p a r t i c i p a t e , 79
^ L ^ : p a r t i c i p a n t , 189
J: 9 : o v e r t i m e w o r k , 63;
J: 9 Ï t -?>: d o o v e r
t i m e w o r k , 63
^ ' L U L ( ' i ' ) : r e g r e t t a b l e ,
u n f o r t u n a t e , 143; ^LiiL'^'i Z K IC : r e g r e t t a b l y , 193
^ 5 ^ l i ^ X S f è : t n p l e , 208
L : c i t y , 247
— X ' y ; s e a s o n , 193
L f e : s a l t , 186
Lb^i: cert i f icat ion, qualif ica
t ion , 210; L ^ ^ < $ 51 . S : get
qual i f ied, 210
L-d^L: however, 193
L ^-^fzb^ t t n \ : there is noth ing
you can do abou t it, it cannot
be helped, 230
~ L ~ 7 j . ' V •>: none except for,
218
L $ : the four seasons,'28
L $ ^ : funds, capital , 214
L I t A : exam, test, 107; L l t ^ ^ •
9 I t : take an exam, 107
L 3 : accident, I68
6: (R2) can get wo rk , can get a
contract, 209
L Z |c i ) 7 : get into an acci
dent , 191
i : ^ ( f i t : je t lag, 89
~ L ~ L : and m o r e o v e r . . . , 165
L L ^ : earthquake, 169
v X x A T ^ J ; 9 : system note
book, 43
y X f - A Z ' / y X - f A ^ P : sys
tems d e p a r t m e n t 51
L-fiJ: sink, 139
L - t f X : nature, 174
ll t:X \ : age (in history), period, 193
L fz^: preliminary inspection, 157
L ^ < L o : f i t t ing room, 25
L o I ƒ ^ - t 6 : be realized, 193
U o ( i : actually, 83
L T ^ L ^ : bicycle, 65
i : 51""9 ~ / ê * / ~ : automat ic ,
243; i : 5 i " 9 vr/ÈmvT: automat ic door, 240
L 'J.H \ : w i th in the city, 175; L t£
V r J X 3 7 : sightseeing w i th in
the city, 175
L t ó : die, 53
L l ± fev N: p a y m e n t 25
C o X / t ^ ' ^ : oneself, 143
L i i , : (intr.) close, 219
t ^ ( ' J . ' ) : plain, subdued, 24
L ^ ^ A : civic, civil, 141
L ± j L - ^ : of f ice, 138
U Ü L J ; : of f ice, 93
~ L A p / ~ : f ± : company, 20 •
t ^ i ) : wel l t hen , in tha t case, 86
LK- t , ' ) i - ^ i : ^ ^ ^ • i s i t
n o t . . . ?, are you n o t . . . ?, 116
L ><' V X / % t M : company
employee, 13
y + y : sh i r t 37
y - i ' -y — y X : chance at
a perfect photo, 193
y + h Hy^ <y: shutt le bus, 75
L ^ L f Z': shabu-shabu, 63
y - t " 7 — : shower, 6 0
t 0 / J 1 : week , 5 i ; L 9
i - Z S l - : per week, 51
Lyp T: f ree, unrestr icted, I88
~ 1 1 * 9 / ' ^ ' t ' : (suff.) t h rough
o u t 106
L 9 L J; <: get t ing a job , 107;
Ltp j t X < " t ' ' 5 ) : g e t a job , 107
U fj) 9 Tc.W t raf f ic j a m , 220
L 1* 9 /c < : housing, 124; U 1* 9
tzi'^: residential area, 129
L * 9 ' j J; 9 • t ' i > : s h u t d o w n ,
224
L I* •(: cram school , 115
L 1* < fzx V homework , i s s
\L yp I t / C : tak ing entrance exams,
109; C * l t ^ ^ ^ $ J; 9
studying for entrance exams, 109
C I * L h t i : receive (electroni
cally),-224
L * L ^ - t ' ^ / t b i t - f ' ! . :
clock in, show up at the off ice, I 5 i
L I f o / t ü ^ : departure,
176; L f j . - ^ l f o t ' S / t b ^ t
•5>: departure, 176
C tj) IC 7 L o : nursing room,
158
L tj) o>: housewife, 129
L tj) <^: in terest hobby, -143
L t j ) ^ V N : t y p e , k ind, 247
Myp LXf: preparat ion, 56 ; U tj)
LXfi -f i> do preparat ions, 56
~ L J: 9 \: that p resen ts . . . , 28
L J; 9 -/i''-^: New Year, 122
L J: ii)'':>Zn /A^^^: ele
mentary/pr imary school, 106
U J: 9 $ *f <: passenger, 229
C J: 9 L : superior, 26
L J: 9 L ^ : t rading company, 111
U J: 9 C rt) LyX i : Ij) ^ : the
f irst ten days o f the mon th , 156
L J; 9 L J: 9 : (poli te fo rm) a
J i t t le , 40
L J: 9 ^ . - f •?>: (poli te fo rm) I
understand, I8I
L J; 7 5^ 1* 7 : shochu (clear liquor distilled most commonly from sweet potatoes, rice, or buckwheat), 74
t X 1 fi I 0 -f 6: symbolize, 129 L J: 7 X Lb^x shopping street, 124
L J: 7 UL-h^L 'J: merchandise management, 110
Lxn A6^(fX;^X: front entrance, 240
L i 7 soy sauce, I86 L J: $ tj) 7 : beginning level, I 6 I L J; < C ^ n v Z - f e ^ ^ : dinner party, 91
L J: < 51'7: dining room, cafeteria, 188
L J; L $: format, 224 L Jt -tfv N; female, woman, 112 L J: tJ) 7 : actress, 108 L Xh\\ document, 37; L J: -5 v \
vï' < h: document envelope, 39 L fe -ti: -1): inform, 91 L fe -I): (R2) investigate, look into, 54
L 'j i> -7: get to know, 108 L Ij J; 7 L o ; reference room, 138 L •?>/ó: (n.) white, 12 L : castle, 74 L ^ ~ / # j t ~ ; (pref.) new, 33 yytf'^--—l\': Singapore, 62
\LLZ 7 / A c 3 : population, 202 LL\L/A^: human resources,
110
L/CL X 1 IhAj-. new product, 33
L ^ 7 c X : checkup, 86 L ^ ^ ^ 7 J n ^ / ' | / t ^ ^ : New Year party, 91
L ^ l f V N ( ^ L - ) : worried, 93; L ^ I f v ^C 51: concern, 227; L A I f V N L J: 7 : worrywart, i 9 i
V y 7 °7 l / : simple, 24
LAfev\ - f .? , : trust, 214
ir: vinegar, I 86 yA "f: switch, 243 "f- V Wi A $ : rice cooker, 243 "f V ^ rX: considerably, 116 t 7 <: mathematics, 110 X—y;sui t , 60 X — y ' ir — X : suitcase, 37 X — 7°: soup (also refers to the
mix used to make instant noodles), 236
- ^ t $': past (the hour), 76 t$X: (R2) pass, 76 t < <: become empty, 56 ir <': right there (close to one), 241 t <'l-: right away, 213 •f < ' j H N / ^ V j . H N i f e w , not
many, little, not much, 9 X i7 I j — V: screen, 29 X' iT— h: skating, 143
C" v \ fantastic, wonderful, 201 -fz L/^ l ' -L:al i t t le, abit,79 -tz L - r ' ' ^X>L- fo : - l i t t l e by
little, 129 -f Z'-t: pass, spend (time), 140;
fe-tCX < / - c ^ V N ; (polite form) please spend time, I88
"f L: sushi, 13 -f-f'Lx^: cool, 118 ~ " f y ' : each, 11 " f o 51: the whole time, ever
(since), 104 -fx 6: (R2) throw away, 223 X h: labor strike, 204 X h UX: stress, 227 yy—7ii — F: snowboarding, 64 • t I f fe L V N: fabulous, fantastic,
spectacular, 79 X h°—^: speech, 173 X - ^ T + —: spare key, 226 X ' ^ ' f y-. Spain,7; X - ^ ^ y
C V X ^ ^ yU: Spanish, 155 -f^^: skate, glide around, 143 -fi-^6: finish, complete, 239
-f i j : be finished, 18S X ^ - i 7 - y — ^ r y : smoked salmon, 11
t 'S , (A-yy-i $) :puton(a necktie), 36
-f^-?»: sit, 36
-if: height, stature, 19 -tlrv^75^-^: life, 143 -tfv\-t/-$: grade, 208 -1+^^51: student, 161 -I+TJ - T^cTjHX-tfii^- iftvN:tall(of
person), 19 - t t ï j H N : the world, 174 - t f ; « H N V N ^ 5 A : world heritage
site, i77;-tf75HNL-ti:XvNe5A: world natural heritage site, 174
- I f ^ H N l I t j ) -jy-tf-^HNvf^iall over the world, 129
-tf $: seat, 40 ; cough, 89 -tf •?•< - f •?>: connect (to), 224 •\t-r>Xx^: setting(s), 224; -(+-:> T
V X - S : set, 224 •t -y h: combo, 92; package, 175;
-b -y h i " •S): set (a timer), 243 ^ - o t f : facilities, 223
-^r>i6\^: explanation, 85; -l+o X - S : explain, 85
- t t i V cramped, 124 -tf h: care, 140; h i -5:
take care (of), 140 ' • -i+A: line, 236 •ÜA^Lyp: player (on a Sports
team), athlete, 27 -l+A L the other day, 143 - t f A - t f v ^ / ^ i : teacher, 26 ^A.fz <: laundry, 6 1 ; - t f /^Tc <
i -f 6:do laundry, 61 - t f X l i A / - t * : the first half, i56 -drXo': all, 220 •^iCX 1 /#ffl: exclusive use, 235
7 L Li-f i>: send (electronically), 224
^ : that is right, 42 ^ itzL: consultation, 77; ^ 1 tz L-f i>: consult,77; ^ 7 tzL\z (D h: give asked-for advice, 165
farewell party, 91 1 XJ: general affairs, 110
- t o * " J ; 7:• graduate, 101; - t " ^ $X t •?>: graduate, 101
^ 3: there, 241 •f- 51/^'h: outside, i4o ^(D hY.y^<D ^t : after that,
188 •tW C 6 : at that time, 129 ^(n \f-h\\ in that case, 227 • t . ^ : (one's own) grandfather, 26 V 7 h; software, 218 ^ I Ï : (one's own) grandmother, 26 •t fe/S:sky,203 • tnT l i :we l l then, 181
^ ' i X : if so, if that is the case, 151
^ ^ 1 - : in addition, 230 • t ^ l c "t-S: I'll take that one, 19
' j : more than that, 218
281
/ x f X -y h: diet, 63
td\'r<-Ü\'/±^^: univer
sity student, 118
fzX Ni'v N; material, subject mat
ter, 193
/•£v N U ( ' i O / : ^ * i^£): impor
tant, precious, 83
tzX^i: i. -) .5^ (ic): okay, all
right, fine, 90
Tcv N L J: <: retiring, 107; fzX ^
L J; < t '5>: retire, 107
tzX 1-f è (^^0: like very much, 13
/iv N-lf-o (IJ:) : important, 173
tzx-^ï: 7 'j J: 9: president,210
fA Ly-7": diving, 64 fzx quite a bit, lie
tzX large statue of Bud
dha, 74
fzX^^L (ti): tough, rough,
hard, 62
y">> y D — K-f : download, 218
fzb-x^/^^^-.taW, high, 19; fzi--
^ F / i f t ^ : height, 193
fz-i^^ < L: lottery, 204
9 9 v — fz\V taxi fare, 212
' - / c i t : (part.)just, only,2i8
fz Li^MC: certainly, 193
/c ' - f / tB ' t : send, issue, ss; let
out, 242; put out (trash), 247;
>tao* fi-f/^-^t t B t :
develop a fever, 244 .
/c- f •I): be a help, 165
tz-fklh-.iM) visit, 211 fztzX''i: (politeform) right now,
190
tzfzi: beat, play (drums), 64
^tzf^: (suff.) (added to nouns
referring to people to create a
plural), 70
tzXt'T): building, 125
tz<nl^: delight,93
7c<75 L Ü : enjoy, 175
tz <D t]-. call on (for help), 218
tz Xftz Xf: repeatedly, often, 225
tz-<\l n tzx V all-you-can-eat, 63
;^c'<4<^:food, 13
tz i C : egg, 137
tz i I - : occasionally, 58
fz^ ('j.'): no good, 218
~ / c b: when, if, isi
tz U i : / ^ IJ -&: be sufficient, 23s
fz^ti\ someone, anyone, 4
/ y f ^ — : dancer, 211 tzAjfzL: gradually, 127
tzLll/'&Lit: rice paddy, 124
* , V N ^ {•'•£)/A^^ ('iO:small,42
^ — X'<—if—: cheeseburger, 92; i- — X^<—if— • -b -y h: cheeseburger combo, 92
f — 7 : chiefs
x.-y 9 A y: check-in, 22
f - X -y 7 " t : check, 105
f - x D : cello, 141
fhti^i: differ, 63 tj) 9 : Earth, 212
-y h : ticket (for an event), 78
^ Z <: being late, 230
7^ fe^/5C*l: father, 143
f - - \ " f y - K U X : Chinese (silk)
dress, 139
^ ^ V \ .5: brown, 43
~ ^ ^ / ' — • : arriving a t . . . ,
175
•f- U y y : challenge, 193
~ ^ ^ A: (suff.) (informal title of
courtesy used toward women
younger than oneself, or toward
children), 116
t,'^ L^r.: properly, 141
^fó^P 1 / ^ ^ : (suff.) during,
throughout, 77
•fe tj) 9 V V attention, heed, 213;
tj) 9 V X i : watch out (for),
be careful (of), 213
tj) 9 5 ' < / ' + ' # : junior high
school, 105
fe tj) 9 L: cancellation, being
called off, 205
tj) 9 L 'C' UL: parking ticket, 159
: f e t j ) 9 L f C J : 9 : parking
space/spot, 183
fe rt) 1 t y^L/'^ C tj)A;the
middle ten days of the month,
156
^. tj) 9 L J: < /S:-k: lunch, I88
fe J; 9 L: condition, 89
fe J: 9 L J: < / t t - f c : breakfast,
219
•fe J; 9 -if A: challenge, 140; fe J: 9 -tf A t •?>: test oneself against, 140
fe J: 9 51": exactly, just, 76; fe J; •7 )Z VNVN; just right, 229
~ fe J: -?*!>: district, 111
fe J: < -tf'^: directly, 238
fe fe L: advertising flyer, I61
y r — : tour, 79
-o^^ {: interpreter,210
'^ifj^n: use, 51 o -I): (R2) get tired, 70
- ^ 5 $ / . ^ : month, ss
— 3 $: with . . . , including . . . ,
93
•O^'lZ; next, 188
<: (intr) attach (to), come with
37; come on (of electricity), 242
o < X.: table, 43
o I t •?): (R2) put (sauce etc.) on
(food), dip (food) in (sauce, etc.),
187 -P C' -?: convenience, I60
-:5'5lt ' i>: (R2) continue (with), los
o-:?! ; : wrap, 19
-^tó/cv V cold,41
o J; V strong, 93
r> IJ: fishing, 27
O i H . T v ^ < / ' : > ^ T ^ T < : t a k e
(someone) somewhere, 244
~ T : (part.) because of, 10s
T i ) 1 y'ti j-è' 1: meet, encoun
ter, 140
TV X A : garden, 175
•f / y 7° U ^ : display, 25
-f—9: data, ss
•f— h: date, 205; -f — h $ "f
: go on a date, 205
T75Mt'5./tb'JMt^:(R2)go
out, set out, 143
T $ -?): (R2) get done, ss; be
built, 124; can, I5i; T $ ^ l i ' : if
possible, 246
•f 3 y F—: tae kwon do, 143
•fAf— h: dessert, 5
•f^A y: design, 129
~ T L J: -J: right? sa; ~ T L J;
-? t]^: might it be?, 33
•f"y 9: desk, 39
7-7. h: test, 153
X-ofix : help, 187
T < 6: glove, 39
T i y-tJl F71/7: Düsseldorf, 93
•f 7 y: terrace, 42
T'S>y'tb'S:(R2)come out.
89; be issued, 201; ~ l c T
-SZ—lc üii,: goto, attend,
92; appear,i8i; (TLbK)T
answer (the phone), 190
teleconference, 56 T A v A / ) S M: salesperson, clerk, 19
T A $ A: being transferred, 108
T A L J: <: changing jobs, 107; T
A L J; < t - 5 : changejobs, 107
T X 51 7 : tradition, 175
T A . i X •?>: attach (a file), 224
rLZ'VrA attached file, 225
~ 51: when, 235
~ 5H N 9: called . . . , 193
H -i U: toilet, bathroom, 159
51 9 ^ A : bankruptcy, 191; 51 9
^ A - f 6: go under, go bank
rupt, 191
51 9 L: investing, 214; 51 9 L t 6: invest, 214
51'9 LTC fe how, 193 51'9 L / c A T t r ) \ w h a t i s wrong?, 90
5 1 ' 9 - t ^ l f V N O T - t ^ \ w h a t
should I do?, 218
51'9 T fe^5$lc/5l'9^- fcjfc
i-: please go ahead, 92
51 9 fe ^ <: arrival, 176; 51 9
fe ^ { t •S»: arrive, 176
51'9 - i ' " ^ : animal, 140
51' 9 U J; 9: colleague, 26
51'9 road, 124
51 < IC: faraway, 193
^ fe U: avenue, 240
~ 51'fe' IJ: (suff.) street, avenue,
65; just as . . . , 246
51 fe' 'J - f $ X : go past, go by, 241 51 fe' : pass, go over, 241 51 \ big city, 143 51 ^ / B f : time, when, 101 RX H X t •2>: be nervously excited, 127
51 < l - Z f t l ^ ; especially, 143; 51 < IC ' i H N / ^ l c ixK^:
not(hing) in particular, 227
51<-Co (^j.O/ilf^^iJC'iO: special, 201
51~ C T!)^: somewhere, anywhere, 3
51" Z T é: anywhere, 241
51 Z 4: anywhere, nowhere, 3;
everywhere, 12
51 A: mountain climbing, 193
51' fe fe: which one (of the two),
6; 51'fe fe t : both, either, 11
51 o - t f X : suddenly, 212
51'-:> fe: (informal) which, 235
51 51' <: be delivered, 137
51'i-iJ<73 U i : / Y t i : ' ) < D A :
next-door neighbor, 26
51 .r>: fly, 204
51 É •&: stay overnight, 135
51 i -S): (intr.) stop, 229
Yy A 7': drive, 61; F 7 ^ 7 ' $
t -I): go for a drive, 61
R yy'/l: trouble, 239
51IJIC V N < / ! ; i j | c ^ t < : c o m e
and get (lit., "go to get"), 33
51 'J I- <: chicken (meat), I86
51 ' J t /$^?$ : client, 239
51 IJ t 51'-r: take back, 193
51 6: take, get, 33; take, have, 157
h 71/3: Turkey, 79
R I/——>/": training, 64
5 1 ' l i 9: thief, robber, I9i
' - ' J . X : (part.) I wish . . . ,201
i-A ^y-. nylon, 39
tcti-f: fix, cure, 243
tt' fe' •!): get better (of injury, dis
ease), 242
fc-i'^y'^: inside, middle, 78
t f '^^ 'vX-ftvvlong, 24
t l ' TJ^ C' / 1 C ' ^ : around the
middle, 156
tc-é^-fl'yi^ ~7^j.n \: not easily, 143
iib^iö: view, 79
'i';!)m.?.:(R2) flow, 129
f£ < -f: lose, 135
tt" {f£i>: disappear, 124
~ ' i ' l ' t ^ l ± ' tt' feti'v N: must, 235
tt'-tf"tt- fe ~ i i X : the reason
why is because . . . , 193
t t 'OT j^ Lv \ ; nostalgic, 101
~ t L ' 51': and so on, 175
tt ' IC^XmTi\ something, any
thing, 3
tt'>^/c: tag, 37
t t "^ : pot, 74; t t"< IJ Jt 9 'J: meal
cooked in a pot at the table, 74
tL' i i> <Dy^ t <7): perishables, 159
tc fe >5': line up, 129; fe' A'^tf (
tz (polite form) please line up, 188
tc 6: become, 70
tcL 51 viX'fsr 511)\ somehow,
one way or another, 141
t l ' /C 51' t / i , : many times, 190
~ l - : (part.) for, 11; per, 51
1^X6: (intr) cook (in Iiquid),i86
l-fe'v V smell, 187
l : ' ^ H N / ' 2 ! S : twice, si
I- <: meat, 171
|c L / f f i : west, 176
~ |c - :3 \ , NT: about, concerning,43
I--:) $ : diary,231
— 7 7 —A: nickname, 141
I- il o : package, 219
l^>PlbH i-i>/\^i-6: enterschool, 107
— =L — y: news, 60
1= « I 9 'J J : < - f •2>: input, 224
~ Ic J ; T : depending on, due
to, according to, 247
I - •&: (trans.) cook (in liquid), I86
be popular, be fashionable, 3
tó <": take off (clothes, shoes), 54
^^^ "v : wish, hope, 92
^ o * fz-t tiir
^ o ' - ^ <: sleeplessness, 89
^ I f 9: getting up late, 172; ^a(i'
iti> oversleep, 172 ^fe'v V sleepy, 89
fe' •!): sleep, 209
^•5.:(R2) go to bed, 60
U/CtzX v age group, i 4 i ; faA^v N: age, 141 •
~ W i ) 7 c IJ IC: near, in'the gen
eral area of, 33
~<7) ^ I f l C : beside, by, 159
CO fe (J 51': later on, 241
COï/i,: (R2) extend, grow, 201;
be prolonged, 245
c o i f . ? , / _ h ^ : climb, go up
(something), 65
~ W É i : just as it is/was, 125
283
(DM-'X ^/ikJ^^: drinking
party, 91
<D^i]<D: beverage, 5 <OAt/"'j.-f •?>: relax, 61
l i : tooth/teeth, 60 - I f : if, 218 I f i )V N; case, instance, 227
/<—b y Y; percent, 208
•' < — < + 3. —: barbecue, 6 I ;
y<—<^=L — 'i -f 6: have a
barbecue, 61
I f V X fë : times, double, 201
t f - 9 y ^y—. biotech
nology, 110
I f v N T A / ' ^ ; ^ : stall, kiosk 120
IfvWc tc^y\^\z T i - ^ l , : be
doubled, 208
l iv N ^ / X - ? ) : go/cort1e in, enter,
25; l i v N - ^ T v N ^ / X o T v N
•?): be in/inside, 33
l i <: wear (shoes, pants, etc.
over the feet), 9
~ ( i < / ~ l f < / ~ > 0 : (counter
for nights spent a hotel or an
inn), 160
j\9 y B y-;(sound of sneez
ing), 83 ••'
l i 3: box, 37
l i L: bridge, 124
l i i: / : i è i ' S : (intr.) begin,
151 l i L^ó/I?;*!': beginning, at first, 79 ; l i L *!) 10/^77*!) I-: to begin with, iss
l i i: T/^7;<>6 T: for the first time, 101; l i i : i 6 T < 7 ) / % < ) 6
T < 0 : first, first-time, i 4 o ; l i ' L Z Y.y^^ihX<r) Z K:
new things, 140 l i i:*:).|)/Aé*i.5:(trans., R2)
begin, start, 60 l i L-ii: run, 65; (of car), 231
ii-f-b^ L V V embarrassing, 172 y<y^y h^^-fi^-^/Cltp:
basketball player, 27 / <X it'— h: passport, 204 y<7U— F: password,237
Ufz I t : field,' patch (of land), 124 i i / i fe>: twenty years old, 118 l i ;=fe <: work, 132 ~ l i o / ~ ^ : departing . . . , 175
^<'y 9': bag,37
'^y 9: carton, 247
'^'y 'f — 'y". package, 33
l i-p L / / fe A: beep (on an
answering machine), 190
l i T ("0."): colorful, gaudy, 24
l i ^ L ' : nose, 41
l i ^L " { ^ ' f ) : runny nose, 89
l i t . ~ - t / l § - f : talk, speak, 54
l i t L ' o ^ / Ï È . ! . : cherry blossom
viewing, 91
Uicit^: leave, 127
li^vN-.fast, 20; early, 5 1 ; l i ^ < :
quickly, early; 83
l ± ^ L: grove, 124
l i fe 9: pay, 137
( i - I ) : spring, 117
y</\/Zibalcony, 37
^ < l / - x : ballet, 109
(i*t.?.:(R2) clear up, 203
''•'7 A: Hawaii, 123
I f A : night, evening, 76
''<y 9—''Vancouver, 27 l i A V V opposite, 229; It Lfz
V '••i^h: opposite side, 229
l i A J i l / ^ ^ : half a year, 112
ULZ^L/^^X. half, 208
Z A / H : day,23
U/:K: flame, 243 IJ y— Y- beach resort,
175
r / 7 i X i j / 0 ' j t ' J : d a y t r i p , i 7 5
U-é^l/M-: east, 176
U <: play (an instrument), 64;
catch (a cold), 89; pull, 237
Z/ < V v low, short, 24
Uif: beard, mustache,41
U i~": knee, 41
IZ'') ( T - f ) : it has been a
long time, 101
V- U: elbow, 41
business, 214
ULl^ X Ufz I Tf-: 9 y-. emer
gency call button, 213
y'7cVN: forehead, 41
tf-o < 'j - f •?>: be surprised, 173
U-oZ L: moving (from one
home to another), 93; U-oZ
-f: move (from one home to
another), 107
U-oï, 9 (- LO : necessary, 123
UY.tzf,/Ktz%: people, 70 U^LlfY. / k.1lY.:peop\&, 193 b"——/I/: vinyl, 39 If I 9 $: illness, disease, lie
fe <: open (a file), 224 X}hx'^: spacious,22
9: pick up, 120 Uh: bottle, 247
~ . Ï ' / ' ' - D P : department (in a company), 51
7 -f .y -> g y x IJ T: fashionable part of town, 129
7 T 'y •> 3 y bVl/: stylish building containing boutiques and other fancy shops, 129
7 r y F V 4- — •t' —: fund manager, 214
7 r y t — —: fan heater, 243 >5> 1 Ifv V landscape, 211 7— F7xT ; food fair, 77 Z^iLh: (intr., R2) increase, 124 7 t "7 — F: forward (position in a game), i l l
. I 'TJX^PT: junior staff; 26
<: clothes, 93 C: blowfish, 201
. V < h: sack, bag, 33 •) fe: notice of
attempted delivery, 226 • Z^fz: lid, 236
.i'/clc <: pork, I86 Z-fz') t:bothof them (referring to people), 27
>i'fe J; 1 /^^: department manager, 63
Z^^'h'^Xx'^: hangover,89 Z'-'-:> ' J : physics, 110 y'y- A -y 9: boutique, 129 >^51v\: wide, 24 Z^Y-h: gain weight, 221. Z^fa.: boat, 177 . ^ ' ^ / y (tl."): inconvenient, 124
$ ' J : railroad crossing, 240 >^lt^: winter, 1I8
7 -7 -f F '"K r h: trench fry, 37 7"•7^71/: Brazil, 7 7° -7y i^ 'y 9: plastic, 39 y'y y F y 3 -y 7°: store selling brand-name apparel, 129
' J : (suff.) after an interval of ...,126
7 —X-fi): freeze (of com
puter), 224
U C i ) : make a direct deposit
into a bank account, iss
fall (of rain, snow), 1S3
7 U—A: frame, 43
bath, 6o
7°c?: professional, 211
X D blog, 141
7°C7 9'y-7—; programmer, 110
7 ° D i / x 7 F: projects
7 ° D 7 A —Jk profile, 141
.rX^^: culture, 140
>rX'J''" <: literature, 110
'XV N C-o: weekday, 12
^X:oh, really? 51 h: pet 159
<'y h d<" h /b: plastic bottle, 247
"^ki — tj—: baby carnage, 158
' ^ ^ / • S P M : room, 4
-x.5>: (intr, R2) decrease, 124
^/L (tx) • strange, odd, 230
^L-é^-f i>: change, 193
L: response, answer, ss
^LY. '): box lunch, 38
9 b^ VNVN; should/should not. . . , S3
end-of-the-year party, 91
If-? l i A : crime prevention, 243; I f
oiiLyA V: security light 243
I f 9 U o : law, 110
( f fe : cheek, 41
" : ^X : bonus, 201
rf; — A -> y 9 lc ^^TJ^-S; get
homesick, 212
/ - h — A X - f / f : homestay, 101
/-f; — A ' ^ — y : website, isi
( f <: I/me (informal; used by men
and boys), 63
(f L V \ : want to have, 122
/•t^°y V 3 >: position, 111
( f L tj) 9 : recruitment, 132;
( f L I* 9 -f-?>: recruit 132
rh°X h: (public) mailbox, 237
/ t^X h 7 r 5 ' J - : host family,
127
[l^x\ thin, narrow, 24
( f - € X - f .?>: save (a file), 224
'1^' 9 button, 236
'"t;-y h thermos jug, i87
I f about (lit., "to the extent of"), 151
I Ï >Zn ^ I 9 : pedestrian bridge, 240
15 Y.L>Z\ almost 59
't°>'l/ h ifiV. Portugal, 7
I f 6 ?/".?>: (R2) be destroyed, 212
I f Afe' )Z ' j : Bon Festival dance, 74
{Ihfz'f'i: bookshelf,39
i. ( i ) ) : well, in any case, 209 '7 — 9: mark, 40
y—'T 7- A y 9\ marketing, 101 É V N ~ / ( p r e f . ) every, 62;
i o - 3 $ : every month, 62; i V \ 51 L / ^ ^ : every year, 122; i v ^ * a A / # ^ - >
É V N IJ É -f: (humble form) go,
come, 181
v r ! 7 X ^ - y K: mouse pad, 10
- i x . / - ! - : (suff.) t o . . . ,
before.. . , 76; ~ i x l c / - | f
I-: before, 33
V 9'il -y 7°: mug, 10
i It-?.: lose, 172
tZih (' iO: serious, 41; tLih i : serious-mindedness, 192
i "f: first of all, 1S8
t ia^Xh: (R2) mistake, make a
mistake about 172
•7 >y 7: McDonald's (short for v
7 K-;'--'!' F),92
V -y -9" — y ; massage, 219
t -o%f: thick, bitter green tea
used in tea ceremony, 74
y V: mat 51
" 7 — T : mania, 193
tKhi/mz^T.be on time, make i t 132
V 7 7 — : scarf, 39
i ( I f ) : eyebrow,41
i J; 9 : be at a loss, 165
thi>/^h: travel around, go
around, 65
y y y ^ yen TJXU I C A / V
yy3y<D ^ X i J A : apartment manager, 26
^X .5 . / ^X . | . : ( i n t r . , R2) be visible, can see, 165
« 'J' X: brush, 60
^ ^-b^hy-^m: right side, 235
«^CJ^HN; short 24
< fe>: road, way, 119 ^ fe i>Ati."v N; giving directions,
236
<^fel- iX 9 : get lost 212
^OTJ^-S/^-OTJ^.?,: be able to
find, 42
^ >Z I J : green, 124
Ji-^£i L: (polite from) everyone,
the others, 91
• ^ • ^ t ' - ^ / i ^ : south, 176 .
^ ^ : ear, 41
•. A • C: everyone, 85 •
fe:^-^-9: head to, 188 feTJXic v ^ < / f e ^ ^ x . l c ^ t < :
go to meet, 56
fe'TJXic ivNiJ É t : (humble
form) go to meet I81
tj-b^Xh: (R2) meet welcome, 56
ij-b^L: back in the old days, 125
^ XJ I t : (suff.) geared toward,
for, 13
fe' L: insect 212
tjkX: chest breast-41.
fe' 'J ( tc ) : impossible, 83
fe' 'J J; 9 : free, does not cost
money 159
i j ' J i i ' i : force oneself,
overdo it, 83
•i v N; (one's own) niece, 26
~<!6v N / '~ ;g : (counter for
people), 181
<>6 V N c X A : (someone else's)
niece, 26
* 6 V N L J;: place of interest, 176
y ' f y x h ' J — h main street
129 . .
y — h /I: meter, 155
y-Jl-f 6: send e-mail, 91
ió-b'^'U: glasses, 39
9 ^yzi; Mexico, 136
16 L ck-b^6: (honorificform) eat
187; iöl^-b^'-oX < / iXvN: (honorific form) please eat 187
9 y-k — iy: message, 190
i6<D tx/'S<D b r i g h t in
front of one, 237
ióL: noodles, 236
/ "yvf-y^: maintenance, 92 / yy<—: member, 132
~ t V N .5: there are also tliose
who . . . , 132
il 1 LZiJ: apply, I6 i % 9 t C: in a few minutes, 76
iiXi>:{Kl) burnable, 247
il L: if, 204
il i : i f l t - f '?>: become garbled
(of e-mail), 224
^ f y ( t t ' ) : modem, 129
ii%>A)L:o'^ course, 108 è o 51: more, 19
^•rll: model, 27 il Yl'i: go/come back, 77
il CO: (concrete) thing, 140
ii<Db^tz IJ: story, tale, 129
^ é ~ t : both . . . and . . . , 125
t ' J : forest, 124
il Ltz \ V question, 168; prob
lem, 193
^ fe ^ X ^ W M : fruit and vegetable dealer, 129
$ I* •? f- —A: baseball team,
223
^ <: (trans.) roast, I86
^ < y^: approximately, 193
^ < ^ <: appointment, promise,
77; < ^ < t-5>: promise, 108
^ I f v V city lights, 143
^ l t l > : ( i n t r , R2) roast, I86
Lv N: gentle, kind, 41
^•tfv V the wild, 174; ^-t+v ^ 5:"
9 Zy--^: wild animals, 174
^-)+.?>:(R2) get slim, 219
• ^ o 51:at last, finally, 42
•^^a: roof, 237
• ^ i / r U : mountain, 64
^ i < ? 5 l f I J / l bCOI J ' l J : moun
tain climbing, 64
^i6.|.:(R2) quit, 27
^ ' 1 . : do, 111
fe N: soft, 24; flexible, 228
yp: hot water, I86 yp 9 b^fz/y^: evening, 76 tjJ 9 L J; < yy-k.: dinner, I88 ypl Z friend, 133
yp 9 l ± A / y l ± A : dinner, 185 yp 9 V-/y H: evening sun, 139
yp 9 t / X 9 I t : home mailbox,
mail slot, 226
ypn<: last night, 122
.3- —^rT: humor, I6I
ypb'-tz: informal cotton kimono, 3
tJ) -p < IJ: slowly, leisurely, 153
yp tf: finger, 89
yp>!h: dream, 210 yp-kli: (R2) sway, shake, 243
~ =t 9 / ' ^ f f l : for use as, 19
J; X X ^ / f f l * - t .5: prepare,
get (something) ready, I8I
J; 9 L: paper, 225
J; 9 U / S f ^ : things to do,
errands, 70
J; 9 L J: <: Western-style food,
219
J; 9 -f: appearance, situation,
213; l l - t ^ Uh/li-f^ il: gauge the situation, 213
3 if: yoga, 51
Xi'^-otz^: if you would like, 165
X< i) IJ i-ti'A: not good, 83
J; T V X ' f ' ê : plan, schedule, 77;
J;TvN51-feiJ/-f:$5l"feiJ:as
planned, as scheduled, 246; X T
x^Ux l / f ^ t f X 9 : plan
ning calendar, 157
^XU: (part, comb.) right? 125
~ J ; IJ: (part.) tha'n, 6
J: i>: stop off, 60
J; i>y^: night, evening, 76
Xi>Z Z^: be pleased, be
delighted, 132
J: 6 L V N: (polite form) good, isi
J:6 L V N T X ^ \ would it be all
right?, 133
fe V N $ Af> <: having a visitor, 241
•7 h: light, 243
N | c f e / ^ H : coming to
Japan, 157
y 4 7 X rh°-'y: lifetime sport, 143
IJ Z A: divorce, 107; U Z A i " i : get divorced, 107
'J t f ^ ^ 71-: recycling, 247 iJX7:risk, 214 iJX h: list, 8
IJ 9 5 ''/ -ti"V N; foreign stu
dent, 203 IJ J; 9 N; I understand, 245
IJ J; 9 $ A: fare, 176
IJ J; 9 L A / i ^ M : (one.'s own)
parents, 26
IJ i 9 TV \ an elegant and
expensive traditional Japanese
restaurant, 201
IJ J: 9 l i 9 /^-^: both, 11
i j - 7 7 7X1--5.: relax, 75
yb—V —T: Romania, 7
il -f: being away from home, 205
it\fLX'Lh/ii-\fL% si: answering machine, 190
X-^i] : example, 5
Uy: cash register, 33
\yy— h: receipt, 159
V y h°: recipe, 27
i\--o\ line, 143
U 7 X y : lesson, 5
lever, 237
ilL> L rt) 9 : practice, 132 Uy^ 'T ! /—: rental car, 174;
vy 9 il— • 7°7 y : rental car.
option, 175
U y ^' 71/ y 3 7 7°: rental shop, 29
^ A fe <: contact, connection,
92; ^ A fe < - f .&: contact, get
in touch (with), 92
^ / C fe < ^ $: contact informa
tion, 181
.5 < feX: recording, 190; 6 < fe'
L t i : record, 190
o y T : Russia, 7
^75X : (trans.) boil, I86 ^ <: (intr) boil, I86 * 9 l t l . / ^ ' " l t ' ? > - : (R2) divide, separate, 247
hL'O; Japanese-style room, 13S hL X <.: Japanese-style food,
219
CO: thing left behind, 34 h-fH-i: (R2) forget, leave
behind, 33 htzX \ Z: Japanese drum, 64 h^zir: handover,238 I?/b .5):.cross, 236 UyfA X: one size, 2
English-Japanese Glossary
The following abbreviations are used: adj. adjective intr. intransitive (verb) n. noun trans. transitive (verb) V. verb
about: (concerning) ^ i c o v NT, 43; (lit., "to the extent of") ii 151; about like this: C CO <% o, 19
access: Ty-^Xti.iiA accessories: T 7-tr-ff" 'J —, 129 accident: L Z, ies; get into an
accident: LZ\z i , 7,191 according to: ~ l c J; o T, 247 accounting: Itv ^ i j , no actress: L J: t$ ?, 108 actually: C o l i , 33 addition, in: •?-^lc,230 address book: T F UX fe J: 7,10 adult: fe Y tc, 176 advertising flyer: fe fe L, 161 after: fe, 101; after that: -fco
i .51/^-<0 I I : , 188 age: (of person) iihiix \ 141; (in
history) F 7c'v \ 193 age group: ixLtzX \ 141 ahead (of): ^ $ Z " ^ , 83; (polite form)fe^f$lc/fe5fc|c,83
air: < 7 124
air conditioning unit: 9 — y—, 205 all: - I fXo' , 220
aliday: VNfelcfe i: 1* ^ / ^ Q X ^ ^
214 all right: /c"v C J: 7 (t,"), 90 all sorts: v X ^ X C'^"), MO
all-you-can-eat: 7c '^( i 7 tzx \ 63 allergy: T 1/71/4 "—, 89 almost: ( Ï 51/Cii", 59 always: v N-Q 58 and moreover...: ~ L ~ L, 165 and so on: tc )Z, 175
animal: 51" 7 Z'r), uo annoying: 7 -?> ^ v \ 168 answer: (n.) (reply) ^LZ,88; (v.)
(the phone) ( T X + ^ l c ) Ti-/ ( t ;M l= ) tb-S , 190
answering machine: i>-tl£/CT A ^ / ^ - f l i X « : M , 190
anyone: tzM\ 4
anything: 'i. ' Ic TJX'IHI5^", 3 anytime: v N'oTè,247 anywhere: 5l"C'i , 3 anywhere: 51"Z 4,3; 51"CTt,241 apartment: T^<— h,37; apart
ment manager: -^yy 3 ^(D 5^X9 i c A / v y v H y<D
TJX Ij A , 26
apologize: .5,231 appear: ~ l c Ti/^lz
181
appearance: X 11,213 apply: 4 7 L Z fe\ 161 appointment: < <,77 approximately: ^ < X ^ , 193 architect: I t A f e < t)\ 110 Argentina: T7H i "y7^> ; 7 arm: 7 T, 4i
arrival: 51 7 fe <, 176; arrive: 51 7 fe < -f .5,176; arriving a t . . . : ~ fe ^ < 175
ask a favor of: iSUt/^x ^-fi, 92
assistant: T v - X 7 > h,26 at first: l± Z lóyiè^^, 79 at last: ^ - ^ 51,42 athlete: -tfA L rt),27
attach: (attach to, stick to) o <, 37; (a file to an e-mail) T LZ°-f 6,224; attached file: T LZ° 7 T ^ 71/, 225
attend: ( ~ l c ) T - l . / ( ~ | c ) ^6.92
attention: fe X \ 213 aunt: (one's own) fe'lf, 26;
(someone else's) fe'lf ^ A, 26 automatic: C 5l"7 ~ / ê t ^ ~ ,
243; automatic door: U 51" 7 F T/ÈmVr, 240
avenue: (~ ) 51"fe" i j , 65,240
away from home, being: i - f , 205
baby: i ) ^ X ( f 7,106 baby carriage: tf—7(7—, 158
bag: .^ < .5,33; ^ "-y 7;" 37 balcony: y</lzizz—^ 37 ballet: 109 bankrupt, go: 51" 7 ^ /C-f i>, m;
bankruptcy: 51 7 if A, 191 b a r b e c u e : . ' a . —, 61; have
a barbecue: / :3. — $ t'S>,61
baseball team: 1* 9 f- —A, 223
basketball player: ^ <X y h /-t^-7l/-lfAL l*,27
bath: (fe')ÖX, eo bathroom: h /ƒ U, 159 be: (polite form) Z*5"v \ É -f, 159;
(humble form) ti 9 i -f, I8I beach resort: t:~—f- • ij V"— h,
175 beard: Z/'lfj4i beat: tztzi, 64 beautiful: -)':>< L v \ 193 because of: ~ T , 108 become: t£i^ 70 beef: $"i* 7 I- <, 186 beep: (on an answering machine)
l ± o LAfeX, 190 before . . . : ~ É X./~"W", 76;
~ i x l c / ~ i r i : , 3 3 begin: (trans.) lil^iöi/'kè^
i,6o; (intr.) l i C i - S / i é i i>, i5i;to begin with: (±1:^6 | ; / # t ó | C , 188
beginning: l i Z i^y^T)^, 79; beginning level: L J: $ 1* 7,161
beloved, my; i)V N J; 7,141 beside: ^ I f Ic, 159 best, do one's: 5 i X l f l . , 5 i beverage: CO 4 (7), 5 bicycle: C T A L A , 65 biotechnology: . ' ^ ' / f ; f - 7 -77n '
y—, 110
bit,a: t z L/^J'-L,79 blood type: I f o X. $ Yc, 141
287
blog: 7 " D 7 ; I 4 I
blowfish: >^ C, 201 boat: Z^U, 177
body: b^ h tz, 140 boll: (intr.) h <, I86; (trans.) bti^
-f, 186
Bon Festival dance: IfAfe >f U, 4
bonus: /di '—tX, 201 bookshelf: ( ïA/c ' t . ' ,39
borrow: U 29 both: 5;-fe ^ii,') X l \ i l / ^
11; both . . . and . . . : ~ 4 ~ 4,125; both of them: (referring to people) >^ tz') 51 4 / —
A 5 1 t , 2 7
bottle: If L, 241
boutique: 7 X A v 9,129 box: l±Z ,37 box lunch: 9 ,38 boyfriend, my: -ti^K, 108
Brazil: yXi^/b,-?
break: (intr.) Z^9^. |>, 172 breakfast: fe J:'9 L J: < / * l ' f c , '
219
breast: fe^,4i
bridge: l± L, 124 bring up: (children) ^tzXi,2QA
brown: fe ^ v \ -5,43 brush: M^{,?>o Buddha, large statue of: tz\Vi^o,
74
building: TcT tcO, 125 building manager: b'^L U \zL/
•/i^L 'J A, 226; building manag
er's office: 75X ' j I c A L o /
7 } X I J A L o , 2 2 6
built, be: T $ - S , 124
burnable: 4 X. 5,247 business: 9,208; ti'v^^-
X, 214; business productivity:
$" J; 9 -tf ^ , 208
b u t . . . : I t 51", 141 button: - i^ '^ ' Z236 by: - W •?: l f l= , l59
cabinet: t;4--y h,37
café: i j 7
cafeteria: L J: < 51" 9,188 cake shop: ^-^'<'/^-^M.,
245
calendar: il Vy9'-,\o
call m e . . . : ~ 51 XLTitzi V \ 111
call on: (for help) tz <D iJ, 218 c a l l e d . . . : ~ 51 VN 9,193
can: (able to) T $ 6, i 5 i ; (con
tainer) 75'-A, 247
Canada: i l t f , 3
cancellation: fe 1* 9 L, 205 capital: L $ A, 214 Cappadocia: il-y^-^Y^ T, 79 care: -tf ^ , 140
care for: $ 1^ x^6/^\z Xi, 139
careful (of), be: fe rt; "7 v \-f 213
carton: ' "y 7,247 case: (container) 'Ir —X, 201;
(situation) I f V \ 227; if that is the case: ^Kti: fe, 151; in any case: i ( i ) ) , 209; in that case:
^<D l fS )V \227
cash: l f A $ A , 2 5
cash register: U v; 33 castle: (fe) L ^ , 74
catch: (a cold) (7 < , 89
cell phone case: Ifv ^/bv X —X,
10
cello: ^ X D 141
certain . . . , a: i . ? ) ~ , 212 certainly: tz LTJMC, 193 certification: Lt)^i, 210
challenge: f - -i" U-y-/ 193; fe J:
-7 -tf/./, 140
chance: $ TJH \ 70; chance at a
perfect photo: ^ •'/ 9 —i-
>'X,193
change: (intr.) T^X-S, 124, hti^-fi, 193; (trans.) ti^X 6,243; (clothes) $ ti^X. i , 60; (exchange: money) ti'-xi, 158;
change jobs; T A L J: ( - f i ,
107; changing jobs: T A L J: <,
107: for a change of mood: i
L\Z,221 chat; fe'L^f^^U * -fi>,w,
chatting; fe'L'C'-^ U, 61 check; x.v 9 - f i , 105 check-in; 1^ x >y 7 >; 22 checkup; LA/c'A, 86
cheek; life',41 cheerful; ^J^S^-^V \ 4 i
cheers: 7 5 X l f v \ 2 3 5
cheeseburger; i- — X^<—if—, 92; cheeseburger combo; f- —
X".' < — if — • -b -y h, 92
cherry blossom; ^ < fe, 165;
cherry blossom viewing; l i t i '
< ^ / ? È ^ , 9 1
chest; fe'^a,4l chicken (meat): 51 U |c <, 186 chief: f — 7 , 5 child, have a; C 51" 4 TJ 9 i
i,/^Y:%i^ ^iidi, 107 Chinese (silk) dress; •ii'V'
UX,139
choose; X. fe >i'\ 176
chop; $ 186
Christmas party; 7 'j X - ^ X - ' N ' -
' f -f —, 91
city; L, 247; big city; 51 J^H \ 143; city lights; ^ I j v \ 143; within
the city; L-tLH\, 175 civic/civil; L^L, 141
civil servant; Z -7 fe'v no
clear up; (of weather) U ^ i , 203; clearing up (of trouble, etc.):
VN L J; -7,246
clerk: T/fev X / , / J M , 19 click: 7 ' j 7 7 - f .5,143 -•
client; 51 i J t A ^ ^ $ ,239
climb: CO I f .5»/-t^, 65 •
clock in; L * L - f ^ B / t t i f i
- f 151
close; ZÈ i,2]9
clothes; <, 93
cloud; < 4,124
dub: / 7 l / - 7 ° l 4 3 coach: 3 — f - , 2 2 3 coffee shop; 3 — t — -> 3 -y 7°
241 coin locker; C7 -f y o <y T!? —, 158 cola: :3 —-7,12 collect: ii-r^iö6,147 cold; (adj.) (of weather) o a6 /= v \,
41; (n.) (illness) jJ^-lf', 83 collapse; fe' fe 3 fe', 208 colleague: 51"-7 'j J: 9,26 colorful: l i T (^^0,24 combo; -b -y h, 92 come; (humble form) É v N tj i -f,
181 comejandget; 51 U I- VN < / ^
'Jl= ^T<,33
come back: 4 51".5,77
come in: lix^i/X6,25 come on: (of electricity) o <, 242 come out: Ti>/iki>,54 come with: o <,37 coming to Japan: fevN|cfe/^
0, 157
community center: 3 5^ — — b y 7 - 6 6
company: L \ ' /~%t, 20; company employee: L v N A / ^±« , 13
compare: < b'^'5,115; compared to...: < fe'NT,ii6
complete: -ft-Ü 6,239
complexion: ^ fev -S, 83 computer: 3 y t° ZL — —, 123; computer science: 3 y t°:! — y _ 4 ^ ^ x y x , i i o
concern: L/Clfv ^ cX, 227 concerning: ~ | c -9V \T , 43 condition: (physical) fe J: -9 L,89 congratulations: HiöX'Y. 9 ^'iï"
V N É -f; 108
congregate: i^-ot 6,188 connect (to): -tf o^" < -f 224 connection: itAfe ^ , 9 2 considerably: "f v \ r X , 116 consult: 9 t z h i r i , 11; consultation: 9 fzh, 11
consultant: ziy^fiX^^y h, no consulting: ziy^D/y- A, y ^ j i i contact: (n.) fe <, 92; (v.)
KL fe < -f 5,92; contact information: KL fe < ^ 181
continue with: o-j i ' l t 5,, 10s contract, can get a: L C' Y. ii^ Y
K6/\mi)' YK6,209 convenience: (C") o C' 9,160 conversation: 104 conveyor-belt sushi restaurant:
\^XL-fL,221 cook: (intr) I- X. 6,186; (trans.)
\Zi,, 186
cookie: 7 -y +—, 11 cool: i"-f Lv \ 118 cough: - t f$ ,89 countryside: v X' ^ , 210 cover (with): ^ \ rX , 193 cram school: L 1* <, lie cramped: -If i v \ 124 creditcard: 9 F,
25; credit card company: f]'— F
7j^-OL^/7!7-F#T±, 86 crime prevention: 13'-7 l±A, 243 cross: hfz h,23z crosswalk: fe 9 /cXlï 51""9,240
crowded, become: C fe', 12 culture: sl'-Li"^, 140 cure: tcfe"-f,243 curtain: tl — y- y 231 customer: (polite form) feX ^ <
^ i , 5 6
cut: $ 6,186; (a bonus) il y V 6, 209
cute: 7 J X v N V \ 2 4
cycling: - 9 - 9 'j y 7;"64
dancer: /y-9"—, 211 dangerous: i).rX"v \ isi dark: < fev\ii7 darling: C v ^IfY, 212 data: - f " - : 7 , 8 8
date: -f'— h, 205; go on a date: • f " - h i -f 6,205
day: U/B, 23; back in the old days: tJ-i^ L, 125; the day before yesterday: •aYY\\ 152; day trip: m^X. U/S'Jf'j.TO; one day: h6V^y^6B,2^2
•decide: $ «s*-?), 91; be decided: i t 6, 241
decrease: .f,, 124 deep-fry: ^lf6,186
delete: ^ < L J : - f 2 2 4 delight: /bcO L»^,93: be delighted: X6Z 132
delivered, be: YY'i, 137 depart: L I fo- f 5 / tH^- t
6,176; departing ...: ~ l ± o / 175; departure: L rt o l±°
o / d i ^ , 176 . . department: (in a company) •
~.i"/~nP, 5 i ; department manager: fe J: -7 /aP-ft, 63
depending on: ~ lc J; o T, 247 deposit into a bank account, make a direct: . i ^ 'j 3 fe", 158
design: -f-f A y 129. desk; 9,39 dessert: -r'-^f— h, 5 destroyed, be: ^^6tf6,2^2
determined, be: ^ t 6,247
development: TJH Mio, 13 diaper fe'fe'o, 159
diary: lc-p $ ,231 die: Ltó,53 diet: 9/ x-y h,63 different: t,i!^j,63 dining room: L J: < 51"'-7,188
dinner; 1 ML/9 ML, 185; 1^ 9 L J; < yy^, 188
dinnerparty: L J; < L T ^ H N Z - t :
• ^ , 9 1
dip (food) in (sauce etc.); o It 6, 187
diplomat: \ Z -7 TJX, 110 directly: fe J;. < -tf 0 , 2 3 8
directory; (in a building) hL'^'iX^ ML, 240
dirty; $ TC 'J 'V \ 124
disappear; (of inanimate object) •tl." < •^X, 124; (of animate object); { ^^"5,212
disappointed, be; ;J''"o i}'- 'j -f .5, 172
disease; If k l i, 118 dish; ( f e ) i? fe, 10 . dislike: $ fev\ ( ' i . ") , i i7 display; X ' f X 7° U f, 25 district; ~fe J: •? 46,111 divide; ^ l t l . / : 9 ' l t l . , 2 4 7 diving: /•'f If" y 7164 divorce; 'j 3 L, 107; get divorced:
')ZL-f6,\oi do; ^ . 1 . , 111; (humbleform) v ^fz
L i -f, 188
document; L i:-6 x \ 37; document envelope; L J; v \ < . ^ , 3 9
doing away with; \ L J; -7,246
double: Ifv Xfë, 201: be doubled; IfvMC •'•£6y\%\Z -5,208
download: 7 " " ' > y D — F^l".5,218 dramatically; $ rt» 9 l - / , f t l - ,
125 .
draw: 'b'^ { ,64 ,211
dream: f$<s6,210 drinking party; (D^ii^x ^y-^^
^ , 9 1
drive: (n.) F-x f 7^61; (v.) n L T L-f h, 213; driving: •) AT L, 213; go for a drive: F" 7 ^ 7" * -t-5,61
drop:.fe'5i-f, 86 due to; ~lcJ: -pT, 247
during; ~ fe rt) •) y ' ~ ' t ' , 77
Düsseldorf: -y-^/l F /IV, 93 duties: $ LtJ, loi; on duty (In):
~ $ Afe, 101
each: ^ifr), n ear: early: (i^v\,5i Earth: fe $ * 7,212 earthquake: LL/fe, I68 easily, not: ^£i)^-f'£-h^ '-^'^IH \ 143 '
east: t/7}<L/.$., 176 eat: (honorificform) ih ZM^h,
187; eating out: ^ "v L J: { / >i\^. 62
economics: It^ ^i'v \ 110 education: $ J; 7 v ^ <, 111 egg: fz t C', 137
either: 51'~fe fe 4,11 elbow: 1} L, 41 elementary school: L J: 7 ^ 'o
Z 7 /' 'hf^fö, 106 elevator corridor: x [/-s;— 9 —
-" — 71/, 240 embarrassing: li'f"'^' L v \ 172 emergency call button: L J: 7
empty, become: -f < <, 56 encounter -.X'h 1 /ttS-^ 7,140 end:(v.)feX.|./ll-4p'?>,43; (n.)
feXij/|f-49ij,i56;theendof the month: I f o i o / . ^ j)?., 156
end-of-the-year party: (f7 Uh 75HN/'(f9 ^aA#,9i
energetic: \1 hi {'''£), 4\ engaged, get: C h^ { -f 6,107; engagement: C hK' (, 107
English conversation: X.v^^n N h, 104
enjoy: fz<DL tJ, 175 enter: l±v ^i/Xi>,25: enter school: IC* 7 75M t ' l ' / X ^ -f i>, 107
enterprise: $ $" J: 7,214 entrance exams, taking: llfpiih,
109; studying for entrance exams: Crt l fA^-^è X 7,109
environment: J; 7,193 errands: J; j i:/ffl^,70 especially: Y < l c /# |c , 143 evening: t 7 -h^fz/y^.ii,;
(iX, J;5/^,76 evening sun: lii) 7 U/y B, 139
ever (since): •ƒ"-:> 51,104 every: É v # ~ ; every
month: É V N O $ / # ^ , 6 2 ; every year: i v \ 51 L / ^ ^ , 122
everyone: <^Att", 85; (polite form) -^L'ifA, 91
everywhere: 51"C 4,12 exactly: fe J; 7 51", 76 exam: L If h, 107; take an exam:
Ulht 7 If'5,107 example: itv N / # I J , 5
exchange: J J X 5, 158 excited, be nervously: FX F +
-f 5, 127 exclusive use: ^hXl 235 exercise : 7 A 51" 7,65; l h 51" 7
exist: (polite form) c:' "v N i -f, 159
experience: Ifv Mf A, 132 explain: -tfo-ióv X5,85; expla
nation: -tl:oi6v\85 extend: (DXfh, 201 eyebrow: i l$ (If), 41
fabulous: "tli'fe Lv\79 face: J J X , 60 fadlities: ^^Xf.n^ fail: fefe^S», 172 fairly: t£•/]•-•>£143
fall: (n.) (season) h i, m; (v.) fe 5,213; (of prices etc.) ^ i' i/fb^6,208; (of rain, snow) .ï>5, 183
family: (someone else's) C" -?" <, 8
fan heater: 7 r y t — 9 —,2A3
fantastic: -f If fe L v \ 79; "f C" V \ 201
far away: 51 fe < |c, 193 fare: ') X l i h, 176 farewell party: - 7 '<-07jn N /
^ 7 '<0'è-, 91 fashionable, be: IcAè-^^' t,
6/K%-b^ * '5 ,3 ; fashionable part of town: 7 r -y '> 3 y x ' j T , 129
fast: l±^v\20 fat: (used in cooking) h-y- fe, I86 father: fefefe^/^SI, 143 fatty tuna: feX' h a, 227 favorite, my; ^v \ J; 7,141
feeling; $ 4 fe, 127 female; L J; -tfv \ 112 fever, develop a: i l o $• fi-f/
fX-^i tij-t,244 few; -f < •'•£\^/^p-f£X\9 field: l±/clf 124 field trip; If A ^ " < / ^ # , I5i finally; 51,42 find, be able to: ^ O T J ^ ^ / ^ O
75 42 fine; fz^^t x 7 (•tt'),90 finger; yp If, 89 finish; (intr.) Üh6/^h6,A3;
(trans.) "t i -tf 5,239; be finished: -ft}, 185
first: [i\:^X<D/miöXn, 140; first of all; t f , I88; the first; ifv \ L J;, 156; the first half; -ti:XI±A/l?r^, 156; the first ten days of the month; L J; 7 L * h/X Z\ph, 156;
the first week of the month; X^riltp 1 46/ 1 sSS, 156
first-time: iiZiör(D/^^iói: <D, 140; for the first time: l i L *!)T/l9<i*T, 101
fish dealen ^^tL'^/i5-^^^.'S, 129
fishing: o U,27 fitting room; L fe < L o, 25 fix; tc fe' , 243 flame: U/K 243 flexible; ^l9fe75H\228 flow; t£-i^'K6,129 flu, the; /f y77l/xy+p;89 fly: 51vi", 204 folding/fold-up; fe' 'j fztzhA^ food; /c'<4cO, 13 food fair: 7 - F7xT,77 for: ~ l - , 11; (geared toward)
-^felfB -forbidden, it is; vMft.-v\ 221 force oneself; fe' U i" 6,83 forehead; Z / T C V \41 foreign country: •ti'x N Z < / fV^ ,
22 foreign student; 'j * 7 '5''' < -tf v \
203 foreigner; TJ 'V \ Z < L; A/^ 'Ml ,1 A, 22 forest; 4 ' j , 124 forget; h-fil6,33
format: L Jt L 224 forward: (position in a game)
7 * 7 - K m four seasons, tlie: L 28 fragrance: J fe <), 139; be fragrant: yi--Ü tj 7i< -fi^
frame: 7 A,43 free: (does not cost money) iJ 'J x
1,159; (unrestricted) C tj) 7,188
freeway: Z 7 < YT^ 6,213 freeze: (of computer) 7 'j —X" -f 224
trench fry: 7 7 ^ Vif-f- h, 37 friend: t* 7 L L/1SLK, 133
frightening: C \ 79 frontentrance: L Jt 7 * iA l fX
' •'A, 240 fruit and vegetable dealer: -^fe^
X^^WM, 129 fund manager: 7 r > F^^- —
•y -t» —, 214
funds: L $ A, 214 furnished :! ^ {'-o $ cO, 93
gain weight: o> Y 5 ,221 garbled, become: 4 L If (f-f-5,
224
garden: Tv X A , 175 gardening: tf—r—y 9']x7 gas station: T!?" V 'j y X y F 124 gather: (intr) ^':>t6,188; (trans.) Aoa^ 5 ,247; gathering place: 5^HN C J: 7,157
gaudy: l±T ( t t ' ) , 2 4
gauge the situation: J; 7 "t ^ «^-S/J: 7 - f $ ^ ^ 2 1 3
geared toward: ~ It, 13 general affairs: -f 7 t/", no general area: t> tz ' j , 33; in the general area of, ~ C 0 tz 'j \z, 33
gentle: -^ if L v \ 41 get: Y 6,33; (a virus): ^X-tf A
"t ' .5>,224
get better: (of injury, disease) -4' fe i>, 242
get done; T$ i>, 88 getto know: L 'J 7,108 get up: fe' $ .5, eo girlfriend: if—lVy Vy F,79;
my girlfriend: ^^«9 C J : , 2 i 9
give; (flowers) fe' < 5 ,167 ; give to (someone) to look after: ^-f
I t 5 , 1 5 8
give asked-for advice; -t 7 tzL 1 = <0 . |> ,165
give back; T^X-f, iss give birth to: 7 fe ' /4 fe ' ,2 io giving directions: fe A ^ H \
236
glad: 7 Lv \ 172 glass; 7X X, 37; one glass; v ^
\t\ \ 209
glasses; iö-d^U,39 glide around; •t<6,143 gloomy: < fe v \ 191 glove; T. ^ < .5,39 go: (humble form) ix^>) i-f,
181
go around; È h6y'^6,65 goby; 51 fe ij " t$X,241 go back; è 5lX, 77 go down; (intr.) (of prices) if 5^ '5 /T'^^'.?., 208; (trans.) (a hill etc.) < / • c 5 / T - l . , 2 4 i
go in: l ivN^/X-i . , 25 going home; ^ X "j /Df ij, 70 go out: (leave) T^^Mt^S/ttlT)^
It 5 ,143; (of electricity): i x 5 , 242
go past: Yti ') t 6,24i goto; (~ l c )T^ / (~ | c ) t ü
5 , 9 2
goto bed; fii>, eo go under; (go bankrupt) 51 7 if
A- f 5 ,191
go up; (climb) <Dlï6y±6^ 65; (rise) * -^<-S. / '±75^- -5 ,208
good-bye; fe'':>;^'>^if , 7 0 gourmet; 175 grade; H+v -tf $ ,208
gradually: tzLtzh, 127 graduate:-^-oj'j: 7 - ^ . 5 , 1 0 1 ;
graduation: ^ o j ' j ; 7 ,101 grandfather: (one's own) ^.l^, 26; (someone else's) fe' F v N if A , 26
grandmother (one's own); "iii, 26; (someone else's) fe'liX if A, 26
Greece; ^' V -> 139 green; 51" ' J , 124 green tea; i r>t>^, 74 group; X l — 7 ° i 4 3 grove; ii^ L, 124 grow; <Dt/6,201 guidance;' A'^n \ 56
guide; iiA'i'v ^-f-5,56 guidebook; t7'4 F7"-y 7,103
hair; t/^^ (Wlt),4i half: l i A o X / ^ ^ \ 2 0 8 half a year; (i A 51 L / ^ ^ , 112 hand over; h tz-f, 238 hangover: « ^ O T J X V \ 8 9
happy; 7 Lv \ 172 hard; / cV \ - xA ( 'JL0 ,62
hard; (of surface) T^YCV \ 24
hard time, have a; Z i -5,168
have; 51 5,157 Hawaii: • ' ^ 7 ^ , 123
hay fever: 5^\^AL J: 7 ,89 he; -i^il, l o s head to; tjti^-j, i s s health; ItAC 7,86; health checkup; I tAZ 7 LA/cA ,86
hear, be able to; $ C x. - 5 / ^ 1 C X . . 5 , 1 6 8
heavy: fe' 4 v \ 24 heed: fe 7 v \ 213 height; / c J ^ i f / S i f , 193; (of person) -tf, 19
help; (n.) (fe')To/-i\ N, 137; (v.) (humble form): fe'To o-f .z,, 187; be a help: fz-fb^i, i65
her; / NC; j . 219 here; C fe fe, 12 heritage site; v N i f A, 174 high; /CTJH \/ift>, \ 19
hill; i f 240 him: ï JX , 108
hmm . . . ; i>60 -7,19; 51,42
hobby: L tj; 143 homesick, get: t-s —A >- 7 |c
'^^'J^-5 ,212
homestay; -ti —AXx^f, 101 homework; L rt < /c'v \ is5 hope; ia-i]^\ \ 92 host family; rhX H 7 r S 'j —,
127
hot-air balloon; S $ rt) 7 , 7 9 hot chocolate; 3 r? T, 221 hot water; (fe')lt>, i s e house; v \ x., 124; the entire house, throughout the house; V X i: rt) 7 ,106
housewife; L rt) 129 housing: F rt) -7 7c <, 124 how: 51"-7 L / c fe ^-h^, 193
291
however: L TJ L, 193
huh?: X . X o , 2 3 5
human resources: tLC/kM, m"
humor: ^ — ^ r T , 161
hurry: \ < ' / A {', 167; in a
hurry: v N o T / A - v \ T , 23i
I: ( in formal ; used by men and
boys): I f <,63
ice hockey: T X -y 173
if: 5;""-} TJ 165; ^tz fe, I8 i ; t
L,204; ~ I f , 218; if so: ^iltc fe,
151: if you would like: J ; o 7c fe,
165; if possible: T $ H l f , 246
illness: If l l i , i i 8
impor tant : Tc v ^ C ( 4 - )
(^j,-),83; / c O - ( f o ( 4 - ) , 173
impossible: fe U ( ^ " ) , 83 '
impression: - i X - ^ 9,161
including ; . . : ~ o $ , 93
inconvenient: o ^ ' ^ A C'^c), 124
increase: >^X. '5,124 i n fo rm: L fe-tf^, 91
injured, get: I t ^ ^ X -fi.&B
injury: I t ' i ' S 89
in-l ine skating:' -f V x ^ ^ X
T — h, 143
input: l : yp X < - f i , 224
insect: fe' L, 212
inside: •^'ib^/'^jz; be inside: 11
inside,the: l fe/rt, 1 %b^b/
1*1#J, 226
install: -i ^ X h - 7 P t . 5 . , 2 2 4
instance: l± ' i>v \ 2 2 7
instant noodles: i j -y 7°<s6A, 236
interest: L rt 143
interest: $ J: 7 176
interest, have an; $ J: 7
-S, 176
international relations: C < ^ v ^
7 5 X l t v \ i i o
Internet, the: • i y 9 - ^ - ' y F,2i4
interpreter: o -7 ^ <,2io interval of, after an . . . : ~ > ï ' U,
126
invest: Y. 1 L - f i , 214; investing:
Y 7 L,214
investigate: L fe'^^, 54
invi tat ion: ( fe ' ) i? - t v \ 160; invite:
i 5 - ? - 7 , i 6 0
irritating: 7 5 i5v \ I68
issue: 7c " f / t i s i " , 88; be issued:
T5/ l±3'S,20i
item for sale: L J; 7 U L, 33
Japanese drum: htzx ^ Z, 64
Japanese-style food: hL X <,219
Japanese-style room: hL'^, 138
jetlag: L if I f I t , 89
job assignment: $ A f e ' , 101
job, get a: L rt) 7 L J; <-t 6,107; getting a job: L rt 7 L J: <,107
junior high school: fe rt) 7 -^^X /
t ^ , 105
junior staff: ö'T^XtPT, 26
just: ~7^clt,2i8; fe J: 7 51'",76;
just as . . . : ~ ! l " f e ' U, 246; just
as it is/was: ~ W É É,125
just now: if o $ , 40
just right: fe J: 7 ^i" VN\.\229
karaoke: 7) 7 ^ T, 60
karate: 7 5 X T / S ^ , 6 4
key card: T!?— F + —,226 key holder: + —rh7l / /—, 10
kimono: $ t 21
kind: (adj.) (of personality): ^ if
L V \ 41; (n.) L rt> .5 V \ 247
kiosk: l f vNTA/^ ;5 ,120
knee: U if", 41
landscape: . ^ 7 l tv \2 i i
largest amount: if >. N Z 9 TJ'' <, 214
last, the: if v ^ C", 156; the last ten
days of the month: i f L rt> L /
T L rt) A, 156
last night: 1 <, 122
late, be: fe' < 5,172; being late:
fe 3 < , 23o; getting up late:
I f 7 , 172
later: *> Y XVIkT, 3; ~ Z'/-C112; later on: <Ofelf51",24l
latter half, the: Z 7 \tL/'\k^,
156
laundry: -I+ATC < , 6 i ; do laundry:
- t f A 7 ^ c < ^ t ' 5 . , 6 1
law: I J 7 U o , n o
learn: fe'lf X .5 ,223
leather: 39 leave: (separate from) l±'4'tL
i>, 127; leave (something somewhere): fe'v N T < .5,221; leave
behind: (forget) h-fKi.in lecture presentat ion: 3 7 xf^jb'-
V N / C 7 X A # , 138
leisurely: yp-o < U,i53 lesson: -y X > , 5
let out : 7c" 1 - / 1 ^ - ^ , 2 4 2
lever:
l id: .^7c, 2 3 6
l ife: -t+VNT^^-o, 143
l i fet ime sport : 7 7 X f " - 7 ,
143
l ight: (adj.) ( l ightweight) : -h^h^^,
24; (n.) y A V, 243
like: $ 1 = V N . 5 / ^ l c X ^ , 1 3 9 ;
like very much: fix ^ 1 " $ (^lO, 13
l ine: (queue) ^ ' : > , 143; (mark) -If
L, 2 3 6 ; one line: v N fe ^ - 0 /
— 1 8 8
line up: fe . v , 129
list: Ij X h, 8
l i terature: «rX J " <, 110 little: 1 - < 4 H V>~-^£X \ 9; a little:
•f Z L, 79, (polite form)
L J; -7 L J; 7,40; little by little:
1-C L r - :5X /L1^ " -o , - l 29
live: < fe1", 210
lock: (become locked) -/j^i'-Zi^
long: -^xb^x \ / - f t : V \ , 24; it has
been long t ime: i f L >i' ' j
( T t ) , 101 look for : i f fi'-f, 4o look into: L fe'<-5,54
lose: (mislay) fe' Y. -f, 8 6 , t£ < -f,
135; (fail in a match) i I t -?>, 172
loss, be at a: i J ; 7 , 1 6 5
lost, get: < ^ f e l - i J : -7,212 lot, a: fe'fevN/^v\9
lot tery: TCTSX < i : , 2 0 4
low: CA < V \, 2 4
lunch: fe rt) 7 t J; < / S - f c , I88;
ferA5/fe&,22i •
mailbox: (at home) yp n XfL 7
I f 2 2 6 ; (public) / t ° X h , 2 3 7
main street: 7 y x h U — h, 129
maintenance: 7 > ' T 9 - y X , 9 2
make a phone call: X'Lhi
make it (on t ime) : É 1^ * •) / F ^
l c - ê ' 7 , 1 3 2
make-up: ( f e ' ) i t t X 1,105;
make up (one's face): (ti) I t
L X 1 i -f6,W5
management: I t ^ X . v \ no
mania: v —T, 193
many: (of things) ti ti x v \
9; (of people): titi-\£\ VA- t f "
V \ 193; many times: ti: L Yl 4
/¥i)^t, 190 mark: T — 7,40
market: x'^i^ii.se marketing :'7 — ' ! r - r y ^ ' . m
married, get: I t -^ 3 A t i>, 107
massage: v >y -f —y; 219
mat: v -y h, 51
material: tzX^-^^ \ 193
mathematics: j i^i, 110
matter: C 51,140
may: ^b^t LK± -tf A, I81
maybe: — T L J: -7,83
McDonald's: v -y 7,92
me: (informal; used by men and
boys): I f<,63
mean: x'-thi (•40,41
meat: I- <, 171
medical science: v <, no
medium (size): M-tf ^ X', 25
meet:- ti-ó^Xi, 56
meet: (by chance) TS) -7 / tb
•#7,140; go to meet: fe-^X
IC v ^ < / ^ ; ; * X l c #< ,56 ,
(humble form) fejiXlc i v N
I j t -r, 181 •
member: / y^^"—, 132
membership dues: b'^x^U, 223
memorize: felfX'2>,223
memory: ti i x^T/^x^^, 127
merchandise management: L J;
7 ULb'L'j.m
message: / -y t^ —V7 190
meteorite: v \A-tf $,212
meter: / — h 71/, 155
Mexico: 7 + v r?, 136
middle: •4''JX't', 78; around the
middle: ^ ' ^ J ^ c X / t - 6 ,
156; the middle ten days of the
month; fe 7 L tJ) A /
L * A, 156
might : ~ ' J X L ^ i - t f A , I81
might it be?; - - T L J: 9 t)\33
mild-mannered: tiYtiLx\ 41
milk; S'tp -7 1-1* 7,247
minutes, in a few; 4 7 - f <•", 76
mistake; i fe^^'X. !>, 172
model; ^ - f J l , 27
modern: ^ r / y (ti), 129
moment ago, only a; if $, 40
month: - ' : > $ / ^ , 58
more: i> Y.,^9
more than . . .; ~v ^ L J: 7,159
more than that; - ï ^ J : ' j , 2 i 8
morning: i ) if / $ ^ , 76; during
the morning; C'-tf/Cfe rt 7 /
' f - I f i ^ , 77; morning sun; h if
tA / ^ ^ H, 193; this morning; I t
if, 40; one morning;
i f / * ) 5*^ , 212
mountain; H^i / i h , 64; moun
tain climbing: ^ i (7)|f i j / J j
<0(fU,64; 51if~X,193
mouse pad; v > X ^ -y F, 10
mouth; < fe/c3,41
move: (trans.) -7 Z'ti'-i'/ti-d^
•f, i4o; (intr) -7 3' < / # <, i4i;
(from one home to another) U ->
3 -f, 107; moving (from one
home to another); tA- p 3 L,93
movement: -7 A 51"-7,193
mug; v ^ X >y 7° 10
music, piece of: $ J; <, 143
must; ~ 4 - l t ^ l ± ' 4- fetcv \ 235
mustache: f/ ' l f)4i
narrow; (thin) l i -^v \ 24
national bond: 3 < if v \ 214
nature: L- t fX, 174
near; ~ C 0 i ) 7 c U |c,33
necessary; t /"? J; -7 (40,123
neck; < t / ^ i
neighborhood; $ A L J:, 129
nephew: (one's own) fe v \ 26;
(someone else's) fe v ^ C' if /C, 26
never mind: v H \ T - t ' , 25
new: L A ~ / # ; T ~ , 33; new
things: l i L<>6TC0 3 Y./i^
iö-X<D Z 51,140
news; — a. —X, 60
New Year; L J: -7 ' ''"•o, 122; New
Year party; L / C ^ A T J H N /
t r ^ ^ , 91
next; o$""|C, 247
next-door neighbor: 514' ' j <^
5 1 / A , 26 ,
next time; C A 5lV '7^,S, 38
nickname; — -y 7 A, 141
niece: (one's own) it>\ \ 26;
(someone else's) 46v C'if A, 26
night: I I X , J; 5 / ^ , 76; stay of
one night: v \ ( f < / 1 )ö, I60
no good; /c'<!6,(40, 218; it is no
good: v N|t4*v \22i
no thank you: v n ^ T X , 63
noisy; -7 5 if v \ 168
none except for; ~ L ~ 4 ' V \ 2I8
noodles: *!)A, 236
north; $ T c / i t , , i76
nose; 114", 41
nostalgic 4"o;J^ L v \ 101
not good: J; < * 'j i.-lf/fe,83
notice: $ o < / < , 212
notice of attempted delivery: >^
i f ' V . ^O-7 fe,226 ;, ,
not(hing) in particular; 51 < | c /
#1: \227
nowhere: 51" C 4 ,3
number: 75X^ 203; number one:
v X l l X , 8 .,
nurse; i^hZ L, 110
nursing room; L rt I- rt) 7 L o , 158
nylon: 9"^ D V, 39
observation; 5^^Aif 0 ^ 140;
observe: T ^ X i f o - f -5,140
occasionally; fz i lc, 58
occur: t i i i>, 212
odd; fe'jJ^ L V \ 225; - ^ A (4.0,230
of course; 4 fe A, 108
office: L fe' L J;; 93; L fe' L o , 133
oh, I see; i^S), 19
oh, really?: - ^X , 51
oil; i o X , 186 . .
oil; t . ' f ll, 186
okay; fzX L J; -7 vï" (4.0,90
omelet, Japanese-style: (floury and
containing vegetables, and meat
or seafood) tiZ(DJi-^i,iA-
one way or another; 4 . X 51 f}^/ -fpf 51 fl\ 141
oneself: L v ^ X / è : ^ ' , 143
one size; 7 y-f" 'f X', 23
one-way: f)'^fz^fo, 176
only: ~/ 'c l t ,2i8
open: (intr.) h < , 242; (a file); X)-
fe <, i ) I t 5 ,224; (of business);
iï — y°y'fi>, 129; open up; h
</S<,181
opera: ; t ' < - 7 , 1 6 I
2 9 3
opportunity: i-i^x\ 70
opposite: !±A/cV \ 229; opposite
side: l±A/:V^z5X,229
orchestra: t —T X h 7,132
other day, the: -1+ A C o , 143
outside: ^t/^h, uo
overdo it: tJ ') i -f i>, 83
overseas: J^H \ 13
oversleep: Hiïl ir6,172
overtime work: i5"X$""j; 7 ,63 ;
do overtime work: i5"/C$""j; 7
1 -^ ,63
package: / ° -y — v; 33; (tour
package) -fe -y h, 175; (item sent
in the mail) lc t 0 ,219
paint: <, 211
painter: b^-ó^ 210
paper: 7 ) ^ ^ 3 3 ; J: 7 L,225
paper bag: b^^^Z' < -5,33
parents (one's own) U J: 7 L
A / i ^ l l , 26; (someone else's)
C'lj J; 7 L A / ' Z ' " j ^ i | „ 2 6
parking space/spot: t, i1> l L f
C J; 7,183
parking ticket: %ip 1 L'i:- UL, 159
participant: if Li^ L ^, 189
participate: if Lb^-fi>,i9
pass: (an exam) C* i-/i^ {-f i,,
172; (go over: railroad tracks) Y
a i , 241; (of time) - f -5,76;
passing an exam 7 < , 172
passenger: C J; 7 $ »f <, 229
passport: ^7 h, 204
password: ^ " "X 7 — F, 237
past: (the hour) '--f^"', 76
patch: (of land) l lTcI t , 124
pay: 11 fe 7,137; payment: (fe)
L l l f e V \ 2 5
pedestrian bridge: l i ' i f j $ J: 7 ,
240
people: UK f z t , / A fciy, 70;
UYU'il/AUY,]93; people
at the office: 7}H^ L^cO tA
A , 11
pepper: 3 L J: 7,186
per: ~ l - , 51
percent: ^ — b y h,208
perfume: 3 •? -fv \ 139
period: (in history) C /c \ \ 193
perishables: 4' É 4 < 7 ) / i 4 <7), 159
person: (polite form) ii^tz/19
personal history: I t^ 112
pet: -^'y h, 159
physics: . i ' o i j , no
pick up: ÏA-?! 7,120
place of interest: ^ L i , i76
plain: (of color) L (4"), 24
plan: J: T ^ X -T - : t , 77; as
planned: J; TV N i l - ' f e ' j / ^ : ^
5 : " fe i j ,246
planning: Oi^i, 110; planning
calendar XXx^U l 7 /-f-^^:
J; 7,157; planning meeting:
7 fei^^-tf/^Tfe-ê-^^Xisi
plastic: 7°-7 X f- -y 7 ,39 ; plastic
bottle: -< -y h -1 " h /k 247
play: (an instrument) CA <, 64; (drums) fztz {, 64
player: (on a sports team) -if A L Il>,27
pleased, be: J; -5 3 >ï", 132
police officer: Itv ^fi^L, 110
pond: V N|t, 124
popular, be: I^A^TJ^' i ) i > / A
m ' hi,3
population: ZLZ 1 / A ^ , 202
pork: .r^Tcl- <, 186
Portugal: t ' / l h i/Jl, 7
position: ^h°y i> 3 > ; 111
possible, if: T $ ^ ( f , 2 4 6
pot: i£<, 74; meal cooked in a pot
at the table: t£'< ij j ; 9 i j ,74
practice: ilLLrp 7,132
precious: tzx \ C (40
(40,83
pregnant, become: Z Y'tb^ T"
ii/^Y'iti^ T i i , m preliminary inspection: L fz 157
preparation: t LU', se; do prep
arations CtpLU't: 'ti,56
prepare: J: 7 v ' - f i / m M t i ,
181
president: (of a country) tzX "> 51 7 'J J; 7,210
press: feX, 213
primary school: L J: 7 f>^-o Z 9
106
print: V NAif o-f.?), 224 problem: 4 /C/c"v \ 193 product: L J; nUL, 33; new
product: L A L J; 7 fAA, 33 professional: 7 ° 0 , 2 1 1
profile: 7 ° D 7 u\
profits: 9 'J * . l f / ^ U- t i f , 201
programmer:. 7°t3 ^ y"^—, 110
project: 7°D v x 7 h,5
prolonged, be: <DUi,2A5
promise: (n.) ^ < <, 77; (v.) ^
< ^ < t 5 , 1 0 8
properly: fe 'C'A51,141 public relations: C 9 (Ï 9,110
pull: U {,237
push: fe'-f, 213
put: fe <, 221; (sauce etc. on
food): o I t .5., 187
put on: (clothes) $ i / ^ i , 9; (a
hat) fi'^Zyi , 36; (a necktie)
( f - 7 7 ^ $ ) - r 5 , 3 6 ; (glasses):
ïJMt !>, 119; (music) -^Mt , 214
put out: (trash) f z - f / ^ - f , 247
qualification: L- ^ <, 210
qualified, get: L < ^ Y i , 210
question: ti LfzX \ I68; that is
a good question: 9 T t ^
X.,211
quickly: 1 1 ^ <, early,83
quit: ^ A 6 5 , 2 7
quite a bit: fzx ^,1', 116
railroad crossing: >^<^ $ 'J, 240
rain: S J ^ / S , 9; it does not rain
much: ^iöi^ <-fx^^/m'
l}'-4n \ 9; it rains a lot: iyi^fi^
fe'fe^^/ffi;^^" ^ v \ , 9
ramen noodles: y — / y , 236
. ready, get (something): J; 9 v t
5 / f f l * t ^ , 1 8 1
realized, be: L o l t X t - S , 193
really?: X. -3,42
reboot: if v X 51" 9 1 5 , 2 2 4
receipt: ! / •>— h, 159
receive: 9 It-S, 107; (humble form)
x^tzfz{, 151; (e-mail etc elec
tronically) L rt) L A t 5, 224
recently: if v X A, 3
recipe: U -> t", 27
record: 6 < feXt^, i9o;
recording i < feX, 190
recruit: I f L rt) 9 132;
recruitment: I f L rt 9,132
recycling: 'j "9"^ 7 71/, 247
|ed: 12
reference room: L 'j J; 9 L o , 138
regrettable: i'LUL (40,143;
< ^ L v \ 172; regrettably: i f X
^ / C 4 - C YiZ, 193
relax: (^/Cl/'j-fi.er, ') y y 7 X t 5 , 7 5
rent: 'J 5 , 2 9
rental car; U V - 174; rental
car op t ion : U V ^ T ! / — • 7 ° v
y , 175; rental shop: U > ' 7 7 l /
' > 3 y 7°, 29
repeatedly: 7c t / f z t f , 225
reporter: $ L ^ , los
researcher: liLirpj L 110
residential area: L rt ? 7c < fe,
129
response: L, ss
rest area: $ rt) 7 I f v ^ C J: , iss
retire: TCV X J: ( - f i , 107; retir
ing: TcV N L J: <, 107
rice ball: felcj'ij, 13
rice cooker: - f v M ± A $ , 243
rice paddy: fzLH/m/iii, 124
rich, the f i l thy: Üti-ó^'U t fe, 210
right?: ~ T L J: 9,S3
right, tha t is: 9 7 ,42
right away; x^tii^ fe/-^"'^' fe, 33
right in f ront of one; i6<D i x / S CT) BU, 237
right now; (polite fo rm) fz 7c v \
i , 190
right side; ^ i'b<h/:^m, 235
right there; (close to one) -f <', 241
rise: * , 7 j < 5 / _ h i « < 5 , 2 0 8
risk: 9 X 7 , 2 1 4
river; : i ^ X / , ' l l , 124
road; <^fe, 119; il*"-) .z,, 124
roast; (intr.) ^ I t 5 , ise; (trans.)
^ < , 1 8 6
robber: 5 l X ( f 7 , i9 i
Romania: 7 l / — v — T , 7
r o o f : - ^ ^ , 2 3 7
roof garden; < t J; 7 J : ,
219
room; ^ ^ / $ | 3 M , 4
rough; fzX^^h ( 4 ' ) , 9 2
roundtr ip : fe' 7 ö^ <, 176
run; 11 L 5>, es; (of car), 231
runny nose; I14 . ' ( < ^ - f ) , S9
rural area: v ^•4':^§^ 210
Russia; D - > T , 7
sack; . ^ < •5,33
sad: -ó^fc Lx\ m
safe: (n.) (storage box for money)
iLZ,37; (adj.) (not hazard
ous) ^.A-tfA ( 4 ' ) , 214 salary: $ rt) U J; 208
sales amount: j ') hlf/^') ± If; 201
sales and marketing; X. v \ j ; 9
110
sales trends; -7 Ht^) $ / ^ ^
# $ , 201
salesperson: XLx ^ L X l ^ M , is
salt; L fe', 186
same; t i t c C, 25
save; (a file) IJ-?"A-f 5,224
scarf; v 7 -7 —, 39
schedule; X X ^ \ 11; assz\\&6-
uled J:Tv^51'•felJ/•f^51'"fe IJ,246
screen; X 7 9 - >, 29; i*^'a6A, 237
search fon i f ^''"-f, 40
seashell; /^n \ ;^^'fe, 139
seashore; ^i^h^ 214
seaside: -7 .^'^,214
season; v —X ' y , 193
seat; -tf 40
section chief; b^t, t 1 /M^k, isi
section: JJXM, 7O
security guard: 7!7"'— F v y, 240
security light: i ï i l i h y ^ h, 243
see, can; <^X 5 / l , X ' 5 , ies
see (someone) off: fe' < U Ic \, ^
< / f e < l j l X t < , 4 3
sell; "7 H 5 / ^ ^ 5 , 2 0 i
send; fe' < 5,43; /c-f/tfa-t, ss;
(e-mail etc electronically); ^ 7
L A-f 5 , 2 2 4 ; send e-mail;
7 -71/ - f -5,91
senior high school; C 9 3 -7 /
Sfé, 105
separate; *o l t -5 / :^^ l t -5 ,247
serious; (of personality) i t J6(4',)
41; (of illness) fe't>.\,i9i;
serious-mindedness: i C 46 i f , 192
service: -t f-- t : 'y,22
set; (configure) -If o T v ^-f -5,
224; (a timer): -by h-f 5,243
set out: T^Mf 5 / t è ! ! ^ M t 5 ,
143
setting(s);-tf-5Tv\224 several; v \ < 33 shake; t ^^5 ,243 she; ^^(D C J:,219
shirt: -> + 7 ,37
shoe; < -o, 9
shopp ing; ^ t <D, 12; shopping
street: L J: -7 T Li^x \ 124
short ; ( low to the ground) <
V \ 24; (not having much length)
L ' J H \ 2 4
should . . . ; ~ 7 c ~ l i 9 f)^' v ^v \
83 ; should n o t . . . : ~ 4 . • v ^ {i
\ ^ \ \ S3
show (someone) a round ; i > A - 4
V X 5 . , 5 6
shower: v + 7 —, eo
shut d o w n : L rt) •) 'J J: 9 " f 5 ,
224
shutt le bus; i> -t' h 7l / / < X , 75
siblings; (one's o w n ) $ J: 9 7c"v \
26; (someone else's) C $ j ; 9
Tc'VN, 26
sick of, be: $ fev ^ ( 4 ' ) , 117
side; - T J X / ' - W , 22e
sightseeing; J^XZ -7,175; sight
seeing w i th in the city: L tcx
A - 9 , 175
simple: i ' ^ L f z L (4 . ' ) , 22; - > y
7°7|x ( 4 - ) , 24
sing: -7 7c 9 , 6 0
Singapore; ->y7;7""7f;—71/, 62
sink; ( into water) L - f fe', 139
sit; t ^ 5 , 3 6
s i tuat ion; f 9 - f , 213
size: -tf-zf X", 19
skate; - f < i , 143; skat ing;
X ' > - - K i 4 3
sketchy; i> L v , 225
sky; - t fe/S,203
sleep; ^ a f e ' - 5 , 2 0 9
sleeplessness: ^ l o X < , 8 9
sleepy: ^ fe' v \ 89
sl im, get: ^ - t f .5,219
slope; i f ii^, 240
slowly; 1$ o < I j , 153
smalk fevNif ( 4 ' ) (^^.)^42
smel l ; (v.) (smell good) - ^ X ' U
• t -I), 139; (n.) i c f e v M s ? ; (fra
grance) T^X' U, 139
smoked sa lmon; X ^ r — 7 - f f—
^ > , l i
smoking area; $ o x . A C j ; , iss
smoking lounge; $ o x. A L 133
sneeze; < L ^ 89
snowboard ing ; X 7 —/"tC— K, 64
295
soccer player: -ff-yTj/—-t+AL rt,
42 soft: ^ ^ b ' J ' V \ 2 4
software: V 7 h, 218
sold out: 9 I j $ tL, 25
somehow: 4 % !1 'JX'fif 51 f}^, 141
someone: /c4l'5^4
sometime: x'^'oii^iA somewhere: 51" C TJ'", 3 song: l tz,6o; i i. <, 143
south: <^4"<^/ i^ , 176
soy sauce: (fe) L J: 9 tJi, 186
spacious: tA-^v \ 22
Spain: X-</f 7,7
Spanish: 7<-i yz'/7<4 7
If, 155
spare key;, X - < r + —, 226 -
speak: l ± 4 - t / l é t , 5 4
special: 51 < -^m /# ;? i j (40,
201
spectacular:-tlfb L v \ 7 9 -
speech: X b°—f-, 173 •
spend (time): " f C"-t, 140
spring: (season) l l -S, 117
stall: Itx^i:L/%JS,no start: l± I:tó5/Aé*5)'5,60
start up: (a computer) $ 51" 9 t i>,
224
starting now: • 3 fe, 5i
station building: X $ If 7 b / i R
If 7b, 124; in front of the station:
i x / ÏR | f r , i60
stature: -If, 19
stay overnight: Y H , 135
stiff: •/I'-tzX \22& •
stir-fry: \ ^fzihi>, I86
stock prices: 7J\b"75^ 208
stop; 51 É 5,229
stop off; J; 5), 60
story; ii<r)b'fz 'j,i29
strange: fe'^J^ L v \ 225; ' ^ / / ( ' J : ) ,
230
strawberry; v \ fe C", 129; straw
berry patch; V ^ fe C"l±"/: It, 129
street; ~ 51"fe'U, 65
stress; X h l /X, 227
strict; $ L V \ 41
strike; (labor strike) X h, 204
strong; o J; v \, 93
stubborn: 3 (40 , 4 i
student: - l fv \5: , I6I
stylish: fe' L ^ ^ (40 ,129
subdued: (of color) L ^ (40 , 2 4
subject matter: / c V ^ i " o , 193
suburbs; 3 -7 JJ 'V \ 27
such . . . as this: 3 A4.', 218
suddenly: $ rt* 9 \z/&lz, 125;
51-5- I fX, 212
sufficient, be: fz') 5 ,
238
suit: X — 7 , 6 0 suitcase: X — ' y ) " — X,37
superior; L J; 9 L, 26 supermarket, large; Utib'^fz
X — 1 2 4
surprised, be; fe 51"^ <, 172;. If-o
< I j t 5 , 1 7 3
sushi; (fe) -f 1,13
suspicious: i ) - ^ Lv \ 225
sway; ypKi>,243 sweetheart: CvX"51,2i2
swim: fe J; C", 53
switch; X ^ y f-, 243
symbolize; L J; 9 fe> J: 9 ' t ^ ,
129
system notebook: '> X x A
T f e J : 9 , 4 3
systems department: v X -r A Ö"
/ v - X - f A^P, 51
table; o < x , 4 3
tae kwon do; x CJ 7 F—, 143
tag; 4.'.^/=, 37
take: (pick up) 51 •!>, 33; (have) 51
i>,^5T, (a shower) hlfi, 54;
(someone somewhere): - o ^ T
V \ < / O ^ T 1 T < , 2 4 4
take back: 51 i j i 51"t , 193
take care (of): ^h'è " t -5,140;
take care of yourself; fe' fzX M. • I . C / f e A ^ 1^,83
take off: (clothes, shoes) tó <', 54
tale: ii(Dfi^fz '), 129
talk; l ± 4 X / l t t , 54; fe' L V ' ' <
Ij * - f •5,61; talking; fe' L
' j , 61
tall; / C ? 5 H N / S V \ 19 tall; (of person) -tf 5" fzfi^x X - l f
f}^ S v \ i 9 tavern; VN^'TJ^^^, 60
taxi fare: ^ ' 7 v —/c'v \ 212 tea ceremony: ^ 51" 64 teacher: -If A-tfv ^ / ^ i , 26;
$ J; 9 L, 110
teleconference: r U t ' ^ H N $ " /
r U t : "^ ia , 56 temperature; fe' A 51", 243 terrace; • r 7 X , 4 2 test: L I t A, 107; x X h, 152; test
oneself against; fe J: 9 -If A t
•5, 140
than; — J; ' j , 6
thanks: fe'^^Mf ^ i T, 90; thanks
t o . . . ; fe'^SMt'T ,143
there: C,24i
thermos jug: -fe'-y V, 187
thick; * ) ' : 5 V \ 2 4
thief; 51".5If-7,191
thin; (narrow) (f-^v \ 2 4 ; (of
cloth, paper, etc.): • 9 - t v \ 24
thing: (abstract) C 51, i4o; (con
crete) 4 <D, i4o; thing left
behind; hi-Kij<D,3A; things
to do; J: -7 i : / f f l * , 7 0
think about: f}^Lfi'Xi>, 193
this/this one (here): (polite) C fe
fe, 19
throughout: ~ U rt) 9 106
throw away: "t" T 5,223
ticket; (for an event) i-'rr- V, 78
tidy up: 75^/colt'5,5i .•
time: (the time when ...) 51 $ ,
101; (in a broad sense) 3 6,129;
at that time: <0 Z 5,129; be on
time; t i e * . 9 / f a l 1=^7,132;
the whole time; t 51,104
time(s): (expressing frequency)
~ 7 j n N / l i J , 51
times: (double) l±"v^/ fè,20i
tired, get; o 7 ^ X 5 , 7 0
t o . . . ; (telling time) É x /
^ l ï , 76
toilet; V 4 I/, 159
tooth/teeth; l±, 60
touch (with),-get in; KL fe < " t
•5,92 tough: fzX^'^L (4.0 ,92
tour; 7 T - , 7 9 trading company; L J; 9 L 111 tradition: T X 51 9,175 traffic jam; U rt) 9 /=v \220 training: h U — 7 ^ 6 4 ; train
ing session; I t A L- rt) 9,157 .transferred, being; XLi L, 108 transportation, means of; 3 -7 o
•7 $ ^ X , 124
trash: CX, 193 tree: J /^K, 124 • triple: if A l f v ^ / 3 t ë , 208 trouble: h y TV!/, 239; be trou
bled: C i -S), 168 trust: L A f e v \ - f 5 , 2 1 4 Turkey: h 71/ 3 , 7 9 twenty years old: l i / c fe, 118 twice: I C ; J n \ / 2 lH l , 51 type: L 5 v \ 247
uh . . . : 9 ,19; X X 51,42 uncle: (one's own) fe L, 26;
(someone else's) fe L i5 A, 26 understand, I: ') t 1 -h^x \ 245;
(polite form) L J: 9 fe-f -S, I8I unfortunate: i5'"A:I^A (4.'), 143 university student: tz\ ^P' < -t+v ^
/ A ^ & , 1 1 8
us: 9 fe, 201
use: o;5^ 9,51; for use as: ~ J ; 9
/ ~ f f l , 1 9
vacant, become: < / & <, I8I vacation: $ rt 9 TJ", 15I; take a
vacation: i r)> j-ó^i 51 5,157 Vancouver: ^ < > 7 —•' , 27 vanish- $ X •5,221 various: v \ .5 v X (40, i4o; in
various ways: v \ .5 v X , 12 view: tcfi'iö, 79 vinegar: "t", I86 vinyl: (f—— 7l/, 39 virus: /f 7l/X,224 visible, be: ^xi>/M. X -5,165 visit: (lit, "play") *>^o',38;
(humble form) 9 ^'?J"^'9,132; (go to see) /c - f -5,211
visitor: (polite form) fe' $ ^ < if È, 56; having a visitor: fe v \ $ Af» < , 241
voice: 3 x , I68
waist: " ^ x x K 4 1 want to have: (ï L v \ 122 ward: (of a city) <, 247 warm: hfzfz-i'-x \ 118 wash: Si fe 9 ,60 watch out (for): fe rt) 9 \-f 5,213 way: A- fe, 119; way of ing:
' - v J ^ / : / ~ : ^ , 161 we: 9 fe, 201
wear: (shoes, pants, etc. over the feet) l± < ,9
website: / f e s — A - ^ — 1 8 1 ; 7 x K224
week: L rt) 9 //sS, 5 i ; per week: L rt) 9 I - / / J1 I - , 5I; the week afternext if fev ^ L rt) 9 / i 5
156 weekday: \ L o , 12 weight training: " ^x / f [> h U—
- y 9", 66
welcome: fe'^JX 5,56; welcome party; i^Xlf v ^T^H ^/^^Xlf V 91
well: i ( i ) ) , 209; well then: L ^ * , 8 6 ; ^ ^ T l l , i 8 i
west I- L / ® , 176 Western-style food; J; 9 L J: <,2i9 whale; < L fe, 177 what?: 63; X X 0 ,235
wheelchair: < 5 É v X , 158 when: 51 / a f , 101; (speaking
of likely or unlikely occurrence) ~ / i fe, I81; (speaking of natural, habitual, or inevitable result) -51,235
whether: 51" 9 T!)\ I65 which; Y'-o fe, 51'"fe fe, 235; which
one (of the two): 51" fe fe 4 , 4
white: L • 5 / Ó , 12
wide; (thick) > 51 v , 24 wild, the; ^ - t f v \ 174; wild ani
mals: ^-t+v^si"-? .r;o, 174 win: (a match) ^ " o , 172; (a lot
tery) *> 7c 5 , 204 winter; o^tj), ns
wish: il-i'\ \ 92; I wish .. .:^tc * ) , 201
with . . . : ~ o $ , 93 withdraw (money); feXt/T
i - f , 158 woman: L J; -If v \ 112 wonder. . . , I; ~7i^4. ' ( *> ) , 246 wonderful; - f C"v \ 201 • wool; ':!7 —7l / , 39 work; l±7c fe <, 132; can get
work LC"5l75 - 51 i f l 5 . / - f ± f ^ b^ 51^15,209; work of art if < ZAA, 188
wodd, the; -If TJH \ 174; all over the world -tf \ L rt) 9 / - t f V X , 129; world heritage site; -If
NV N if A, 177; wodd natural heritage site; -tf TJH \ L-tfAv N if A, 174
worned; L A l f v \ (4.0,93 worrywart L A l f v N L J: -7,191
would it be okay?; (polite form)
J;.5 L v ^ T L J: -7 ^M5i wow; 1 hh,2s; h-?, 125 wrap; o o f e \ 19 • wristwatch; 9 T5l"ltv \ 39
yawn; t> i lf,&9 year before last the: fe' 51 51 L, 79 year, within the: C 51 L L rt) 9 /
4"^'t', 123 years old; ~ i f v \ 106 ~-yellow: $ v \ ^ v \, 122 yoga; 3 i f , 51
2 9 7
Index
abbreviations, lie, 235. See also
contractions
able to see/hear, 165
adjectives: adverbial forms of, 84;
conditional forms of, 222; in the
-te form, acting as conjunctions,
35; negative form ~ < *> 'J i
^L instead of ^'j. 'v \ 83; plain
forms of, 121; stems of, followed
by if, 192; used in indirect ques
tions, 170; used to construct
modifying clauses, 134; used
with L / f l i - t f A, 182; used
with Y 106; used with 4.' 'j
i -f, 117; used with LX'-f, 88
adverbs: adverbial forms, 84,117;
for expressing frequency, 58;
\ \ > A vs. fix 116; -f -o K, 104; ^6^6,70 •
advice, asking for, 20,218
after, ~ T ^ X , 104
agreement, expressing with ^ 9
T L J: 1,116
assertions, expressing with J; U, 235
be, exist: humble form H 'J i -f,
I 8 I ; polite form C'if'v ^ i -f, 159
before, i X (1=) / I t ( lc), 103
become, ~ < / l = 4." U É t , 117
can see/hear, AXÈ - X
i -f, 165
case, if that is the, ^Kii: fe, 151
cause/reason: indicating with b^
fe/oOT; 152; indicating with T,
168; indicating with the -teform,
133,168; conditional (~ l f ) form,
222
change in state, describing a, 117,
202
coming/going/retuming to do
something, 38
comparisons, making, 6,8,21,23
completion: expressing with
fe, 194; expressing with ~ T L
É -7,218
conditional/if- statements, 222
conjunction, the -te form acting
as a, 34-35. See also <D T and
f}^ fe under particles
contractions/abbreviations, 206-07
contrast, 3,101
conversations, starting up, 3,51
counter: for age, 106; for build
ings, 245; for nights spent at a
hotel or an inn, 106; for ordinal
numbers, 143; for people, I 8 I ;
for times, 5 i , 58
cram schools, 116
decisions, expressing with 1- L
i t , 2 3
desu/masu style: 201,206
dictionary form, 53
duty, see necessity
explanations/explaining, 51,55,57,
83, 88
experiences, past, ZYb^ hi>,i3
family, 26
favors, asking, I5i
frequency, 58
giongo, 83
going somewhere to do some
thing and coming back, 85. See
a/so .coming
gratitude, expressing with tz-ff)^ ij i t , 165
guess, expressing with Y Hi)
"7,133
hesitation: expressing with i)<D
•7,19; expressing with if h, 3;
expressing with A T t , 83
honorific forms: C' fe A < ƒ•£" if v \
T < T'd'if V\187 honorific language: 206
humble forms: v ^/b L É t , I88;
V TcZ-c <, 151; n fj^fi^ 1,-[33; a To/-d-vNt5,i87; fe'j i t ,
I 8 I ; iVNi j i t , 181
hypothetical/if- statements, 204
inside groups vs. outside ones, 201
interjections: *> 19,33; i)<0
19; X-:>,42
interpretations, confirming with
^ 7 4 X T t , 1 0 2
interrogatives, see question words
intonation: falling, 3; rising, 83,116
invitations, preceded by Xb^-o
fz fe, 165
just, TÏlt, 218
linking related reasons, excuses,
thoughts with L, 165
modifying clauses, 134-35
nominalizing/nominalizer, 136,210
necessity, expressing with ^ ^ ' I t
Mi^£') i ^ A , 2 3 8 not yet, - ^ T v ^ i - l f A , 87
obligation, see necessity
object: nominalized sentence seg
ments serving as, 136; fl' used to
mark instead of i , 165
occurrence, likely or highly unlikely,
expressing with ~7c fe, 184
omission: in general, 19; of
t o p i c / h fz L, 3; of part óf a
question, 3,151; of particles, 4,
33,103,206; of CO -fx-liVn ^, 8; of 51" -7 fi^ in indirect ques
tions, 170
ongoing action, expressing with
~ T V N i t , 3 6
only, /•cl•t/L5*^218
opinion, expressing with 51 fe 4
7, 133
particle combinations: 101,207
particles: emotive, 206; omitting,
3, 4, 59, 206; fl', 36, 101, 136, 165;
fl-- fe, 101; /c'lt, 218; T, 34, 108, 168; 51, 236; -^.X, 201; ^£ 51", 175;
\Z, 11,33, 51, 58, 70; 19, 135,
207; \t, 101,136; (Ï 51", i5i; J; kX,
125; J;^a, 213; ^ 9 / ^ 9 j ; , 2 0 5 ;
^ , 59, 101, 165
periods of time, 58 plain forms: 52-53,71-72,121;
before L ^ i - t f A, I82;
before 51 in quotations, 122;
before 51 119; before <7) in
nominalized sentences, 136;
298
before (73 T , 152; before A T t , 56; in indirect questions, 170; in modifying clauses, 134; in sentence-final position, indicating tense and informality, 193
plain style: 52
polite language: 19,52,152,18I
polite forms: t i i 'i' i iS i , 56; fei5$l = / f c X l c , 83; fete"
L < /-cif v \ i 9 8 ; ti-oi IJ < t; ix\ 188; fe4-fey< fi-i\\ 188; fei fe < tii\\4o; Z'i' v ^ i t , 159; Z'i\^i^L,4o; Z'lx 9 ^ ^ N V ^ / b L i t , 101;
L J; 9 L J: 9 ,40 ; fzt;\^i, • 190; i L J; 9 ,166; '^/•ti'-fz,
18; fe fe, 19'
polite prefix: C:"~, I8I potential form, 154 prefixes: honorific C'^, 8; i v N--^,
62; polite C"---, I 8 I ; L 33
questions: ending in A T t ' i ' , 55; for asking someone's preference, 5; indirect, 170; omitting part of, 3,19,57; stalling rather than answering, 3; straightforward vs. soft-sounding, 33; using sentence fragments when asking, 19
question words: followed by to refer to indefinite places, things, or people, 4
quotation, direct and indirect, 122
reasons, indicating with A T ' t , 83. See a/so cause
requests: implying, 20; softening, 19 results: indicating with / ^ X / C O
T", 168; indicating with fe, 219; natural or habitual, indicating with 51,236
returning, see coming ryokan charges, I8I
some /any , 4
school, elementary and junior high, 116
spaces between kana/kanji, absence of in written Japanese, 129
states in effect, indicating with ~ T V N i t , 3 6
stopping in mid-sentence, 57,83 subject: changing the, 218;
nominalized sentence segments serving as, 136; specifying in an . indirect question, 170
suffixes: ^-/i^tz/^-^, 151; ^Ztp 1,106; ~ / i fe, 70;
~ f e rt 9 ,77 ; ~ Yia I j , 65, 246;
i j , 126; ~ i X,76; ~fe ' l t , 13
suggestions; asking for, 5,218;
declining, 57; giving, 86, 218; preceded by J: TJ^-P tz fe, 165
supposition, t L' used to express, 204
surprise: expressing with t C'v \ 201; expressing with ?,218
talking to oneself, 201
time: expressions for telling, 76; time frames, 156. See also when
titles of courtesy: if A, 51; fe ^ A , 116; < L, 157
topic maker/particle l±: omitted, 33; not used within a modifying clause, 135; b^ replacing, 133
topics: in sentences that express a comparison, 21; nominalized sentence segments serving as, 136; noun phrases identified as, 135
try and . . . , ~ T ^ i t , 9
uncertainty, expressing with b^ t L t L i - t i : A , i 8 2
verbs: conjugations of, 53; conditional (~ll*)forms of, 222; dictionary forms of, 53; intransitive and transitive, I86,242;
plain forms of, 52-53,71-72,121; potential forms of, 154; -fe forms of, 71; volitional forms of, 166
volitional form, I66
want to have, b' (Ï L v \ 122
way of ing, ^•b'^tz/16I when, Ü 106,119
299
J A P A N E S E F O R B U S Y P E O P L E I I : Revised 3"i Edit ion
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werkwoorden: betekenis / gebruik: - ' i ' ad jec t ives: betekenis / gebruik: . 'na ' ad jec t ives : betekenis 1 gebruik:
kak[ij + nai 'schrijf niet' naga|karo|+ u (péif 'het is misschien een beetje lang' hade|daro|+ u 'het is misschien een beetje kleunijk'
D-vornn ; kakjT] + masu 'schrijven' beleefdheidsvorm: masu-vorm naga|kal+ tta 'was lang" 1 hade[da}f tta 'was kieuniik""
U-votiïi'!; kakg 'schrijven' woordenboelworm 1 stam u nagai 'lang' woordenboek u hadepa;|da] 'kleurrijk" bijv. aan het eind van 'n zin, informeel
kak0 + toki 'geschreven' + tofe' (effsfancfig naamwoord) u nagai + toki. 'lang iets' + toki (zelfstandig naamv/oord) U 'jomi hadejnajf toki 'kleunijk iets' + toki (zelfstandig naamwoord)
3 kaklH + ba 'als 1 wanneer ik schrijf': staat voor tijdsperiode B-i/onrt '. naga|kere|+ ba 'a/s hef lang is' e-voi-iri I hade|nara|-t- ba 'als het kleumjk is'
1 1
kak0 + u 'schrijf!': gebiedende v/ijs O naga|kare|(!) 'wees lang!' (onbeleefd) O hadelnare| (!) 'wees kleumjk!' (onfcefeefdj
nagakunai: 1$ niet lang'
nagakunakatta: 'was niet lang'
hadeni dewa nai: 'is niet kieuaijk'
THE REVISED 3RD. EDITION OF JAPANESE FOR BUSY PEOPLE
In the 22 years since its publication, Japanese for Busy People has won acclaim worldwide as an effective, easy-to-understand textbook, either for classroom use or for independent study Now, in its first revision in more than a decade, the series is being redesigned, updated, and consolidated to meet the needs of today's students and businesspeople who want to learn natural, spoken Japanese as effectively as possible in a limited amount of time.
This new edition of the classic second volume will enable learners to make an unprecedented smooth transition from mid-beginner-level to intermediate-level Japanese. Picking up where Japanese for Busy People I left off, the text goes beyond survival Japanese, turning to the basics of Japanese syntax. Topics covered include plain forms of verbs and adjectives; compound sentences; modifying, temporal ("when"), and conditional ("if") clauses; potential and volitional forms; and direct and indirect quotation. By the end of the book, learners will have acquired through a senes of concise grammatical explanations and extensive speaking and listening exercises a command of Japanese that will enable them to carry on a variety of daily conversations.
Japanese for Busy People II: Revised 3rd Edition features:
» A free CD containing 4 7 minutes of listening practice based on 9 4 dialogues intro
duced in the book
« 1 6 0 kanji (Chinese characters used in Japanese), with ample space to practice
writing them
e Over 3 5 0 illustrations to make the learning process both fun and effective
e 1 7 reading tasks
e Quizzes that allow learners to test their understanding . ,
<• Usage, culture, and style notes
The Japanese for Busy People series has been prepared under the guidance of a working
•group of experienced language instructors who reviewed and tested the material in
their classrooms.
About the Authors The Assoc ia t ion f o r Japanese-Language Teaching (AJALT) w a s establ ished t o mee t t h e pract ical .
needs o f peop le w h o w i sh t o c o m m u n i c a t e ef fect ive ly in Japanese. In 1 9 7 7 i t w a s recogn ized
as a n o n p r o f i t o rgan iza t i on by Japan's Min is t ry o f Educa t ion . In 1 9 9 2 i t w a s a w a r d e d t h e Japan
Founda t i on Special Prize.