. I

' I .

:t..• .·

..,. . r . ,

Vot. m, NO·. 3 . ., . . . : - - . WORKING FOR A. FREE' WORLD .· . . -~ .

· - Janaury 1990 · . . . "' """' .

.. '

Comm·unism ... The End of an Error

. I ol' ~ ·~· ' 1' •

·, .

/

Side .. ; ..... ~ ........... .-..... p.4 Empire ............... p.6 .

Anthem ........................ p .8

' . \

. - ....- I

. _,_

. .

Page2 BING:SAMTON REVIEW January 1990

e-. ' ' •··· ..

I o :_r · 1 a Ignerance is bliss. And -at no time has it been more obvious ­

than during these past _months ~ of momentous tulllioil in the Soviet Union. · One would thinl( that the revolutionary changes that '\re pccuiring iu Eastern Europe and the ~Soviet Republics ·would cra<;k the nut of ignorance in the West. But no such luck. ·

Western journalists: · acade~ics and our own State Departmen! art: .. caught up ·in __ th~ illus~on · tha! ~ik~ail · Gorbachev IS a hberahzer who has a moraltmperatlve behtnd hi~ -action~. This trend)s pa~fully opvious~on thec-:campus of

·SUNY Binghamton where Ideological blinders have been thrown over the eyes of those who defend the sgcialist system. · For example, the January 25 issue of.QEE carried· an,_article entitle~; "AgaiiJ.st In~asi~ns'':, which ex~mJ?lified the attitQde of - ~ the typical Sovtet ·apologist._ The author clarms that the changes­in the Soviet Union came·about because of the Soviets' respect for "people·'s sovereignty"-, and that, "the~ ·in oral example of . the Soviet U~iOJ?- should~ emulated by the United States."

v. It would do a g reat deal· of good if those who have praised , ·Gorbachev would take . the time to review his past years · in . office. · ' · ·

The fin~l years of the Afghanistan war under. Gorbachev . · were marked by mass · carnage. The butchers of Kabul receive $400 million a month from Moscow, almo~t doubling the $250 million they re.ceivt:~ in years .past . . ~ere st~ll remains mo~e th~ forty · Sovtet _military advtsors stationed In KabtJ-1, and In direct violation of U.S- Soviet agreemertts, Soviet pilots have carried out operations over Afghanistan~ .

. ' ' ...... ,

"· . j .

. In April of 1989, Soviet !rOORS, on . orders- from t~e­-Politburo, were s·ent to break up ~aceful pro-democracy ralh~s

in Tibilisi., Georgi~. The troops OJ?,~ned fire 9n the· unall?ed crqwds _wifh: chemical weapons, -killing many. Men, women,

. and children who ran· into. churches to escape the troops were shot ~d killed in the pews. · · _ ·. . - ,

. . The blo~dy . assault by F .M.L~N. terrorists ·in El Salvador . was , ma~e possible ,by large shipfilents of $oviet arms sent to th~ F.M._L.N. through Cuba and Ntcaragua. . . , _ '. _

· Tite S_oviets provide the Marxjst gov~mment of Angola with · · $1 billion a year. The famine in Ethiopia, self-induced by it's . totalitarian · government still receives· Gorbachev's support -. through military aid. . ·

, , I • Finally, as. the Wes~ extols Gorbachev for his·, great . achievemen~s with -glasnost; let us. keep these facts iri mifld.

·When Article Six of the Soviet constitution( which p roclaims the communist party as the only legitimate force in the ~ U .~.S.R~) .~ came up for _ discussion last year, Gor~;>achev quickly suppressed any attempt to challenge one· party rule. , In · Novelll:ber of 1989, Gorbachev ordered the removal of the . editor of an outspoken Soviet journal, who had :previously

· resisted p~essure to resign. . · · " '

- It _is ironic that the people who author articles like"Against . Invasions" can de·scribe sa vividly as known facts all the coyeri

-.horrors of the U .. S. government and the murderous CIA; but can still be totally mesmerized by the irinocence and moral example of a country whose, seventy-two year history has been built on lies, propag~da ~d totalitarian terror. . .

. J

K.D . . and. E.B.

,_ -~ll\ingbamwn ' ltttli~bJ EXECUTIVE BOAAD· -

Editor-in-Chief Executive Diretor · Managing Edifor Copy Editor Publishing Editor­Treasurer .

· · Kathryn M. Doherty · · Ephraim R. Bernstein

Brian: D. Sullivan Matthew ·Carr

StUart Symons

When thousarlds of Chinese students were mowed down in Beijing I I.

Staf{ - .

"'):, '.

Graduate Advisor · Hon~rary Advisor

_ Katrina Schwing .

. . \.

Joseph A. Ro·senthal Richard Carr

· Andrew Heintz · Steve Kaplan

. . Alexader Arevalo Adam Bromberg

John Maggio · Paul Schnier

David Lozner Hudson Bronn~r

Paul G. Scolese Ronald W. E,eagan

Binghamton Review is a non-P!ofit stuoent journal of news, commentary, and analysis published m~mthly. Students at Biligh;unton receive the Review free of charge. · _ .

Letters to the editor. are encouraged and should be sent to ·Binghamton Review, ·sUNY-'Binghamton, . P .O. B.ox 2000,

. Binghamton, N .Y. 13901 or broJlght to the Binghamton Review office at UU 164.

All submissions to the Review beco~e tlie property of the Review. The Rev-iew res~es the right to ydit _,.and .print any submissionS. A!l opinions exr'J;(;ssed are those of the author

. and do not micessanly reflect the opinions of the Review. · · ·

,· .

Here a~e- Yasir Arafat's actual words to Chinese ComrntJnist Party · ·G.eneral Secret~ry Jiang Zemin, translated from the Beijing People's Daily:

~ . ' -~

--_ How can a.,yone expect Israel to place its fut·ure in . ~- .. the hands of those who praise wholesale murder?

•, .· '· . ' . .

,\

· January 1990 · BINGHAMTON REVIEW Page3

. \

. - ~- ~> 7

Soviet Civii .· War · Reagan Doctrine by David Lozner

Since. ~ 1985, when Mikhail Go:rbachev became the new Soviet leader, drastic _ changes havy been overwhelming the Soviet Union and Eastern ~urope. Unprecedented series of events have been sweeping ' through the "Socialis~ Bloc" wiping out the last traces of corrupt, dictatorial one-party rule and liberating some nations from the iron grip of the Soviet. Union. ·

The · S,tr_uggle for democrat- · · · ization, however, has been ari >

uneven one: 'whereas iri some East European countries the winds of -

_ change have brought relief through · peaceful demonstrations, in others,

· violence. Nagomo-Karabakh is an . Christian-Armenian enclave in a sea

of Shi'a Muslim .Azeris. The control of the · territory has passed back and forth · between Azeri and · Armenian for ce~turies. · It is curr~ntly governed by Azerbaij_an. This was arranged by Stalin to help stir up _ethnic animosity and

-maintain Soviet influence .over ooth the . republics by keeping them .· fighting with each other, rather than ·

· · uniting - against · their .~so·viet overlords. · ·

, The recent fighting between the - · . , Azeris and .the Armenian's has left · many dead, _-towns destroyed, and

thousands of refugees. Pogroms of Armenian · residents of Baku, the capital city of Azerbaijan; sparked

like Romania, liberation has been· achieved through a bloody revolution filled with dea'th and destruction. Nonetheless, whether peacefully-or through armed struggle, the .desired re~ult liberation from Communist

·- off this lates.~ episode in .the two year · old eivil war. ·The unrest has reached

. a point where local officials are , abandoning· efforts to maintain

dictatorship. , '-Mikhail · Gorbachev has been

. observ~ng the withering, awa)' . of Communist hold over Eastern ·Europe with concern and anxiety.· . . After all, he is the catalyst, the father of these radical events. Although he i~ voicing overwhelming support for the changes, · Gorbachev knows well that the revolution Sweeping through Eastern Europe . is creating unrest within the Soviet Union. ·

This unrest has taken the foirn of nationalist upheavals and . secessionist movements. The General-Secretary has unleashed a series of challenges with his reforms

· which are threatening the core of the system upon which the. Union of the

• · Soviet Socialist Republics rests. ·. The nation's economy is no)onger

the only criti((al issue concerning the · -new Soviet politics. Nationalist ·

. dissent has emerged as another major· -challenge facing · the current leader~hip of the nation. Without internal stability, Gorbachev's _ .. strategies and tactics of restructuring are doomed to failure.

One of the major issues being tackled by · the General-Secretary ·is the iildependen_ce drive in the Baltic republics. He is trying to preserve the integrity · ·of the Soviet Upion through personal persuasion. Facing a separatist movement in Lithuania, . Gorbachev wisely refrained from using force and bas been attempting to handle .. . the situation. through peaceful negotiations. Using. exhortations in his attempts,

. Gorbachev realizes that violent · repression of the peaceful Lithuanian independence drive would be a tragic . mistake and a deyastating setback for . his fgreign and domestic policies.

The sitUation in the Caucasus is completely different from that of the Baltics. The recent nationalist uprisings in Azerbaijan have been rife·· with ethnic violence, 'quite different . from the · peaceful movements of the1 Baltics. The cause of the fighting stems from the, dispute over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. The area, which is claimed by both· Azeris and Armenians, h:as been the scene · of bombings, strikes, terrorist acts, and· hostage taking. The smoldering animosities finally ignited into a full blown civil war just a couple o~ weeks ago. _- <

The conflict between ·the Azeris and Armenians ' is the result of long

· standing religious, national, and territorial antipathy. This region has -long been embroiled in ethnic

- f

public order.<· · -Gorbachev responded to the

unrest~ by cJeclaring a state of · emergency in parts of Azerbaijan and ­ordering th~ - army, navy; ·Interior Ministry forces and KGB security for.ces to help contain ethnic hostilities. The fighting included an attack on a naval blockade around Baku. . Azerbaijan~ which is the

-Texas of the Soviet Union, is now . occupied by . the Red Army. Since Gorbachev sent the tr~ps iri. TASS has reported over 3,700 ~pie have been ~illed 'and some 10,000 have

- been injured In the dashes. The New York Times reported

that Mr. Mamedas, -one of the leading figures of the Azerbaijan Popular Front, a nationalist group which has gained wide influence throughout the republic, ·said that )lis organization has · weapons and

- munitions factories whi~h will ·· support the -resistance. "We are ready to fight with the Armenians ­and even with tbe Union. We have · military formations, and the entire

- republic is being put on a military ·. footing: If 1Qe Russians want a new , Afghanistan, they will have it. We · are a nation facing aggressors, and the Russians Empire _ supports the aggressors." ·

The-.... Azeris · are angry at Gorbachev for sending troops to

·"their territory." In addition, ld~al gqvernment officials are ·. also expressing frustrations.' The Azeti parliament has demanded the. prompt withdrawal o(Sovjet troops from the Baku and threatened secession if its _ demand is not met _

These two nationalist crises -the-indePendence campaign in . the . Baltic region and the eruption of · ethnic conflict in -the Caucasus -seem to be spinning out of Gorbachev's control. . Moscow has · been reluctant_ to employ the · military in civil disturbances since the national outrage that followed

. - the killing of peaceful protest<>rs in Georgia last April. Gorbachev ~s probably in a better position to deal with the Baltic Situation since that matter is more likely to be settled peacefully. The crisis in Azerbaijan, however, has gone out of yontrol and. · the need for troops to put down well­armed civilian - groups was inevitable~ ··

It ... is • very unlikely that. Gorbachev will be able to bring stability and-peace to the regiQn by any means, whether peaceful or . forceful. _The outcome can only be told with time. · ·

by Adam Bromberg . , - · The Soviet empire is crumbling and the cold war is coming closer 'and closer to an end. Many ignorant people have given the credit for these monumental changes to Mikhail Gorbachev; , Well, I hate' to bqrst their bubble but ti'Hs assertion is totally false. rhe policies of Ronald Reagan and George Bush have · created the

. present situatign in the world. They-· have proven that the; policy of peace through strength works and that we must negotiate from a position of strength, not weakness.

Ten years ago our defensive capabilities w,ere at dangerousLy low levels. Ten of the Army's sixteb1 divisions were rated "not combat ready" due to shortages of manpower, spare parts, fuel, ammunition and training.' More · than 40% of the Air Force and Navy combat aircrafts were not fully missionable. Not surp~isingly, during this time the communists forced their · greatest offensive. ·They invaded Afghanistan and started expanding into· Central America and AfriCa. · During . the period of 197 4-1980 ten nations were brought . into the communist fold.

· .The United States just did not hav~ the strength, militarily or diplomatically to stand up to the Soviets. Wben ,the ·Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan; we· boycotted the Olympics. The United States was virtually helpless.

rebuilt our defenses the~soviet'·s came to us with offers of arms . contrql. . J>roposals that we earlier proposed and they rejected, th~y were now willing to accept. As a result, the United States now has the INF Treaty. _

· LeCs go ·through, some of the. accomplishments .of the last nine years.

/ - In Afghanistan the strong U.S. su_pport of the Mujahadeen resistance has led to th-e withdrawal of I 00 000 Soviet troops. · · · ' · - In Angola the strong U.S. support of the UNIT A rebels will lead to the pulling out of 50,0oo Cuban troops . - East Germany" has allowed free

· entry and exit (not that anyone is rushing to get in.) - Poland held free elections and now has a Solidarity lead government and a non-Communist Prime Minister - Hungary has dumped Communism and is demanding the withdrawal of . Red Army units. _ - Czechoslovakia has a playwright Prime Minister Vaclav Havel · a former opposition figure and ·a . burgeoning democracy. - ·Romania is 'how freed from the tyrannical Ceasceuscu clan and has a · good chance at freedom and .democracy .. - The Soviet Union held minor elections · early last year and the Co~munist party' was embarrassed. · These examples · show very

clearly that because America took a · strong leadership role -in the world,

. L

" ... ourr iza!ion has. become in fact what it has always _·been ·in principle, 'the last best hope .of mankind on earth."' ·

. Since Ronald Reagan came into office in 1981, hot one natiol) has fallen · to . communism . and · totalitarianism is in retreat. - Because Reagan and Bush reb~ilt our national defenses to their -present, capabilities . we · were· able tci stand_ up to. the Soviet's·. We can now help · those . who are Jooking,for _an alternative to .

- Marxist-Leninist rule; . like in Afghanistan~ Nicaragua, Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Cambodia and Eastern Europe. In addition we were n,o longer afiald ·to use force wheJ1-necessary, like in Libya and Grenada.

In the early 1980's when we ·. were milita1;"ily . weak, the Soviet Union walked . away from the negotiating table. After Reagan

,...>

~ommunism . is now starting to crumble. In th~ years since 1980, om nation has become in fact what it has always been in principle, "the last besthope _ofmankind on earth." _ · It is dear th~t the .Reagan­Bush policies and not Gorbachev has brought the flourishing of democracy in the world. · . After -all these· accomplishments 'we must continue on this ~ath, we can not go back to whe.t:e we were in 1980. We must · support; these new_ democracies, and encourage more countries to enter the free world . . We must continue ·to promote and defend liberty all over the' world. We must be a strong united nation that is willing ahd able to

· defend our values all over ~e world. ·

Page4 ·BINGHAMTON REVIEW _ January 1990

. ' ~ IIlii I . ·, .·. . U. S.AJ=======

Withthe.opening ofthe .One .llundred ­(lnd First (;ongress ·, the conversation ·

. . . . . . ~- . '

quickly ~urned to the Panama invasion.. .· · Ted Kennedy stood up and proclaimed ·· that: it was illegal and immoral. Really · -.Mr. Kennedy the Se.natejloor is no place .

--: . ·to discuss your .date at C happaquiddick. . . . . ~

·. According to .Freed_om House, a noh- . partisan organization ,dedicated ·to civil ·and-human rights around the world; more · people are .living under freedom: than ever

. /

·before. -. 1989_ was a banner ~year for freed~m. · One ·can only hope that 1990_ ·. ·sees fre·edom expand to ihe areas of the world still run . 9Y tyi-ants and petty dictators~ . --.

(

. I

\

/ '

' ' . . ' I ·~ · .klL I

. . . - .- . .

. . ·_ ·The Pomino Tfz~ory works! In reverse -~-~ · that is~ · ~ · ., · ~. · ·

I I.

· With the -elif!Zination· of the Ceausescu ·one F amity State of Romania, one can ·_­only .. -wonder how long before ihe·Castro One ~Fami-ty- Sta-te -. of_ Cuba ·.will ·be /

· eliminated.

WEU. NO Wova:R ~­lMESE ~ JeJl1'S .

·SO lOW! .. :rnEY LEFT OUT OOR ~- R>R -

.NINTENJXJ.~.l . ·

New Drinking La~: Down Goes the .. Berlin Wall, up goes the Bar Wall.

. t .

''The term 'dem.ocratic socialist'-makes as much sense as 'pregnant virginity. u' .

· -RussellProwse

h .

.\

.~ January 1990. JUNGHAMTON REVIEW I • • :':: ' _.. '•

' Page 5 ; .., '

.• ·C Marion BGrry}ust couldn't s(Jy. nO. .. -

' ' ·' .

/ . 00, SON ... N=TER . . . ALL 1HE CXJIJ.8SE

'lQVL.~ANP co~ WHO IXlYO(JlHINK 15 , NUM/IERGWEP ••.

"''·' / .,. R· o~O:~nian ~tudents liave: -decided . to l · . boycott· university professors ~ho put . _communism qlzeQd of truth. , It's .too oad ·

·sUNY:.Bingha_mton : isn't in Romania. .Thai wo.uld . sute put . a lat . of SUNY-_

· ·.:Bif'lghainton professors out of .~o~k . . : _

. Nor{(!ga __ has-claimed ihat he zs_aP.O.W.; we·· 9a!i ·· Of!lY ,a$sume fhat _· stan_ds for . ·Pockmarked Obese Warmonger.

. ' - j. . , . ' 1 - .:-

. . )

......... - . ~·- -. -.. ... ... . -~·· .- . . r ' "

:'\ - ~ . ..

. J~~-- '_·

Miami police have, dra_1¥rt up,a ,er.owd ... · · · cofitroJ Jilan. for what th'ey feet ·will be:,-_·

. -· mass celebrationamorigst-Miami's .many · Cubans ij-Fidel Castro · sl}ould fall . . The

-~_ Binghamton ~eview -- _will_ ·_proudly _· provide a_ir fare should this -occu~~ . · ·

. .. . ...: ! ~ .

'· ._ .

-'-'Government of the duds, by 'the duds, _ ~and for th·e duds." . . __ .

: · -·: . . -~Winston Churchill on socia!ist __ · gt)vernments

.. -.-- Oliver Stone is -,Z,ow in-hot water . . In his · \ ·_,·.-' l~tcstflick, '~Born on _the.F our(~ of July" ­

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~ · hed~ic~aviokntdemons~ationthat

·. never·occurred at Syracuse University • ·_ · ,He .isnow )being sued by a S.U. police

. ,

· fr Man's _ cdpa,city- for justice · mq~es ~ deriiocrqcy . possible, .· ·but ·m-an's .

. in~lination to injustice makes de11J,o·cra~y 11ecessary. ~'

-Rf!ilihold Niebuhr /'

\ - I

· · · . offi~er. ·Perhaps this is indicative of !he -·- . rfruthfulness -of a'lZ of Stpne 'ss ·previous ·

· .cinematic zirconia. ' '\ '•

- , T •

. ' .

. '

; '

\ J

• I

~ · .. .

.. ,.,.... '

"'·

_ Page6 - BINGHAMTON REVIEW _ Januar~ 1990

Dismantling. ·the ., .;..... .:,- • r. •

by Matthew- Carr While-near civil war rages on in

the .Caucasian republics of Armenia an1l Azerbaijan, Lithuania-has been in the va~guard of peaceful chal)g~. LaSt year the Lithuanian Communist Party declarect itself independent from the Soviet Communist Party, the ­first such schism in the party . since the October Revolution of 1917. Several days later the Latvian

·Communist Party followed suit. During Gorbachev's recent visit

to Lithuania he encountered huge demonstrations of thousands, flying ·national flags and holding signs ­calling · for an end of Soviet occupation . and withdrawal of the Red Army from Lithuania. Today Lithuania Is on the verge :or gaining independeQce, with both the popular front, Sajudis, and the Lithuanian Comrrhinist · Party, supporting this goal.. · · · --- · · · -

__ These events. point to the de­colonization of the Soviet Empire. -This process is strongest in the Baltic republics, particularly in Ljthu~mia. A little history will helps to explain why this is so.

The restoration of Lithm,mian · i11dependenc~ first occurred o.n February 16, 1918. This followed the :Solshevik Revolution which.

· supported self-determination for the peoples of the Russian Empire. On July 12, 1920 the S:oviet Union signed- a peace treaty officially recognized Lithuania as -an indepen-dent state and renounced all territorial claims based on the Ru~sian Empire. · The Baltic republics' rernained-inde~ndent untill939. · ·

The Molotov-Ribbentr9p Pact gave the Soviet Union the assurance it ' needed to annex ·the Baltic rep,uolics . unmolested -by German' opposition~ Under the threat of invasion, the Red.,Army was allQwed .

- to occupy the ,three J::epublics, set up puppet governments; and then carry

· oqt- fraudulent election which the Soviets <used to claim that the republics had voluntarily joined the U.S.S.R.. In 1944, the Baldcs were reoccupied by the Soviets·, who then _

.r

carried out executions and mass deportations to Siberia.

To insure control of the Baltic republics the Soviet Union has pursued policies of russification and. colonization by encouragirtg ethnic -Russians to move into tlie region. By settling Russians in . these republics they have created internal opposition to independence. This is clearly seen by the rise o{ anti-Baltic

. independence movements and strikes -within the Baltic republics them- _ selves~ ·

·For · all intents and purposes . !here is little Gorbachev can do short of sending in the Red Arinyto crush the restoration ·of a free -Lithuania. To this· end, the question which n9w. _appews to !require answering is

_ whether or not i't is possible for Gorbachev. to find a face saving. Way . ·to allow Lithuania to slip away from the U.S.S.R. without appearing ·as though; he has caved into secess- · ionist pressures. The answer to this question is very uncertain . . What is sure, though; is that once Lithuania

"THIS OFFER VOID IN ~!THUANIA AND OTHER BALTIC STAT~S .... " ' '

.Clearly, the potential for a violen.t Soviet reaction is extremely '

. high. This docs not mean, however, · · · · tnat intervention -is . inevitable.: -

·_- First, an invasion of Liihuania woul_d end Gorbachev's honeymoon with the·westem media and public: ·A. Tiananmen Square massacre of PliS' size would destroy Gorbachev's image · in the West. Also, the reoccup~tio_n of Lithuania would, probabl~ be ~a very bl~ody affair. And finally, this could also kill Glasnost and P~restroika, especiatly since Lithuania has been one of its. leading proponents.

goes there are nearly a h8J.f.:.dozen other republics which would be likely to follow suit. , When Lithuania leave's, Latvia and Estonia are likely to eJ(pect the same treatment Georgia would also probably declare itself independent · and if the Red Army occupation of ·Azerbaijan · continues _ ther:e - is -certainly a significant chance that they will .attempt to. secede also. Moldavia, which was a part of Romania before Stalin annexed it, is likely . to seek reunification with Romania now that the Ceausescus

. are gone.

' I • •

The Soviet Union is now going through a process which every colonial empire has experienced· thi~

, ceJituty - decolonization. Perhaps the Soviets foolishly believed, that Marxism-would deliver them to the promised land where nationalism would have no influenced ·over the peoples of the Soviet Empire. Whatever they believed, they com­pletely misunderstood that message of decolonization. ·It w-as not that socialism,. but nationalism that was sweeping the world. . . ' - .

If Gorbachev is truly serious . abopt reform, he must r~ognize the fact that colonies are almost always

' a net loss for the mother ~_gun try. He has alrea4y acknowledged this fact by dumping Eastern Europe. The states outside of the Soviet · Union could. be cast aside without any direct harm ·coming · to · the Soviet .psyche or state. Now the more difficult part of decolonization must occur.

The non-Russian republics which demand liberation must have it. Those republics which choose to stay in the Soviet Union will expect

_ a more equitable system whereby ' they will no longer be treated as

merely"colonies ruled by Moscow. ~ · Change has come to the Soviet Union. However, Gorbachev-already seems to have been overtaken by its speed: _ Only rapid concessions to groups demanding independence will head off violence. If Gorbachev hesitates for too long he, may be

. forced _ to choose between the Chinese solution, bloody repression ·

. of freedom or. become victim of the ' Romanian solution, bloody ,revolution for freedom.

''

WHICH ·Is . MORE r-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~llf yon ~boose the uhborn chi-d, sorry,

{

A' : t) \ \

I ,\/ · ~' '\

you'·re. wrong.-.. at _- least .according to the . laws in ·this cQuntry~ Yon see, the pen~lty -,. for taking or destroying an eagl~'s . egg. is $5,000.00 and a ye~~ in jail, 'but the penalty for _taking an unborn child's . life . is nothing. . In fact, ·people get

·paid a. lot .of money · for_ doing it! ·

Does something seem wrong to you? - It ·is. You· can ,help to protect the· /~nbQrn

J ' - babies in ·_ this _country. Let's- ta·ke our ~- A_N_- _UN_-B_O~R_N ___ EA~G_L~E~~~---~-N~_ U_N~B_O_R_N_C_H_JL~ . chil~ren ~~ the endangered list.

, I

'-.

J~nuary 1~90 BINGHAMTON. ~EY~W ", Page7

. . . . . . . •. . ·.

Ukrainian lnd~ependence Day by Frank Janecek

Seventy-two years after .the declanitiori of an independent Ukraine January 22 remains . the most · i~portant . date in _modem Ukrainian )

. history. On Sunday, January 21, ~

and Monday, January ·22 U~inhm­Americans marked the seventy-

. second . anniversary of ' their homeland's deClaration of indepen- . de nee. ·In the Triple Cities, several

· celebrations were held, ranging from religious services to flag raisings. All of these events. repre~ent an important link between Americans of Ukrainian extra~tion and past and present events in Ukraine.,

The celebrations of these two days highlight some of the contradictions· found in ·Gorbachev's policy of Glasnost when dealing with Ukraine. The Divine Liturgies (Masses) celebrated on . Sunday· morning remjnd one - that the

- Ukraiiljan Catholi<;. Church and the Ukrainian ·· Orthodox · ·Church essentially r~main semf-legal in the case of the former and illegal in the case of the latter. It is true th~t Ukrainian Catholic parishes may now be registered. with local authorities., but it is not legally permitted to reestablish · it§_ hierarchy, ope-n religious· communities or reClaim seiZed church.property. .

As receQtly as l~te November, TASS · reported the arrest of Ukrainian Catholic priests· saying

:.. mass. The display of blue and gold Ukrainian flags, the national trident, and· the singing of independent

. Ukraine's national anthem all remain illegal acts in the U.S~S.R. today.

Fortunately, there is no · such persecution of Ukrainians here. In fact the mayors of Binghamton, Johnson City, and our state senator, Tom Libous, ail issued_. decrees re~ognizing January 22 as Ukrainian Independence Day;

Last year Governor Cuomo., refused to do so because such actions might-"offend" Mr. Gorbachey and the Soviets. · Perhaps Governor ~ Cuomo is just sh9wing how he would deal with the Soviet Union· if

. he were ever elected president. ' The . flag. raisings in Binghamton and

J ohrison . City· also vividJy demonstrate continu~ support for an indzpendent~e. ·

St. John's Ukrainian Ofthodox Church "'host~d a · program commemorating Ukrainian indepen­den_ce on January · 21. The well

, attended Sunday night program, · which was conducted primarily J.n Ukrainian, opened with . rousing

=renditions of the American and Ukrainian national anthems. The performance of St. John's choir and the young ladies'-choir allowed many to recall the soQgs and faiths of their. homeland.

Recitations by SUM arid Plast (Ulqainian ydutti groups) reminded · many that ·these organizations ate still illegaJ ·in Ukrain~ and that the KGB ·and Soviet militia .raided a yQuth camp · near Lviv this / past summer; burning Ukrainian flags and books, ~ting teenage members and instructors . . · The evening included folk dancing and the . traditional saber ~ce and concluded with a re.ception of . sumptu~u~

: Ukrainian desSerts. The evening's keynote speaker

was :Mr. Orest Deychak:iwsky of the U.S. Commission on Security and

Cooperation in· Europe, also known as · the U.S. Helsinki Commission. Mr. Deychakiwsky's presentation pointed to many of the recent rays of . hope ih the old . cm~ntry ·and the · importance of such commemorations · in the free world. _ He told the

· audience that while tl)ey were · listening to him UkrainiaJ;ls were linking hands and forming a human chain from Lviv to Kiev in order to demonstrate their support for greater local' independence~ This is one of a · series of d{m1onstrations that would~

have been unthinkable only a few . years ago . .

He also mentioned the upcoming March 4th elections in which _many non.-party canqidates are expected tO.J Un and win .- Fears

· have be~n voiced by many that Communist Party . officials will again use non-Ukrainian Red Army _, troop~ to vote · in th.ese . local elections to distort the results and dilute th~ strength of -Ukrainian

' voters. Mr. Deychakiwsky said that on~ way of · preventing- such

_, fraudulent eleetion would l>e for the American public and media _ to . closely scrutinize the election' process and if fraud · occurs, vigorously protest it/ Finally, he stated that Ukrainian~v~ry much · appreciate .. the morar support that their ethnie kin in the free . world

_provide. . By keeping attentions focused

on the ~events 'bn Ukraine, and . Eastern Europe, in general, ethnic groups and the media can keep the pressure on the. Soviet Union to continue the reform proc~ss. And at · the same, time such exposure makes a bloody backlash less likely· by a Soviet government' which is concerned with its- image in the West. - ·

Hopefully the local events commemorating Ukrainian -l!ldepen­dence on January 21 and 22 will help

-·. in some small way to continue ·_the move towards increased freedom in . Ukr~y . . · .

PROCLAMATION .... by Senator Thomas W.Lrbous ·:·~ .•:·· · .

For. 72 years, Ukrainians throughout the Free World have

commemorated the glorious and deepJyJ historical day of

January 22, 1918. On that date, the people of the Ukrain~

broke from the · Russian empire and declared their independence. , ·

After 3 years of sovereignty, the Ukrainian Republi~'s

democratic existence wa~ overpowered by the military for~es of Communist Russia. . ·

· The ;Ukrainian People have survived unspeakable horror ·

under the rule of the Communists. Over the last 70 years,

J)krainian national, cultural and religiou-s life has been

. suppressed ann subjected to enforced Russification. The

~3;:rkest yearS of this period were systematically starved to

· death in a .genocidal famine. · During this period, the Soyiet

Union sought to subdue and annihilate these people who

never abandoned their spirit of freedom ·or desire for independence. . · -

With the outbreak_ of World War II, the-Ukrainian peeple

proclaimed the restoration of theit: statehOod. However, their

-· independence wa~ crushed orice again by the Communists: These freedom\loving people.fought both the Nazis and

the Red Soviet arrllie·s throughout the War, seeing both as oppressors~ . __,.,_ .

The plight of the Ukraine has been recognized by the

United States Congress. Our repres~ntatives have included it

on the Captive Nations List with 21 otqer nations in the

USSR and Eastern Europe as deserving Americanisupport'in

their que_sts for independence. · .

· . _Today the fervor for self-determination that has swept th~ ,

· nations behind the Ir<m Curtain has also, exploded in the

Ukraine.~ Massive demonstrations have been attended by hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians demanding basic human rights and complete independence. . . ' . .

As Ukrainians in the Southern Tier commemorate the _

72nd Anniversary of Independence, they ..,will be confronted

by the reality that the 52 million people in the Ukraine still are

n'ot free. In fact, they continue -tg suffer untold hardships,

national persecution and suppression of their -culture. In an effort to show out sapport~ respec~ and admiration

for~ the people of the Ukraine, my colleagues in the State

Senate and -I will be adopting a re~olution formally asking the

Governor to recognize_ the sacrifices, of the Ukrainian. peoPlv

_ip. the_ir quest fo:t: independence. It . will also invite all

· residents of New . york to obse.ive Janu·ary 22 as a day of

hope that a free Ukraine may rise again. -. . . ,- ~ ' ~

•;..I

>-··-

' J

. ·;e..

;· .

PageS BINGHAMTON-REVIEW January 1990

. .

r:Bingftamt-on r •

~view SpeaKfr -Series JOSEPH PUDER

_Executiv~- -Director, Afnericans-(or .a _Safe Israel -. UU 221B at 8:00pin . · · · . . · · · ·. ·. · ·

_ February 26:

March15: ANDREW KA VGHAK tJSIC Education Foundation

. . . ... . ' '

· speaking ·o11:Canadian National security ). UU 221B at 8:00pm · -. · · · > ·

-LESLIE CARBONE · A ri13: .. , p ' ·. · Acc!Jracy in Academia,. _ . · · speaking on liberal bias Oil College campuses -

.room to be-8:nnounced .· · · · · . ·

Thank.You·veterans I

tho Thte _Binghahmton -- R~y_ie"w wo~ld l~ke to extend our thanks to 1 ..

. . se _·ve erans w o participated m out Veteran 's Day ceremony on November, 10, 1989. ~t was a -privilege to bonor those men · an~ women who , answered·. the call to make the ultimate sacr ifice ~or. · _our nation. · Our -·. veterans kept ~h·e . promise that all md.rudu~ls, _- make. when · b~·rn in The ·united States of America ~­

!o . defend her -'and her allies when _· liberty is ' thre~te~ed. We ~hank .you .for ~our bravery, your . loyalty, and we · thank . you for defendmg our liberty.. We especia~ly · would · like to thank Paul Du~e, - a Marine who served his country in Korea · and . who's assistance . was instrumental in p~tting ·together· our ceremony. -

-It IS the goal of th~ Bin-ghamton · Revi-ew · to make the ·University_ and t~e surrounding· community awar-e that · there · are

1

. .

ma~,y on the_ SUNY :;Bin_gha.mto~ campus who .love this . country. ~bile there · are students o..;t this cam.pus who . who ·wish \ to burn the American flag~ we . want to make . clear · that there is at least [).ne group on this campus who believe in . a strong United States· a country that shall defend liberty at all costs. . '

We . thank you · again for your time and effort' at our. flag. ceremony. You are n,~t forgotten

National Anthem by John Maggio , .

· What could possibly symbolize a country in ore than it's . national ·anthY.m? "The Star Spangled Banner" is a testame.rit to the courage and dedication Americans feel toward our country. ~our national anthem has

. come to ·represent more than just the battle which Francis. Scott Key observed wi~. pride, as Alilericans fouglit for this · country's ideals and freedoms. Thes~ freedoms and ideals are truly what the anthem has -come

. to represent. · Representative Andrew Jacobs, a

Democrat from Indiana, reintroduced a measure that would change our national anthem.. The measure was intro.duced in the House " of Representatives last year, and proposed to have "America the Beautiful" replace the "The Star S'pangled Banner,"· as our national anthem. '

Representative Jacobs provides several arguments · for , why the national anthem should be changed . to "America the Beautiful." He

. claims that the hymn suggests the f glory. of the land as well as pride in

. _accomplishment. In fact,- our present national anthem does just that. . The accomplishments spoken . of in "The Star Spangled Banner" are unmatched as Americans achieved with lhe greatest difficulty, it~ victory. over the British during the . War of 1812. Our anthem fills those who fought for our . country w!th pride as it explains the strife dire~tly involved in ,attaining "the

· land of the free and the home ef the brave.

- Mr. Jacob~ second . argum~nt is that the song is much easier for bands to · play and individuals to . sing. More important- than the words( is the patriotic and emotional

feelings that it instiils in Ameri~s. · I~ is ridiculous to suggest that our · anth~m should be . changed.' the

. meanmgful phrases replaced, because the tune is difficult.

Mr. Jacobs further asserts' that :·America the Beautiful" will "send a more positive national message · to \ others. at a tim~ when ·enlightenment

· se~ms- to be spreading its -peaceful and liberating dividends across the globe." Does . Rep. J ac'Obs tru!v believe that when foreign nations · dis~uss policies concerning tlie Umt~d States, they make decisions based on the words of "The· Star . Spangled Banner?" . With _the

constant battles and' the coup . attempts oc·curring throughout the . world, how can one say that "enlightenmeni is spreading _ its ·peaceftd and liberating dividends across the globe?" Furthermore how can anyone believe that oU: national anthem could prevent these incidents from taking place? · . ,,;

SeveraJ individuals. are strongly .. opposed to· changing the national anthem. William _Schaefer, who is . the Democratic governor of Maryland, stated, "It ('The Star Spangled Banner') is ·.that special piece of music that is the .symboi of • everything for which the · U.S.A. stands." Republican Representative

· Bob Dorman from California feels _ that certain phra.Ses like "the rockets'

red gl~e" gra:bs him more ·than "above the fruited plain." .

Throughout .the history of the United States, our eountry has struggled to provide the citizens of today with all the freedoms and

. rights which our forefathers deemed "inalienable." The words of "The Star Spangled Banne( embody the true values of ·our nation, which patriots fought and ' died for.