japan coal phase-out...(2) deluge of coal plant construction plans after tepco's fukushima...
TRANSCRIPT
Japan CoalPhase-Out:The Path to Phase-Out by 2030
2 3
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
2
Japan Coal Phase-Out:The Path to Phase-Out by 2030
Summary: Japan should completely phase out coal by 2030.
█Coal-firedpowergenerationemitsmorecarbondioxide(CO2) thananyothermethodof
generatingelectricity.Inordertoachievenetzeroemissionsofgreenhousegases(GHGs)
ascalled forunder theParisAgreement, it iscrucial toquicklydecarbonizeourenergy
sources.Accordingtoseveralresearchreports,thatmeansweneedtocompletelyphase
outcoalpowerplants,whichobviouslymeanshaltingnewcoalplantconstructionandalso
strategicallyretiringexistingplants.Forcoal-firedpowergenerationinJapan,thecountry
mustcancelallcurrentplanning fornewconstruction,andalso retireallexistingcoal
powerplantsby2030
█Therewere117unitsatexistingcoalpowerplants inJapanasofApril2018,basedon
governmentstatisticsandpubliclyavailable information,andthisnumber includesmany
olderandinefficientplantsthathavebeenoperatingover40years.
█TheJapan2030CoalPhase-OutPlanpresentsascheduletograduallyretireall117units
atexistingcoalpowerplantsinJapanby2030,startingwiththeoldestoperatingandleast
efficientplants.Thisplan isentirelyachievablewithout threatening theelectricalpower
supplyandwithout relyingonnuclearpower, ifwe take intoaccount for theavailable
capacityofLNGandotherpowergenerationoptions,aswellasthespreadofrenewable
energyandimprovementsinenergyefficiency.
█Thetotalof117unitsincludes8unitsamongthe50unitsplannedfornewconstructionin
2012andlater,thathadalreadybegunoperatingasofApril2018.ThisPlanproposesto
retireallof themby2030.Units thathadnotyetstartedoperatingasofApril2018have
notbeenincludedinthisPlan,basedonthepremisethattheirplansshouldbecancelled
beforetheunitsstartoperating.
█TheJapanesegovernmentshoulddeviseadetailedpathforcoalretirementassuggested
in thisreport, formulateanofficialJapan2030CoalPhase-OutPlan,andgive itahigh
priorityaspartofa long-termlowgreenhousegasemissiondevelopmentstrategy.With
thisplanasabasis,JapanneedstoincreaseitsGHGemissionreductiontargetstomatch
theParisAgreement,promoteacceleratedinitiativesforrenewablesandenergyefficiency,
andrealize theearliestpossible transition toadecarbonizedsociety, throughaquick
withdrawalfromfossilfueldependency.Thegovernment,companiesandoperatorsmust
alsodisclosemoredataandinformation,sinceitiscurrentlydifficulttoaccessandverify
theactualsituationregardingunitsatexistingplantsandthecapacityfactorofeach,etc.
Contents
Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------------------p3
MainReport
1. StatusofCoalPowerGenerationinJapan ------------------------------p4
(1) Coalpowergenerationrosesteadilysince1980
(2) DelugeofcoalplantconstructionplansafterTEPCO's
FukushimaDaiichinuclearaccident
(3) Morethan100unitsatexistingcoalplants
(4) TotalcapacityofcoalpowerplantsinJapan
2. JapanCoalPhase-OutPlan -------------------------------------------------p9
(1) Theneedtocompletelyphaseoutcoalpowerby2030
(2) JapanCoalPhase-OutPlan
(3) Impactsonelectricalpowersupply
3. ImplementingthePhase-OutPlan ---------------------------------------p17
(1) Immediaterevisionofcurrentpolicydirectionsisneeded
(2) Timetostartthediscussion
AppendixI.ListofCoalPowerPlantsProposedin2012orLater ----p20
AppendixII.Thenumberofexistingpowerplants
(Comparison betweengovernmentalElectricPower
StatisticsandKikoNetworkresearch) -----------------------------p22front cover ： Photo by (c)Tomo.Yun
2 3
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
2
Japan Coal Phase-Out:The Path to Phase-Out by 2030
Summary: Japan should completely phase out coal by 2030.
█Coal-firedpowergenerationemitsmorecarbondioxide(CO2) thananyothermethodof
generatingelectricity.Inordertoachievenetzeroemissionsofgreenhousegases(GHGs)
ascalled forunder theParisAgreement, it iscrucial toquicklydecarbonizeourenergy
sources.Accordingtoseveralresearchreports,thatmeansweneedtocompletelyphase
outcoalpowerplants,whichobviouslymeanshaltingnewcoalplantconstructionandalso
strategicallyretiringexistingplants.Forcoal-firedpowergenerationinJapan,thecountry
mustcancelallcurrentplanning fornewconstruction,andalso retireallexistingcoal
powerplantsby2030
█Therewere117unitsatexistingcoalpowerplants inJapanasofApril2018,basedon
governmentstatisticsandpubliclyavailable information,andthisnumber includesmany
olderandinefficientplantsthathavebeenoperatingover40years.
█TheJapan2030CoalPhase-OutPlanpresentsascheduletograduallyretireall117units
atexistingcoalpowerplantsinJapanby2030,startingwiththeoldestoperatingandleast
efficientplants.Thisplan isentirelyachievablewithout threatening theelectricalpower
supplyandwithout relyingonnuclearpower, ifwe take intoaccount for theavailable
capacityofLNGandotherpowergenerationoptions,aswellasthespreadofrenewable
energyandimprovementsinenergyefficiency.
█Thetotalof117unitsincludes8unitsamongthe50unitsplannedfornewconstructionin
2012andlater,thathadalreadybegunoperatingasofApril2018.ThisPlanproposesto
retireallof themby2030.Units thathadnotyetstartedoperatingasofApril2018have
notbeenincludedinthisPlan,basedonthepremisethattheirplansshouldbecancelled
beforetheunitsstartoperating.
█TheJapanesegovernmentshoulddeviseadetailedpathforcoalretirementassuggested
in thisreport, formulateanofficialJapan2030CoalPhase-OutPlan,andgive itahigh
priorityaspartofa long-termlowgreenhousegasemissiondevelopmentstrategy.With
thisplanasabasis,JapanneedstoincreaseitsGHGemissionreductiontargetstomatch
theParisAgreement,promoteacceleratedinitiativesforrenewablesandenergyefficiency,
andrealize theearliestpossible transition toadecarbonizedsociety, throughaquick
withdrawalfromfossilfueldependency.Thegovernment,companiesandoperatorsmust
alsodisclosemoredataandinformation,sinceitiscurrentlydifficulttoaccessandverify
theactualsituationregardingunitsatexistingplantsandthecapacityfactorofeach,etc.
Contents
Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------------------p3
MainReport
1. StatusofCoalPowerGenerationinJapan ------------------------------p4
(1) Coalpowergenerationrosesteadilysince1980
(2) DelugeofcoalplantconstructionplansafterTEPCO's
FukushimaDaiichinuclearaccident
(3) Morethan100unitsatexistingcoalplants
(4) TotalcapacityofcoalpowerplantsinJapan
2. JapanCoalPhase-OutPlan -------------------------------------------------p9
(1) Theneedtocompletelyphaseoutcoalpowerby2030
(2) JapanCoalPhase-OutPlan
(3) Impactsonelectricalpowersupply
3. ImplementingthePhase-OutPlan ---------------------------------------p17
(1) Immediaterevisionofcurrentpolicydirectionsisneeded
(2) Timetostartthediscussion
AppendixI.ListofCoalPowerPlantsProposedin2012orLater ----p20
AppendixII.Thenumberofexistingpowerplants
(Comparison betweengovernmentalElectricPower
StatisticsandKikoNetworkresearch) -----------------------------p22front cover ： Photo by (c)Tomo.Yun
4 5
JapanCoalP
hase-Out:TheP
athtoPhase-O
utby2030
governmentdecided toaccelerateenvironmentalassessmentprocessesasreplacement
tonewplantscouldonly improve inenvironmentalperformance.1Thegovernmentalso
introducedabiddingprocessfor thermalpowergeneration tobringdownelectricitycosts
aftertheaccident.2Thisactedasasigntogoaheadwithnewcoalplantconstruction,which
hadatonepointbeenhaltedundertheKyotoProtocol.Sincethen,startingwithaninvitation
tobidforTEPCO'splant, therewasadelugeofcoalplantconstructionplans.Todealwith
projectedcoalplantCO2emissions,anagreementat the levelofbureaudirectorbetween
theMinistryofEconomy,Tradeand Industryand theMinistryof theEnvironmentcalled
forelectricutilities tospecify targets thatmatchedwithnationalplans,andto indicate the
responsibleentities,butsofartheseconditionsdonotappeartohavehadanyconstraining
effect.3Inaddition,Japan'sfourthStrategicEnergyPlanin2014identifiesnuclearandcoal
as“importantbaseloadelectricitysources,”andwiththefifthStrategicEnergyPlanin2018
reiteratingthesameapproach,newcoalpowerobtainedauthorizationfromthegovernment.4
In theActConcerning theRationalUseofEnergy,METIestablishedseparateelectricity
generationefficiencystandards fornewplantsandexistingplants,andanordinance for
enforcementoftheActonthePromotionofUseofNon-fossilEnergySourcesandEffective
UseofFossilEnergyMaterialsbyEnergySupplierswasamendedtorequirecompaniesto
aimfora44%non-fossilenergysourceratio in2030,but themajorityof the50newcoal
powerunits racedahead towardconstructionandoperationwithoutanymodifications,
andalreadyeightunitshavestartedoperating.Amongthe50,plansforsevenunitswere
announcedtobescrappedattheplanningstageduetofactorssuchaslocaloppositionand
managementdecisions inresponsetochangingbusinessconditions,butasofSeptember
30,2018,thisstillleft35unitswithplansgoingahead(seeAppendixIonp.16).5
1 Ministryof theEnvironment(2012)“Guidelinesonrationalizingenvironmental impactassessmentmethodologiesrelating tothermalpowerplantreplacement”(inJapanese).
2 AgencyforNaturalResourcesandEnergy(2012)“Guidancerelatingtooperationofbiddingfornewthermalpowergeneration”(inJapanese).
3 Ministryof theEnvironment (2013)“SummaryofBureauDirectors'meetingon thermalpowergenerationbidding forTokyoElectricPowerCompany”(inJapanese).
4 AgencyforNaturalResourcesandEnergy(2018)“FifthStrategicEnergyPlan”(inJapanese).5 KikoNetwork(2018)“JapanCoalPlantTracker”(http://sekitan.jp/plant-map/en)“Listofproposedplants”(asofApril30,2018).
1 Status of Coal Power Generation in Japan (1) Coal power generation rose steadily since 1980
AsJapan'sdependencyonnuclearpowergrewaftertheoilshockinthe1970s,sotoodid
theamountofelectricitygeneratedbyburningcoal.Thegovernmenthaspromotednuclear
powerasameansofaddressingclimatechange,butnuclearpowergenerationpeakedin
the late1990sandsince then thermalpowergeneration from theburningofcoaland
liquefiednaturalgas(LNG)hasgrownsteadily(Figure1).
Figure 1. Electricity Production in Japan
Source:2018AnnualReportonEnergy,AgencyforNaturalResourcesandEnergy
(2) Deluge of coal plant construction plans after TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident
AftertheMarch2011accidentattheTokyoElectricPowerCompany's(TEPCO)Fukushima
Daiichinuclearpowerplant,governmentsandpowercompaniesmadeadramaticshift
towardtheconstructionofcoalpowerplants. In termsofreplacingcoalplant facilities, the
4 5
JapanCoalP
hase-Out:TheP
athtoPhase-O
utby2030
governmentdecided toaccelerateenvironmentalassessmentprocessesasreplacement
tonewplantscouldonly improve inenvironmentalperformance.1Thegovernmentalso
introducedabiddingprocessfor thermalpowergeneration tobringdownelectricitycosts
aftertheaccident.2Thisactedasasigntogoaheadwithnewcoalplantconstruction,which
hadatonepointbeenhaltedundertheKyotoProtocol.Sincethen,startingwithaninvitation
tobidforTEPCO'splant, therewasadelugeofcoalplantconstructionplans.Todealwith
projectedcoalplantCO2emissions,anagreementat the levelofbureaudirectorbetween
theMinistryofEconomy,Tradeand Industryand theMinistryof theEnvironmentcalled
forelectricutilities tospecify targets thatmatchedwithnationalplans,andto indicate the
responsibleentities,butsofartheseconditionsdonotappeartohavehadanyconstraining
effect.3Inaddition,Japan'sfourthStrategicEnergyPlanin2014identifiesnuclearandcoal
as“importantbaseloadelectricitysources,”andwiththefifthStrategicEnergyPlanin2018
reiteratingthesameapproach,newcoalpowerobtainedauthorizationfromthegovernment.4
In theActConcerning theRationalUseofEnergy,METIestablishedseparateelectricity
generationefficiencystandards fornewplantsandexistingplants,andanordinance for
enforcementoftheActonthePromotionofUseofNon-fossilEnergySourcesandEffective
UseofFossilEnergyMaterialsbyEnergySupplierswasamendedtorequirecompaniesto
aimfora44%non-fossilenergysourceratio in2030,but themajorityof the50newcoal
powerunits racedahead towardconstructionandoperationwithoutanymodifications,
andalreadyeightunitshavestartedoperating.Amongthe50,plansforsevenunitswere
announcedtobescrappedattheplanningstageduetofactorssuchaslocaloppositionand
managementdecisions inresponsetochangingbusinessconditions,butasofSeptember
30,2018,thisstillleft35unitswithplansgoingahead(seeAppendixIonp.16).5
1 Ministryof theEnvironment(2012)“Guidelinesonrationalizingenvironmental impactassessmentmethodologiesrelating tothermalpowerplantreplacement”(inJapanese).
2 AgencyforNaturalResourcesandEnergy(2012)“Guidancerelatingtooperationofbiddingfornewthermalpowergeneration”(inJapanese).
3 Ministryof theEnvironment (2013)“SummaryofBureauDirectors'meetingon thermalpowergenerationbidding forTokyoElectricPowerCompany”(inJapanese).
4 AgencyforNaturalResourcesandEnergy(2018)“FifthStrategicEnergyPlan”(inJapanese).5 KikoNetwork(2018)“JapanCoalPlantTracker”(http://sekitan.jp/plant-map/en)“Listofproposedplants”(asofApril30,2018).
1 Status of Coal Power Generation in Japan (1) Coal power generation rose steadily since 1980
AsJapan'sdependencyonnuclearpowergrewaftertheoilshockinthe1970s,sotoodid
theamountofelectricitygeneratedbyburningcoal.Thegovernmenthaspromotednuclear
powerasameansofaddressingclimatechange,butnuclearpowergenerationpeakedin
the late1990sandsince then thermalpowergeneration from theburningofcoaland
liquefiednaturalgas(LNG)hasgrownsteadily(Figure1).
Figure 1. Electricity Production in Japan
Source:2018AnnualReportonEnergy,AgencyforNaturalResourcesandEnergy
(2) Deluge of coal plant construction plans after TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident
AftertheMarch2011accidentattheTokyoElectricPowerCompany's(TEPCO)Fukushima
Daiichinuclearpowerplant,governmentsandpowercompaniesmadeadramaticshift
towardtheconstructionofcoalpowerplants. In termsofreplacingcoalplant facilities, the
6 7
JapanCoalP
hase-Out:TheP
athtoPhase-O
utby2030
(4) Total capacity of coal power plants in Japan
Thetotalcapacityofexistingandnewlyplannedcoalplantswouldamountto60,209MWif
retirementwasnotconsidered(Figure3).
Figure 3. Capacity of Coal Power Plants in Japan (existing + new, no retirements)
Source:KikoNetwork,JapanCoalPlantTrack
Capacity(M
W)
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
-10,000
USCover40years
USClessthan40years
SClessthan40years
SCover40years
USC&IGCCnew
Sub-CNew
Sub-Clessthan40years
Retirement Sub-Cover40years
(3) More than 100 units at existing coal plants
Inthepreparationofthisreport,117units(44,119MW)couldbeidentifiedatexistingcoal-
firedthermalpowerplantsinJapanbasedonstatisticsandcompanyreports(SeeAppendix
IIonp.18).6Thatnumberincludes22units(4,205MW)thathadbeenoperatingatleast40
yearsasofApril2018andsomeolderunitsapproachingsixtyyearsinoperation.Meanwhile,
58unitsarestillrelativelynew,havingoperatedfor lessthan20years(Figure2).It isalso
obvious that therewas literallyaconstructionrace tobuild themostcoalplantsafter the
adoptionoftheKyotoProtocolin1997andbeforethestartofthefirstcommitmentperiodin
2007.
With theexceptionof fourunits7 thatareclearlyscheduled tobedemolishedafterbeing
replacedwithnewones,therearenootherobviousretirementplansforgenerationfacilities.
Inaddition, informationdisclosure isextremelypoorregardingactualoperations, including
olderplants,asitisnotpossiblefromavailableinformationtodetermineoperatingratiosunit-
by-unit,suchascapacityfactorsortheemissionsofCO2andotherairpollutants.
Figure 2. Existing Coal Power Plants (by years in operation)
Source:KikoNetwork,JapanCoalPlantTracker
6 FromKikoNetwork(2018)“JapanCoalPlantTracker”(http://sekitan.jp/plant-map/en)“Listofexistingplants”(asofSeptember2018).For informationonelectricitygeneration facilities, the “Catalogofequipment in thermalandnuclearpowerplants”(ThermalandNuclearPowerEngineeringSociety,FY2017revisededition, inJapanese)wasreferenced.ThetotalnumberincludesTakeharaformerUnit1(retired2017)andformerUnit2(retired2018).Thepresentreport includes8unitsatplantsthataremonitoredasnewplanssince2012andhavingstartedoperationasofApril2018.Notethatthisreportdrawsitsownnumbersfromoperators'reportsandotherpubliclyavailableinformation,asthe“ElectricPowerStatistics”fromJapan'sAgencyforNaturalResourcesandEnergy(2018)doesnotclearlyprovideallpowerplantnumbersanddoesnotpublishthenumberofunitsateachplant.
7 TakeharaformerUnit1(retired2017),TakeharaformerUnit2(retired2018),ToyamaShinkouformerUnit1(retires2021),SaijoformerUnit1(retires2024).
Over40yrs 30-39yrs 20-29yrs 10-19yrs Lessthan9yyrs (Before1977) (1978-1987) (1988-1997) (1998-2007) (After2008)
Cpapacity(MW) No.
6 7
JapanCoalP
hase-Out:TheP
athtoPhase-O
utby2030
(4) Total capacity of coal power plants in Japan
Thetotalcapacityofexistingandnewlyplannedcoalplantswouldamountto60,209MWif
retirementwasnotconsidered(Figure3).
Figure 3. Capacity of Coal Power Plants in Japan (existing + new, no retirements)
Source:KikoNetwork,JapanCoalPlantTrack
Capacity(M
W)
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
-10,000
USCover40years
USClessthan40years
SClessthan40years
SCover40years
USC&IGCCnew
Sub-CNew
Sub-Clessthan40years
Retirement Sub-Cover40years
(3) More than 100 units at existing coal plants
Inthepreparationofthisreport,117units(44,119MW)couldbeidentifiedatexistingcoal-
firedthermalpowerplantsinJapanbasedonstatisticsandcompanyreports(SeeAppendix
IIonp.18).6Thatnumberincludes22units(4,205MW)thathadbeenoperatingatleast40
yearsasofApril2018andsomeolderunitsapproachingsixtyyearsinoperation.Meanwhile,
58unitsarestillrelativelynew,havingoperatedfor lessthan20years(Figure2).It isalso
obvious that therewas literallyaconstructionrace tobuild themostcoalplantsafter the
adoptionoftheKyotoProtocolin1997andbeforethestartofthefirstcommitmentperiodin
2007.
With theexceptionof fourunits7 thatareclearlyscheduled tobedemolishedafterbeing
replacedwithnewones,therearenootherobviousretirementplansforgenerationfacilities.
Inaddition, informationdisclosure isextremelypoorregardingactualoperations, including
olderplants,asitisnotpossiblefromavailableinformationtodetermineoperatingratiosunit-
by-unit,suchascapacityfactorsortheemissionsofCO2andotherairpollutants.
Figure 2. Existing Coal Power Plants (by years in operation)
Source:KikoNetwork,JapanCoalPlantTracker
6 FromKikoNetwork(2018)“JapanCoalPlantTracker”(http://sekitan.jp/plant-map/en)“Listofexistingplants”(asofSeptember2018).For informationonelectricitygeneration facilities, the “Catalogofequipment in thermalandnuclearpowerplants”(ThermalandNuclearPowerEngineeringSociety,FY2017revisededition, inJapanese)wasreferenced.ThetotalnumberincludesTakeharaformerUnit1(retired2017)andformerUnit2(retired2018).Thepresentreport includes8unitsatplantsthataremonitoredasnewplanssince2012andhavingstartedoperationasofApril2018.Notethatthisreportdrawsitsownnumbersfromoperators'reportsandotherpubliclyavailableinformation,asthe“ElectricPowerStatistics”fromJapan'sAgencyforNaturalResourcesandEnergy(2018)doesnotclearlyprovideallpowerplantnumbersanddoesnotpublishthenumberofunitsateachplant.
7 TakeharaformerUnit1(retired2017),TakeharaformerUnit2(retired2018),ToyamaShinkouformerUnit1(retires2021),SaijoformerUnit1(retires2024).
Over40yrs 30-39yrs 20-29yrs 10-19yrs Lessthan9yyrs (Before1977) (1978-1987) (1988-1997) (1998-2007) (After2008)
Cpapacity(MW) No.
8 9
JapanCoalP
hase-Out:TheP
athtoPhase-O
utby2030
2 Japan Coal Phase-Out Plan
(1) The need to completely phase out coal power by 2030
Accordingtoseveralresearchreports, toachievethegoalsof limitingwarmingtobetween
1.5andwellbelow2ºC,itisnecessarytoreachzeroemissionsofCO2fromenergyin2050,8
andtheIPCC“GlobalWarmingof1.5ºC”specialreportshowsthatinallscenariostheonly
waytolimitthetemperatureriseto1.5ºCistopracticallyphaseoutcoalpowergeneration.9
Inotherwords, inorder tobeconsistentwith theParisAgreement,notasinglenewcoal-
burningelectricalgenerationunitcanbeconstructed,existingplantsneedtobereduced
innumber,anddevelopedcountriesneedtoachieveacompletephase-outby2030.10This
phase-outby2030alsoappliestoJapanasadevelopedcountry.11Basedonthisreality,a
growingnumberofnationalandsub-nationalgovernmentshavebeendevelopingpoliciesto
phaseoutcoalandstopprovidingforeignassistanceforcoalplants,andmorecompanies
arejoiningthistrendaswell.12
Despite therising international tideofdecarbonization,Japanhasnotyet revealedplans
to retireexistingplantsand in fact ismovingaheadwitha largenumberslated fornew
constructionandexpandingcoalpower facilitiesonasurprisingscale.Notonly is this
incompatiblewiththeParisAgreement,itisalsogoingincompletelytheoppositedirectionof
globaleffortstoaddressclimatechangeandwillworsenairpollutionwhereplantsarebeing
constructed.AstheworldmovestowardadecarbonizedsocietyundertheParisAgreement,
thisalsomeansthatJapanwillhaveexcessfacilitiesthatmusteventuallystopoperatingat
somepointinthefuture,whichinevitablycomeswithmajoreconomicrisks.
Likeothercountriesthatareaimingforacoalphase-outby2030,itisJapan'sresponsibilityasa
memberstateoftheParisAgreementtoimmediatelychangethedirectionofitspolicies,stopthe
8 Ecofys(2016)“TheIncompatibilityofHigh-EfficientCoalTechnologywith2˚CScenarios.”9 IPCC(2018)“Globalwarmingof1.5ºC:SummaryforPolicymakers.”10 ClimateAnalytics (2015): “TheCoalGap”says thatdevelopedcountriesmustphaseoutcoalpowerby2030.Also, “The
IncompatibilityofHigh-EfficientCoalTechnologywith2˚CScenarios”byEcofys(2016)pointsoutthatevenwithhighefficiencycoalpower,newfacilitiescannotbebuiltinordertobeconsistentwith2ºCscenario.
11 ClimateAnalytics(2018)“Sciencebasedcoalphase-outtimelineforJapan-Implicationsforpolicymakersandinvestors.”12 ThePoweringPastCoalAlliance(PPCA,https://poweringpastcoal.org/)currently includes28nationaland19sub-national
governmentsplus28corporationsandorganizations thathavedeclaredacoalphase-out.ThePPCAdeclarationhasthreeparts:(1)Governmentmemberscommit tophasingoutexistingunabatedcoalpowergeneration(i.e.,withoutcarboncaptureandstorage). (2)Businessandothernon-governmentmemberscommit topowering theiroperationswithoutcoal. (3)Allmemberscommit tosupportingcleanpowergenerationthroughtheirpoliciesandinvestments,andtorestrictingfinancingforunabatedcoalpowergeneration.
Assuming thatallnewlyplannedplantswereconstructedandoperatedandeachone is
retiredafter40years, the totalcapacitywouldpeak in2026at51,367MWanddecline
thereafter (Figure4).However,even in2050, thenewlyplannedandconstructedplants
wouldnotyethaveoperated40years,andremainingplantcapacitywouldstillbenearly
20,000MW.
Inorder tomeet theParisAgreement'sgoal,completedecarbonization is required in the
energysectorby2050toavoid2ºCofwarming,anditmustbeachievedevenearliertoavoid
1.5ºCofwarming.However,Japan'scurrentplans tobuildmanynewcoalpowerplants
will leadtomany largeonesremaining inoperationevenafter2050.This isanenormous
problem.
Figure 4. Electrical Generation Capacity of Coal Plants in Japan
(existing + new, retiring after 40 years)
Source:PreparedbyKikoNetwork
Capacity(M
W)
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
-20,000
-40,000
USC&IGCCNew
SCRetirement
USCRetirement
USC
SC
Sub-C
Sub-CNew
Sub-CRetirement
8 9
JapanCoalP
hase-Out:TheP
athtoPhase-O
utby2030
2 Japan Coal Phase-Out Plan
(1) The need to completely phase out coal power by 2030
Accordingtoseveralresearchreports, toachievethegoalsof limitingwarmingtobetween
1.5andwellbelow2ºC,itisnecessarytoreachzeroemissionsofCO2fromenergyin2050,8
andtheIPCC“GlobalWarmingof1.5ºC”specialreportshowsthatinallscenariostheonly
waytolimitthetemperatureriseto1.5ºCistopracticallyphaseoutcoalpowergeneration.9
Inotherwords, inorder tobeconsistentwith theParisAgreement,notasinglenewcoal-
burningelectricalgenerationunitcanbeconstructed,existingplantsneedtobereduced
innumber,anddevelopedcountriesneedtoachieveacompletephase-outby2030.10This
phase-outby2030alsoappliestoJapanasadevelopedcountry.11Basedonthisreality,a
growingnumberofnationalandsub-nationalgovernmentshavebeendevelopingpoliciesto
phaseoutcoalandstopprovidingforeignassistanceforcoalplants,andmorecompanies
arejoiningthistrendaswell.12
Despite therising international tideofdecarbonization,Japanhasnotyet revealedplans
to retireexistingplantsand in fact ismovingaheadwitha largenumberslated fornew
constructionandexpandingcoalpower facilitiesonasurprisingscale.Notonly is this
incompatiblewiththeParisAgreement,itisalsogoingincompletelytheoppositedirectionof
globaleffortstoaddressclimatechangeandwillworsenairpollutionwhereplantsarebeing
constructed.AstheworldmovestowardadecarbonizedsocietyundertheParisAgreement,
thisalsomeansthatJapanwillhaveexcessfacilitiesthatmusteventuallystopoperatingat
somepointinthefuture,whichinevitablycomeswithmajoreconomicrisks.
Likeothercountriesthatareaimingforacoalphase-outby2030,itisJapan'sresponsibilityasa
memberstateoftheParisAgreementtoimmediatelychangethedirectionofitspolicies,stopthe
8 Ecofys(2016)“TheIncompatibilityofHigh-EfficientCoalTechnologywith2˚CScenarios.”9 IPCC(2018)“Globalwarmingof1.5ºC:SummaryforPolicymakers.”10 ClimateAnalytics (2015): “TheCoalGap”says thatdevelopedcountriesmustphaseoutcoalpowerby2030.Also, “The
IncompatibilityofHigh-EfficientCoalTechnologywith2˚CScenarios”byEcofys(2016)pointsoutthatevenwithhighefficiencycoalpower,newfacilitiescannotbebuiltinordertobeconsistentwith2ºCscenario.
11 ClimateAnalytics(2018)“Sciencebasedcoalphase-outtimelineforJapan-Implicationsforpolicymakersandinvestors.”12 ThePoweringPastCoalAlliance(PPCA,https://poweringpastcoal.org/)currently includes28nationaland19sub-national
governmentsplus28corporationsandorganizations thathavedeclaredacoalphase-out.ThePPCAdeclarationhasthreeparts:(1)Governmentmemberscommit tophasingoutexistingunabatedcoalpowergeneration(i.e.,withoutcarboncaptureandstorage). (2)Businessandothernon-governmentmemberscommit topowering theiroperationswithoutcoal. (3)Allmemberscommit tosupportingcleanpowergenerationthroughtheirpoliciesandinvestments,andtorestrictingfinancingforunabatedcoalpowergeneration.
Assuming thatallnewlyplannedplantswereconstructedandoperatedandeachone is
retiredafter40years, the totalcapacitywouldpeak in2026at51,367MWanddecline
thereafter (Figure4).However,even in2050, thenewlyplannedandconstructedplants
wouldnotyethaveoperated40years,andremainingplantcapacitywouldstillbenearly
20,000MW.
Inorder tomeet theParisAgreement'sgoal,completedecarbonization is required in the
energysectorby2050toavoid2ºCofwarming,anditmustbeachievedevenearliertoavoid
1.5ºCofwarming.However,Japan'scurrentplans tobuildmanynewcoalpowerplants
will leadtomany largeonesremaining inoperationevenafter2050.This isanenormous
problem.
Figure 4. Electrical Generation Capacity of Coal Plants in Japan
(existing + new, retiring after 40 years)
Source:PreparedbyKikoNetwork
Capacity(M
W)
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
-20,000
-40,000
USC&IGCCNew
SCRetirement
USCRetirement
USC
SC
Sub-C
Sub-CNew
Sub-CRetirement
10 11
JapanCoalP
hase-Out:TheP
athtoPhase-O
utby2030
Detailsofthephase-outplanareshowninFigure5.Generationcapacitygraduallydeclines
tozerobetween2019and2030.ThedetailsofunitstoberetiredareshowninTable2.
Figure 5. Schedule for Japan Coal Phase-Out Plan
Source:PreparedbyKikoNetwork
newconstructionandoperationofcoalplants,andacceleratetheretirementofexistingplants.
(2) Japan Coal Phase-Out Plan
Tophaseoutcoalby2030,mostimportantly,coalplantsthatarecurrentlyplannedorunder
constructionmustallbestoppedbefore theystartingoperating.Thesenewplantscould
potentiallycontinueoperatinguntil2050orevenafter,so ifplansproceeded,Japan'spath
todecarbonizationwouldbecomemoredifficult.Consideringthat theconstructionofmany
plantshasalreadybegun,andtheremainingplansarenearingtheendoftheirenvironmental
assessmentprocesses,decisionsneedtobemadenowtocancelthemimmediately.
Basedonthepremisethatplantsplannedcurrentlyorunderconstructionwillnotoperate,
thisreportherebypresentsaplantophaseoutallexisting117unitsatcoalplantsinJapan
by2030.Theproposedapproachis tosequenceplantretirementsstartingwithplantsthat
havebeenoperatingthe longestandhavethe lowestefficiency(Table1). In theproposal,
theleastefficientSub-Critical(Sub-C)plantswouldberetiredby2022,theSupercritical(SC)
plantsby2025,andtheUltra-Supercritical(USC)plantsby2030.
Table 1. Coal Power Technology and Phase-Out Period
Technology Generationcapacity(%) CO2emissions(g-CO2/kWh)
Phase-outperiod(yearsofretirement)
Sub-critical(Sub-C) 39.1 865 4years(2018-2022)Supercritical(SC) 41.3 817 6years(2021-2025)
Ultra-supercritical(USC) 42.6 785 5years(2026-2030) Source:KikoNetwork
SC
Sub-C
USC
Sub-CNew
USCRetirements
Sub-CRetirements
SC Retirements
Capacity(M
W)
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
-10,000
-20,000
-30,000
-40,000
10 11
JapanCoalP
hase-Out:TheP
athtoPhase-O
utby2030
Detailsofthephase-outplanareshowninFigure5.Generationcapacitygraduallydeclines
tozerobetween2019and2030.ThedetailsofunitstoberetiredareshowninTable2.
Figure 5. Schedule for Japan Coal Phase-Out Plan
Source:PreparedbyKikoNetwork
newconstructionandoperationofcoalplants,andacceleratetheretirementofexistingplants.
(2) Japan Coal Phase-Out Plan
Tophaseoutcoalby2030,mostimportantly,coalplantsthatarecurrentlyplannedorunder
constructionmustallbestoppedbefore theystartingoperating.Thesenewplantscould
potentiallycontinueoperatinguntil2050orevenafter,so ifplansproceeded,Japan'spath
todecarbonizationwouldbecomemoredifficult.Consideringthat theconstructionofmany
plantshasalreadybegun,andtheremainingplansarenearingtheendoftheirenvironmental
assessmentprocesses,decisionsneedtobemadenowtocancelthemimmediately.
Basedonthepremisethatplantsplannedcurrentlyorunderconstructionwillnotoperate,
thisreportherebypresentsaplantophaseoutallexisting117unitsatcoalplantsinJapan
by2030.Theproposedapproachis tosequenceplantretirementsstartingwithplantsthat
havebeenoperatingthe longestandhavethe lowestefficiency(Table1). In theproposal,
theleastefficientSub-Critical(Sub-C)plantswouldberetiredby2022,theSupercritical(SC)
plantsby2025,andtheUltra-Supercritical(USC)plantsby2030.
Table 1. Coal Power Technology and Phase-Out Period
Technology Generationcapacity(%) CO2emissions(g-CO2/kWh)
Phase-outperiod(yearsofretirement)
Sub-critical(Sub-C) 39.1 865 4years(2018-2022)Supercritical(SC) 41.3 817 6years(2021-2025)
Ultra-supercritical(USC) 42.6 785 5years(2026-2030) Source:KikoNetwork
SC
Sub-C
USC
Sub-CNew
USCRetirements
Sub-CRetirements
SC Retirements
Capacity(M
W)
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
-10,000
-20,000
-30,000
-40,000
12 13
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
2020
IshikawaUnit2 J-POWER 156 Sub-CTokuyamaCentral
No.9 Tokuyama 149 Sub-C
NipponSteel&SumikinStainlessSteelCorporation,HikariWorks-1
NipponSteel&SumikinStainlessSteelCorporation
53 Sub-C
GushikawaUnit1 OkinawaElectricPower 156 Sub-C
GushikawaUnit2 OkinawaElectricPower 156 Sub-C
SumitomoOsakaCement,AkoFactory
SumitomoOsakaCement 103 Sub-C
NipponSteel&SumikinStainlessSteelCorporation,HikariWorks-2
NipponSteel&SumikinStainlessSteelCorporation
53 Sub-C
NipponSteel&SumitomoMetalCo.
HirohataNipponSteel&
SumitomoMetalCo. 149 Sub-C
TobataUnit6 TobataCo-operativeThermalPower 149 Sub-C
SumitomoOsakaCement,KochiFactory
SumitomoOsakaCement 61 Sub-C Subtotalin2020
TokuyamaEastNo.2 Tokuyama 145 Sub-C Sub-C 16 2,368
2021
NakayamaNagoya NakayamaNagoyapowercompany 149 Sub-C
Toyohashi Meikaipowercompany 147 Sub-CNipponSteel&
SumitomoMetalCo.Kamaishi
NipponSteel&SumitomoMetalCo. 149 Sub-C
Osaki,Unit1 ChugokuElectricPower 250 Sub-C
Itoigawa ItoigawaPowerCompany 149 Sub-C
NipponSteel&SumitomoMetal,MuroranNo.5
NipponSteel&SumitomoMetalCo. 145 Sub-C
KinUnit1 OkinawaElectricPower 220 Sub-C
NipponSteel&SumitomoMetalCo.
OitaNipponSteel&
SumitomoMetalCo. 330 Sub-C
MitsubishiRayonOtake MitsubishiRayonCo. 147 Sub-C
KinUnit2 OkinawaElectricPower 220 Sub-C
TokuyamaCentralNo.8 Tokuyama 145 Sub-C
NipponPaperIndustriesKushiro
NipponPaperIndustries 80 Sub-C
UBEPowerCenter,UbeNo.6 UbeIndustries 216 Sub-C
Tosa Tosapower 167 Sub-CSumitomoOsakaCementKochi
SumitomoOsakaCement 61 Sub-C
Table 2. Unit-by-Unit Retirement Schedule in the Japan 2030 Coal Phase-Out Plan
Retirement year Plantname Company/Operator Capacity
(MW) Technology
2017TakeharaUnit1 J-POWER 250 Sub-C Subtotalin2017
Sub-C 1 250
2018TakeharaUnit2 J-POWER 350 Sub-C Subtotalin2018
Sub-C 1 350
2019
NiihamaNishiUnit1 SumitomoJointElectricPower 75 Sub-C
NiihamaNishiUnit2 SumitomoJointElectricPower 75 Sub-C
TokuyamaCentralNo.5 Tokuyama 35 Sub-C
MizushimaUnit2 ChugokuElectricPower 156 Sub-C
SaijoUnit1 ShikokuElectricPower 156 Sub-C
ShimonosekiUnit1 ChugokuElectricPower 175 Sub-C
NaieUnit1 HokkaidoElectricPower 175 Sub-C
TakasagoUnit1 J-POWER 250 Sub-CTakasagoUnit2 J-POWER 250 Sub-C
NiihamaHigashiUnit1 SumitomoJointElectricPower 27 Sub-C
NaieUnit2 HokkaidoElectricPower 175 Sub-C
SaijoUnit2 ShikokuElectricPower 250 Sub-C
NakosoUnit7 JobanKyodoPowerCompany 250 Sub-C
TobataUnit2 TobataCo-operativeThermalPower 156 Sub-C
ToyamaShinkouSekitanUnit1
HokurikuElectricPowerCompany 250 Sub-C
ToyamaShinkouSekitanUnit2
HokurikuElectricPowerCompany 250 Sub-C
NyugawaUnit1 SumitomoJointElectricPower 250 Sub-C
SigmaPowerAriakeMiike MiikePower 175 Sub-C
SunagawaUnit3 HokkaidoElectricPower 125 Sub-C Subtotalin2019
SakataKyodoUnit1 SakataKyodoPowerCompany 350 Sub-C Sub-C 20 3,605
2020
SakataKyodoUnit2 SakataKyodoPowerCompany 350 Sub-C
ToutouatsumaUnit1 HokkaidoElectricPower 350 Sub-C
SunagawaUnit HokkaidoElectricPower 125 Sub-C
UbeIndustries,IsaFactory UbeIndustries 57 Sub-C
IshikawaUnit1 J-POWER 156 Sub-C
12 13
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
2020
IshikawaUnit2 J-POWER 156 Sub-CTokuyamaCentral
No.9 Tokuyama 149 Sub-C
NipponSteel&SumikinStainlessSteelCorporation,HikariWorks-1
NipponSteel&SumikinStainlessSteelCorporation
53 Sub-C
GushikawaUnit1 OkinawaElectricPower 156 Sub-C
GushikawaUnit2 OkinawaElectricPower 156 Sub-C
SumitomoOsakaCement,AkoFactory
SumitomoOsakaCement 103 Sub-C
NipponSteel&SumikinStainlessSteelCorporation,HikariWorks-2
NipponSteel&SumikinStainlessSteelCorporation
53 Sub-C
NipponSteel&SumitomoMetalCo.
HirohataNipponSteel&
SumitomoMetalCo. 149 Sub-C
TobataUnit6 TobataCo-operativeThermalPower 149 Sub-C
SumitomoOsakaCement,KochiFactory
SumitomoOsakaCement 61 Sub-C Subtotalin2020
TokuyamaEastNo.2 Tokuyama 145 Sub-C Sub-C 16 2,368
2021
NakayamaNagoya NakayamaNagoyapowercompany 149 Sub-C
Toyohashi Meikaipowercompany 147 Sub-CNipponSteel&
SumitomoMetalCo.Kamaishi
NipponSteel&SumitomoMetalCo. 149 Sub-C
Osaki,Unit1 ChugokuElectricPower 250 Sub-C
Itoigawa ItoigawaPowerCompany 149 Sub-C
NipponSteel&SumitomoMetal,MuroranNo.5
NipponSteel&SumitomoMetalCo. 145 Sub-C
KinUnit1 OkinawaElectricPower 220 Sub-C
NipponSteel&SumitomoMetalCo.
OitaNipponSteel&
SumitomoMetalCo. 330 Sub-C
MitsubishiRayonOtake MitsubishiRayonCo. 147 Sub-C
KinUnit2 OkinawaElectricPower 220 Sub-C
TokuyamaCentralNo.8 Tokuyama 145 Sub-C
NipponPaperIndustriesKushiro
NipponPaperIndustries 80 Sub-C
UBEPowerCenter,UbeNo.6 UbeIndustries 216 Sub-C
Tosa Tosapower 167 Sub-CSumitomoOsakaCementKochi
SumitomoOsakaCement 61 Sub-C
Table 2. Unit-by-Unit Retirement Schedule in the Japan 2030 Coal Phase-Out Plan
Retirement year Plantname Company/Operator Capacity
(MW) Technology
2017TakeharaUnit1 J-POWER 250 Sub-C Subtotalin2017
Sub-C 1 250
2018TakeharaUnit2 J-POWER 350 Sub-C Subtotalin2018
Sub-C 1 350
2019
NiihamaNishiUnit1 SumitomoJointElectricPower 75 Sub-C
NiihamaNishiUnit2 SumitomoJointElectricPower 75 Sub-C
TokuyamaCentralNo.5 Tokuyama 35 Sub-C
MizushimaUnit2 ChugokuElectricPower 156 Sub-C
SaijoUnit1 ShikokuElectricPower 156 Sub-C
ShimonosekiUnit1 ChugokuElectricPower 175 Sub-C
NaieUnit1 HokkaidoElectricPower 175 Sub-C
TakasagoUnit1 J-POWER 250 Sub-CTakasagoUnit2 J-POWER 250 Sub-C
NiihamaHigashiUnit1 SumitomoJointElectricPower 27 Sub-C
NaieUnit2 HokkaidoElectricPower 175 Sub-C
SaijoUnit2 ShikokuElectricPower 250 Sub-C
NakosoUnit7 JobanKyodoPowerCompany 250 Sub-C
TobataUnit2 TobataCo-operativeThermalPower 156 Sub-C
ToyamaShinkouSekitanUnit1
HokurikuElectricPowerCompany 250 Sub-C
ToyamaShinkouSekitanUnit2
HokurikuElectricPowerCompany 250 Sub-C
NyugawaUnit1 SumitomoJointElectricPower 250 Sub-C
SigmaPowerAriakeMiike MiikePower 175 Sub-C
SunagawaUnit3 HokkaidoElectricPower 125 Sub-C Subtotalin2019
SakataKyodoUnit1 SakataKyodoPowerCompany 350 Sub-C Sub-C 20 3,605
2020
SakataKyodoUnit2 SakataKyodoPowerCompany 350 Sub-C
ToutouatsumaUnit1 HokkaidoElectricPower 350 Sub-C
SunagawaUnit HokkaidoElectricPower 125 Sub-C
UbeIndustries,IsaFactory UbeIndustries 57 Sub-C
IshikawaUnit1 J-POWER 156 Sub-C
14 15
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
2024
HekinanUnit2 ChubuElectricPower 700 SCNoshiroUnit1 TohokuElectricPower 600 SC Subtotalin2024
ShinchiUnit1 SomaKyodoPowerCompany 1,000 SC SC 5 3,500
2025
ShinchiUnit2 SomaKyodoPowerCompany 1,000 SC
ReihokuUnit1 KyusyuElectricPower 700 SCShinkoKobeUnit1 KobelcoPower 700 SC Subtotalin2025ShinkoKobeUnit2 KobelcoPower 700 SC SC 4 3,100
2026
NipponSteel&SumitomoMetalCo.
KashimaNipponSteel&
SumitomoMetalCo. 522 SC
HekinanUnit3 ChubuElectricPower 700 USCNoshiroUnit2 TohokuElectricPower 600 USC
NanaoOtaUnit1 HokurikuElectricPowerCompany 500 USC Subtotalin2026
HaramachiUnit1 TohokuElectricPower 1,000 USC SC 1 522MatsuuraUnit2,
J-POWER J-POWER 1,000 USC USC 5 3,800
2027
MisumiUnit1 ChugokuElectricPower 1,000 USC
HaramachiUnit2 TohokuElectricPower 1,000 USC
NanaoOtaUnit2 HokurikuElectricPowerCompany 700 USC
Tachibana-wanUnit1 ShikokuElectricPower 700 USCTachibana-wanUnit1,
J-POWER J-POWER 1,050 USC Subtotalin2027
TsurugaUnit2 HokurikuElectricPowerCompany 700 USC USC 6 5,150
2028
Tachibana-wanUnit2,J-POWER J-POWER 1,050 USC
Karitanew-Unit1 KyusyuElectricPower 360 USCHekinanUnit4 ChubuElectricPower 1,000 USCIsogo,newUnit1 J-POWER 600 USC
ToutouatsumaUnit4 HokkaidoElectricPower 700 USC Subtotalin2028
HekinanUnit5 ChubuElectricPower 1,000 USC USC 6 4,710
2029
ReihokuUnit2 KyusyuElectricPower 700 USCHitachinakaUnit1 TEPCOFuel&Power 1,000 USCHironoUnit5 TEPCOFuel&Power 600 USCMaizuruUnit1 KansaiElectricPower 900 USCIsogonew-Unit2 J-POWER 600 USC Subtotalin2029MaizuruUnit2 KansaiElectricPower 900 USC USC 6 4,700
2030
NakosoUnit10 JobanKyodoPowerCompany 250 IGCC
HironoUnit6 TEPCOFuel&Power 600 USC Subtotalin2030HitachinakaUnit2 TEPCOFuel&Power 1,000 USC USC 2 16,000OsakiCoolGen OsakiCoolGen 166 IGCC IGCC 2 4,160
Source:PrepaterdbyKikoNetwork
2021
MatsushimaUnit1 J-POWER 500 SC Subtotalin2021MatsushimaUnit2 J-POWER 500 SC Sub-C 15 2,575UBEPowerCenter,
UbeNo.5 UbeIndustries 145 SC SC 3 1,145
2022
AsahiKaseiNSEnergy,Nobeoka
(Biomass)AsahiKaseiNS
Energy 50 Sub-C
NiihamaHigashiUnit2 SumitomoJointElectricPower 03 Sub-C
DaicelOtake DaicelCorp. 50 Sub-CTokuyamaCentral
No.7 Tokuyama 78 Sub-C
NiihamaNishiUnit3 SumitomoJointElectricPower 150 Sub-C
TobataUnit5 TobataCo-operativeThermalPower 110 Sub-C
SummitOnahamaSPower
SummitOnahamaSPowerCorp. 50 Sub-C
Erex,SaekiBiomass ErexNewEnergy,Saeki 50 Sub-C
MombetsuBiomassElectricPowerStation
MombetsuBiomassElectricPowerCo. 50 Sub-C
SuzukawaEnergyCenter
SuzukawaEnergyCenter 112 Sub-C
NakayamaNagoya2 NakayamaNagoyapowercompany 110 Sub-C
MizushimaEnergyCenter
MizushimaEnergyCenter 112 Sub-C
MeinanKyodoEnergy MeinanKyodoEnergyCo. 31 Sub-C
SendaiPowerStation SendaiPowerStation 112 Sub-C
Somaenergypark SomaEnergyParkLLC 112 Sub-C
IshinomakiHibarinoNo.1
NipponPaperIndustriesIshinomaki
EnergyCenter149 Sub-C
TakeharaUnit3 J-POWER 700 SC Subtotalin2022
NakosoUnit8 JobanKyodoPowerCompany 600 SC Sub-C 16 1,329
NakosoUnit9 JobanKyodoPowerCompany 600 SC SC 3 1,900
2023
ToutouatsumaUnit2 HokkaidoElectricPower 600 SC
ShinOnodaUnit1 ChugokuElectricPower 500 SC
ShinOnodaUnit2 ChugokuElectricPower 500 SC
MatsuuraUnit1 KyusyuElectricPower 700 SC Subtotalin2023MatsuuraUnit1,
J-POWER J-POWER 1,000 SC SC 5 3,300
2024TsurugaUnit1 HokurikuElectric
PowerCompany 500 SC
HekinanUnit1 ChubuElectricPower 700 SC
14 15
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
2024
HekinanUnit2 ChubuElectricPower 700 SCNoshiroUnit1 TohokuElectricPower 600 SC Subtotalin2024
ShinchiUnit1 SomaKyodoPowerCompany 1,000 SC SC 5 3,500
2025
ShinchiUnit2 SomaKyodoPowerCompany 1,000 SC
ReihokuUnit1 KyusyuElectricPower 700 SCShinkoKobeUnit1 KobelcoPower 700 SC Subtotalin2025ShinkoKobeUnit2 KobelcoPower 700 SC SC 4 3,100
2026
NipponSteel&SumitomoMetalCo.
KashimaNipponSteel&
SumitomoMetalCo. 522 SC
HekinanUnit3 ChubuElectricPower 700 USCNoshiroUnit2 TohokuElectricPower 600 USC
NanaoOtaUnit1 HokurikuElectricPowerCompany 500 USC Subtotalin2026
HaramachiUnit1 TohokuElectricPower 1,000 USC SC 1 522MatsuuraUnit2,
J-POWER J-POWER 1,000 USC USC 5 3,800
2027
MisumiUnit1 ChugokuElectricPower 1,000 USC
HaramachiUnit2 TohokuElectricPower 1,000 USC
NanaoOtaUnit2 HokurikuElectricPowerCompany 700 USC
Tachibana-wanUnit1 ShikokuElectricPower 700 USCTachibana-wanUnit1,
J-POWER J-POWER 1,050 USC Subtotalin2027
TsurugaUnit2 HokurikuElectricPowerCompany 700 USC USC 6 5,150
2028
Tachibana-wanUnit2,J-POWER J-POWER 1,050 USC
Karitanew-Unit1 KyusyuElectricPower 360 USCHekinanUnit4 ChubuElectricPower 1,000 USCIsogo,newUnit1 J-POWER 600 USC
ToutouatsumaUnit4 HokkaidoElectricPower 700 USC Subtotalin2028
HekinanUnit5 ChubuElectricPower 1,000 USC USC 6 4,710
2029
ReihokuUnit2 KyusyuElectricPower 700 USCHitachinakaUnit1 TEPCOFuel&Power 1,000 USCHironoUnit5 TEPCOFuel&Power 600 USCMaizuruUnit1 KansaiElectricPower 900 USCIsogonew-Unit2 J-POWER 600 USC Subtotalin2029MaizuruUnit2 KansaiElectricPower 900 USC USC 6 4,700
2030
NakosoUnit10 JobanKyodoPowerCompany 250 IGCC
HironoUnit6 TEPCOFuel&Power 600 USC Subtotalin2030HitachinakaUnit2 TEPCOFuel&Power 1,000 USC USC 2 16,000OsakiCoolGen OsakiCoolGen 166 IGCC IGCC 2 4,160
Source:PrepaterdbyKikoNetwork
2021
MatsushimaUnit1 J-POWER 500 SC Subtotalin2021MatsushimaUnit2 J-POWER 500 SC Sub-C 15 2,575UBEPowerCenter,
UbeNo.5 UbeIndustries 145 SC SC 3 1,145
2022
AsahiKaseiNSEnergy,Nobeoka
(Biomass)AsahiKaseiNS
Energy 50 Sub-C
NiihamaHigashiUnit2 SumitomoJointElectricPower 03 Sub-C
DaicelOtake DaicelCorp. 50 Sub-CTokuyamaCentral
No.7 Tokuyama 78 Sub-C
NiihamaNishiUnit3 SumitomoJointElectricPower 150 Sub-C
TobataUnit5 TobataCo-operativeThermalPower 110 Sub-C
SummitOnahamaSPower
SummitOnahamaSPowerCorp. 50 Sub-C
Erex,SaekiBiomass ErexNewEnergy,Saeki 50 Sub-C
MombetsuBiomassElectricPowerStation
MombetsuBiomassElectricPowerCo. 50 Sub-C
SuzukawaEnergyCenter
SuzukawaEnergyCenter 112 Sub-C
NakayamaNagoya2 NakayamaNagoyapowercompany 110 Sub-C
MizushimaEnergyCenter
MizushimaEnergyCenter 112 Sub-C
MeinanKyodoEnergy MeinanKyodoEnergyCo. 31 Sub-C
SendaiPowerStation SendaiPowerStation 112 Sub-C
Somaenergypark SomaEnergyParkLLC 112 Sub-C
IshinomakiHibarinoNo.1
NipponPaperIndustriesIshinomaki
EnergyCenter149 Sub-C
TakeharaUnit3 J-POWER 700 SC Subtotalin2022
NakosoUnit8 JobanKyodoPowerCompany 600 SC Sub-C 16 1,329
NakosoUnit9 JobanKyodoPowerCompany 600 SC SC 3 1,900
2023
ToutouatsumaUnit2 HokkaidoElectricPower 600 SC
ShinOnodaUnit1 ChugokuElectricPower 500 SC
ShinOnodaUnit2 ChugokuElectricPower 500 SC
MatsuuraUnit1 KyusyuElectricPower 700 SC Subtotalin2023MatsuuraUnit1,
J-POWER J-POWER 1,000 SC SC 5 3,300
2024TsurugaUnit1 HokurikuElectric
PowerCompany 500 SC
HekinanUnit1 ChubuElectricPower 700 SC
16 17
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
3 Implementing the Phase-Out Plan
(1) Immediate revision of current policy directions is needed
It isclearthatthisJapan2030CoalPhase-OutPlancannotbeimplementedwithoutpolicy
change.To implement theplan, itwillbenecessary toreconsidercurrentpolicydirections
anddevelopspecificpolicyresponses.
█ Set clear policy directions for coal phase-out by 2030, consistent with Paris Agreement (StrategicEnergyPlanandClimateActionPlan)
CurrentJapanesegovernmentpoliciesemphasizecoalandnuclearas“importantbase-
loadpowersources,”soitiscrucialtostartbyfundamentallyrevisingthisthinking.Rather
thanbasingpolicyoncoalandnuclear,forwhichitisdifficulttoadjustoutput,Japanneeds
toshift itsbasicdirectiontoanelectricalsystemthatcanprovideastablepowersupply
through flexiblesupply-demandadjustmentof renewableenergy that includesvariable
powersources.
█ Legislate to implement the coal phase-out(EnactanActonCoalPhase-Out(tentativename))
Basedona clear commitment to phaseout coal, it is crucial to have consistent
implementation year after year.But actionsaredifficult under existing legislative
frameworks,so itwillbecrucial toenactnew legislation thatstipulatesayear-by-year
schedulefor theretirementofcoalpowergeneration.CombinedwithanActonNuclear
Phase-Out, it is likelypossible topromoteacoalpowerphase-outconcurrentlywitha
nuclearpowerphase-out.
█ Revise Japan's GHG emission reduction targets and energy mix(StrategicEnergyPlanandClimateActionPlan)
Alongwithacoalphase-outplanfor2030,Japanneedstoreviseitscurrentenergymix,
which ispremisedoncoalproviding26%ofJapan'selectricitysupply in2030,anda
26%GHGemissionreduction target in2030(compared toFY2013). It isobvious that
theratioofcoalintheelectricalpowersupplymixin2030shouldbezero,andbasedon
thepremiseofcoalpowerbeingsteadilyphasedout,theGHGemissionreductiontarget
shouldbeincreasedtoatleast40to50%.
(3) Impacts on electrical power supply
Reducingthecurrentcoalpowercapacityofmorethan40,000MWtozerowithinjustover
tenyearsmeanslosingwhatthegovernmentreferstoasbaseloadsources,soitwouldbe
nosurprisethatconcernsareraisedaboutthe impactsonastablesupplyofelectricity.As
shownbelow,however,aphase-outisfullypossiblewithoutmajornegativeimpacts.
Tobeginwith,theconstructionofLNG-firedpowerplantsinJapanhasalsobeenproceeding
steadily in recentyearsand theircapacity isgrowing.Since2014,about9,000MWof
largeLNGplantshavebeennewlybuiltorexpanded.Meanwhile,accordingtoasummary
of supplyplansofpowerproducers releasedby theOrganization forCross-regional
CoordinationofTransmissionOperators (OCCTO), thecapacity factorofLNGplants is
projectedtodropfrom55.3%in2017to43%in2027.Asanoverallsurplusofcapacity is
foreseen,ifthecapacityfactorofLNGpowergenerationisraisedtobetween60%and65%
andpowergenerationbyrenewableenergybe increasedto27%asprojectedbyOCCTO
for2027, itwillbepossible tocovermostof thedecline incoal-firedelectricitygeneration
capacity.Itisalsoentirelypossiblethatthe27%figureforrenewablescouldbeachievedwell
aheadofschedule.
Meanwhile,OCCTO'sprojections formaximumelectricitydemandandannualelectricity
demandforthetenyearsfrom2018to2027areflat,with±0%astheannualaveragegrowth
rate.Thisfigurewasreviseddownwardfromapreviousprojection(ofaveragegrowthrate
at0.3%)bytaking intoaccount factorssuchasprogresswithelectricityconservationand
energyefficiency,andmeasurestocutpeakdemand,butregardless, thefutureprojection
maintainsthesamelevelofelectricitydemandasin2018.Inthefuture,nevertheless,itwill
be important to furtherpromoteelectricityconservationandenergyefficiency,andthere is
alsosignificantpotentialforthebenefitsofusingthe“InternetofThings”(IoT),andsoon.If
energyefficiencyimprovesatanannualrateof1.5%,thelossofcoal-poweredcapacitycan
becoveredevenwithnuclearatzero.
ThisPlansuggestsagradualannualretirementofbetween2,000MWand4,000to5,000
MWofcoal-firedpowergenerationcapacity,anditisfullyachievableifaplanisformulatedin
advanceandmeasuresareimplementedsteadily.
16 17
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
3 Implementing the Phase-Out Plan
(1) Immediate revision of current policy directions is needed
It isclearthatthisJapan2030CoalPhase-OutPlancannotbeimplementedwithoutpolicy
change.To implement theplan, itwillbenecessary toreconsidercurrentpolicydirections
anddevelopspecificpolicyresponses.
█ Set clear policy directions for coal phase-out by 2030, consistent with Paris Agreement (StrategicEnergyPlanandClimateActionPlan)
CurrentJapanesegovernmentpoliciesemphasizecoalandnuclearas“importantbase-
loadpowersources,”soitiscrucialtostartbyfundamentallyrevisingthisthinking.Rather
thanbasingpolicyoncoalandnuclear,forwhichitisdifficulttoadjustoutput,Japanneeds
toshift itsbasicdirectiontoanelectricalsystemthatcanprovideastablepowersupply
through flexiblesupply-demandadjustmentof renewableenergy that includesvariable
powersources.
█ Legislate to implement the coal phase-out(EnactanActonCoalPhase-Out(tentativename))
Basedona clear commitment to phaseout coal, it is crucial to have consistent
implementation year after year.But actionsaredifficult under existing legislative
frameworks,so itwillbecrucial toenactnew legislation thatstipulatesayear-by-year
schedulefor theretirementofcoalpowergeneration.CombinedwithanActonNuclear
Phase-Out, it is likelypossible topromoteacoalpowerphase-outconcurrentlywitha
nuclearpowerphase-out.
█ Revise Japan's GHG emission reduction targets and energy mix(StrategicEnergyPlanandClimateActionPlan)
Alongwithacoalphase-outplanfor2030,Japanneedstoreviseitscurrentenergymix,
which ispremisedoncoalproviding26%ofJapan'selectricitysupply in2030,anda
26%GHGemissionreduction target in2030(compared toFY2013). It isobvious that
theratioofcoalintheelectricalpowersupplymixin2030shouldbezero,andbasedon
thepremiseofcoalpowerbeingsteadilyphasedout,theGHGemissionreductiontarget
shouldbeincreasedtoatleast40to50%.
(3) Impacts on electrical power supply
Reducingthecurrentcoalpowercapacityofmorethan40,000MWtozerowithinjustover
tenyearsmeanslosingwhatthegovernmentreferstoasbaseloadsources,soitwouldbe
nosurprisethatconcernsareraisedaboutthe impactsonastablesupplyofelectricity.As
shownbelow,however,aphase-outisfullypossiblewithoutmajornegativeimpacts.
Tobeginwith,theconstructionofLNG-firedpowerplantsinJapanhasalsobeenproceeding
steadily in recentyearsand theircapacity isgrowing.Since2014,about9,000MWof
largeLNGplantshavebeennewlybuiltorexpanded.Meanwhile,accordingtoasummary
of supplyplansofpowerproducers releasedby theOrganization forCross-regional
CoordinationofTransmissionOperators (OCCTO), thecapacity factorofLNGplants is
projectedtodropfrom55.3%in2017to43%in2027.Asanoverallsurplusofcapacity is
foreseen,ifthecapacityfactorofLNGpowergenerationisraisedtobetween60%and65%
andpowergenerationbyrenewableenergybe increasedto27%asprojectedbyOCCTO
for2027, itwillbepossible tocovermostof thedecline incoal-firedelectricitygeneration
capacity.Itisalsoentirelypossiblethatthe27%figureforrenewablescouldbeachievedwell
aheadofschedule.
Meanwhile,OCCTO'sprojections formaximumelectricitydemandandannualelectricity
demandforthetenyearsfrom2018to2027areflat,with±0%astheannualaveragegrowth
rate.Thisfigurewasreviseddownwardfromapreviousprojection(ofaveragegrowthrate
at0.3%)bytaking intoaccount factorssuchasprogresswithelectricityconservationand
energyefficiency,andmeasurestocutpeakdemand,butregardless, thefutureprojection
maintainsthesamelevelofelectricitydemandasin2018.Inthefuture,nevertheless,itwill
be important to furtherpromoteelectricityconservationandenergyefficiency,andthere is
alsosignificantpotentialforthebenefitsofusingthe“InternetofThings”(IoT),andsoon.If
energyefficiencyimprovesatanannualrateof1.5%,thelossofcoal-poweredcapacitycan
becoveredevenwithnuclearatzero.
ThisPlansuggestsagradualannualretirementofbetween2,000MWand4,000to5,000
MWofcoal-firedpowergenerationcapacity,anditisfullyachievableifaplanisformulatedin
advanceandmeasuresareimplementedsteadily.
18 19
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
■ Information and data availability and disclosure Tosecureasteadyreductionofemissions frompowerplantsas the largestemissions
sector,adequateinformationdisclosureiscrucial.Inparticular,disclosureshouldbedone
onanhourlybasisforcapacityutilizationateachgenerationfacility,aswellaselectricity
generatedandemissionsofCO2andotherairpollutants.
(2) Time to start the discussion
Germanyhasamajorcoal industry,andeven there,acommitteehasbeencreatedon
coalphase-outanddiscussionsareunderway.Japancurrentlyhassignificantcoalpower
generationcapacity,so itmightbeunderstood thatacoalphase-outby2030wouldbe
difficult.However,asacountry thathas ratifiedanddeclared itssupport for theParis
Agreement,Japanhasnootheroptionbut tophaseoutcoal.Weseenootherchoiceon
thispointandnoroomforprocrastination,andwecallupon thegovernment topromptly
andearnestly implementtheseactions.Thisreportpresentsoneapproachtowardthegoal
ofacoalphase-out,whichothercountriesof theworldarealsoaimingfor.However,even
for thesamegoalofa2030phase-outofcoal, therecouldbedifferentpaths—depending
on theactualstatusofoperationsandother factorsatpowerplants, thepotential for the
introductionofrenewableenergy,andother localcharacteristics.Nowisthetimetostarta
broaddiscussionandthenshifttoaction.
TheIPCC“GlobalWarmingof1.5ºC”specialreportindicatedthatwarmingcouldreach1.5ºC
asearlyas2030.Wehaveroughlytenyearstopassthetestandavoidthatsituation.Tothat
end,Japanneedstostarttodayonthepathtophaseoutcoal.
█ Introduce carbon pricing(Taxforclimatechangemitigation,domesticemissiontradingscheme)
Inorder to incentivizeefforts to limit theuseofcoalpoweronboth thesupplyand
demandside,Japanshould introducecarbonpricing in2019.Basedona regulatory
schedulespecifiedbyaproposedActonCoalPhase-Out,carbonpricingwouldpromote
theselectionofmoreefficient, low-carbonelectricitygeneration technologies.The
implementationof thecoalphase-outplanproposedinthisreportwill forawhile involve
increasedcapacityfactorsforLNGpowergeneration,buteventhenitwillencouragethe
transition tomoreefficientpowergenerationplants. Itcanalsobeexpectedtohavean
effectofbroadlypromotingenergyefficiencyandenergyconservationon thedemand
side.
█ Revise power generation efficiency standards and non-fossil fuel electricity generation ratio
(ActConcerningtheRationalUseofEnergy,ActonthePromotionofUseofNon-fossil
EnergySourcesandEffectiveUseofFossilEnergyMaterialsbyEnergySuppliers)
TobeconsistentwithrevisionsofGHGemissionreduction targetsandtheenergymix,
Japanshouldalsorevisepowergenerationefficiencystandards,andtargetsforthenon-
fossil fuelpowergenerationratio(current target is44%in2030)—based,respectively,
ontheActConcerningtheRationalUseofEnergy,andontheActonthePromotionof
UseofNon-fossilEnergySourcesandEffectiveUseofFossilEnergyMaterialsbyEnergy
Suppliers.
█ Enhance energy conservation policies and load leveling Energyefficiencyandenergyconservationholdthekeytoachievingacoalphase-out.At
thesametimeas introducingcarbonpricingtoaccelerateenergyefficiencyandenergy
conservationbyeachstakeholder, it is important to implementmultipleand integrated
policies to improveefficiency inpowerplantsandpower load leveling,andpromote
demand-sidemanagement.
█ Massive introduction of renewable energy Thegovernmentisaimingtomakerenewableenergyamajorcomponentoftheelectrical
powersupply,and todoso, it isnecessary tosecureaprioritydispatch insupplying
renewableenergyandpromote themassive introductionof renewableenergyby
strengtheningaflexibleelectricityinterchangeandstrengtheningthegridsystem.
18 19
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
■ Information and data availability and disclosure Tosecureasteadyreductionofemissions frompowerplantsas the largestemissions
sector,adequateinformationdisclosureiscrucial.Inparticular,disclosureshouldbedone
onanhourlybasisforcapacityutilizationateachgenerationfacility,aswellaselectricity
generatedandemissionsofCO2andotherairpollutants.
(2) Time to start the discussion
Germanyhasamajorcoal industry,andeven there,acommitteehasbeencreatedon
coalphase-outanddiscussionsareunderway.Japancurrentlyhassignificantcoalpower
generationcapacity,so itmightbeunderstood thatacoalphase-outby2030wouldbe
difficult.However,asacountry thathas ratifiedanddeclared itssupport for theParis
Agreement,Japanhasnootheroptionbut tophaseoutcoal.Weseenootherchoiceon
thispointandnoroomforprocrastination,andwecallupon thegovernment topromptly
andearnestly implementtheseactions.Thisreportpresentsoneapproachtowardthegoal
ofacoalphase-out,whichothercountriesof theworldarealsoaimingfor.However,even
for thesamegoalofa2030phase-outofcoal, therecouldbedifferentpaths—depending
on theactualstatusofoperationsandother factorsatpowerplants, thepotential for the
introductionofrenewableenergy,andother localcharacteristics.Nowisthetimetostarta
broaddiscussionandthenshifttoaction.
TheIPCC“GlobalWarmingof1.5ºC”specialreportindicatedthatwarmingcouldreach1.5ºC
asearlyas2030.Wehaveroughlytenyearstopassthetestandavoidthatsituation.Tothat
end,Japanneedstostarttodayonthepathtophaseoutcoal.
█ Introduce carbon pricing(Taxforclimatechangemitigation,domesticemissiontradingscheme)
Inorder to incentivizeefforts to limit theuseofcoalpoweronboth thesupplyand
demandside,Japanshould introducecarbonpricing in2019.Basedona regulatory
schedulespecifiedbyaproposedActonCoalPhase-Out,carbonpricingwouldpromote
theselectionofmoreefficient, low-carbonelectricitygeneration technologies.The
implementationof thecoalphase-outplanproposedinthisreportwill forawhile involve
increasedcapacityfactorsforLNGpowergeneration,buteventhenitwillencouragethe
transition tomoreefficientpowergenerationplants. Itcanalsobeexpectedtohavean
effectofbroadlypromotingenergyefficiencyandenergyconservationon thedemand
side.
█ Revise power generation efficiency standards and non-fossil fuel electricity generation ratio
(ActConcerningtheRationalUseofEnergy,ActonthePromotionofUseofNon-fossil
EnergySourcesandEffectiveUseofFossilEnergyMaterialsbyEnergySuppliers)
TobeconsistentwithrevisionsofGHGemissionreduction targetsandtheenergymix,
Japanshouldalsorevisepowergenerationefficiencystandards,andtargetsforthenon-
fossil fuelpowergenerationratio(current target is44%in2030)—based,respectively,
ontheActConcerningtheRationalUseofEnergy,andontheActonthePromotionof
UseofNon-fossilEnergySourcesandEffectiveUseofFossilEnergyMaterialsbyEnergy
Suppliers.
█ Enhance energy conservation policies and load leveling Energyefficiencyandenergyconservationholdthekeytoachievingacoalphase-out.At
thesametimeas introducingcarbonpricingtoaccelerateenergyefficiencyandenergy
conservationbyeachstakeholder, it is important to implementmultipleand integrated
policies to improveefficiency inpowerplantsandpower load leveling,andpromote
demand-sidemanagement.
█ Massive introduction of renewable energy Thegovernmentisaimingtomakerenewableenergyamajorcomponentoftheelectrical
powersupply,and todoso, it isnecessary tosecureaprioritydispatch insupplying
renewableenergyandpromote themassive introductionof renewableenergyby
strengtheningaflexibleelectricityinterchangeandstrengtheningthegridsystem.
20 21
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
26 Fukushima IwakiEnergyPark AbleCo. 112 4/2018 Assessmentcompleted Unknown 672 800
27 Hiroshima Kaitabiomassblendfiringpowerstation
KaitaBiomassPowerCo.(HiroshimaGas,ChugokuElectricPower) 112 2021 Assessment
completed Unknown 672
28 Fukushima Somacoreindustrialparkplant
SomaKyodoJikahatsuKaihatsuGodoKaisha 112 3/2018 Assessmentin
progress Unknown 672
29 Ehime SaijoNewNo.1 ShikokuElectricPower 500 3/2023 Assessmentinprogress USC 3,000
30 Akita AkitaPortNo.1(tentative) KENES,Marubeni 650 3/2024 Assessmentinprogress USC 4,330 760
31 Akita AkitaPortNo.2(tentative) KENES,Marubeni 650 6/2024 Assessmentinprogress USC 4,330 760
32 Mie Unknown MCKawajiriEnergyService(MitsubishiCorp.) 112 2019 Assessmentin
progress Unknown 672
33 Hokkaido KushiroPowerStationKushiroPowerStation(KushiroCoalMine,F-Power,IDIInfrastructures,TaiheiyoKaihatsu)
112 2019 Assessmentinprogress Unknown 512 590
34 Yamaguchi NishiokinoyamaNo.1(tentative)
YamaguchiUbePower(J-Power,OsakaGas,UbeIndustries,Ltd.)
600 2023 Assessmentinprogress USC 3,600
35 Kanagawa YokosukaPowerPlant,No.1(tentative)
JERA(TokyoElectricPowerandChugokuElectricPower) 650 2023 Assessmentin
progress USC 3,630 749
36 Kanagawa YokosukaPowerPlant.No.2(tentative)
JERA(TokyoElectricPowerandChugokuElectricPower) 650 2024 Assessmentin
progress USC 3,630 749
37 Chiba (tentative)SogaCoalPower ChibaCoalPower(ChugokuElectricPower,JFESteelCorporation) 1,070 2024 Assessmentin
progress USC 6,420
38 Yamaguchi NishiokinoyamaNo.2(tentative)
YamaguchiUbePower(J-Power,OsakaGas,UbeIndustries) 600 2025 Assessmentin
progress USC 3,600
39 Chiba ChibaSodegauraNo.1(tentative)
ChibaSodegauraEnergy(KyushuElectricPower,IdemitsuKosan,TokyoGas)
1,000 2025 Assessmentinprogress USC 6,000
40 Chiba ChibaSodegauraNo.2(tentative)
ChibaSodegauraEnergy(KyushuElectricPower,IdemitsuKosan,TokyoGas)
1,000 2026 Assessmentinprogress USC 6,000
41 Miyazaki Unknown AsahiKaseiChemicalsCo. 60 3/2018 Planning
SteamTurbine(otherthanSub-C/SC/USC)
360
42 Chiba Unknown KansaiElectricPower 1,000 unknownPlanning(noofficial
announcement)Unknown 6,000
43 Fukushima UnknownSomaKyodoPowerCompany(TEPCO,ChubuElectricPower,TohokuElectricPower)
1,000 unknownPlanning(noofficial
announcement)Unknown 6,000
44 Hyogo AkoNo.1 KansaiElectricPower 600 2020 Canceled SC 3,350 80045 Hyogo AkoNo.2 KansaiElectricPower 600 2020 Canceled SC 3,350
46 Miyagi Sendaiko-TakamatsuPowerPlant(tentative) SumitomoCorp. 112 2021 Canceled Sub-C 672 600
47 Hyogo TakasagoNew-No.1 J-POWER 600 2021 Canceled USC 4,050 770
48 Chiba IchiharaIchiharaThermalPowerGenerationGodoKaisha(KENES,TonenGeneralSekiyu)
1,000 2024 Canceled USC 6,000
49 Hyogo TakasagoNew-No.2 J-POWER 600 2027 Canceled USC 4,050 770
50 Iwate OfunatoBiomasscombustionplant MaedaCorp. 112 Unknown Canceled Unknown 423 472
*1 ListNo.1 to8are includedasexistingpowerplants in thispaperas theyhavealreadystartedoperation.
Source:KikoNetwork,JapanCoalPlantTracker(asofSeptember2018)
Appendix I. List of Coal Power Plants Proposed in 2012 or Later (*1)
Area Plantname Company/Operator Capacity(MW)
PlanningOperation
dateStatus Technology
CO2 emissionkt-CO2/year
CO2 emissionintensityg-CO2/kWh
1 Shizuoka SuzukawaEnergyCenterSuzukawaEnergyCenter(NipponPaperIndustries,MitsubishiCorp.,ChubuElectricPower)
112 9/2016 Operating Sub-C 672
2 Hiroshima OsakiCoolGen OsakiCoolGen(ChugokuElectricPower,J-Power) 166 3/2017 Operating IGCC 706 692
3 Aichi NagoyaNo.2NakayamaNagoyaKyodoHatsuden(GasandPower,NakayamaSteelWorks,OsakaGas)
110 9/2017 Operating Sub-C 660
4 Miyagi SendaiPowerStation SendaiPowerStation(KENES,ItochuEnex) 112 10/2017 Operating Unknown 672
5 Okayama MizushimaEnergyCenterMizushimaEnergyCenter(KandenEnergySolution,MitsubishiCorp.,MitsubishiChemical)
112 12/2017 Operating Unknown 672
6 Miyagi IshinomakiHibarinoNo.1NipponPaperIndustriesIshinomakiEnergyCenter(NipponPaperIndustriesCo.,MitsubishiCorp.)
149 3/2018 Operating Sub-C 894
7 Fukushima Somaenergypark SomaEnergyParkLLC 112 4/2018 Operating Unknown 672
8 Aichi MeinanKyodoEnergyMeinanKyodoEnergyCo.(MeikoTransCo.,SeikaCorp.,JapanEnergyPartners)
31 2/2018 Trialoperation Sub-C 187
9 Fukushima HibikinadaEnergyPark HibikinadaEnergyPark(OrixCorp.,HokuzaiTransport) 112 7/2018 Under
construction Unknown 682 610
10 Akita NipponPaperAkitaPowerPlant NipponPaperIndustriesCo. 112 10/2018 Under
construction Unknown 763 864
11 Fukuoka Hibikinadathermalpowerplant
Hibikinadathermalpowerplant(IDIInfrastructures) 112 2/2019 Under
construction Unknown 584 600
12 Yamaguchi HofuBiomass-coalmixedPowerPlant
AirWater&EnergiaPowerYamaguchiCorporation(ChugokuElectricPower,AirWaterInc.)
112 7/2019 Underconstruction Unknown 672
13 Hiroshima TakeharaNewNo.1 J-POWER 600 6/2020 Underconstruction USC 3,160 766
14 Akita NoshiroNo.3 TohokuElectricPower 600 6/2020 Underconstruction USC 3,140 797
15 Nagasaki MatsuuraNo.2 KyushuElectricPower 1,000 6/2020 Underconstruction USC 6,000
16 Ibaraki KashimaNo.2 KashimaPower(J-Power,NipponSteel&SumikinStainlessSteelCorp.) 645 7/2020 Under
construction USC 3,439 767
17 Fukushima IGCCNakoso
FukushimaRevitalizationPowerConsortium(MitsubishiCorp.Power,MitsubishiHeavyIndustries,MitsubishiElectric,TokyoElectricPower,JobanJointPowerCo.)
540 9/2020 Underconstruction IGCC 2,620 652
18 Fukushima IGCCHirono
FukushimaRevitalizationPowerConsortium(MitsubishiCorporationPower,MitsubishiHeavyIndustries,MitsubishiElectric,TokyoElectric)
540 9/2021 Underconstruction IGCC 2,620 652
19 Aichi TaketoyoNo.5 ChubuElectricPower 1,070 3/2022 Underconstruction USC 5,690 758
20 Yamaguchi TokuyamaEastPowerGenerationNo.3
TKE3(Tokuyama,Marubeni,TokyoCentury) 300 4/2022 Under
construction Unknown 1,800 706
21 Shimane MisumiNo.2 ChugokuElectricPower 1,000 11/2022 Underconstruction USC 5,377 767
22 Ibaraki KamisuPowerstation KamisuPower(Marubeni、KandenEnergySolution) 112 2018 Under
construction Unknown 672
23 Ibaraki HitachinakaKyodoNo.1 HitachinakaGeneration(JERA) 650 2020 Underconstruction USC 3,680 760
24 Hyogo KobePowerPlantNo.3 KobelcoPowerKobe-2 650 2021 Under USC 3,460 760
25 Hyogo KobePowerPlantNo.4 KobelcoPowerKobe-2 650 2022 Underconstruction USC 3,460
20 21
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
26 Fukushima IwakiEnergyPark AbleCo. 112 4/2018 Assessmentcompleted Unknown 672 800
27 Hiroshima Kaitabiomassblendfiringpowerstation
KaitaBiomassPowerCo.(HiroshimaGas,ChugokuElectricPower) 112 2021 Assessment
completed Unknown 672
28 Fukushima Somacoreindustrialparkplant
SomaKyodoJikahatsuKaihatsuGodoKaisha 112 3/2018 Assessmentin
progress Unknown 672
29 Ehime SaijoNewNo.1 ShikokuElectricPower 500 3/2023 Assessmentinprogress USC 3,000
30 Akita AkitaPortNo.1(tentative) KENES,Marubeni 650 3/2024 Assessmentinprogress USC 4,330 760
31 Akita AkitaPortNo.2(tentative) KENES,Marubeni 650 6/2024 Assessmentinprogress USC 4,330 760
32 Mie Unknown MCKawajiriEnergyService(MitsubishiCorp.) 112 2019 Assessmentin
progress Unknown 672
33 Hokkaido KushiroPowerStationKushiroPowerStation(KushiroCoalMine,F-Power,IDIInfrastructures,TaiheiyoKaihatsu)
112 2019 Assessmentinprogress Unknown 512 590
34 Yamaguchi NishiokinoyamaNo.1(tentative)
YamaguchiUbePower(J-Power,OsakaGas,UbeIndustries,Ltd.)
600 2023 Assessmentinprogress USC 3,600
35 Kanagawa YokosukaPowerPlant,No.1(tentative)
JERA(TokyoElectricPowerandChugokuElectricPower) 650 2023 Assessmentin
progress USC 3,630 749
36 Kanagawa YokosukaPowerPlant.No.2(tentative)
JERA(TokyoElectricPowerandChugokuElectricPower) 650 2024 Assessmentin
progress USC 3,630 749
37 Chiba (tentative)SogaCoalPower ChibaCoalPower(ChugokuElectricPower,JFESteelCorporation) 1,070 2024 Assessmentin
progress USC 6,420
38 Yamaguchi NishiokinoyamaNo.2(tentative)
YamaguchiUbePower(J-Power,OsakaGas,UbeIndustries) 600 2025 Assessmentin
progress USC 3,600
39 Chiba ChibaSodegauraNo.1(tentative)
ChibaSodegauraEnergy(KyushuElectricPower,IdemitsuKosan,TokyoGas)
1,000 2025 Assessmentinprogress USC 6,000
40 Chiba ChibaSodegauraNo.2(tentative)
ChibaSodegauraEnergy(KyushuElectricPower,IdemitsuKosan,TokyoGas)
1,000 2026 Assessmentinprogress USC 6,000
41 Miyazaki Unknown AsahiKaseiChemicalsCo. 60 3/2018 Planning
SteamTurbine(otherthanSub-C/SC/USC)
360
42 Chiba Unknown KansaiElectricPower 1,000 unknownPlanning(noofficial
announcement)Unknown 6,000
43 Fukushima UnknownSomaKyodoPowerCompany(TEPCO,ChubuElectricPower,TohokuElectricPower)
1,000 unknownPlanning(noofficial
announcement)Unknown 6,000
44 Hyogo AkoNo.1 KansaiElectricPower 600 2020 Canceled SC 3,350 80045 Hyogo AkoNo.2 KansaiElectricPower 600 2020 Canceled SC 3,350
46 Miyagi Sendaiko-TakamatsuPowerPlant(tentative) SumitomoCorp. 112 2021 Canceled Sub-C 672 600
47 Hyogo TakasagoNew-No.1 J-POWER 600 2021 Canceled USC 4,050 770
48 Chiba IchiharaIchiharaThermalPowerGenerationGodoKaisha(KENES,TonenGeneralSekiyu)
1,000 2024 Canceled USC 6,000
49 Hyogo TakasagoNew-No.2 J-POWER 600 2027 Canceled USC 4,050 770
50 Iwate OfunatoBiomasscombustionplant MaedaCorp. 112 Unknown Canceled Unknown 423 472
*1 ListNo.1 to8are includedasexistingpowerplants in thispaperas theyhavealreadystartedoperation.
Source:KikoNetwork,JapanCoalPlantTracker(asofSeptember2018)
Appendix I. List of Coal Power Plants Proposed in 2012 or Later (*1)
Area Plantname Company/Operator Capacity(MW)
PlanningOperation
dateStatus Technology
CO2 emissionkt-CO2/year
CO2 emissionintensityg-CO2/kWh
1 Shizuoka SuzukawaEnergyCenterSuzukawaEnergyCenter(NipponPaperIndustries,MitsubishiCorp.,ChubuElectricPower)
112 9/2016 Operating Sub-C 672
2 Hiroshima OsakiCoolGen OsakiCoolGen(ChugokuElectricPower,J-Power) 166 3/2017 Operating IGCC 706 692
3 Aichi NagoyaNo.2NakayamaNagoyaKyodoHatsuden(GasandPower,NakayamaSteelWorks,OsakaGas)
110 9/2017 Operating Sub-C 660
4 Miyagi SendaiPowerStation SendaiPowerStation(KENES,ItochuEnex) 112 10/2017 Operating Unknown 672
5 Okayama MizushimaEnergyCenterMizushimaEnergyCenter(KandenEnergySolution,MitsubishiCorp.,MitsubishiChemical)
112 12/2017 Operating Unknown 672
6 Miyagi IshinomakiHibarinoNo.1NipponPaperIndustriesIshinomakiEnergyCenter(NipponPaperIndustriesCo.,MitsubishiCorp.)
149 3/2018 Operating Sub-C 894
7 Fukushima Somaenergypark SomaEnergyParkLLC 112 4/2018 Operating Unknown 672
8 Aichi MeinanKyodoEnergyMeinanKyodoEnergyCo.(MeikoTransCo.,SeikaCorp.,JapanEnergyPartners)
31 2/2018 Trialoperation Sub-C 187
9 Fukushima HibikinadaEnergyPark HibikinadaEnergyPark(OrixCorp.,HokuzaiTransport) 112 7/2018 Under
construction Unknown 682 610
10 Akita NipponPaperAkitaPowerPlant NipponPaperIndustriesCo. 112 10/2018 Under
construction Unknown 763 864
11 Fukuoka Hibikinadathermalpowerplant
Hibikinadathermalpowerplant(IDIInfrastructures) 112 2/2019 Under
construction Unknown 584 600
12 Yamaguchi HofuBiomass-coalmixedPowerPlant
AirWater&EnergiaPowerYamaguchiCorporation(ChugokuElectricPower,AirWaterInc.)
112 7/2019 Underconstruction Unknown 672
13 Hiroshima TakeharaNewNo.1 J-POWER 600 6/2020 Underconstruction USC 3,160 766
14 Akita NoshiroNo.3 TohokuElectricPower 600 6/2020 Underconstruction USC 3,140 797
15 Nagasaki MatsuuraNo.2 KyushuElectricPower 1,000 6/2020 Underconstruction USC 6,000
16 Ibaraki KashimaNo.2 KashimaPower(J-Power,NipponSteel&SumikinStainlessSteelCorp.) 645 7/2020 Under
construction USC 3,439 767
17 Fukushima IGCCNakoso
FukushimaRevitalizationPowerConsortium(MitsubishiCorp.Power,MitsubishiHeavyIndustries,MitsubishiElectric,TokyoElectricPower,JobanJointPowerCo.)
540 9/2020 Underconstruction IGCC 2,620 652
18 Fukushima IGCCHirono
FukushimaRevitalizationPowerConsortium(MitsubishiCorporationPower,MitsubishiHeavyIndustries,MitsubishiElectric,TokyoElectric)
540 9/2021 Underconstruction IGCC 2,620 652
19 Aichi TaketoyoNo.5 ChubuElectricPower 1,070 3/2022 Underconstruction USC 5,690 758
20 Yamaguchi TokuyamaEastPowerGenerationNo.3
TKE3(Tokuyama,Marubeni,TokyoCentury) 300 4/2022 Under
construction Unknown 1,800 706
21 Shimane MisumiNo.2 ChugokuElectricPower 1,000 11/2022 Underconstruction USC 5,377 767
22 Ibaraki KamisuPowerstation KamisuPower(Marubeni、KandenEnergySolution) 112 2018 Under
construction Unknown 672
23 Ibaraki HitachinakaKyodoNo.1 HitachinakaGeneration(JERA) 650 2020 Underconstruction USC 3,680 760
24 Hyogo KobePowerPlantNo.3 KobelcoPowerKobe-2 650 2021 Under USC 3,460 760
25 Hyogo KobePowerPlantNo.4 KobelcoPowerKobe-2 650 2022 Underconstruction USC 3,460
22 23
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
IdemitsuKosanCo. 28 ErexNewEnergy 1 18 NipponPaperIndustriesIshinomakiEnergyCenter 1 149 1 1 149
SuzukawaEnergyCenter 1 112 1 1 112SomaenergyparkLLC 1 112 1 1 112SendaiPowerStation 1 112 1 1 112MizushimaEnergyCenter 1 112 1 1 112HofuEnergyServiceCo.,Ltd. 1 80 1 1 80
OsakiCoolGen 1 166 1 1 166NakayamaNagoyaKyodoHatsuden 1 110
SummitHandaPowerCorporation 0 0
AbleEnergy 1 112 Total(*4) 91 46,766 70 117 44,119
*1 Thegovernment'sElectricPowerStatistics (Agency forNaturalResourcesandEnergy)donotdisclosethenumberofunitsineachpowerplant.Also,insomecases,thenumberofpowerplantsandmaximumoutput forsomeplantsdonotmatchotherstatisticsor informationreleasedbycompanies.Forexample,TEPCOFuel&Powerhas twocoalpowerplants,HitachinakaandHirono,but thegovernmentstatisticsonlycount themasone.Thegovernment'scountofHokurikuElectricandChugokuElectricpowerplantsalsodonotmatchwithresearchbyKikoNetwork.
*2 No informationpublicallyavailablecanbe foundabout theexistenceandconditionofpowerplantscoloredinpink,mainlyofpaperandpulpcompanies,sothoseplantsarenotincludedinthisreport.Iftheywereallincluded,theywouldamounttoatotaladditionalcapacityof2,647MW.
*3 Powerplantscolored inblueareplantsplanned in2012or laterandaremonitoredas“newplants”under theJapanCoalPlantTracker(https://sekitan.jp/plant-map/en).However, thoseare included inthisphase-outplanastheyhadalreadystartedoperatingasofApril2018.
*4 Thepowerplantsinthisreportcover94.5%ofthecapacityreportedinthegovernment'sElectricPowerStatistics.
Appendix II. The Number of Existing Power Plants (ComparisonbetweengovernmentalElectricPowerStatisticsandKikoNetworkresearch)(*1,2,3)
Company/Operator
ElectricPowerStatistics(Govʼt)(April2018) ResearchbyKikoNetwork
Numberofplants
Maximumcapacity(MW)
Numberofplants Units Maximum
capacity(MW)J-POWER 7 8,162 7 15 8,162TEPCOFuel&Power(*1) 1 3,200 2 4 3,200ChubuElectricPower 1 4,100 1 5 4,100TohokuElectricPower 2 3,200 2 4 3,200SomaKyodoPowerCompany 1 2,000 1 2 2,000
HokkaidoElectricPower 3 2,250 3 7 2,250HokurikuElectricPowerCompany 2 2,900 3 6 2,900
KyusyuElectricPower 3 2,460 3 4 2,460ChugokuElectricPower 3 2,590 5 6 2,581JobanKyodoPowerCompany 1 1,700 1 4 1,700
KansaiElectricPower 1 1,800 1 2 1,800ShikokuElectricPower 2 1,106 3 4 1,106KobelcoPowerKobe 1 1,400 1 2 1,400NipponSteel&SumitomoMetalCo. 5 1,295 5 5 1,295
SumitomoJointElectricPower 3 580 2 5 580
UbeIndustries 2 414 2 3 418SakataKyodoPowerCompany 1 700 1 2 700
TobataCo-operativeThermalPower 0 415 1 3 415
OkinawaElectricPower 2 752 2 4 752MiikePower 1 175 1 1 175SumitomoOsakaCement 2 225 2 3 225NipponSteel&SumikinStainlessSteelCorporation 2 105 1 2 106
Meikaipowercompany 1 147 1 1 147MitsubishiChemicalCorporation 1 141 1 1 147
SummitOnahamaSPowerCorp. 1 56 1 1 50
ErexNewEnergy,Saeki 1 45 1 1 50MombetsuBiomassElectricPowerCo. 1 50 1 1 50
AsahiKaseiNSEnergy 1 50 1 1 50TosaPower 1 167 1 1 167ItoigawaPowerCompany 1 149 1 1 149NakayamaNagoyapowercompany 2 259 1 1 149
Tokuyama 2 552 2 5 552NipponPaperIndustries 8 916 1 1 80DaicelCorp. 1 89 1 1 50DaioPaperCorporation 1 519 OjiPaperCo. 1 268 MarusumiPaperCo. 2 189 MitsubishiMaterialsCorporation 2 115
OjiMateriaCorporation 4 247 MCMEnergyServiceCo 2 131 MitsubishiPaperMillsLimited 1 58
TaiheiyoCementCorporation 1 50
RengoCo. 1 41
22 23
Japan Coal P
hase-Out: The P
ath to Phase-O
ut by 2030
IdemitsuKosanCo. 28 ErexNewEnergy 1 18 NipponPaperIndustriesIshinomakiEnergyCenter 1 149 1 1 149
SuzukawaEnergyCenter 1 112 1 1 112SomaenergyparkLLC 1 112 1 1 112SendaiPowerStation 1 112 1 1 112MizushimaEnergyCenter 1 112 1 1 112HofuEnergyServiceCo.,Ltd. 1 80 1 1 80
OsakiCoolGen 1 166 1 1 166NakayamaNagoyaKyodoHatsuden 1 110
SummitHandaPowerCorporation 0 0
AbleEnergy 1 112 Total(*4) 91 46,766 70 117 44,119
*1 Thegovernment'sElectricPowerStatistics (Agency forNaturalResourcesandEnergy)donotdisclosethenumberofunitsineachpowerplant.Also,insomecases,thenumberofpowerplantsandmaximumoutput forsomeplantsdonotmatchotherstatisticsor informationreleasedbycompanies.Forexample,TEPCOFuel&Powerhas twocoalpowerplants,HitachinakaandHirono,but thegovernmentstatisticsonlycount themasone.Thegovernment'scountofHokurikuElectricandChugokuElectricpowerplantsalsodonotmatchwithresearchbyKikoNetwork.
*2 No informationpublicallyavailablecanbe foundabout theexistenceandconditionofpowerplantscoloredinpink,mainlyofpaperandpulpcompanies,sothoseplantsarenotincludedinthisreport.Iftheywereallincluded,theywouldamounttoatotaladditionalcapacityof2,647MW.
*3 Powerplantscolored inblueareplantsplanned in2012or laterandaremonitoredas“newplants”under theJapanCoalPlantTracker(https://sekitan.jp/plant-map/en).However, thoseare included inthisphase-outplanastheyhadalreadystartedoperatingasofApril2018.
*4 Thepowerplantsinthisreportcover94.5%ofthecapacityreportedinthegovernment'sElectricPowerStatistics.
Appendix II. The Number of Existing Power Plants (ComparisonbetweengovernmentalElectricPowerStatisticsandKikoNetworkresearch)(*1,2,3)
Company/Operator
ElectricPowerStatistics(Govʼt)(April2018) ResearchbyKikoNetwork
Numberofplants
Maximumcapacity(MW)
Numberofplants Units Maximum
capacity(MW)J-POWER 7 8,162 7 15 8,162TEPCOFuel&Power(*1) 1 3,200 2 4 3,200ChubuElectricPower 1 4,100 1 5 4,100TohokuElectricPower 2 3,200 2 4 3,200SomaKyodoPowerCompany 1 2,000 1 2 2,000
HokkaidoElectricPower 3 2,250 3 7 2,250HokurikuElectricPowerCompany 2 2,900 3 6 2,900
KyusyuElectricPower 3 2,460 3 4 2,460ChugokuElectricPower 3 2,590 5 6 2,581JobanKyodoPowerCompany 1 1,700 1 4 1,700
KansaiElectricPower 1 1,800 1 2 1,800ShikokuElectricPower 2 1,106 3 4 1,106KobelcoPowerKobe 1 1,400 1 2 1,400NipponSteel&SumitomoMetalCo. 5 1,295 5 5 1,295
SumitomoJointElectricPower 3 580 2 5 580
UbeIndustries 2 414 2 3 418SakataKyodoPowerCompany 1 700 1 2 700
TobataCo-operativeThermalPower 0 415 1 3 415
OkinawaElectricPower 2 752 2 4 752MiikePower 1 175 1 1 175SumitomoOsakaCement 2 225 2 3 225NipponSteel&SumikinStainlessSteelCorporation 2 105 1 2 106
Meikaipowercompany 1 147 1 1 147MitsubishiChemicalCorporation 1 141 1 1 147
SummitOnahamaSPowerCorp. 1 56 1 1 50
ErexNewEnergy,Saeki 1 45 1 1 50MombetsuBiomassElectricPowerCo. 1 50 1 1 50
AsahiKaseiNSEnergy 1 50 1 1 50TosaPower 1 167 1 1 167ItoigawaPowerCompany 1 149 1 1 149NakayamaNagoyapowercompany 2 259 1 1 149
Tokuyama 2 552 2 5 552NipponPaperIndustries 8 916 1 1 80DaicelCorp. 1 89 1 1 50DaioPaperCorporation 1 519 OjiPaperCo. 1 268 MarusumiPaperCo. 2 189 MitsubishiMaterialsCorporation 2 115
OjiMateriaCorporation 4 247 MCMEnergyServiceCo 2 131 MitsubishiPaperMillsLimited 1 58
TaiheiyoCementCorporation 1 50
RengoCo. 1 41
Published by: Kiko Network https://www.kikonet.orgNovember2018
Tokyo Offi ce6F,Ichibancho-MurakamiBldg.,9-7,Ichibancho,
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Authors:KimikoHirata,HiroshiIto