· iv year ece student handbook dept of ece hits,bogaram(v),keesara(m),medchal(d)-501301 page no 1...
TRANSCRIPT
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 0
HOLY MARY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING)
Bogaram (V), Keesara (M), Medchal – 501 301
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
B TECH - IV YEAR I-SEM
STUDENT HANDBOOK
A.Y. 2018-19
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 1
HOLY MARY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING)
Bogaram (V), Keesara (M), Medchal – 501 301
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
VISION:
To be a premier institute in the country and region for the study of engineering, technology and
management by maintaining high academic standards which promote the analytical thinking and
independent judgment among the prime stakeholders enabling them to function responsibly in the
globalized society.
MISSION:
To impart quality professional education that meets the needs of present and emerging
technological world.
To strive for student achievement and success, preparing them for life and leadership with ethics.
To provide a scholarly and vibrant learning environment that enables faculty, staff and students
achieve personal and professional growth.
To contribute to advancement of knowledge, in both fundamental and applied areas of engineering,
technology & management.
To undertake research and development works by forging alliances with research institutes,
government organizations, industries and alumni and become a centre of excellence for quality
professional educations and research.
MISSION AND VISION OF THE ECE DEPARTMENT:
Vision: To be a world leader and renowned for Electronics & Communication Engineering and
research.
Mission:
M1: To educate graduates in the basic principles underlying the field of Electronics &
Communication Engineering.
M2: To train our students to think independently in terms to master systematic approach to problem
solving.
M3: To have a keen awareness of the role of engineering in the modern society.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 2
TABLE OF CONTENT
S NO CONTENT PAGE NO
I COURSE CALENDAR FOR THE YEAR
II IV YEAR I SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE
1 MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 1.1. Course Overview
1.2. Prerequisite
1.3. Marks Distribution
1.4. Evaluation Scheme
1.5. Course Outcomes & Objectives
1.6. How Program Outcomes are Assessed
1.7. JNTUH Syllabus
1.8. Course Plan
1.9.Mapping Course Outcomes Leading to the Achievement of the
Program Outcomes
1.10 Question Bank
1.11. Assignment Questions
1.12. Objective Questions
4-44
2 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING 2.1. Course Description
2.2. Prerequisite
2.3. Marks Distribution
2.4. Evaluation Scheme
2.5. Course Outcomes
2.6. How Program Outcomes are Assessed
2.7. JNTUH Syllabus
2.8. Course Plan
2.9. Mapping Course Objectives Leading to the Achievement of the
Program Outcomes
2.10.Mapping Course Outcomes Leading to the Achievement of the Program Outcomes 2.11. Objective Questions
2.12. Tutorial Questions
2.13.Assignment Questions
45-90
3 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
3.1. Course Description
3.2. Prerequisite
3.3. Marks Distribution
3.4. Evaluation Scheme
3.5. Course Outcomes
3.6. How Program Outcomes are Assessed
3.7. JNTUH Syllabus
3.8. Course Plan
3.9. Mapping Course Objectives Leading to the Achievement of the
Program Outcomes
3.10.Mapping Course Outcomes Leading to the Achievement of the
Program Outcomes
3.11.Tutorial Questions
91-128
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 3
312.Objective Questions
3.13.Assignment Questions
4 COMPUTER NETWORKS
4.1. Course Description
4.2. Prerequisite
4.3. Marks Distribution
4.4. Evaluation Scheme
4.5. Course Outcomes
4.6. How Program Outcomes are Assessed
4.7. JNTUH Syllabus
4.8. Course Plan
4.9. Mapping Course Objectives Leading to the Achievement
the Program Outcomes
4.10.Mapping Course Outcomes Leading to the Achievement
of the Program Outcomes
4.11.Assignment Topics
4.12. Objective Questions
129-157
5 CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS 5.1. Course Description
5.2. Prerequisite
5.3. Marks Distribution
5.4. Evaluation Scheme
5.5. Course Outcomes
5.6. JNTUH Syllabus
5.7. Course Plan
5.8. Mapping Course Objectives Leading to the
Achievement of the Program Outcomes
5.9.Mapping Course Outcomes Leading to the
Achievement of the Program Outcomes
5.10.Question Bank
5.11. Objective Questions
5.12. Tutorial Questions
158-187
6 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN 6.1. Course Description
6.2. Prerequisite
6.3. Marks Distribution
6.4. Evaluation Scheme
6.5. Course Objectives and Outcomes
6.6. How Program Outcomes are Assessed
6.7. JNTUH Syllabus
6.8. Course Plan
6.9. Mapping Course Objectives Leading to the Achievement of the
Program Outcomes
6.10.Mapping Course Out comes Leading to the Achievement of the
Programme out comes
6.10.Ouestion Bank
6.11.Asssignment Questions
188-212
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 4
1.1 COURSE OVERVIEW:
The Course is intended to familiarize the students with the framework for the managers and leaders
available for understanding and making decisions relating to issues related organizational
structure,productions,operations,marketing, Human Resource Management, product management
and strategy.
1.2 PRE-REQUISITES:
S.NO COURSE
NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
1
Managerial
Economics and
Financial
Accounting
To enable the student to
understand and appreciate, with
a particular insight, the
importance of certain basic
issues governing the business
operations namely; demand and
supply, production function, cost
analysis, markets, forms of
business organizations, capital
budgeting and financial
accounting and financial
analysis.
II-II
PROGRAMME: B.Tech ECE
AC:YEAR: 2018-19
DEGREE: B.TECH IV YEAR
COURSE: MANAGEMENT SCIENCE SEMESTER: I CREDITS: 4
COURSECOORDINATOR:
Mr.GANDI RAMU
COURSECODE: A70014
REGULATION: R15
COURSE TYPE: REGULAR
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: ECE CONTACT HOURS: 4 hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE
CODE: NA
LAB COURSE NAME: NA
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 5
1.3 MARKS DISTRIBUTION:
Session Marks
University
End
Exam
Marks
Total Marks
Mid Semester Test
There shall be two midterm examinations.
Each midterm examination consists of
subjective type and objective type tests.
The subjective test is for 10 marks of 60
minutes duration.
Subjective test of shall contain 4 questions; the
student has to answer 2 questions, each
carrying 5 marks.
The objective type test is for 10 marks of 20
minutes duration. It consists of 10 multiple
choice and 10 objective type questions, the
student has to answer all the questions and
each carries half mark.
First midterm examination shall be conducted
for the first two and half units of syllabus and
second midterm examination shall be
conducted for the remaining portion.
Assignment
Five marks are earmarked for assignments.
There shall be two assignments in every theory
course. Marks shall be awarded considering
the average of two assignments in each course.
75 100
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 6
1.4 EVALUATION SCHEME:
S.
No Component Duration Marks
1 I Mid Examination 90minutes 20
2 I Assignment - 5
3 II Mid Examination 90minutes 20
4 II Assignment - 5
5 External Examination 3 hours 75
1.5 COURSE OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES:
Course Objectives Course Outcomes Blooms
Level
To understand the concept of
management, administration,
organization, objectives, nature, scope,
role, responsibilities & approaches of a
management.
Able to apply the concepts &
principles of management in
real life industry. Able to
design & develop
organization chart &
structure for an enterprise
BL
1,2,3
To understand the role of management
in production through PPC, Plant
Location & Layout techniques, Quality
Control, Work-study. To study
Materials/Purchases/Stores/Inventory
Management
Able to identify Marketing
Mix Strategies for an
enterprise. Able to apply the
concepts of HRM in
Recruitment, Selection,
Training & Development
BL 2,5
To Study Management of Marketing
Mix, Physical Distribution & PLC
Strategies. To study HRM/PMIR by
Recruitment, Selection, Training &
Development.
Able to apply PPC
techniques, Quality Control,
Work-study principles in real
life industry. Able to
maintain Materials
departments, & Determine
EOQ
BL
1,2,5
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 7
To understand Strategic Mgt. & SWOT,
CPP & Different types of functional
strategies of a SBU. To study MIS,
ERP, MRP, TQM, CMM, SCM, BPO,
BPR, Bench Marking and Balance
Score Card.
Able to develop Mission,
Objectives, Goals &
strategies for an enterprise in
dynamic environment. Able
to understand & apply
modern management
techniques MIS, ERP, MRP,
TQM, CMM, SCM, BPO,
BPR, Bench Marking and
Balance Score Card
wherever possible.
BL
2,5,6
BLOOMS LEVEL (BL)
BL 1: Remember / knowledge BL2: Understanding BL3: Apply
BL 4: Analyze BL 5: Evaluate BL 6: Create
1.6 HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:
Program Outcomes Level Proficiency
assessed by
Blooms
Level
A
Able to apply the concepts &
principles of management in
real life industry.
S
Text book
And
CaseStudie
s
APPLY
B
Able to design & develop
organization chart &
structure for an enterprise
S
Text book
and
CaseStudie
s
APPLY
C
Able to apply PPC
techniques, Quality Control,
Work-study principles in
real life industry.
H
Assignmen
t and
Textbook
questions
Apply
and
Analyze
D
Able to maintain Materials
departments, & Determine
EOQ
S Textbook
Questions Apply
E
Able to identify Marketing
Mix Strategies for an
enterprise.
S Text Book
Questions Apply
F
Able to apply the concepts
of HRM in Recruitment,
Selection, Training &
Development
H Business
Magazines --
G
Able to develop PERT/CPM
Charts for projects of an
enterprise and estimate time
S
Solving
Text book
Problems
Analyze and
Justify
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 8
N = None S = Supportive H = Highly Related
1.7 SYLLABUS:
UNIT - I:
Introduction to Management and Organisation: Concepts of Management and organization-
nature, importance and Functions of Management, Systems Approach to Management - Taylor's
Scientific Management Theory- Fayal's Principles of Management- Maslow's theory of Hierarchy
of Human Needs- Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y - Hertzberg Two Factor Theory of
Motivation - Leadership Styles, Social responsibilities of Management, Designing Organisational
Structures: Basic concepts related to Organization - Departmentation and Decentralization, Types
and Evaluation of mechanistic and organic structures of organisation and suitability.
UNIT - II:
Operations and Marketing Management: Principles and Types of Plant Layout-Methods of
Production(Job, batch and Mass Production), Work Study - Basic procedure involved in Method
Study and Work Measurement - Business Process Reengineering(BPR) - Statistical Quality
Control: control charts for Variables and Attributes (simple Problems) and Acceptance Sampling,
TQM, Six Sigma, Deming's contribution to quality, Objectives of Inventory control, EOQ, ABC
Analysis, Purchase Procedure, Stores Management and Store Records - JIT System, Supply Chain
Management, Functions of Marketing, Marketing Mix, and Marketing Strategies based on Product
Life Cycle, Channels of distribution.
& cost of project.
H
Able to develop Mission,
Objectives, Goals &
strategies for an enterprise in
dynamic environment
S Business
Magazines Analyze
I
Able to understand & apply
modern management
techniques MIS, ERP, MRP,
TQM, CMM, SCM, BPO,
BPR, Bench Marking and
Balance Score Card
wherever possible.
N Class Test
& Seminar Analyze
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 9
UNIT - III:
Human Resources Management(HRM): Concepts of HRM, HRD and Personnel Management
and Industrial Relations (PMIR), HRM vs PMIR, Basic functions of HR Manager: Manpower
planning, Recruitment, Selection, Training and Development, Placement, Wage and Salary
Administration, Promotion, Transfer, Separation, Performance Appraisal, Grievance Handling and
Welfare Administration, Job Evaluation and Merit Rating - Capability Maturity Model (CMM)
Levels - Performance Management System.
UNIT - IV:
Project Management (PERT/ CPM): Network Analysis, Programme Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT), Critical Path Method (CPM), Identifying critical path, Probability of
Completing the project within given time, Project Cost Analysis, Project Crashing (simple
problems).
UNIT - V:
Strategic Management and Contemporary Strategic Issues: Mission, Goals, Objectives, Policy,
Strategy, Programmes, Elements of Corporate Planning Process, Environmental Scanning, Value
Chain Analysis, SWOT Analysis, Steps in Strategy Formulation and Implementation, Generic
Strategy alternatives. Bench Marking and Balanced Score Card as Contemporary Business
Strategies.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Stoner, Freeman, Gilbert, Management, 6th Ed, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2004.
2. P. Vijay Kumar, N. Appa Rao and Ashnab, Chnalill, Cengage Learning India, 2012.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Kotler Philip and Keller Kevin Lane: Marketing Management, Pearson, 2012.
2. Hill, 2012.
3. Thomas N. Duening and John M. Ivancevich Management - Principles and Guidelines, Biztantra,
2012.
4. Kanishka Bedi, Production and Operations Management, Oxford University Press, 2012.
5. Samuel C. Certo: Modern Management, 2012.
6. Schermerhorn, Capling, Poole and Wiesner: Management, Wiley, 2012.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 10
1.8 COURSE PLAN:
Lecture
no. Unit Topic Reference
1 I
Introduction to Concepts of Management and
organization- A2,A3
2 I
Nature and Importance of Management,
Functions of Management A2,A3
3 I Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory A2,A3
4 I
Fayol’s Principles of Management, Maslow’s
Theory of Human Needs A2,A3
5 I Doglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y A2,A3
6 I Herberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation A2,A3
7 I Systems Approach to Management A2,A3
8 I Leadership Styles A2,A3
9 I Social responsibilities of Management. A2,A3
10 I
Basic concepts related to Organisation –
Departmentation and Decentralisation A2,A3
11 I
Types of mechanistic and organic structures
of organisation A2,A3
12 I
Line organization, Line and staff , functional,
Committee A2,A3
13 I
matrix, Virtual, Cellular , team structure,
boundary less, inverted pyramid A2,A3
14 I
lean and flat organization str. and their merits,
demerits and suitability. A2,A3
15 II
Principles and Types of Plant Layout-
Methods of production A4
16 II
Work Study -Basic procedure involved in
Method Study and Work Measure A4
17 II Statistical Quality Control: X chart A4
18 II R chart A4
19 II c chart& p chart A4
20 II simple Problems on SQC A4
21 II
Acceptance Sampling, Deming’s contribution
to quality A4
22 II Materials Management: Objectives A4
23 II Need for Inventory control A4
24 II EOQ, ABC Analysis A4
25 II Purchase Procedure A4
26 II Stores Management A4
27 II Stores Records - Supply Chain Management A4
28 II Functions of Marketing, Marketing Mix A1
29 II
Marketing Strategies based on Product Life
Cycle. A1
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 11
30 II Channels of distribution. A1
31 III Concepts of HRM, A5,A6
32 III
HRD and Personnel Management and
Industrial Relations A5,A6
33 III HRM vs. PMIR A5,A6
34 III
Basic functions of HR Manager: Manpower
planning, A5,A6
35 III Recruitment& Selection A5,A6
36 III
Training and Development, Placement, Wage
and Salary Administration A5,A6
37 III Wage and Salary Administration A5,A6
38 III Promotion, Transfer, Separation, A5,A6
39 III Performance Appraisal, Grievance Handling A5,A6
40 III Welfare Administration, A5,A6
41 III Job Evaluation and Merit Rating A5,A6
42 IV Network Analysis A4
43 IV
Programme Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT) A4
44 IV
Critical Path Method (CPM), Identifying
critical path A4
45 IV
Probability of Completing the project within
given time A4
46 IV Project Cost Analysis, A4
47 IV Project Crashing. A4
48 IV simple problems on PERT & CPM A4
49 V
Strategic Management: Mission, Goals,
Objectives, Policy A2,A6,A7
50 V
Strategy, Programmers, Elements of
Corporate Planning Process A2,A6,A7
51 V Environmental Scanning, SWOT Analysis A2,A7
52 V Total Quality Management (TQM) A2,A7
53 V Six sigma A2,A7
54 V Capability Maturity Model (CMM) Levels A2,A7
55 V Value Chain Analysis A2,A7
56 V Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) A2,A7
57 V Performance Management A2,A7
58 V Business Process outsourcing A2,A7
59 V Business Process Re-engineering A2,A7
60 V Bench Marking A2,A7
61 V Balanced Score Card. A2,A7
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 12
MAPPING COURSE OBJECTIVES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF
PROGRAM OUTCOMES:
Course Objective Course Outcomes
a b c d
I H S
II S H
III H S
IV S H
S= Supportive H= Highly Related
1.9 MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF
PROGRAM OUTCOMES:
Cour
se
Outc
omes
Program Outcomes
a b c d e f g h i
a H H
b H S S
c H H S
d S S H
S= Supportive H= Highly Relate
1.10 QUESTION BANK:
Unit-I
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION
Group – A (Short Answer Questions)
S.No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
1. Define Management
Understand
2. Distinguish between formal and informal
organization. Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 13
3. Define organisaton.
Understand
4. Explain levels of management
Apply
5. Explain nature of management
Apply
6. Discuss the importance of management.
Remember
7. Explain Scalar Chain.
Remember
8. Discuss about leadership styles in organization.
Understand
9. Define departmentation.
Understand
10. List the advantages of line and staff organization
structure. Apply
11. Define committee and matrix organization
structure. Understand
GROUP - B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1. Explain the functions of management.
Remember
2. Distinguish between manager and leader .List out
their merits and demerits. Understand
3. Explain 14 principles of management.
Evaluate
4. Discuss about Herzberg’s and Maslow’s theories.
Understand
5. Illustrate social responsibility of management
Evaluate
6. Elaborate types of organization structures.
Evaluate
7. Explain Scientific management theory.
Understand
8. Explain Mc. Gregor’s theory X and theory Y
Understand
9. Explain system approach to management
Understand
UNIT-II
OPERATIONS AND MARKETING MANAGEMENT
GROUP – A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Discuss principles of Plant layout
Understand
2 Define Production management.
Understand
3 Explain Job shop method of production
Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 14
4 Define Batch production.
Understand
5 Explain Mass production.
Understand
6 Define work study
Understand
7 Explain method study.
Analyze
8 Explain work measurement.
Analyze
9 What is meant by ABC analysis?
Understand
10 Define purchasing.
Understand
11 What is meant by marketing?
Understand
12 What are the elements of marketing mix.
Analyze
13 Define product and price.
Understand
14 Explain JIT.
Understand
15 What is EOQ?
Evaluate
16 Define Business process reengineering.
Understand
Group – B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Explain the types of plant layout and list out its
advantages and disadvantages. Evaluate
2 List out the steps involved in work study.
Understand
3 Explain the steps involved in method study.
Evaluate
4 Elaborate work measurement.
Evaluate
5 Explain purchasing process.
Understand
6 Explain the steps involved in managing store
records. Analyze
7 Explain nature and importance of marketing.
Analyze
8 Explain functions of marketing.
Understand
9 Discuss about product, price, place and promotion.
Evaluate
10 Explain channels of distribution and its elements.
Analyze
11 Illustrate product life cycle.
Evaluate.
12 Explain briefly about statistical control charts.
Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 15
GROUP - C (PROBLEM SOLVING &ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 Problems on statistical quality control charts X,
R, C, and P chart Apply
UNIT-III
Human Resource Management
GROUP - A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 What is HRM?
Remember
2 Distinguish between HRM and Personnel Management
Remember
3 What is mean by Recruitment?
Understand
4 Define Manpower Planning.
Understand
5 Explain Human Resource Development.
Analyze
6 Discuss about Industrial Relations.
Analyze
7 Distinguish between training and development.
Understand
8 Define Recruitment.
Understand
9 Explain compensation.
Understand
10 What is meant by salary and wages?
Understand
11 List out fringe benefits provided to employees in
organization. Understand
12 Distinguish between employee and employees.
Understand
GROUP - B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Explain functions of HRM.
Understand
2 Explain the sources of Recruitment.
Analyze
3 Discuss the steps involved in selection process.
Analyze
4 Explain methods of training.
Evaluate
5 Discuss about promotion, transfer and demotion.
Analyze
6 Explain briefly methods of performance appraisal
Evaluate
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 16
7 Explain techniques of job evaluation.
Evaluate
8 Illustrate capability maturity model.
Evaluate
9 What is performance management system.
Evaluate
10 What is Grievance handling and welfare administration
in organization? Understand
UNIT-IV
PROJECT MANGEMENT
GROUP - A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Define project management.
Understand
2 What is meant by an activity?
Understand
3 Define event.
Understand
4 Define precedent.
Understand
5 What is meant optimistic time
Understand
6 Explain pessimistic time.
Understand
7 Explain most likely time.
Understand
8 Define critical path
Understand
9 Elaborate and explain PERT.
Analyze
10 Explain latest time and earliest time
Analyze
11 Define slack
Understand
12 Explain project cost.
Analyze
13 Explain project crashing.
Evaluate
GROUP – B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Discuss basic fundamentals of project management.
Evaluate
2 Distinguish between PERT and CPM.
Analyze
3 List out advantages and disadvantages of PERT.
Understand
4 List out advantages and disadvantages of CPM.
Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 17
GROUP - C (PROBLEM SOLVING &ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 Problem on drawing network diagram. Analyze
2 Problems on finding critical path Evaluate
3 Problems on identifying slack value Analyze
4 Problems on project cost and crashing Evaluate
UNIT- V
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND CONTEMPORARAY STRATEGIC ISSUES
GROUP – A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Define strategy
Understand
2 What is meant by goal?
Understand
3 Explain mission.
Apply
4 What is objective?
Understand
5 Explain policy.
Understand
6 Discuss about programmers in organization.
Analyze
7 Define environmental scanning.
Understand
8 Define value chain analysis.
Understand
9 Discuss the application of SWOT in organization.
Apply
10 Define benchmarking.
Understand
11 Explain balance scorecard.
Understand
GROUP – B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS):
1 Explain the elements of corporate planning process.
Apply
2 Explain environmental scanning process.
Understand
3 What are the steps involved in vale analysis.
Understand
4 List advantages, disadvantages and application of
value analysis. Apply
5 Explain steps involved in strategy formulation and
implementation. Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 18
1.11 ASSIGNMENT TOPICS:
UNIT-I INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION
SNo Questions Blooms Taxonomy
Level
1 Explain the functions of management.
Remember
2 Discuss about leadership styles in organization. Understand
3 Elaborate types of organization structures. Evaluate
4 Explain 14 principles of management. Evaluate
5 Explain Mc. Gregor’s theory X and theory Y Understand
UNIT II
OPERATIONS AND MARKETING MANAGEMENT
1 Explain the types of plant layout and list out its advantages
and disadvantages. Evaluate
2 List out the steps involved in work study. Understand
3 Explain purchasing process. Understand
4 Discuss about product, price, place and promotion. Evaluate
5 Illustrate product life cycle. Evaluate
6 Explain briefly about statistical control charts. Understand
UNIT- III
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
1. Explain functions of HRM. Understand
2. Discuss the steps involved in selection process. Analyze
3. Explain methods of training. Evaluate
4. Explain briefly methods of performance appraisal Evaluate
5. Illustrate capability maturity model. Evaluate
6. What is Grievance handling and welfare administration in
organization? Understand
UNIT- IV
6 Illustrate contemporary business strategies.
Evaluate
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 19
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
1. Problem on drawing network diagram. Analyze
2. Problems on finding critical path
Evaluate
3. Problems on identifying slack value Analyze
4. Problems on project cost and crashing Evaluate
UNIT-V
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND CONTEMPORARY STRATEGIC ISSUES
1. Explain the elements of corporate planning process. Apply
2. Explain environmental scanning process. Understand
3. List advantages, disadvantages and application of value
analysis. Apply
4. What are the steps involved in vale analysis. Understand
5 Explain steps involved in strategy formulation and
implementation. Understand
6 Illustrate contemporary business strategies. Evaluate
1.12 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT – I
UNIT-I Introduction to Management and Organisation:
1. Who is a person who advanced early scientific management principles?
(a) Weber
(b) Taylor
(c) Vest
(d) Fayol
2. A reporting relationship in which an employee receives orders from, and reports to, only one supervisor is
known as:
(a) Line of authority.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 20
(b) Centralization.
(c) Unity of direction.
(d) Unity of command.
3. Which worked on administrative management theory:
I. Fayol
II. Parker
III. Weber
A I and III
B II and III
C none of these worked on administrative management theory
D I , II, and III
4. is the study of how to create an organizational structure that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness.
(a) Scientific management
(b) Job specialization
(c) Administrative management
(d) Allocation management
5. is the singleness of purpose that makes possible the creation of one plan of action to guide
managers in resource allocations.
(a) Unity of direction
(b) Unity of command
(c) Unity of authority
(d) Unity of resources
6. Which is an organizational - environmental theory?
I. The open-systems view
II. Contingency theory
III. The Theory of Bureaucracy
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 21
IV. Theory Z
I and II
(a) I, III, and IV
II, III, and IV
I, II, and III
7. Theory is based on positive assumptions about workers.
(a) Z
(b) X
(c) Y
(d) C
7. The theory states a manager's choice of organizational structures and control systems
depends on characteristics of the external environment.
Mechanistic
(a) Management science
(b) Organic
(c) Contingency
8. Which is not one of Fayol's principles:
(a) Authority and responsibility
(b) Line of authority
(c) Globalization
(d) Unity of command
9. Which is not a management science theory:
(a) Operations Management
(b) TQM
(c) MIS
(d) None of these
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 22
10. Theory states that the average employee is lazy and will try to do as little as possible.
(a) X
(b) Y
(c) Z
d) None
11. In recent history, workers have felt that they should be empowered in the workplace. This is an example of
(a) social influences
(b) political influences
(c) technological influences
(d) global influences
12. Scientific management, administrative management, and bureaucratic management belong to the
management viewpoint known as the
(a) classical perspective
(b) behavioral perspective
(c) quantitative perspective
(d) systems perspective
13. The theorist that advocated standard methodology for doing a task and suggested that workers were
motivated by pay according to output (piecework) is
(a) Elton Mayo
(b) Max Weber
(c) Frederick Taylor
(d) Henri Fayol
15. As a Theory Y manager, you believe that your employees
(a) Dislike work and will avoid it if possible.
(b) Need a hierarchy of authority and lots of rules and regulations.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 23
(c) Should be trained to standard methodology in all their tasks.
(d) Are self-motivated and self-directed toward achieving organizational goals.
14.
(a) Scientific management theory is an outdated management theory.
(b) Managers should apply classical management theory to their everyday work if they want to be
more effective.
(c) A traditional approach to management can be successfully applied to the problems of a modern
organisation.
(d) Quality usually suffers as productivity increases.
15. According to Frederick Taylor, who was to blame for the inefficiency in organisations?
(a) The unions.
(b) The managers.
(c) The organisation as a whole.
(d) The workers
16. Which of these was not an integral part of scientific management?
(a) Differential pay rates.
(b) Worker control of production.
(c) Systematic selection of workers.
(d) Work specialization
17. Which of the following is not a valid criticism of scientific management theory?
(a) Increases in pay for workers were not proportional to increases in productivity.
(b) Worker discretion over the execution of the task was reduced.
(c) Jobs became too complex for workers to handle.
(d) Fear of redundancy was increased.
18. Which of the following is not a fundamental characteristics of Bureaucratic Management?
What does the case, ‘Scientific management in action’ illustrate?
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 24
(a) Specialization of labor
(b) Well defined hierarchy
(c) Striving to be a ‘first-class worker’
(d) Formal rules and regulations.
19. Which of these statements concerning Weber’s concept of Bureaucracy is not correct?
(a) It is based on rules and procedures rather than personal preference and judgment.
(b) It is still a relevant concept in today’s organisation.
(c) It has acquired a negative reputation for inefficiency and rigidity.
(d) It rejects rational approaches to managing organizations
20. Which of the following was an early key management idea, pre-dating the work of Frederick Taylor and
Max Weber?
(a) Differential pay rates.
(b) Rule-by-the-office.
(c) Work specialization.
(d) Classical management theory.
21. Which of the following was the key aim of scientific management?
(a) To increase worker control of production.
(b) To increase productivity.
(c) To decrease absenteeism.
(d) To develop time-and-motion studies.
22. Which of the following is NOT a key concept associated with scientific management?
(a) One best way.
(b) Formalization.
(c) Time-and-motion studies.
(d) Systematic selection.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 25
23. Contingency theory suggests which of the following as a limitation of classical management theory?
(a) Management approaches need to take into account the informal social life of workers at work.
(b) Management approaches need to take into account complexity and instability in the environment.
(c) Everything is contingent upon the workers in an organization.
(d) Management practices need to recognize stability in the environment
Unit-II Operations and Marketing Management
1. Planning is:
(a) looking ahead,
(b) guiding people,
(c) delegation of authority,
(d) fundamentals of staffing
2. Single use plans are:
(a) applicable in non-recurring situation,
(b) deals with recurring situations,
(c) budgets,
(d) strategic
3. Programs are a complex of:
(a) budgets,
(b) goals & policies,
rules,
(c) None of the above.
[Hint: Programs are complex of goals, policies, rules, procedures, tasks.]
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 26
4. The limitations of planning are:
(a) proper environment,
(b) planning premises,
(c) wrong information,
feasibility.
[Hint: Wrong information and time involved are the limitations of planning.]
5. What are the three levels of planning?
(a) Operational, intermediate and strategic
(b) Headquarters, divisional and local
(c) Top, middle and bottom
(d) None of the above
6. All of the following would be steps or concerns in the process of strategic planning except:
(a) Designing a sound business portfolio.
(b) Checking to see if an advertising spot had been run in its allotted time slot.
(c) Setting supporting objectives.
(d) Defining a clear company mission.
7. Identify the best definition of planning.
(a) An integrated process, in which plans are formulated, carried out and controlled.
(b) The core activity of planners and planning departments.
(c) Setting an organization’s objectives and the means of reaching them.
(d) Devising ways of achieving the objectives of an organisation.
8. Budget refers to
(a) Planned target of performance
(b) Steps of handling future activities
(c) Systematic action and allocation of resources
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 27
(d) Statement of expected results expressed in numerical terms
9. Which of the following indicates the importance of planning?
(a) Makes way for orderly activities
(b) Provides a basic for control in an organization
(c) Reduces risk of uncertainty
(d) All of the above.
10. Which of the following is not a technique of planning?
(a) Budgeting
(b) Balanced score card
(c) PERT CPM
(d) Management by Objectives.
11. plans have clearly defined objectives
(a) Directional
(b) Flexible
(c) Specific
(d) Standing.
12. Organizing refers to:
(a) planning,
(b) delegation of authority,
(c) training,
(d) selection
13. Organizing aims to serve:
(a) common purpose,
(b) corruption,
(c) authority structure,
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 28
(d) All of the above.
14. Organizing destroys:
(a) individual relationships,
(b) plans,
(c) simplicity in the organization,
(d) Environment.
15. The principle of objective states:
(a) delegation of authority,
(b) existence for a purpose,
(c) formal organization,
(d) none of the above.[Hint: An organization must exist for a purpose is the principle of objective.]
16. For effective organizing, an organization required:
(a) principle of balance,
(b) span of management,
(c) organization process,
(d) Planning and forecasting.
17. The structure of organization includes:
(a) identification and classification of required activities,
(b) informal organization,
(c) establishing enterprise objectives,
(d) Authority relationships.
18. The degree to which an organization relies on rules and procedures to direct the behavior of employees is:
(a) complexity,
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 29
(b) formalization,
(c) centralization,
(d) motivation.
18. In a formal organization, “power” is associated with:
(a) an individual,
(b) position,
(c) relationship,
(d) control
19. Delegation is:
(a) a continuous process,
(b) unfolding talents,
(c) Granting the right to command.
[Hint: Delegation is the act of granting of conferring something and the term authority means right to
command.]
20. Unity of command means:
(a) parity of authority and responsibility,
(b) flow of command from subordinate to superior,
(c) flow of command from superior to subordinate,
(d) Parity in controlling.
21. Defective delegation:
(a) hampers coordination
(b) size of the organization,
(c) establish proper controls,
(d) Establish sources of powers.
22. Indicate which of the following is NOT among the six main types of organization structure–
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 30
(a) Line organization
(b) Functional structure
(c) Committees
(d) Department
23. Organization structure is primarily concerned with and of tasks and authority.
(a) Allocation and Delegation
(b) Allocation and apportionment
(c) Reporting and delegating
(d) Setting standards and delegation
24. Line organization is also known as organization.
(a) Scalar
(b) Chain
(c) Matrix
(d) Project
Unit –III Human Resource Management:
1. Selection devices must:
(a) be explained,
(b) match the job in question,
(c) to be cost-effective
(d) None of the above.
2. The popular on-the-job training methods include:
(a) job rotation,
(b) classroom lectures,
films.
(c) description and displays
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 31
[Hint: On-the-job training methods allow the workers to work in a realistic work environment and gather
experiences.]
3. Need refers to:
(a) control information and performance review,
(b) key result areas and statement of objectives,
(c) agree what you expect from me,
(d) All of the above.
[Hint: Need states agree what you refer from me and give me an opportunity to perform.]
4. Staffing refers to:
(a) measuring performance,
(b) managing the positions,
(c) management in action,
(d) making strategic plans.
[Hint: Staffing refers to appointing the right person for the right job.]
5. Non-financial incentives have many things to do with:
(a) Directing,
(b) Motivation,
(c) Planning,
(d) organising.
6. Staffing needs:
(a) man power planning,
(b) authority,
(c) communication,
(d) coordination.
[Hint: Staffing needs estimates of present and future needs of managerial man power and therefore it
needs some pre-thinking.]
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 32
7. HRD refers to:
(a) remuneration,
(b) development,
(c) controlling,
(d) planning
8. Recruitment covers:
(a) selection,
(b) job analysis,
(c) time,
(d) none of the above.
[Hint: Recruitment covers job analysis, job design and job descriptions.]
9. Training is the process of:
(a) motivation
(b) increasing knowledge and skill
(c) Testing.
(d) Employee recommendations.
10. Vestibule training provides the worker with:
(a) on the job training,
(b) off the job training,
(c) real life presentations off the job
(d) demonstration
[Hint: The worker is provided with a real life presentation but not on the job directly.]
11. What is the meaning of the acronym HRM?
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 33
(a) Human Resource Management.
(b) Humanistic Resource Management.
(c) Human Resource Management.
(d) Human Relations Management.
12. Which of the following is not a function normally performed by the HR department?
(a) Recruitment and selection.
(b) Accounting.
(c) Training and development.
(d) Pay and reward.
13. Recruitment and selection must be effective to ensure it:
(a) Offsets high labour turnover
(b) Delivers the highest calibre of individuals at optimum most
(c) To have a surplus in case of sickness and absence
(d) Encourages new blood into the organization.
14. Which of the following is not a selection technique?
(a) Performance appraisal
(b) Ability test
(c) Psychometric testing
(D)Interviews
15. The primary aim of recruitment and selection process is to
(a) Meet the high labour turnover
(b) Hire the best individuals at optimum cost
(c) Ensure the availability of surplus in case of sickness and absence
(d) None of the above.
16. Job evaluation is conducted to develop
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 34
(a) Compensation package
(b) Training modules
(c) Organisational grapevine
(d) Rules and policies.
17. Which of the following defines the process of recruitment?
(a) Forecasting the demand of human resources
(b) Forecasting the supply of human resources
(c) Discovering potential job candidates for a particular position
(d) Making a hire or no hire decision.
18. Which of the following is not a type of remuneration system under Time Rate System?
(a) High wage plan
(b) Measured day work
(c) Taylor System
(d) Differential time rate.
19. Which of the following functions or activities requires recruiting and placing qualified personnel needed for the
organization so that it may achieve its objectives and goals?
(a) Planning
(b) Staffing
(c) Organizing
(d) Controlling.
20. Direction refers to:
(a) planning,
(b) organizing,
(c) driving,
(d) staffing
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 35
21.Follett pointed that reform was possible provided the following consideration were taken into account:
(a) building up new attitudes,
(b) planning
(c) negative attitudes,
(d) None of the above.
21. The characteristics of direction include:
(a) guiding,
(b) motivating,
(c) planning,
(d) performance appraisal
22. Direction is a:
(a) discrete process,
(b) continuous process,
(c) circular process,
(d) supervisory process
23. The principles of direction do not include:
(a) to have a thorough knowledge about the terms to bind the employees and the organization,
(b) to remove the inefficient employees,
(c) labour turnover,
(d) to have an effective communication superior and his subordinates.
24. The techniques of direction excludes:
(a) an alternative device of communication,
(b) supervisory techniques,
(c) coordination,
(d) Standard practices and procedures.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 36
Hint: Coordination refers to the link between the different functions of management.
UNIT-IV PROJECT MANAGEMENT:
1. All of the following are traditional project management techniques for scheduling and planning except
a) CPM
b) PLAN
c) Gantt Chart
d) PERT
2. In a CPM/PERT network, an event refers to
a) The occurrence of a delay in the project
b) an activity inserted into the network to show a precedence relationship with no passage of time
c) the beginning or completion of an activity or project
d) the earliest an activity can start
3. The critical path is referred to as the
a) most direct path from the beginning node to the ending node
b) Shortest path in terms of time
c) Longest path in terms of time
d) Path with the largest amount of slack time
3. Activities on the critical path are critical because they
a) Represent the maximum project completion time
b) Cannot tolerate any delay in completion
c) Represent the most expense in terms of resources
d) Represent the largest and most complex activities of the project
4. The four basic types of production processes are
a) Project, batch, job shop, intermittent
b) Project, batch, job shop, assembly
c) Project, batch, mass, continuous
d) project, job shop, intermittent, continuous
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 37
5. Which of the following processes would be best suited for building a dam?
a) Project
b) Continuous
c) Batch
d) Mass
6. Activity definition is a part of what knowledge area?
a. Integration
b. Time
c. Cost
d. Quality
7. During project execution
a. Project goals and scope are highlighted.
b. the products of the project are produced.
c. overall key stakeholder analysis is provided.
d. the WBS is scheduled.
8. Project execution involves taking actions to
a. establish a good plan.
b. close out the project.
c. ensure that activities in the project plan are completed.
d. provide feedback to key vendors.
9. the most important output of project execution is
a. change requests.
b. work products.
c. stakeholder analysis.
d. the WBS.
10. There are four stages in the project management lifecycle. Which is not one of the stages?
a. Definition and Conceptualization
b. Management and Measurement
c. Planning and Budgeting
d. Execution and Control
e. Termination and closure
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 38
11. In which of the stages is scope management mostly involved?
a. Definition and Conceptualization
b. Management and Measurement
c. Planning and Budgeting
d. Execution and Control
e. Termination and closure
12. An activity has probabilistic completion times of 20, 30 and 46. What is its mean time?
a. 16
b. 43
c. 21
d. 31
e. None of these
13. Any technique that uses only one time estimate is considered to be a ______________ technique.
a. Deterministic
b. Stochastic
c. Probabilistic
d. Random
14. Typically, project teams include individuals
a) from other areas in the organization
b) selected because of their special skills
c) from the functional area of the project
d) all of the above
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 39
UNIT-V STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND CONTEMPORARY
STRATEGIC ISSUES:
1.Which of the following is a method for maintaining the minimum inventory of raw materials and
finished goods?
A.Just-in-time
B.Material requirement planning
C.Production schedule
D.Delivery schedule
Motivation
2 according to BCG Matrix, question marks are
(a) SBU’s with a large market share in a fast growing market.
(b) SBU’s with a low market share in an intensely competitive, mature industry
Characterized by low profits .
(c) SBU’s with an uncertainty about their future.
(d) SBU’s which are characterized by low market share and high growth.
3. SWOT analysis helps in formulating effective strategies for the company to deal with
Competitors.
a. suppliers.
b. distributors.
c. customers.
d. Agents
4. Which of the following is not the stage or stages of the ‘competitive intelligence system’?
A. Setting up the system
B. Value analysis
C. Data collection
D. Analysis and evaluation of data
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 40
5. Strategic planning as a broad concept consists of
A.corporate strategy and business strategy
B.strategy formulation and strategy implementation
c.inputs and outputs
d.environmental analysis and internal analysis
6. Early theories about how individuals make decisions were based on the concept of a(n)
(a) A. utilitarian philosophy
(b) B.action man
(c) C.economic man
D. attentive man
7. Policies are sometimes defined as a(n)
A.shortcut for thinking
(a) action plan
(b) substitute for strategy
(c) substitute for management authority
8. In general, if a policy is not thought out and established
(a) a situation requiring action will arise
(b) social issues will cause change in the organization
(c) managers will be hired from the outside
(d) there will be significant staff turnover
9------------- is small groups of workers who meet regularly with their supervisor to solve work related problem
(a) Quality of Work life
(b) Quality Circle
(c) Alternative Work schedule
(d) Job Redesign
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 41
9. What does SBU stand for :
(A) Single Business Unit
(b) Stratified Business Unit
(c) Strategic Business Unit
(d) None of the above.
10. Choose the best option that fits the meaning of the word ‘benchmarking’?
(a) Setting targets to be achieved.
(b) Setting goals and measuring performance
(c) Setting goals and measuring productivity based on the best industry practices
(d) All of the above.
11. Following are examples of the Macro environment ?
(a) Demographic environment
(b) Economic Environment
(c) Technological environment
(D) All of the above.
12. External information is more useful for........ managers :
(a) Top level.
(b) Middle level
(c) Lower level
(d) Link level
13. According to the........... approach, business should be conducted on the basis of established standards and
facts or truths gained through systematic observation, experiment and reasoning.
(a) Administrative.
(b) Behavioral
(c) Bureaucratic
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 42
(d) Scientific
14. The two major managerial practices that emerged from Taylor’s approach to management are the
piece-rate incentive systems and............
(a) Time and motion study.
(b) Work-study.
(c) Fatigue.
(d) Organisation study.
(e) Unlike Classical theorists who viewed organisation from the production point of view, behaviour
theorists viewed it from the ......... point of view.
(a) Human.
(b) Technical.
(c) Administrative.
(d) Scientific..
(f) Cost leadership, differentiation and ............... are the three generic business level strategies identified by
Michael Porter.
(a) Growth.
(b) Market Leadership.
(c) Focus.
(d) Product leadership.
(g) In a SWOT analysis, a ..................... is regarded as an internal characteristics which can improve an
organisation’s competitive capabilities.
(a) Threat.
(b) Weaknesses.
(c) Strength.
(d) Opportunity.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 43
(h) The ............... level strategy identifies the business area that an organisation will operate in.
(a) Business.
(b) Functional.
(c) Corporate.
(d) Operational
(i) Which of the following is not an external threat to a company’s well being?
(a) Reduction in sales due to substitute products.
(b) Likely entry of new competitors.
(c) Underutilized plant capacity.
(d) Costly regulatory requirements.
(j) Which one of the following constitutes a threat to the company?
(a) Serving additional customer groups.
(b) Expanding the product line.
(c) Integrating forward or backward.
(d) Slowdown in market growth.
(k) Which of the following is not determined by organisational strategies?
(a) How centralised the decision making authority should be.
(b) How de-centralised the decision making authority should be.
(c) How the employees should be trained.
(d) How the staff positions should be designed.
(l) Which one of the following is not a social constraint?
(a) Changing lifestyles.
(b) Increasing number of women in the workforce.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 44
Domestic demand.
Increasing number of divorces.
(m) What role should a manager do when communicating with the outside world?
(a) Disseminator
(b) Spokesperson
(c) Recipient
(d) Liaison
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 45
2 .1 COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Course Name : DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Course Code : A70436
Class : IV B. Tech I Semester
Branch : ECE
Course Structure : Lectures Tutorials Practical Credits
4 - - 4
Year : 2018 – 2019
Course Faculty : Mr. Y. David Solomon Raju, Assoc. Prof, Dept of ECE,
Course Overview: It gives comprehensive study of basic Image fundamentals, types of Image Transforms,
properties of image transforms, Image Enhancement using spatial domain and Frequency
domain. Student will come to know how the spatial domain enhancement using
Histogram processing, Gray Level transformation median filtering and in the frequency
domain smoothing and sharpening of the filter. In Image Restoration, Image degradation
model, Image segmentation thresholding, Region oriented Segmentation. Image
Compression and wavelet based Image processing. Inverse Morphological image
processing Dilation and Erosion, opening and closing And finally filering Interactive
restoration.
2.2 PREREQUISITE(S):
Level Credits Periods /
Week
Prerequisites
UG 4 4 Knowledge of differential equations and integration,
Basics of Signals and Systems
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 46
2.3 MARKS DISTRIBUTION:
Session Marks University End Exam Marks Total
Marks
There shall be two mid tem examinations. Each Mid-term
exam consists of subjective type and objective type
test. The subjective test is for 10 marks, with
duration of 1 hour. Subjective test of each semester
shall contain four questions; the student has to
answer two out of them. Each carrying 5 marks
The objective test paper Is prepared by JNTUH, which consists of 20 questions each carrying 0.5 marks and total of10 marks.
The student is assessed by giving two assignments,
one, after completion of
75 100
2.4 EVALUATION SCHEME:
S. No. Component Total Marks
1. I Mid Examination 90 minutes 20
2. I Assignment - 05
3. II Mid Examination 90 minutes 20
4. II Assignment - 05
5. External Examination 3 hours 75
Course Objectives:
1. Provide the student with the Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing.
2. Give the students a taste of the applications of the theories taught in the
subject. This will be achieved through the project and some selected lab
sessions.
3. Introduce the students to some advanced topics in digital image processing.
4. Give the students a useful skill base that would allow them to carry out
further study should they be interested and to work in the field.
5. Introduce the students to some advanced topics in digital image processing
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 47
2.5 COURSE OUTCOMES:
After completing this course the student must demonstrate the knowledge and ability to
1. Explain the basic elements and applications of image processing
2. Analyze image sampling and quantization requirements and implications
3. Design and implement two-dimensional spatial and frequency filters for image enhancement
4. Model the image restoration problem in both time and frequency domains
5. Explain the image segmentation and image compression problem
6. Develop Wavelet based applications
7. Illustrate Morphological image processing.
8. Be able to implement basic image processing algorithms in MATLAB.
9. Have the skill base to further explore advance of topics of digital image processing.
10. Be in a position to make a positive professional contribution in the fields of digital image
processing
2.6 HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:
s.No
OUTCOME
LEVEL PROFICIEN
CY
ASSESSED
BY
A An ability to apply knowledge of Science,
Mathematics, Engineering & Computing
fundamentals for the solutions of Complex
Engineering problems.
H Assignments
B An ability to identify, formulates, research literature and
analyze complex engineering problems using first
principles of mathematics and engineering sciences
H Exercises
C An ability to design solutions to complex process or program to meet desired needs N ----
D Ability to use research-based knowledge and research
methods including design of experiments to provide
valid conclusions
N ----
E An ability to use appropriate techniques, skills and tools
necessary for computing practice S
Seminar,
Discussions
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 48
F Ability to apply reasoning informed by the
contextual knowledge to assess social issues,
consequences &
responsibilities relevant to the professional
engineering practice
H
Design
exercise,
Prototypes
G Ability to understand the impact of engineering solutions
in a global, economic, environmental, and societal
context with sustainability H
Exercise, Seminar,
Discussions
H An understanding of professional, ethical, social issues and responsibilities
S
Discussions
I An ability to function as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams and in multidisciplinary settings N ----
J An ability to communicate effectively on complex
engineering activities within the engineering
community
S
Seminar,
Discussions
K Ability to demonstrate and understanding of the
engineering and management principles as a member and
leader in a team
H
Workshops,
Prototypes
L
Ability to engage in independent and lifelong learning in
the context of technological change S
Seminar,
Discussions
M
An ability to design and implement projects in the areas
including Signal Processing, Microwaves, Communication
Systems, IC Technology and Embedded Systems.
H Mini and Micro
Projects
N
An ability to use knowledge in various domains to identify
research gaps and hence to provide solution to new ideas
and innovations.
S Seminars &
Projects
N = None S = Supportive H = Highly Related
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 49
2.7 SYLLABUS:
UNIT -I Digital Image fundamentals & Image Transforms: Digital Image fundamentals,
Sampling and quantization, Relationship between pixels, Image Transforms: 2-D
FFT, Properties, Walsh transform, Hadamard Transform, Discrete cosine Transform,
Haar transform, Slant transform, Hotelling transform
UNIT -II
Image Enhancement (Spatial Domain): Introduction, Image Enhancement in
spatial domain, Enhancement through point operation, Types of Point Operation,
Histogram Manipulation, Linear & Non - linear gray level transformation, Local or
neighborhood operation, median filter, spatial domain high pass filtering.
Image Enhancement (Frequency Domain): Filtering in frequency domain,
obtaining frequency domain filters from spatial filters, Generating filters directly in
the frequency domain, Low pass (smoothing) filters in frequency domain, High pass
(sharpening) filters in frequency domain
UNIT -III
Image Restoration: Degradation model, Algebraic approach to restoration,
Inverse filtering, least mean square filters, Constrained Least Squares
Restoration, Interactive Restoration
UNIT -IV Image segmentation: Detection of discontinuities, Edge linking and boundary
detection, Thresholding, Region oriented segmentation
Morphological Image Processing: Dilation and Erosion : Dilation, Structuring
Element Decomposition, The Strel function, Erosion, Combining Dilation and
Erosion, Opening and Closing, the hit or miss transformation, Overview of Digital
Image Watermarking Methods
UNIT –V
Image Compression: Redundancies and their removal methods, Fidelity criteria,
Image compression models, Source encoder and decoder, Error free compression,
Lossy compression, JPEG2000 Standards.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 50
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Image Processing, Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, 3rdEdn, Pearson, 2008.
2. Digital Image Processing, S. Jayaraman, S. Esakkirajan, T. Veerakumar, TMH, 2010.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital Image Processing using MAT LAB, Rafael, C. Gonzalez, Richard E woods and
Stens L Eddings, 2nd Edn, TMH,2010
2. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, A.K. Jain, PHI, 1989
3. Digital Image Processing and Computer Vision, Somka, Hlavac, Boyle, Cengage
Learning (India Edition) 2008
4. Introductory Computer vision Imaging Techniques and Solutions, Adrain Low, 2Nd Edn, 2008
5. Introduction to Image Processing & Analysis – John C. Russ, J. Christian Russ, CRC Press,
2010
6. Wavelet Transforms (Introduction to theory and applications), Raghuveer M. Rao and
Ajit S. Bopardikar, Pearson, 2000
7. Digital image processing with matlab & labview – Vipula singh
2.8 COURSE PLAN:
Lecture
No. Course Learning
Outcomes
Topics to be covered Referenc
e 1-3 Outline what is an image and
what is an digital image processing
Introduction to Image Processing T1
4-5 Discuss various image fundamentals
Digital Image Fundamentals T1
6-7 Illustrate sampling and quantization
Sampling and Quantization T1
7-9 Relate relation between pixels Relationship between pixels T1
10-11 Explain 2Dd FFT properties 2-D FFT, Properties T1
12-13 Demonstrate various 2-D transforms
Walsh and Hadamard Transform, DCT, Haar transform, Slant transform,
Hotelling Transform
14 How to enhance image in spatial domain
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain T1
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 51
15-17 Classify enhancement processing techniques
Enhancement through point processing, Types of point processing
T1
18-20 Analyze histogram manipulation Histogram Manipulation T1
21-22 Demonstrate linear and non
linear transforms
Linear and non-linear gray level
transformation, local or neighbourhood operation
23-26 Illustrate filtering in spatial domain
Median filter processing. Spatial domain high pass filtering
T1
27-28 Illustrate filtering in
frequency domain
Filtering in frequency domain,
Obtaining frequency domain filters
from spatial filters
T1
29-30 Determine filters Generating filters directly in the frequency domain
T1
31-32 Illustrate LPF & HPF Low pass (smoothing) and High pass (sharpening) filters in Frequency domain.
T1
33-35 Build degradation model Degradation model, Algebraic approach to restoration, inverse filtering
T1
36-38 Model Least mean square filters Least mean square filters. Constrained Least square restoration
T1
39 Model Interactive restoration Interactive restoration T1
40-42 Determine edges and boundary Detection of discontinuities, Edge linking and boundary detection
T1
43-45 Design threshold models Threshold T1
46-47 Illustrate dilation Dilation, Structuring Element Decomposition
T1
48-50 Illustrate erosion the Strel function, Erosion T1
51-52 Examine Dilation and erosion Combining Dilation and Erosion: Opening and closing the hit and miss transformation
T1
53-55 Develop region segmentation Region oriented Segmentation T1
56-57 Classify various redundancies Redundancies and their removal methods, Fidelity criteria
T1
58-59 Categorize compression models Image compression models,
Source encoder and decoder
T1
60 Model Error free compression Error free compression T1
61 Model lossy compression Lossy Compression T1
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 52
62 Summarize JPEG 2000 Standards
JPEG 2000 Standards T1
2.9 MAPPING COURSE OBJECTIVES LEADING TO THE
ACHIEVEMENT THE PROGRAM OUTCOMES:
Course
Objectives
Program Outcomes Program Specific
Outcomes
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
1 H S H H S H S S S
2 H S H S S S S S
3 H H H S H S S S
4 H H S S S H S S S
5 H H H S H S S S
S – Supportive H - Highly Related
2.10 MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT
OF THE PROGRAM OUTCOMES:
Course
Outcomes
Program Outcomes Program Specific Outcomes
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
1 H H S H H S S H S S S
2 H S S
3 H H S H H S S H S
4 H S H S S S
5 H H H S S S S S
6 H S H S S H
7 H H S H H H S S S
8 H H S S S S S
9 H H S H H H S
10 H S S S H S S
S – Supportive H - Highly Related
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 53
2.11OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
UNIT-I
1.Translation of the origin of the world co-ordinate system to the location of the gimbals center is accomplished by using the matrix
a. Identity b. transformation c. null d. transition
2. A counter clockwise rotation of the camera implies position angles, and 0
0 mark is z and _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ axes are aligned a. X b. Y c. Z d. R
3. Digitization of the spatial co-ordinates (x, y) called a. Gray level quantization b. finite sampling c. Image sampling d. image quantization
4. A 128 X 128 image with 64 gray levels requires _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bits of
storage
a. 4096 b. 8192 c. 12288 d. 98304
3 4- neighbors of pixel p is a. (x+1, y) ( x, y+1) (x-1, y) ( x, y-1) b. (x, y) (x, y+1) (x+1, y+1) ( x, y-1) c. (x,y) ( x-1, y+1) (x+1, y+1) ( x, y-1) d. (x, y) ( x-1, y-1) ( x+1, y+1) ( x-1,y+1)
5. A 64 X 64 image with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gray levels requires 16,384 bits of storage a. 2
4
b. 28
c. 32 d. 64
6. A good image is difficult to define because image quality is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a. high subjective, weakly dependent b. lowly subjective, weakly dependent c. high subjective, strongly dependent d. lowly subjective, strongly dependent
7. Fine sampling is required in the neighborhood of sharp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ transition a. High level b. low level
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 54
c. medium level d. gray-level
8. The 4- diagonal neighbors of p have coordinate
[02S03] a. (x+1, y), ( x+1, y+1), (x-1, y+1),( x-1,
y-1)
b. (x, y),( x+1, y-1),(x-1, y+1),( x-1, y-11)
c. (x+1, y+1),( x+1, y-1),(x-1, y+1),( x-1, y-1)
d. (x+1, y+1),( x, y),(x-1, y+1),( x-1, y-1)
9. Connectivity is used to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of objects and components of regions in an
image
a. Establishing boundaries
b. destroy boundaries
c. Find boundaries
d. change boundaries
10. For coordinate p(3,4) the 4- diagonal neighbors of p are _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _
a. ( 3, 4) ( 4, 8) ( 3, 1) ( 2, 2)
b. ( 4, 3) ( 4, 2) ( 2,5) ( 2, 3)
c. ( 4 , 5) (4, 3) ( 2, 5) ( 2, 3)
d. ( 3, 5) ( 3, 3) ( 2, 5) ( 2, 3)
12. De(p,q)=[(x-s)2+(y-t)
2]
1/2 is the Euclidean _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a. distance and p
b. speed ,p and q
c. speed, q and p
d. distance, p and q
The Euclidean distance between p and q is defined as
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a. De(p,q)=[(x-s)+(y-t)
2]
1/2
b. De(p,q)=[(x-s)2+(y-t)]
1/2
c. De(p,q)=[(x-s)2+(y-t)
2]
2
d. De(p,q)=[(x-s)2+(y-t)
2]
1/2
13.The city-block distance between p and q is defined as
a. D4(p,q)=[|x-s|+|y-t|]1/2
b. D4(p,q)=[|x-s|+|y-t|]2
c.
D4
(p,q)=
[|x-
s|+|y-
t|]3 d.
D4(p,q
)=|x-
s|+|y-t|
13 .D4 distance is also called as
a. city-block distance
b. chess-board distance
c. Euclidean - distance
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 55
d. mean- distance
14. The chess - board distance between p and q is defined as
a. D8(p,q) = min(|x-s|,|y-t|)
b. D8(p,q) = max(|x-s|,|y-t|)
c. D8(p,q) = max(|x+s|,|y-t|)
d. D8(p,q) = max(|x-s|,|y+t|)
14. The principle logic operations used in an image processing are
a. AND,OR, compliment
b. greater, lesser
c. greater, over
d. less than or equal
15. D8 distance is also called as
a. city-block distance
b. chess-board distance
c. Euclidean - distance d. mean- distance
16. The principle uses of image multiplication is to correct
a. gray-level shading
b. noise reduction
c. medical-imaging
d. noise level shading
17. Logic operations apply to
a. binary image
b. multivolume pixels
c. unary image
d. ternary image
18. Arithmetic - logic units in modern image processors are used to perform arithmetic &
logic operations in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a. sequentially
b. parallel
c. randomly
d. Serial
19. Arithmetic operation apply to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a. binary image
b. multivolume pixels
c. unary image
d. ternary image
20. Logic operation are basic tools in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ processing
a. color image
b. digital image
c. signal d. Binary image
21. Logic operation are basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in Binary image processing
a. medical operations
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 56
b. digital analog c. signal
22. The Discrete Fourier transfer function is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ function
a. continuous
b. discrete
c. discontinuous
d. loop
23. The DFT function for x=0,1,2,N then the , , , , , , , , , , , , , , is 1/NΔx
a. b. ΔN c. Δx
d. Δx/N
24. The Separability property is obtained by successive applications of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a. 1-DFT or its inverse
b. 2-DFT or its inverse
c. 3-DFT or its inverse
d. any DFT
25. In the translation property , the visual examination of transform is usually limited to display
of its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a. angle
b. magnitude
c. volume
d. area
26. The average value of the 2-D discrete function is ----------------------
27. The Laplacion of two variable function f(x,y) defined as ------------------
28. Consider 2-FT relationships that constitute a basic link between the
spatial and frequency domains. These relationships called _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a. correlation, spatial convolution
b. convolution, correlation
c. spatial convolution, spatial correlation
d. spatial correlation, spatial convolution
29. f1
(x, y) = 1?N2 f(x,y) is the average value of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ discrete function is
a. 2-D
b. 3-D
c. 1-D d. n-D
30. The DFT and its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are periodic with period N
a. equal
b. Inverse
c. proportional
d. not have any relation
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 57
31. In the periodicity properties of the FT , Fourier spectrum shows _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ periods in interval [ 0, n-1]
a. back-to-back half
b. back-to-back-full
c. back-to-back double
d. back-to-back triple
32. In the periodicity properties of FT , the shifted spectrum showing a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
period in the same interval
a. full
b. half
c. double
d. terrible
33. Whittaker-Shanoy sour lining theorem'' is a complete recovery of band - limited
function from samples where spacing satisfies --------------------
34. Application correlation in Image processing is
a. prototype matching, closest match between unknown image and known image
b. prototype matching, no match between unknown image and known image
c. prototype matching, closest match between unknown image and prototype image
d. match between similar image 35. Sampling can represented by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ an Impulse train with the
function of interest
a. multiplying
b. differentiating
c. integrating
d. dividing
36. The array formed by Walsh transformation kernel is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ matrix
having _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ rows and columns
a. symmetric, orthogonal
b. asymmetric, orthogonal
c. symmetric, polygonal d. asymmetric, polygonal
37. The elements of hadmard matrix are derived from the
a. kernel values
b. by normalizing the hadmard matrix
c. sequence of that hadmard columns
d. sequence of that hadmard rows
38. The DFT is that function f(x) is discredited into a sequence by taking 'N' sample units
apart
a. x - Δ x
b. Δ x
c. x+Δ x d. x
39. The DFT function for x=0,1,2, N then the is
a. 1/ NΔx
b. x1/Δx
c. NΔx d. x
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 58
40. Basic transformations are developed to overcome the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ problems
a. image rotation, image scaling, image translation
b. image acquisition, image translation
c. image transition, image rotation
d. image detection, image translation
UNIT-II
1. In addition to pixel by pixel processing an entire images, arithmetic and logical operations
are used in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ operations
1. adjacent-oriented
2. connected oriented
3. Neighborhood oriented
4. control oriented
2. The shape and meaning of the histogram are not affected by the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ readings axis
origin
horizontal axis
vertical axis
3. To rotate a point about another arbitrary point in space requires _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ number of transformations
1
2
3
4
4. Histogram processing P(rk) gives an estimate of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of gray level rk probability of occurrence
probability of failure
probability of coincidence
probability of mutual exclusion
5. A plot of histogram processing P(rk)function all values of K provides a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ description of the appearance image normal
global
local
formal
6. The image enhancement techniques by considering processing methods that are bagged
only on the intensity of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ pixels single
double
half
Tribute
7. The idea behind contrast stretching is to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dynamic range of gray levels
in image processing increase
decrease
neither increase nor decrease
no change
8. Histogram transformation function is also called as
histogram equalization
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 59
histogram computation
histogram quantization
histogram non equalization
9. In the local histogram processing, only one new row or column of neighborhood
changes during a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ translation of the region column to row
pixel to row
column to pixel
pixel to pixel
10. Updating the histogram obtained in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ introduced at each motion
step is possible present location with old data
previous location with old data
previous location with new data
present location with new data
11. The advantage of histogram equalization over manual contrast manipulation techniques is
that the former is Partially automatic
partially manual
fully automatic
fully manual
12. The local histogram processing is advantage over computing the histogram over all pixels
in the neighborhood region each time the region moved _ pixel
location 1
2
3
4
13. The undesirable checker board effect is produced when reduce the computation is to utilize_______Regions
non overlapping
overlapping
opposite
nearest
14. The measure of average brightness and variance is measure of
contrast
intensity
image processing
local enhancement
15. The histogram specification, the desired image levels could be equalized by the
transformation function is ------------------
If an noisy image g(x,y) is formed by using M different noisy images, the g(x,y) is ----
---
16. The spatial filtering is opposed to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ filtering using the Fourier
transform
time- domain frequency domain
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 60
complex-domain
minimal-domain
17. Low contrast images can result from poor illumination, wrong setting of aperture
wrong setting of aperture , lack of dynamic range in the imaging sensor
wrong setting of aperture, poor illumination
poor illumination, wrong setting of aperture, lack of dynamic range
in the imaging sensor
18. The method of histogram specification function involves _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
transformation functions. 1
2
3
4
19. An effective way to compress the dynamic range of pixel values to perform the
following intensity transformation is useful ---------------------
20. The condition , 0 <=T( r) <=1 for 0 <=r<=1 guarantees a mapping that is consistent with the allowed range of pixel values
preserves the order from black to white in the gray value
guarantees a mapping that is inconsistent with the allowed range of pixel values
the order from white to black in the gray value
21.P( r)=probability density function with r levels=-2r+2 0 <=r <=1 0 elsewhere
probability density function of 's' in the 0<=s<=1 range given by
-1
-1
0
-2
22. Disadvantage of histogram equalization over histogram on specification is
fully automatic
does not lend itself to interactive image enhancement applications
flexible
lend itself to interactive image enhancement applications
23. Median filters are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
linear
nonlinear
active
passive
24.The image differentiation magnitude to (mag) given by ------------------
If noise pattern consists of strong spike like components which filter is used
median filter
low pass spatial filtering
neighborhood averaging method
high pass spatial filtering
25. If member of gray levels are 16 and with 256 samples true then number of bits
required
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 61
. 256* 256* 16 b. 256* 128* 16 c. 256* 8* 128 d. 128* 128* 32
26.Low pass spatial filter have
a. +ve coefficients b -ve coefficients
c neutral
d no coefficients
27.Low pass spatial filters also called
A neighborhood averaging method
B median filter
C general method
D butter worth
28.High pass filters are attenuate or eliminate
A high frequency components
B low frequency components
C no frequency
D any frequency components
29.Low pass filters are attenuate or eliminate
A high frequency components
B low frequency components
C no frequency
D any frequency components
30.The different noisy images are increases the viability of the pixel values of each
location (x,y)
a increases
b increase and then decreases
c decreases and the increases
d decreases
22 The principal objective of sharpening is _ _ _ _ __ _ live defining in an image
Neglect
a. highlight
b. weakening
c. strengthen
23. The method which is one of the basic tools function image processing
applications in printing and publishing industry
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 62
a. sharp marking
b. unsharp marking
c. spatial marking
d. gradient marking
24. The transfer function of BLPE of order n and with cut off frequency locus at
difference do from origin is defined by
a. H( mu,v)=1/[1+h(D(u,v)/D_0)n]
b. H( mu,v)=1/[1+h(D(u,v)/D_0)2]
25. High pass spatial files eliminates the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ term
a. zero-frequency
b. high-boost-frequency
c. average-frequency
d. low frequency
26. Enhancement frequency domain is compute the furies Henry
function of image and multiply the result by fitters transfer function and
take _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the produce enhanced image
a. Fourier transfer
b. inverse transfer
c. belies transfer
d. laplace
27. For an ideal low pass filter career section, the point of transition between
H(u,v)=1 and H(u,v)=0 often called
a. saturated frequency
b. cut in frequency
c. cut off frequency
d. unsaturated frequency
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 63
28. Redirecting the average value of an image to zero implies that the image must have some _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ levels
a. negative gray
b. positive gray
c. zero gray
d. infinite
29. Unsharp marking is the process of a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ blurred image from original
a. adding
b. multiplying
c. subtracting
d. dividing
30. The blessing is achieved in frequency domain by attenuating or specified range of components
function transform of given image
a. high frequency
b. low frequency
c. bond frequency
d. in equal frequency
31. The flitter transfer function that affect the real and imaginary parts of Fourier transform of
image to be smoothed in exactly the same manner. The flitters referred as
a. zero-phase shift filters
b. 30-phase shift filters
c. 60-phase shift filters
d. 90-phase shift filters
32. In ideal filters indicates all frequencies out side the circle are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
a. No attenuation
b. complete attenuated
c. partially attenuated
d. varies attenuatio
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 64
34 The high pass filtering process attenuates the components without disturbing
e. low frequency, high frequency
f. High frequency, low frequency
g. low frequency, low frequency h. high frequency, high frequency
33. The image sharpening can be achieved in frequency domain by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ process
a. low pass filtering
b. high pass filtering
c. butter worth filtering
d. low pass and high pass
34. Ideal high pass filter is completely opposite to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ filters
a. ideal low pass
b. ideal butter worth
c. ideal band pass d. any ideal filters
35. In the enhancement in the frequency domain we compute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the image
to be enhanced
a. integral
b. Fourier transformation
c. differential d. lap lace transformation
36. The zero phase shift filters are
a. radically asymmetric
b. uniformly asymmetric
c. radically symmetric
d. uniformly symmetric 37. In the enhancement in the frequency domain we perform _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ transform to
produce the enhanced image
a. inverse
b. Fourier
c. Laplace
d. differential
38. The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ distance between p and q is defined as
a. hexagon
b. general
c. Euclidean
d. hypothetical
39. The final histogram with significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ corresponding to an image with
high contrast [20S04]
a. speed
b. volume
c. area d. value
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page No 65
40. The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ property is obtained by successive applications of 1-DFT or its
inverse.
a. Separability
b. Normalization
c. unique
d. non separable
41. Lowpass filter transfer function of n order is given by H(u,v)= cutoff frequency locus at a
distance of D0 from
a. 1/1-[D(u,v)/DO]2n
b. 1/1+[D(u,v)/DO]2n
c. 1/1+[D(u,v)/DO]n
d. 1/1-[D(u,v)/DO]n
UNIT-III
1. The number of bits used to represent each pixel in RGB space is called
a. picture depth
b. picture length
c. pixel depth
d. pixel length
2. A color attribute that describes a pure color
a. hue
b. saturation
c. brightness
d. luminance
3. The amounts of red, green and blue needed to form any particular color are called
a. composite value
b. luminance value
c. tristimulus value
d. chromaticity value
4. A model that decouples the color and gray scale information in an image, making it suitable
for many of the gray scale technique
a. CMYK model
b. HSI model
c. RGB model
d. CMY model
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 66
5. A model in which each color appears in its primary spectral components of red, green and blue
a. HSI model
b. RGB models
c. CMY models
d. CMYK model
6. The total amount of energy that flows from the light source and it is usually measured in watt
a. brightness
b. luminance
c. radiance
d. chromaticity
7. A measure of the amount of energy an observer perceives from a light source measured in
lumens
a. brightness
b. luminance
c. radiance
d. chromaticity
8. The sensors in the eye responsible for color vision
a. cones
b. rods
c. retina
d. lens
9. The characteristics generally used to distinguish one color from another are
a. brightness , hue
b. hue, brightness
c. saturation, hue
d. saturation, hue and brightness
10. Hue and Saturation taken together are called
a. brightness
b. luminance
c. radiance
d. chromaticity
11. An approach to perform three independent transformations on the gray level of an input pixel
is frequently used by
a. single spectral image processing
b. multi level image processing
c. multi level and multi spectral image processing
d. multi spectral image processing
12. In gray level to color transformation, if all three transformation have the same phase and
frequency the output image will be
a. pseudo color
b. color
c. monochrome
d. binary
13. Gray scale is divided in to intervals and a different color was assign to each region with out
regard for the meaning of the gray levels of the image
a. intensity slicing
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 67
b. neither intensity slicing nor color coding
c. intensity slicing and color coding
d. color coding
14. A powerful aid in visualization, if numerous images are involved and the exact values of gray
levels are known
a. color coding
b. intensity slicing
c. neither intensity slicing nor color coding
d. intensity slicing and color coding
15. An approach that perform three independent transformations on the gray level of an input pixel
and then fed separately in to the red, green and blue channels
a. color coding
b. intensity slicing
c. gray level to color transformation
d. gray to binary transformation
16. A measure of the degree to which a pure color is diluted by white light
a. brightness
b. luminance
c. saturation
d. hue
17. The hue, saturation and intensity values required to form the HSI space can be obtained from
the
a. HSI color cube
b. RGB color cube
c. CMY color cube
d. CMYK color cube 18. An example of pseudo color image processing
a. intensity slicing
b. color coding
c. neither intensity slicing nor color coding
d. intensity slicing and color coding
19. If an image is interpreted as a 3-D function the method can be viewed as one of placing planes
parallel to the coordinate plane of the image: each plane then slices the function in the area of
intersection
a. color coding
b. intensity slicing
c. neither intensity slicing nor color coding
d. intensity slicing and color coding 20. In terms of digital image processing the hardware oriented models most commonly used in
practice
a. HSI model
b. CMYK model
c. RGB model
d. CMY model
21. A subjective descriptor that is particularly impossible to measure
a. saturation
b. brightness
c. luminance
d. radiance
22. CIE stands for
a. Certified internet engineer
b. Collaborative information environment
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 68
c. Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage
d. Commission for illumination and emission 23. A proper combination of the three pigment primary or secondary with its opposite primary
produces
a. cyan
b. black
c. white
d. yellow 24. The use of color image processing is motivated because
a. color is a powerful descriptor
b. human can discern thousands of colors
c. human brain can perceive colors easily d. color is a powerful descriptor and human can discern thousands of colors
25. The problem of assigning a color to a particular monochrome intensity or range of intensities
a. monochrome image processing
b. binary image processing
c. pseudo color processing
d. full color processing
26. The quantities used to describe the quality of a chromatic light source
a. radiance, luminance and brightness
b. radiance
c. luminance
d. brightness
27. In HSI component image to change the individual color of any region in the RGB image, we
change the values of corresponding region in the
a. intensity image
b. saturation image
c. hue image
d. binary image
28. A color model that decouples the intensity component from the color carrying information in a
color image
a. RGB color model
b. HIS color model
c. CMY color model
d. CMYK color model
29. A color model ideal for image color generation but its use for color description is much more
limited
a. CMY color model
b. HSI color model
c. RGB color model
d. CMY, RGB and HSI models
30. An attribute associated with the dominant wavelength in a mixture of light waves
a. brightness
b. saturation
c. hue
d. luminance
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 69
31. An operator having the input- output relationship g(x, y)=H[f(x, y)]if expressed as H[f(x-α, y-
β)]=g(x-α, y-β))
a. position invariant b. additive
c. homogeneity
d. linear
32. The linear image restoration is frequently signified by
a. blind deconvolution
b. image convolution
c. blind convolution
d. image deconvolution
33. If H is a linear position-invariant process, then G(U, V) = H(U, V)* F(U, V)+N(U, V)
a. degraded image in spatial domain
b. degraded image in frequency domain
c. enhancement in frequency domain
d. enhancement in frequency domain
34. In the expression H [f1(x,y)+f2(x,y)] = H[f1(x,y)]+H[f2(x,y)]
a. linear
b. additive
c. linear, additive ,homogeneity
d. homogeneity
35. In the expression H [ af1(x,y)+bf2(x,y)] = aH[f1(x,y)]+bH[f2(x,y)]
a. linear
b. additive
c. linear, additive ,homogeneity d. homogeneity
36. In the expression H[af1(x,y)]=aH[f2(x,y)], H obeys the property of
a. linear
b. additive
c. linear, additive ,homogeneity
d. homogeneity
37. A process to reconstruct or recover an image that has been degraded by using a priori
knowledge of the degradation phenomenon
a. restoration and enhancement
b. neither restoration nor enhancement
c. restoration
d. enhancement
38. The process of estimating the original image, from the degraded image with some knowledge
about the degradation function and some knowledge about the additive noise
a. enhancement
b. degradation
c. segmentation
d. restoration
39. The degradation function H is
a. linear
b. position invariant
c. homogeneity
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 70
d. linear, position invariant and homogeneity
40. If H is a linear position-invariant process, then G(U, V) = H(U, V)* F(U, V)+N(U, V) [06S04]
a. degraded image in spatial domain
b. degraded image in frequency domain
c. enhancement in frequency domain
d. enhancement in spatial domain
41. Restoration filter that assumes that degradation was caused by a linear function
a. blind deconvolution
b. inverse filtering
c. geometric filtering d. mean filtering
42. Restoration filter that gives an estimate of the original uncorrupted image with minimal mean
square error
a. wiener filtering
b. inverse filtering
c. geometric filtering
d. mean filtering
43. In the restoration process the filter in which the power spectra of the un degraded image and
noise must be known
a. inverse filtering
b. both inverse filtering and wiener filtering
c. wiener filtering
d. mean filtering
44. The restoration process in which the knowledge of mean and variance of the noise are known
a. wiener filtering
b. inverse filtering
c. constrained least square filtering
d. mean filtering
45. The restoration filter which uses the Laplacian to alleviate the noise
a. wiener filtering
b. constrained least square filtering
c. inverse filtering
d. mean filterin
46. The filters used in the restoration process are often called
a. blind filter
b. deconvolution filter
c. restoration filter
d. convolution filter
47. The process of restoring an image by using a degradation function that has been estimated in
some way sometimes is called
a. blind convolution
b. image convolution
c. blind deconvolution
d. image deconvolution
48. A restoration process where we compute an estimate F(U, V) of the transform of the original
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 71
image simply by dividing the transform of the degraded image G(U, V), by the degradation
function
a. wiener filtering
b. inverse filtering
c. constrained least squares filtering
d. mean filtering
49. The inverse filtering approach has a disadvantage that it makes no explicit provision for
handling
a. ratio of power spectra should be known b. restrict difference between blurred image and blurred version of the reconstructed
image
c. restrict the smoothness in restored image
d. noise
50. The image restoration obtained by the equation
a. inverse filtering
b. wiener filtering
c. constrained least square filtering d. mean filtering
51. The filter which yields better results for the high and medium noise case
a. wiener filtering
b. constrained least square filtering
c. inverse filtering d. mean filtering
52. If the noise in the wiener is zero then the wiener filter reduces to
a. wiener filtering
b. constrained least square filtering
c. inverse filtering d. mean filtering
53. Developing effect of the wiener filter dimishes rapidly as noise level
a. non increasing
b. decreases
c. increases
d. non decreasing
54. A method aim to suppress degradation using knowledge about its nature
a. restoration and enhancement
b. neither restoration nor enhancement
c. enhancement
d. restoration
55. Methods based on deconvolution applied globally to the entire image
a. restoration and enhancement
b. neither restoration nor enhancement
c. restoration
d. enhancement
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 72
56. When both noise and blur are presented the filter that achieves a compromise between the low
pass noise smoothing filter and high pass inverse filter
a. wiener filtering
b. constrained least square filtering
c. mean filtering
d. inverse filtering
57. Filter used when little is known about the statistical properties of the observed image
a. wiener filtering
b. constrained least square filtering
c. mean filtering
d. inverse filtering
58. The filter which is unstable
a. wiener filtering
b. constrained least square filtering
c. mean filtering
d. inverse filtering
59. In the presence of additive noise the inverse filter output can be written as
a. F(U,V)+( N(U,V)/H(U,V) )
b. F(U,V)-( N(U,V)/H(U,V) )
c. N(U,V)/H(U,V)
d. (F(U,V)+ N(U,V))/H(U,V)
UNIT-IV
1. Image segmentation generally are based on one of the two basic properties of intensity values
a. continuity and dissimilarity
b. discontinuity and similarity
c. discontinuity and dissimilarity
d. continuity and similarity 2. In the detection of isolated points in an image the mask coefficients sum to zero, indicating
that the mask response will be
a. non zero in area of constant gray level
b. should have +ve value in area of constant gray level
c. should have -ve value in area of constant gray level d. zero in area of contrast gray level
3. Let R1, R2, R3 and R4 denotes the response of the mask for horizontal, +45o, vertical and -45
o
respectively. If at a point in the image |R1| > | Rj| for j=2,3,4 that particular point is said to be
more likely associated with a
a. line oriented at -45o
b. horizontal line
c. vertical line
d. line oriented at 45o
4. The first derivative can be used to detect the presence of an
a. double edges in an image
b. noise in an image
c. edge at a point
d. edge pixel on the dark or light side
5. The zero crossing property of the second derivative is useful for locating
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 73
a. the centers of the thick edges
b. magnitude of the gradient
c. direction of the gradient vector
d. constant area in the derivative image
6. A multi level thresholding classifies a point (x, y) as belonging to an object class by using
a. single threshold
b. multi spectral threshold
c. single spectral threshold
d. multiple threshold
7. In the case of global thresholding the threshold depends on
a. local property P(x, y)
b. F(x, y)
c. F(x, y) and local property P(x, y)
d. F(x, y) and the spatial coordinates x and y
8. The hough transform is applicable to find
a. circle
b. any geometric shape
c. line
d. rectangle
9. In global threshold segmentation is accomplished by scanning the image pixel by pixel and
labeling each pixel as object or background , depending on whether the gray level of that pixel
is greater or less than the value of
a. single global threshold
b. the spatial coordinates x and y
c. single global threshold and the spatial coordinates x and y
d. local property P(x, y)
10. The threshold used for each pixel depends on the location of the pixel in terms of the sub
images, this type of thresholding is
a. optimal thresholding
b. global thresholding
c. adaptive thresholding
d. local thresholding
11. An histogram which is less dependent on the relative size of the objects and the background
can be obtained by using
a. optimal thresholding
b. boundary characteristics
c. global thresholding
d. adaptive thresholding
12. A method for estimating thresholds that produce the minimum average segmentation error
a. adaptive thresholding
b. boundary characteristics
c. optimal thresholding
d. global thresholding
13. In the region split and merge the split in to four disjoint quadrants of any region Ri is done if
a. Ri is not connected
b. P(Ri)=true
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 74
c. P(Ri)= false
d. Ri is connected
14. In the region split and merge the merge any adjacent regions Rj and Rk if
a. P(Ri U Rk)= false
b. P(Ri U Rk)=true
c. P(Ri) =true
d. P(Ri) =false
15. An approach to sub divide an image initially in to a set of arbitrary, disjointed regions and then
merge and/or split the regions
a. edge detection
b. region splitting and merging
c. region growing
d. thresholding
16. The splitting technique used in region splitting and merging has a convenient representation
a. split tree
b. pyramid
c. spanning tree
d. quad tree
17. In the region splitting and merging
a. only splitting is performed
b. merging and splitting are simultaneously done
c. splitting are done first
d. merging done first
18. A procedure that groups pixels or sub regions in to larger regions based on predefined criteria
a. edge detection
b. merge and split
c. thresholding
d. region growing
19. The approach in which a set of seed points are identified and from these grow regions by
appending to each seed those neighboring pixels that have properties similar to the seed
a. merge and split
b. region growing
c. threshold
d. edge detection
20. Basic problem in region growing segmentation is
a. selecting a set of seed points
b. formulation of a stopping rule
c. selecting a set of seed points and formulation of a stopping rule d. to calculate the similarity properties
21. Selecting a set of one or more starting can be based on
a. nature of the problem
b. type of image
c. size of the image
d. nature of the problem and type of image
22. Region growing should stop when no more pixel satisfy the criteria for inclusion in that region,
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 75
these criteria's are
a. gray level and texture
b. texture and color
c. gray level, texture, color
d. gray level and color
23. Segmentation problems requiring multiple thresholds are best solved using
a. optimal thresholding
b. region growing method
c. region split and merge
d. adaptive thresholding
24. The basic problem with use of boundary characteristics for histogram improvement and local
thresholding
a. peaks are tall and narrow
b. histogram is independent of image and background
c. implicit assumption that edges between object and background are to be known
d. histogram is uni modal
UNIT-V
1. The process of removing the inter pixel redundancies in an image
a. quantization
b. mapping
c. coding
d. naming
2. The eye does not respond with equal sensitivity to all visual information , some information
which has less relative important is known as
a. coding redundancy
b. inter pixel redundancy
c. psycho visual redundancy
d. coding, inter pixel and psycho visual redundancy
3. Redundancy which relates directly to the inter pixel correlations with in an image
a. coding redundancy
b. inter pixel redundancy
c. psycho visual redundancy
d. coding, inter pixel and psycho visual redundancy 4. Redundancies which result from the structural or geometric relationships between the objects
in the image [16M02]
a. coding redundancy
b. inter pixel redundancy
c. psycho visual redundancy d. coding, inter pixel and psycho visual redundancy
5. Inter pixel redundancies can be named as
a. spatial redundancy
b. geometric redundancy
c. inter frame redundancy
d. spatial, geometric and inter frame redundancy
6. Image compression addresses the problem of reducing the amount of data by removing
a. Error data
b. Noisy data
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 76
c. Redundant data
d. Redundant and Noisy data
7. In digital image compression, data redundancies identified are
a. coding redundancy
b. inter pixel redundancy
c. psycho visual redundancy
d. coding, inter pixel and psycho visual redundancy
8. The construction of codes to reduce the amount of data used to represent it
a. coding redundancy
b. inter pixel redundancy
c. psycho visual redundancy
d. coding, inter pixel and psycho visual redundancy
9. Assigning fewer bits to the more probable gray level than to the less probable ones to achieve
data compression
a. Fixed length coding
b. Hexadecimal coding
c. Variable length coding
d. Natural binary coding
10. The probability of gray levels are used to remove the redundancy
a. Inter pixel redundancy
b. Coding redundancy
c. Psycho visual redundancy
d. Coding, inter pixel and psycho visual redundancy
11. Hamming code corrects
a. any no. of bit error
b. two bit error
c. single bit error
d. three bit error
12. Hamming code is
a. error detection code
b. error correction code
c. error detection and correction code
d. neither error detecting nor error correcting code
13. The source encoder is responsible for reducing or eliminating
a. coding redundancy
b. inter pixel redundancy
c. psycho visual redundancy
d. coding, inter pixel and psycho visual redundancy
14. In the general source decoder the redundancies which are not included
a. inverse quantization
b. symbol decoder
c. inverse mapper
d. symbol encoder
15. The channel encoder and decoder uses
a. Huffman code
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 77
b. hamming code
c. arithmetic code
d. Huffman, hamming and arithmetic codes
16. The process of removing the psycho visual redundancy in an image
a. quantization
b. mapping
c. coding
d. naming
17. Removal of redundant data results in a loss of quantitative information is
a. coding redundancy
b. inter pixel redundancy
c. psycho visual redundancy
d. coding, inter pixel and psycho visual redundancy
18. When the level of information loss can be expressed as a function of the original or input
image and the compressed and sub sequentially decompressed output is called as
a. objective and subjective fidelity criterion
b. objective fidelity criterion
c. subjective fidelity criterion
d. error fidelity criterion
19. The evaluation may be made using an absolute rating scale or by means of side by side
comparison of image and decompressed image
a. objective and subjective fidelity criterion
b. objective fidelity criterion
c. subjective fidelity criterion d. error fidelity criterion
20. Measuring the image quality by the subjective evaluation of a human observer
a. objective and subjective fidelity criterion
b. objective fidelity criterion
c. subjective fidelity criterion
d. error fidelity criterion
2.12 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS:
OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of the course are to:
11. Provide the student with the fundamentals of digital image processing.
12. Give the students a taste of the applications of the theories taught in the subject. This will be
achieved through the project and some selected lab sessions.
13. Introduce the students to some advanced topics in digital image processing.
14. Give the students a useful skill base that would allow them to carry out further study should
they be interested and to work in the field.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 78
UNIT-I
S. No
Question
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Tutorial– I
1
The term Monochrome image or simply image refers to a
two- dimensional light intensity function f(x,y), where x,y
are spatial
coordinates and f is proportional to the brightness.
Level1
1
2 Digital Image processing encompasses a broad range of hardware,
software and theoretical underpinnings. Level 2 2
3
A common measure of transmission for digital data is the baud
rate, defined as the number of bits transmitted per second.
Generally, transmission is accomplished in pockets consisting
of starting bit, a byte of information, and a stop bit. Using this
approach, answer the following.
(a) How many minutes would it take to transmit a 512×512
image with 256 grey levels at 300baud?
(b) What would the time be at 9600 baud?
Level 3
1
4 Transform theory has played a key role in image processing for
many years and it continues to be a topic of interest in theoretical
as well as applied work in this field.
Level 2
5 Although we discuss other transforms, we emphasize on the
Fourier transform because of its wide applications in image
processing problems
Level 3
6 N log2N additions and 1/2 N log2N multiplications are needed to
compute the FFT of N points. How many additions and
multiplications require to compute the 2- D FFT of an NXN
image.
Leve l3
7 State and prove separability property of 2D-DFT. Level 4
S
.
N
o
Question
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Tutorial– II
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 79
1 The principal objectives of enhancement techniques is to
process an image so that the result is more suitable than the
original image for a specific application. The spatial domain
refers to image plane itself.
Level2
6
2
Frequency domain processing techniques are based on
modifying the Fourier transform of an image. Enhancement
techniques based on various combinations of methods from
these two categories are not Unusual
Level2
6
3 Discuss and explain why the discrete histogram equalization
technique will not in general yield a flat histogram. Level2 6
4 Discuss following histogram techniques for Image enhancement. (a) Histogram specification. (b) Local enhancement.
Level2 6
5 (a) Explain about Histogram specification with necessary
derivations (b) What is meant by local enhancement? Discuss its importance
Level2 6
6
Enhancement in the frequency domain in principle is
straightforward. We simply compute the Fourier transform of
image to be enhanced, multiply the result by a filter transfer
function, and take the inverse transform to produce the
enhanced image.
Level2
2
7
Understanding of frequency domain concepts is essential to
the solution of many problems not easily addressable by
spatial techniques.
Level2
2
8 Sketch perspective plot of an 2-D Ideal High pass filter transfer
function and filter cross section and explain its usefulness in
Image enhancement.
Level2
2
9 Show that a high pass-filtered image in the frequency domain
can be obtained by using the method of subtracting a low pass
filtered image from the original.
Level4
2
S. No
Question
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Tutorial– III
1
The ultimate goal of restoration techniques is to improve an image
in some sense. The restoration techniques are oriented toward
modeling the degradation and applying the inverse process in order
to recover the original image.
Level3
5
2 Early techniques for digital image restoration were derived
from frequency domain concepts. Level2 5
3 Explain about Iterative Nonlinear Restoration Using the
Lucy- Richardson Algorithm. Level2 5
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 80
UNIT-III AND UNIT-IV :
4 Explain in detail the interactive restoration of an image Level2 5
5 Write a brief notes on Inverse filtering.
S. No
Question
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Tutorial– IV
1
Segmentation subdivides an image into its constituent parts or
objects. The level to which this subdivision is carried depends
on the problem being solved. i.e segmentation should stop when
the objects of interest in an application have been isolated.
Level2
5
2 Autonomous segmentation is one of the most difficult tasks in
image processing. Effective segmentation rarely fails to lead
to a successful solution.
Level2
5
3 Write about various edge Detectors available in function edge 5
4 What is meant by image segmentations? Discuss various applications
of it. Level3 5
5 Explain the significance of thresholding in image segmentation. Level2 5
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 81
UNIT-V
S. No
Question
Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Tutorial– V
1
Image compression address the problem of reducing the
amount of data required to represent a digital image. The
underlying basis of the reduction process is the removal of the
redundant data. From mathematical point of view, this
amounts to transforming a 2-D pixel
array into statistically uncorrelated data set.
Level2
5
2 The compressed image is decompressed to reconstruct the
original image or an approximation to it.
Level1 5
3 Explain about the following: (a) Lossy compression (b) Lossy
predictive coding
Level2 5
4 With a neat diagram explain in detail a general image
compression system model.
Level2 5
5 With a neat diagram explain the lossy predictive coding model. Level1 5
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 80
S. No
Question
Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Assignment–I
1 (a) Explain the process of Image acquisition.
(b) Discuss different elements used in digital image processing
system
Level1 1
2
(a) Explain the process of Image acquisition.
(b) Discuss different elements used in digital image
processing system.
Level2
1
3
A common measure of transmission for digital data is the baud
rate, defined as the number of bits transmitted per second.
Generally, transmission is accomplished in pockets consisting of
starting bit, a byte of information, and a stop bit. Using this
approach, answer the following.
(a) How many minutes would it take to transmit a 512×512
image with 256 grey levels at 300baud?
(b) What would the time be at 9600 baud?
(c) Repeat (a) and (b) for a 1024×1024 image 256 grey levels.
Level1
1
4
(a) Distinguish between uniform sampling and non uniform
sampling with respect to Images.
(b) What are the advantages of non uniform sampling.
Level2
1
5 Give the expressions for 1D and 2D kernels of Hadamard transform,
also give the transform expressions. Level2 3
6 (a) Find Fourier transform 2 -D sinusoidal function n(x,y) = A
sin(u0x
+ v0y), (b) Obtain the spectrum in above case.
Level4 3
7 Obtain Haar transform matrix for N=8. Level3 3
8
N log2N additions and 1/2 N log2N multiplications are needed to
compute the FFT of N points. How many additions and
multiplications require to compute the 2- D FFT of an NXN image
Level3
3
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 81
2.13 ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS:
UNIT-I
S. No
Question
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Assignment–II
1 Discuss the concept of derivative filters? How they are used in Image enhancement?
Level2 6
2 Discuss following histogram techniques for Image
enhancement.
(a) Histogram specification. (b) Local enhancement.
Level3 6
3 Discuss following histogram techniques for Image
enhancement. (a) Histogram specification. (b) Local enhancement.
Level2 6
4 Discuss the frequency domain techniques of Image
enhancement in detail. Level1
2
UNIT-II
Unit-III
5 Discuss Image smoothing with the following
(a) Low pass spatial filtering (b) Median filtering. Level1
2
6 Distinguish between spatial domain techniques and frequency
domain techniques of Image enhancement. Level2
2
7
Sketch perspective plot of an 2-D Ideal High pass filter transfer
function and filter cross section and explain its usefulness in
Image enhancement.
Level2
3
8
What is meant by image enhancement?
(a) Discuss the need for enhancement
(b) Discuss the spatial domain methods for image enhancement.
Level2
2
S. No
Question
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Assignment–III
1 Explain about Iterative Nonlinear Restoration Using the Lucy- Richardson Algorithm.
Level4 5
2 (a) What is a Image Formation Model.
(b) Write about Various Image Observation Models with
Examples.
Level2 5
3 Explain in detail the interactive restoration of an image. Level2 5
4 (a) Explain the image degradation model for continuous functions
(b) Discuss about unconstrained, constrained restorations. Level2 5
5 (a)What is meant by image degradation? Discuss various
possibilities for image degradation. Level2 5
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 82
UNIT-IV
S.
No
Question
Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Assignment–IV
1 What is Thresholding? Explain about Global Thresholding. Level4 5
2 (a) Find the edge Detection using function edge
(b) Explain about Sobel edge Detector.
Level2 5
3 Write about various edge Detectors available in function edge. Level4 5
4 (a) Discuss about Global processing via the Hough Transform.
(b) Explain about Global thresholding.
Level4 5
5 (a) Explain indetail the threshold selection based on
boundary characteristics.
Level2 5
UNIT-V
S. No
Question
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
Course Outcome
Assignment–
V
1 What is Error Free Compression? Explain about variable
length coding. Level4 5
2 Compare lossless and lossy predictive coding methods. Level2 5
3
Construct its 3-bit IGS code. Consider an 8- pixel line of gray-
scale data, 12,12,13,13,10,13,57,54, which has been
uniformly quantized with 6-bit accuracy.
Level4
5
4 Compare lossless and lossy predictive coding methods. Level4 5
5 explain the lossy predictive coding model. With a neat diagram Level2 5
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 83
S.
No
Question Blooms
taxonomy
level
Course
Outcomes
UNIT – I
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS & IMAGE T RANSFORMS
GROUP - A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 List the steps involved in digital image processing Understand 1
2 How do you represent the digital images? Remember 1
3 Explain about sampling and quantization of an image. Understand 1
4 Explain a simple Image formation model Understand 1
5 Name various arithmetic and logical operations that can be
done on Images
Understand 1
6 What are the different fields in which Digital Image Processing
is used?
Remember 1
7 Explain about some of the geometrical operations that can be
done on images
Understand 1
8 Distinguish between Fourier Magnitude Spectrum, Fourier
Phase Spectrum and Power spectrum.
Remember 1
9 Define discrete cosine transform Understand 1
10 Define an Image Understand 1
11 What is meant by pixel? Understand 1
12 Define Resolutions Remember 1
13 What is Dynamic Range? Understand 1
14 What is meant by illumination and reflectance? Remember 1
15 Find the number of bits required to store a 256 X 256 image
with 32 gray levels
Remember 1
16 Write the expression to find the number of bits to store a digital
image?
Understand 1
17 What is the need for transform? Understand 1
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 84
QUESTION BANK:
18 What is Image Transform? Understand 1
19 What are the applications of transform? Understand 1
20 What are the properties of unitary transform? Understand 1
GROUP – B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Explain the steps involved in digital image processing Understand 1
2 Discuss about the following relationships between pixels with
neat diagrams
i) Neighbours of a pixel ii) Connectivity
iii) Distance measures
iv) Path
Remember 1
3 Write the expressions for Walsh transform kernel and Walsh
transform (1D &2D).
Remember 1
4 Briefly explain the forward and inverse transformation kernels
of image transforms
Understand 1
5 Name and explain some important properties of 2-D DFT Understand 1
6 Discuss about the Slant transform (1-D & 2-D) Remember 1
7 Discuss about the Hadamard transforms (1-D & 2-D) Remember 1
8 Discuss about the Haar transform (1-D & 2-D) Remember 1
9 Discuss about the Hotelling transforms (1-D & 2-D) Remember 1
10 State and prove separability property of 2D-DFT. Understand 1
11 State and prove the translation property Remember 1
12 State distributivity and scaling property Remember 1
GROUP – C (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 Calculate DCT matrix of order 8? Analyze 2
2 Calculate Haar Transform matrix of order 8? Analyze 2
3 Write Hadamard matrix of order 3? Apply 1
4 Compare different Transform Techniques. Apply 1
5 Obtain K L Transform for X=[1 2 1 0] Apply 2
UNIT – II
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT (SPATIAL DOMAIN & FREQUENCY DOMAIN)
GROUP - A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 85
1 Narrate the concept of derivative filters. Understand 3
2 Discuss how the derivative filters are used in Digital Image
Enhancement?
Remember 3
3 Describe Histogram Specification Understand 3
4 Explain Gray level transformation functions for contrast
enhancement
Remember 3
5 Discuss the Image negatives transformations Understand 3
6 Discuss the Contrast stretching transformations Understand 3
7 Explain the Local enhancement Understand 3
8 Explain the Image subtraction Apply 3
9 Explain the Image averaging Apply 3
10 What is the objective of image enhancement? Define spatial
domain. Define point processing
Remember 3
11 Explain on procedure to derive frequency domain filtering from
spatial domain
Remember 3
12 Explain the method to set the cut off frequencies in ILPF? Analyze 3
13 Correspondence between filtering in the spatial & frequency
domains
Understand 3
14 Explanation on the basic steps for filtering used to enhance an
image in frequency domain
Understand 3
15 Explain the concept of homomorphism filtering Understand 3
GROUP – B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Explain smoothing spatial filters and nonlinear order statistic
spatial filters Understand 3
2 Explain about Prewitt and Sobel edge Detectors Remember 3
3 Describe image Histogram Equalization Remember 3
4 Explain the method of using the second derivate for Image
sharpening by Laplacian Operator Remember 3
5 What is high boost spatial filtering? Compare it with high pass
spatial filtering Understand 3
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 86
6 Discuss how the Bit Plane Slicing is useful in image processing Understand 3
7 Discuss the importance of a kernel or mask or window in
spatial filtering used for enhancement of a digital image Analyze 3
8 How does the spatial filter with name Order static filter (non
linear filter) or median filter work? Evaluate 3
9 What is meant by image enhancement by point processing?
Discuss any two methods in it. Remember 3
10 . Define histogram of a digital image. Explain how histogram
is useful in image enhancement? Understand 3
11 . Write about Smoothing Spatial filters Understand 3
12 . What is meant by the Gradiant and the Laplacian? Discuss
their role in image enhancement. Remember 3
13 . Description of Homo-morphic filtering Remember 3
14 . Expression for 2-D IHPF, Expression for BHPF, Expression
for GHPF with sketches. Explain their usefulness in Image enhancement Apply 3
15 . Give the expression for 2-D ILPF, BLPF & GLPF functions
and sketch them. Explain their usefulness in Image enhancement Understand 3
16 . Expression for Butterworth Low Pass Filter in frequency
domain and discuss Remember 3
17 . Compare the characteristics of Low pass, High pass and
Homo-morphic filters in image enhancement in frequency domain. Analyze 3
18 . Discuss about Ideal High Pass Filter and Butterworth High
Pass filter Remember 3
19 . Discuss about Gaussian High Pass and Gaussian Low Pass
Filter Remember 3
20 . Explain how Laplacian is implemented in frequency domain Analyze 3
21 . Write about high boost and high frequency filtering Understand 3
GROUP – C (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 Compare Butterworth, Gaussian and ideal filter responses Analyze 3
2 Give the probability density functions for Rayleigh noise Remember 4
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 87
models
3 Give the probability density functions for the Erlang noise
models Remember 4
4 Give the probability density functions for Gaussian noise
models Remember 4
5 Give the probability density functions for Salt and Pepper noise
models Remember 4
GROUP – B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Explain the method of Least Mean Squares Filtering
(Wiener) for image restoration Understand 4
2 Explain model of image degradation/restoration process with a
block diagram Apply 4
3 Explain the method of Constrained Least Squares Filtering for
image restoration Understand 4
4 Explain three principle ways to estimate the degradation
function for use in image restoration Understand 4
5 Discuss the process of image restoration by direct inverse
filtering? Understand 4
6 Write about Noise Probability Density Functions for all noise
models Understand 4
7 Explain about iterative nonlinear restoration using the Lucy–
Richardson algorithm. Understand 4
GROUP – C (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 Apply Arithmetic, geometric, median filters of various sizes on
image.Analyze the result. Analyze 4
2 Obtain equations for butterworth,gaussian band reject filters Understand 4
3 Obtain equations for butterworth,gaussian band pass filters Understand 4
UNIT – IV
IMAGE SEGMENTATION & MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE PROCESSING
GROUP - A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Write about edge detection Remember 5
2 Explain about the Local processing for edge linking Understand 5
3 Write short note on Region Growing Remember 5
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 88
4 Write the mask for prewitt operator Remember 5
5 Write the mask for sobel operator Remember 5
6 Write the mask for laplacian operator Remember 5
7 Define segmentation Remember 5
8 Describe dilation morphological transformations on a binary
image
Apply 7
9 Describe erosion morphological transformations on a binary
image
Apply 7
10 Write short notes on Structuring elements in image
morphological transformations
Understand 7
11 Write short notes on Digital image water marking Remember 7
12 What are the Applications of morphology Remember 7
13 What are the Applications of digital water marking Remember 7
14 What is encoding technique in digital water marking Apply 7
15 What is decoding technique in digital water marking Apply 7
GROUP – B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 What are the derivative operators useful in image
segmentation? Explain their role in segmentation Understand 5
2 What is thresholding? Explain about global thresholding Remember 5
3 Explain about basic adaptive thresholding process used in
image segmentation Understand 5
4 Explain in detail the threshold selection based on boundary
characteristics Understand 5
5 Explain about region based segmentation Understand 5
6 What are the derivative operators useful in image
segmentation? Explain their role in segmentation Apply 5
7 Explain about the Global processing via the Hough Transform
for edge linking Apply 5
8 Explain about the Global processing via graph-theoretic
techniques for edge linking Understand 5
9 Explain about Region Splitting and Merging with an example Apply 5
10 . Write about the importance of Hit-or-Miss morphological
transformation operation on a digital binary image Understand 7
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 89
11 . Explain the opening operation in image morphology with
examples? Analyze 7
12 . Explain the closing operation in image morphology with
examples? Understand 7
13 . Discuss the main steps involved in Continuous
Wavelet Transform Understand 7
GROUP – C (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 Write short notes on Hit-miss Transformation Understand 7
2 Write short notes on dilation or erosion Understand 7
3 Explain region growing by pixel aggregation for image
segmentation. Analyze 7
UNIT – V
IMAGE COMPRESSION
GROUP - A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 How to calculate the memory required to store an image Understand 5
2 Define image compression Remember 5
3 What is image compression Remember 5
4 Explain Coding Redundancy Understand 5
5 Explain Interpixel Redundancy Understand 5
6 Explain Psycho visual Redundancy Understand 5
7 What are the characteristics of lossy compression Remember 5
8 What are the characteristics of lossless compression Remember 5
GROUP - B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Explain about fidelity criterion Understand 5
2 Explain about image compression models Understand 5
3 Explain a method of generating variable length codes with
an
example
Understand 5
4 Explain arithmetic encoding process with an example Apply 5
5 Explain LZW coding with an example. Apply 5
6 Explain the concept of bit plane coding method Understand 5
7 Explain about lossless predictive coding Understand 5
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 90
8 Explain about lossy predictive coding Understand 5
9 Explain with a block diagram about transform coding
system Understand 5
GROUP – C (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 How to find Huffman coding for the given data Analyz
e
5
Original
source
symbol
a2 a6 a1 a4 a3 a5
Probability 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.06 0.0
4
2 An 8 level image has the gray level distribution as given in
the table. Compute the average pixel length for each code,
compression ratio and Relative redundancy .
Analyze 5
rk
Pr(rk) Code 1 L1 (rk) Code 2 L2 (rk)
r8
7
0.25 101011
1
8 1 2
r1
2
8
0.47 100000
00
8 1 1
r1
8
6
0.25 110001
00
8 0 3
r2
5
5
0.03 111111
11
8 1 3
3 Explain about JPEG compression standard and the steps
involved in JPEG compression Understa
nd
5
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 91
3.1 COURSE OVERVIEW:
The subject microwave engineering may be also referred to as applied electromagnetic. The
importance of microwaves started way back in World War II period and later expanded its ways
out to domestic (microwave oven), military, commercial, satellite and etc. This subject starts with
the definition of microwave frequency range, its applications and its importance in modern era. The
microwave transmission lines like waveguides (rectangular, circular), micro-strips etc. and the
various microwave components like T-junctions, circulator, isolator etc. are discussed in detail to
enable the student to design microwave systems and sub- systems
3.2 PREREQUISITE(S):
Level Credits Periods Prerequisite
UG 4 4
Electromagnetic Theory and Transmission Lines(EMTL), Antennas and
Wave Propagation (AWP)
3.3 MARKS DISTRIBUTION:
University
Total SESSIONAL MARKS (25 MARKS) End Exam
Marks
Marks
There shall be 2 midterm examinations.
Each midterm examination consists of subjective type and Objective type
tests.
Subjective test is for 10 marks, with duration of 1 hour. The objective type test
is for 10 marks with duration of 20 minutes. It consist of 10 Multiple choice
and 10 fill in the blanks. The student has to answer all the questions and each
carries half mark. First midterm examination shall be conducted for the first
unit of syllabus and second midterm examination shall be conducted for the
remaining portion Five marks are earmarked for assignments. Marks shall be
75 100
Course Name : MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
Course Code : A70442
Class : IV B. Tech I Semester
Branch : ECE
Year : 2018 – 2019
Course Faculty : Mr. Ch. Ananda Kumar, Asst. Prof, Dept of ECE,
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 92
awarded considering the average of two midterm examinations in each course
reason whatsoever, will get zero marks(s).
3.4 EVALUATION SCHEME:
COURSE OBJECTIVES AND COURSE OUTCOMES:
AT THE END OF THE COURSE, THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO:
I. Develop the strong foundation on transmission lines for microwaves, cavity resonators and
waveguide components and applications.
II. Meliorate the knowledge of theoretical and technological aspects of microwave tube like
klystron, magnetron, travelling wave tube, etc.,
III. Correlate principles with applications with the microwave solid state devices.
IV. Enrich knowledge on modern microwave test bench for measure different parameters like
attenuation, VSWR, impedance etc.
3.5 COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Understand the significance microwaves and microwave transmission lines.
2. Analyze wave propagation in TE, TM or TEM modes, in structures such as rectangular
waveguides.
3. Compare the passive microwave components and applications such as directional couplers,
power dividers / Combiner and etc., with given characteristics.
4. Analyze and design microwave resonators
S.No Component Duration Marks
1 I Mid Examination 90 Minutes 20
2 I Assignment ---- 05
3 II Mid Examination 90 Minutes 20
4 II Assignment ---- 05
5 External examination 3 Hours 75
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 93
5. Analyze the characteristics of microwave tubes and compare them
6. Understand the characteristics of slow wave structures.
7. Differentiate the performance characteristic of microwave solid state devices.
8. Compare different types of magnetrons and their characteristics.
9. Understand the microwave bench setup for measuring microwave parameters
10. Understand the measurement of Q, attenuation and impedance.
3.6 HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:
Program Outcomes Level Proficiency
assessed by
A An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and
engineering H
Solving IES
Papers,
Assignment
and
Exercise
B An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to
analyze and interpret data H Assignment
C
An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet
desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic,
environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety,
manufacturability and sustainability.
S -------
D An ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering
problems. H Assignment
E An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering
tools necessary for engineering practice. S
Assignment
s, Projects.
F
An ability to understand the special duty they owe to protect the
public’s health, safety and welfare by virtue of their professional
status as engineers in society.
N --
G
An ability to understand and correctly interpret the impact of
engineering solutions in global, societal and environmental
contexts and demonstrate the knowledge of a need for
sustainable development.
N -----
H An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility. S -----
I
An ability to function effectively as an individual, and as a
member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary
settings.
N
J An ability to communicate effectively on complex engineering S Document
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 94
activities with the engineering community and with society at
large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective
reports and design documentation, make effective presentations,
give and receive clear instructions.
Prearation
K
An ability to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering finance and management principles as a member
and leader in a team to manage projects in multi-disciplinary
environments.
S Assignment
L Recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long
analyzing. H Assignment
HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED
M
An ability to design and implement projects in the areas
including Signal Processing, Microwaves, Communication
Systems, IC Technology and Embedded Systems.
H
Lectures
and
assignments
N
An ability to use knowledge in various domains to identify
research gaps and hence to provide solution to new ideas and
innovations.
S Seminars &
Projects
N=None S=Supportive H=Highly Related
3.7 SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I
Microwave Transmission Lines - I: Introduction, Microwave Spectrum and Bands, Applications
of Microwaves. Rectangular Waveguides – Solution of Wave Equations in Rectangular
Coordinates. TE/TM mode analysis, Expressions for Fields. Characteristic Equation and Cut-off
Frequencies, Filter Characteristics, Dominant and Degenerate Modes, Sketches of TE and TM
mode fields in the cross-section, Mode Characteristics – Phase and Group Velocities. Wavelengths
and Impedance Relations, Illustrative Problems.
Rectangular Guides: Power Transmission and Power Losses. Impossibility of TEM Mode, Micro
strip Lines- Introduction, Z0 Relations, Effective Dielectric Constant, Losses. Q factor.
Unit – II
Cavity Resonators: Introduction, Rectangular Cavities, Dominant Modes and Resonant
Frequencies. Q factor and Coupling Coefficients. Illustrative Problems
Waveguide Components And Applications: Coupling Mechanisms – Probe, Loop, Aperture
types. Waveguide Discontinuities - Waveguide Windows, Tuning Screws and Posts. Matched
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 95
Loads. Waveguide Attenuators – Different Types, Resistive Card and Rotary Vane Attenuators:
Waveguide Phase Shifters — Types, Dielectric and Rotary Vane Phase Shifters, Waveguide
Multiport Junctions — E plane and H plane Tees, Magic Tee. Directional Couplers – 2 Hole. Bethe
Hole types, Illustrative Problems.
Ferrites-Composition and Characteristics. Faraday Rotation: Ferrite Components — Gyrator,
Isolator, Circulator.
Unit – III
Microwave Tubes: Limitations and Losses of conventional tubes at microwave frequencies.
Microwave tubes – 0 type and M type classifications, O-type tubes: 2 Cavity Klystrons – Structure,
Reentrant Cavities, Velocity Modulation Process and Applegate Diagram, Bunching Process and
Small Signal Theory – Expressions for o/p Power and Efficiency. Reflex Klystrons — Structure,
Velocity Modulation and Applegate Diagram, Mathematical Theory of Bunching, Power Output,
Efficiency. Oscillating Modes and 0/p Characteristics, Effect of Repeller Voltage on Power O/p,
Illustrative Problems
Helix TWTs: Significance, Types and Characteristics of Slow Wave Structures; Structure of TWT
and Amplification Process (qualitative treatment). Suppression of Oscillations, Gain
Considerations
Unit – IV:
M-TypeTubes: introduction, Cross-field effects, Magnetrons – Different Types, Cylindrical
Traveling Wave Magnetron – Hull Cut-off and Hartree Conditions, Modes of Resonance and Pl-
Mode Operation, Separation of PI-Mode. o/p characteristics, Illustrative Problems.
Microwave Solid State Devices: Introduction. Classification. Applications. TEDs — Introduction,
Gunn Diodes — Principle, RWH Theory, Characteristics, Basic Modes of Operation – Gunn
Oscillation Modes, LSA Mode, Introduction to Avalanche Transit Time Devices.
UNIT-V
Microwave Measurements: Scattering Matrix- Significance, Formulation and Properties, S
Matrix Calculations for – 2 port Junctions, E plane and H plane Tees. Magic Tee. Circulator and
isolator. Illustrative Problems.
Description of Microwave Bench – Different Blocks and their Features, Errors and Precautions;
Microwave Power Measurement – BolorMeters Measurement of Attenuation, Frequency Standing
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 96
Wave Measurements — Measurement of Low and High VSWR, Cavity Q. Impedance
Measurements
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Microwave Devices and Circuits – Samuel Y. Liao, Pearson, 3rd
Edition, 2003 [T1]
2. Microwave Principles – Herbert J. Reich, J. G. Skalnik, P. F .Ordung and H.L. Krauss, CBS
Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 2004.[T2]
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Foundation FOR Microwave Engineering – R. E. Collin, IEEE Press, John Wiley, 2nd
Edition, 2002 [R1]
2. Microwave Circuits and Passive Devices – M.L. Sisodia and G.S. Raghuvanshi, Wiley
Eastern Ltd., New Age International publishers Ltd., 1995.[R2]
3. Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits – Peter A. Rizzi, PHI, 1999.[R3]
4. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F. E Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th
Ed., 1955.[R4]
5. Microwave Engineering – A. Das and S.K. Das, TMH,2nd
Ed., 2009.[R5]
6. Microwave Engineering – G.S. Raghuvanshi and K. Satya Prasad, Cengage Learning,
2012.[R6]
3.8 COURSE PLAN:
At the end of the course, the students are able to achieve the following course learning outcomes:
Lecture
Course Learning Outcomes Topics to be covered Reference
No.
1
MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES
R4 1
Describe the Microwaves : Introduction, Microwave Spectrum and
Bands
2 List out applications of Microwaves Applications of Microwaves R4 1
3-5
Analyze the Rectangular Waveguides –
Rectangular Waveguides – TE/TM mode R4 4.3.5
TE/TM mode analysis analysis
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 97
6-7
Analyze Mathematical Derivations for
Expressions for Fields, Characteristic R4.3.7
various field configurations in
Equation and Cut-off Frequencies
Rectangular Waveguides
8 Identify various types of Modes Filter Characteristics, Dominant and R4 4.3.14
Degenerate Modes
9
Sketches of TE and TM mode fields
in the R4 4.3.5
Analyze Spatial representation of
Modes
cross-section
10-11
Explain Wavelengths and
Impedance
Mode characteristics –Phase and Group R4 4.3.8
velocities & Wavelengths and Impedance
Relations
Relations
12-13
Summarize Power Transmission and
Power Transmission and Power
Losses in R4 4.3.12-
Power Losses in Waveguides Rectangular Guide, Related Problems 13
14
Compare various parameters of Micro Micro strip Lines– Introduction, Zo R4
strip Lines Relations,
15 Explain effective dielectric constant Effective Dielectric Constant R4
16 Define Q factor
Q factor, Cavity Resonators–
Introduction
R4 5.9
17 Classify various cavities Rectangular and Cylindrical Cavities R4 5.2
18 Analyze Mode Characteristics Dominant Modes and Resonant R4 5.3
Frequencies
19 Distinguish Mode Characteristics, Q factor and Coupling Coefficients, R4 5.11
Related Problems.
20 List out various types of coupling Waveguide Components And R4 6.9
Applications : Coupling Mechanisms
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 98
– Probe, Loop, Aperture types
21
Illustrate waveguide discontinuities
Waveguide Discontinuities – Waveguide R4 6.8
irises, Tuning Screws and Posts, Matched
Loads
22 Define Attenuators
Waveguide Attenuators – Resistive Card, R4 6.15
Rotary Vane attenuators
23 Explain about Phase Shifters
Waveguide Phase Shifters – Dielectric, R4 6.14
Rotary Vane types.
24-25
Compare different types of T
Junctions
Waveguide Multiport Junctions – E plane R4 6.3.1
and H plane Tees
26
Explain Directional Coupler
Magic Tee, Hybrid Ring; Directional R4 6.3.3
Couplers – 2 Hole, Bethe Hole types.
Problems.
27-28 Classify Ferrites and their
Ferrites– Composition and Characteristics, R4 6.11
Characteristics Faraday Rotation
29-30
Distinguish Ferrite Components – Ferrite Components – Gyrator,
Isolator
R4 6.11.2
Gyrator, Isolator
31 Define Circulator Circulator. Scattering Matrix– R4 6.11.2 Significance, Formulation and
Properties.
32-33 Formulate T Junction S Matrix S Matrix Calculations for – 2 port R4 6.2.1
derivation Junction, E plane and H plane Tees
34-35 Solve problems based on Ferrites
Magic Tee, Directional Coupler, Circulator R4 6.16
and Isolator, Problems
36
MICROWAVE TUBES: Limitations and R4 8.2
Illustrate about Conventional Tubes Losses of conventional tubes at microwave
frequencies
37 Compare Microwave tubes – O type Microwave tubes – O type and M R4 8.4
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 99
and type
M type classifications classifications
38 Categorize O-type tubes : 2 Cavity O-type tubes : 2 Cavity Klystrons – R4 8.5.1
Klystrons Structure, Reentrant Cavities,
39
Velocity Modulation Process and R4 8.5.1
Apply Velocity Modulation Process
Applegate Diagram
40 Analyze Bunching Process and its Bunching Process and Small Signal R4 8.5.1
Theory – Expressions for o/p Power and
mathematical treatment
Efficiency
41 Examine Reflex Klystron Operation
Reflex Klystrons – Structure, Applegate R4 8.5.4
Diagram and Principle of working
42 Formulate derivation of Klystron
Mathematical Theory of Bunching, Power R4 8.5.4
Parameters Output, Efficiency
43 Classify different oscillating modes
Oscillating modes and o/p characteristics, R4 8.5.4
Effect of repeller voltage on power o/p
44
List out various types of Slow Wave
Significance, Types and Characteristics of R4
Tubes Slow Wave Structures
45 Apply Structure of TWT and Structure of TWT and Amplification R4 8.6
Amplification Process Process (qualitative treatment)
46
Interpret Suppression of Oscillations, Suppression of Oscillations, Gain R4 8.6
Learn about Gain Considerations Considerations
47
Compare M-Type Tubes
M-TYPE TUBES : Introduction, Cross- R4 8.8
field effects, Magnetrons – Different
Types
48
Analyze 8-Cavity Cylindrical
Travelling
8-Cavity Cylindrical Travelling
Wave R4
Magnetron – Hull Cut-off and Hartree
Wave Magnetron and its characteristics
Conditions
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 100
49 Identify different modes in M
Tubes
Modes of Resonance and PI-Mode R4
Operation, Separation of PI-Mode, o/p
characteristics.
50 Solve Related Problems Related Problems R4 8.9
51 Demonstrate Introduction,
MICROWAVE SOLID STATE DEVICES R4 9.4
Classification, Applications : Introduction, Classification, Applications
52 Compare Transferred Electronic TEDs – Introduction, Gunn Diode – R4 9.10
Devices Principle, RWH Theory, Characteristics
53 Examine basic modes of Operation,
Basic Modes of Operation, Oscillation R4 9.10
Oscillation Modes Modes
54 Classify Avalanche Transit Time Avalanche Transit Time Devices – R4 9.11
Devices Introduction
55 Explain IMPATT and TRAPATT
IMPATT and TRAPATT Diodes – R4 9.11.1-3
Diodes – Principle of Operation and
Principle of Operation and Characteristics
Characteristics
56
Summarize Classification,
Applications Classification, Applications
R4 9.11
57-58
MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS: R4 7.2 Compare various types of
microwave Description of Microwave Bench –
measurement techniques and Classify Different Blocks and their Features
various types of Microwave Precautions
Measurement Techniques Microwave Power Measurement – R4 7.5 Bolometer Method
59
Measurement of Attenuation R4 7.6
Illustrate various types of
Microwave
60-61
Frequency standing wave measurements- R4 7.8.1
Measurement Techniques measurement of low VSWR
measurement of high VSWR R4 7.8.2
62 Explain measurement of Q and Measurement of Cavity Q & R4 7.13
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 101
Analyze Impedance
microwave impedance
measurement Measurements R4 7.9
3.9 MAPPING COURSE OBJECTIVES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE PROGRAMME OUTCOMES:
Course
Program Outcomes
Program Specific
Outcomes
Objectives
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9
PO1
0
PO1
1
PO1
2 PSO
1 PSO2
I H S S H
II S H H S
III S S S
IV H H S S
V H H S H
S= Supportive H = Highly Related
3.10 MAPPING COURSE OUTCOME LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE PROGRAMME OUTCOMES:
Course
Program
Outcomes
Program Specific
Outcomes
Outcomes
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1
PSO2
1 H H S S H
2 H S H S H
3 H S H S H S
4 H S H S S H S
5 S H S S H
6 H H S S H
7 H H S H S
8 H S H S
9 S S
10 H S H S
S –Supportive H - Highly Related
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 102
3.11 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS:
S. No
QUESTION
Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Tutorial - I
1
An air-filled rectangular guide operates at 9.375 GHz
with a guide wavelength of 5.0cm. Determine its phase
constant, group velocity
Remember 1
2
A rectangular cavity resonator has dimensions of a = 5
cms, b = 2 cms and d = 10 cms. Compute the resonant
frequency of the dominant mode if the cavity is
i. Air filled and
ii. ii. Dielectric filled with єr = 2.3
Evaluate 1
3 Derive the wave equations for TM mode.
Evaluate 1
4 Find the cut–off frequency of the dominant mode for an air filled rectangular waveguide when a = 6cm and b = 2 cm for TE wave?
Understand 1
5 When the dominant mode is propagated through a waveguide at a frequency of 9GHz, the guide wavelength is found to be 4cms. Find the breadth of the waveguide.
Remember 1
Tutorial - II
1 Derive the wave equations for TM mode.
Evaluate 1
2 A directional coupler is having coupling actor = 10 dB and directivity = 40 dB determine the power coupled in forward and reverse direction when input power is 10W assuming the coupler is lossless
Understand 2
3 A rectangular wave guide with dimension of 3 x 2 cm
operates in the TM11 mode at 10 GHz. Determine the
characteristic wave impedance. Analyze 1
4 A wave length termination having VSWR of 1.1 is used
to dissipate 100 W of power. Find received power Remember 2
5 An attenuator of 20dB is fed with 100w input. Find the
output power of the attenuator. Understand 2
6 For a directional coupler, the incident power is 550mW.
Calculate the power in the main and auxiliary arm. The
coupling factor is 30 dB.
Analyze 2
Tutorial - III
1 Derive the expression for output power & Efficiency of a
2 cavity klystron. Understand 3
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 103
SIGNMENT QUESTIONS:
2 A reflex klystron having an accelerated field of 300v
oscillates at a frequency of 10GHZ with a retarding field
of 500v. If its cavity is returned to 9GHZ. What must be
the new value of retarding field from oscillations in the
same mode to take place?
Analysis 3
3 Formulate the expression for optimum drift space
distance Loptimum in a Two Cavity Klystron Amplifier. Create 3
4 In a two-cavity klystron the parameters are, input power
=10mW, voltage gain = 20dB, Rsh of input cavity
=25KΩ, Rsh of output cavity = 35KΩ, oad resistance = 40
KΩ. Find input voltage, output voltage and power to the
load.
Analysis 3
Tutorial – IV
1 The parameters of a twp- cavity klystron are given by
Vb=900V, f=3.2 GHz, and d=10-3
m. Determine electron
velocity, transit angle, and beam coupling coefficient. Analysis 3
2 Determine the gain parameter C for a TWTA with Beam current 30mA, characteristic impedance 10Ω, and Beam voltage 3KV.
Evaluate 3
3 A Gunn device operates in the transit time mode of 20 GHz. If it is fabricated from gallium arsenide, find length of device. Consider that Vs=10 cm/s
Understand 4
4 Determine the hull cutoff voltage for a given anode voltage of 26kv. Assume radii of cathode and anode cylinders as 5cm and 10cm respectively.
Evaluate 4
5
Tutorial - V
1 Define the method for measuring VSWR<10?
Remember 5
2 The peak power is 1KW. The duty cycle is 10-3
. Find the average Power.
Remember 5
3 Find the Q of a cavity resonator, if its resonating frequency and bandwidth are 9 GHz and 1MHz respectively
Understand 5
4 The input power given to an attenuator is 1000 W. The output power produced by the attenuator is 1W. Calculate the value of the attenuator.
Remember 5
5 In a microwave measurement it is observed that λ0=3 cm and λC=4 cm. Find λG.
Remember 5
S. QUESTION Blooms Course
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 104
No
Taxonomy
Level
Outcome
ASSIGNMENT-I
UNIT-I
MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES-I
1
What are the dominated and degenerate modes?
What is the significance of dominant modes?
Indicate the dominant mode in rectangular wave
guide and calculate fc for the same.
Remember
1
2
A rectangular waveguide has dimensions 2.5 X 5
cms. Determine the guide wavelength, phase
constant and phase velocity at a wavelength of 4.5
cms for dominant mode.
Apply
1
3
What is a Microwave spectrum bands? Explain
briefly the applications of microwaves at various
frequency bands.
Remember
1
4
Rectangular wave guide is filled by dielectric
material of εr= 9 and has dimensions of 7 × 3.5 cm.
It operates in the dominant TE mode.
I. Determine the cut off frequency.
II. Find the phase velocity in the guide at a
frequency of 2 GHz
III. Find the guided wave length at 2GHz.
Understand
1
5 Derive the expression for cutoff frequency of
TEmn mode in rectangular wave guide. Remember 1
6 Derive the wave equations for TE mode.
Evaluate 1
7 Derive the wave equations for TM mode.
Evaluate 1
8 Derive an expression for microwave impedance for
TE waves in rectangular wave guide. Understand 1
9 Derive an expression for microwave impedance for
TM waves in rectangular wave guide. Understand 1
10 Derive the expression for power transmission in
waveguide
Remember 1
UNIT-II
CAVITY RESONATORS &WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS AND APPLICATIONS
1
Derive the expression for Rectangular cavity
resonator.
Evaluate 2
2
Prove that a cavity resonator is nothing but an LC
circuit.
Analyze 2
3
Explain E-H plane Tee junction. Why a hybrid E-H
plane Tee referred to as Magic Tee. Derive the
scattering matrix for E-H plane Tee junction.
Understand 2
4 Explain the applications of Directional Couplers
and obtain scattering matrix. Understand 2
5 Explain about quality factor of a cavity resonator. Understand 2
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 105
6 Explain the principle of working a Magic Tee
junction with neat schematics? Evaluate 2
7 Explain the principle of working of E-H plane Tee
junction with neat schematics? Analyze 2
8 Explain the principle of working of two-hole
Directional coupler with neat schematics? Understand 2
9 Explain Bethe hole Directional coupler and write
applications of directional couplers? Evaluate 2
10
Explain the following characteristics related to
Directional coupler
i)Coupling factor ii)Directivity iii) Isolation
Remember 2
UNIT-III
MICROWAVE TUBES
1 What is Gunn effect? Explain the operation of
Gunn diode. Remember 3
2 Explain is the principle of working for Two –
Cavity Klystron with velocity diagram. Understand 3
3 Derive the expression for output power &
Efficiency of a 2 cavity klystron. Understand 3
4
Explain in detail bunching process & obtain
expression for bunching parameter in a two cavity
klystron amplifier.
Understand 3
5
What are the limitations of conventional tubes
at microwave frequencies? Explain how these
limitations can be overcome.
Understand 3
6
Name different methods of generating microwave
power. Describe the necessary theory & Working
of reflex klystron.
Understand 3
7
Explain in detail bunching process & obtain
expression for bunching parameter in a two cavity
klystron amplifier.
Understand 3
8
Explain the principle of operation of a reflex
Klystron oscillator and derive an expression for the
bunching parameter.
Understand 3
9 Explain the construction & working of two cavity
klystron amplifier. Remember 3
10 Explain the operation of a reflex klystron By means
of applegate diagram? Understand 3
ASSIGNMENT – II
UNIT-IV
M-TYPE TUBES & MICROWAVE SOLID STATE DEVICES
1 Explain the working Magnetron with π mode
oscillation. Understand 4
2 List out the differences in performances and
applications of Klystrons and TWTs. Remember 4
3
What is meant by Avalanche Transit Time
Devices? Explain the operation, construction and
Applications of IMPATT.
Remember 4
4 How is bunching achieved in a cavity magnetron?
Explain the phase focusing effect. Analyze 4
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 106
QUESTION BANK
S.
No QUESTION
Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
UNIT-I
MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES-I
PART-A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS) 1. List the typical applications of microwaves. Remember 1 2. Define the dominant mode of a waveguide? Understand 1 3. What are microwaves? Why they are so called? Understand 1 4. Define waveguide? Mention some of its features? Remember 1 5. What is TE, TM & TEM modes? Understand 1 6. Define dominant mode and degenerate mode? Remember 1 7. Define cutoff frequency of a waveguide. Evaluate 1
8. What is dominant mode of a rectangular waveguide for TE and TM modes and why?
Remember 1
9 Find the cut–off frequency of the dominant mode for an air filled rectangular waveguide when a = 6cm and
Understand 1
5 Explain Gunn effect using the two valley theory. Understand 4
6 Derive the criterion for classifying the modes of
operation for Gunn effect diodes. Analyze 4
7 Explain the physical structure and construction of
IMPATT diodes. Remember 4
8 Write short notes on “LS mode in GUNN diode”. Analysis 4
9 Describe the operation of TRAPATT diode. Remember 4
10 Describe the operation of BARITT diode. Remember 4
UNIT-V
MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS
1
Explain the measurement of attenuation using
power ratio method with neat block diagram?
Understand 5
2 Draw a neat diagram of microwave test bench and
explain about each block along with its features. Understand 5
3 Explain Slotted line method for impedance
measurement. Understand 5
4 Explain the measurement of microwave power
using bolometer method. Remember 5
5 Explain the measurement of phase shift Remember 5
6 Explain the method of measurement of high
VSWR. Understand 5
7 Explain the RF substitution method of
measurement of attenuation. Understand 5
8 Explain the measurement of Q of a cavity
resonator. Understand 5
9 Explain the measurement of frequency using wave
meter method. Understand 5
10 Explain the high power measurements using
calorimetric method Understand 5
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 107
b = 2 cm for TE wave? 10. Name the microwave frequency bands and spectrums.
Understand 1
11. Define phase velocity. Understand 1 12. What is meant by group velocity? Understand 1
13. What is the relation between phase and group velocities in terms
Understand 1
of light velocity?
14. Define guide wavelength. Evaluate 1 15. Summarize the advantages of microwaves. Understand 1
16. What are the advantages of dominant mode propagation?
Evaluate 1
17. What are the advantages and disadvantages of micro strip lines?
Analyze 1
18. Explain briefly about impossibility of TEM Modes.
Understand 1
PART-B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1. Derive the TMmn mode field equation in rectangular
waveguide. Remember 1
2.
What are the dominated and degenerate modes? What is the significance of dominant modes? Indicate the dominant mode in rectangular wave guide and calculate fc for the same.
Remember 1
3.
A rectangular waveguide has dimensions 2.5 X 5 cms. Determine the guide wavelength, phase constant and phase velocity at a Wavelength of 4.5 cms for dominant mode.
Apply 1
4. What is a Microwave spectrum bands? Explain briefly the Applications of microwaves at various frequency bands.
Remember 1
5. Explain the TE and TM modes of propagation in waveguides. Why TEM wave does not exist in a rectangular wave guide
Understand 1
6. Explain the wave impedance of a rectangular waveguide and derive the expression for the wave impedance of TE and TM modes.
Understand 1
7. A rectangular wave guide with dimension of 3 x 2 cm operates in the TM11 mode at 10 GHz. Determine the characteristic wave impedance.
Analyze 1
8.
A Rectangular wave guide is filled by dielectric material of εr= 9 and has dimensions of 7 × 3.5 cm. It operates in the dominant TE mode. I. Determine the cut off frequency II. II. Find the phase velocity in the guide at a frequency of 2 GHz III. III. Find the guided wave length at 2GHz.
Understand 1
9. Derive the expression for cutoff frequency of TEmn mode in rectangular wave guide.
Remember 1
10. Derive an expression for microwave impedance for TE waves in rectangular wave guide.
Understand 1
11. Derive an expression for microwave impedance for TM waves in rectangular wave guide
Understand 1
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 108
12. Derive the expression for power transmission in
waveguide Remember 1
PART-C (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1. Can a waveguide have more than one cut-off
frequency? On what factors does the cut-off frequency
of a wave guide depend?
Understand 1
2. When the dominant mode is propagated through a waveguide at a frequency of 9GHz, the guide wavelength is found to be 4cms. Find the breadth of the waveguide.
Remember 1
UNIT-II CAVITY RESONATORS &WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS AND APPLICATIONS
PART-A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1. Define the attenuation constant. Remember 2
2. What is meant by cavity resonator? Understand 2 3. Define resonant frequency and give its expression. Understand 2
4. Derive the resonant frequency for TE101 mode. Understand 2
5. What are the applications of cavity resonator? Evaluate 2 6. Define quality factor of a cavity resonator Evaluate 2 7. Explain the waveguide discontinuities? Remember 2
8. Describe the characteristic features of resonant windows?
Understand 2
9. Mention the applications of Hybrid Tee junction? Remember 2 10. Mention the applications of resonant Iris? Understand 2
11. Mention the applications of capacitive and Inductive Iris?
Evaluate 2
12. What is directional coupler? Understand 2
13. Describe the principle of working of a wave guide attenuator, with neat schematics?
Understand 2
14. List out the different types of waveguide Irises? Understand 2 15. Give the properties of S-matrix. Evaluate 2 16. What is Isolator? Analyze 2 17. What is Gyrator? Analyze 2
PART-B(LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Derive the cut-off frequency expression for Rectangular cavity resonator.
Evaluate 2
2 Prove that a cavity resonator is nothing but an LC
circuit. Analyze 2
3 Explain E-H plane Tee junction. Why a hybrid E-H plane Tee referred to as Magic Tee. Derive the scattering matrix for E-H plane Tee junction.
Understand 2
4 Explain the applications of Directional Couplers and obtain scattering matrix.
Understand 2
5 What is the application of Circulator? Derive the S
matrix for Circulator with neat diagram?
Remember 2
6 Explain about quality factor of a cavity resonator. Understand 2
7 Explain the principle of working an H-plane Tee junction with neat schematics.
Understand 2
8.
Explain the principle of working an E-plane Tee junction with neat schematics?
Analyze 2
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 109
9. Explain the principle of working a Magic Tee junction with neat schematics?
Evaluate 2
10. Explain the principle of working of two-hole Directional coupler with neat schematics?
Understand 2
11. Explain Bethe hole Directional coupler and write applications of directional couplers?
Evaluate 2
12. Explain the following characteristics related to Directional coupler i)Coupling factor ii)Directivity iii) Isolation
Remember 2
PART-C (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1. Prove that it is impossible to construct a perfectly matched, loss less, reciprocal three port junction.
Remember 2
2.
A wave length termination having VSWR of 1.1 is
used to dissipate 100 W of power. Find received power Remember 2
3.
An attenuator of 20dB is fed with 100w input. Find the
output power of the attenuator. Understand 2
UNIT-III
MICROWAVE TUBES
PART-A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1. State the limitations of conventional tubes at
microwave frequencies Remember 3
2. What is the principle of two cavity Klystron amplifier? Remember 3
3. What are the applications of reflex klystron? Understand 3
4. State the characteristics of the two-cavity klystron amplifier.
Remember 3
5. Compare TWT& Klystron amplifier. Analyze 3
6. Draw the schematic diagram of helix travelling wave tube?
Understand 3
7. What is meant by reflex klystron? Remember 3
8. What are the performance characteristics of klystron amplifier?
Remember 3
9. Differentiate between klystrons and TWT. Analyze 3
10. State the applications of the two-cavity klystron amplifier.
Remember 3
11. Why multi-cavity klystrons are preferred? Remember 3
12. How are oscillations avoided in travelling wave tube? Remember 3
13
Discuss in detail about lead inductance and inter
electrode capacitance effects of conventional tubes at
microwave frequencies.
Understand 3
14.
Differentiate between O – type tubes and M – type tubes.
Analysis 3
15.
What is the condition for obtaining the power output in reflex klystron?
Apply 3
16. What is transit time? Analyze 3
17. What is the operating principle of reflex klystron? Remember 3
18. What is velocity and current modulation in a reflex klystron?
Remember 3
19 How does bunching occur in a reflex klystron? Remember 3
20 Explain clearly the classification of microwave sources.
Understand 3
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 110
21 What is the operating frequency, power output and efficiency of a reflex klystron?
Remember 3
22 What are the devices used as a microwave signal sources?
Remember 3
23 Write the classification of microwave tubes. Apply 3
24 What is TWTA? Remember 3
25 What is the need of slow – wave structures? Remember 3
26 What are the assumptions for calculation of RF Power in Reflex Klystron?
Remember 3
27 What is the effect of transit time? Remember 3
28 List the applications of TWT. Remember 3
29 What do you mean by O-type tubes? Name some O-type tubes.
Understand 3
30 List the parameters on which bunching depend on? Remember 3
31. Compare between two cavity klystron and reflex klystron?
Analyze 3
32 State the advantages of TWT. Remember 3
33 State the effects of frequency rise in conventional tubes.
Remember 3
34 Explain briefly about linear beam tubes and crossed field tubes
Understand 3
35 Sketch the functional diagram of two-cavity amplifier. Apply 3
36 Compare “Drift space bunching” and “Reflector bunching”.
Analyze 3
37 Compare magnetron and reflex klystron. Analyze 3
38 List the drawbacks of klystron amplifiers. Remember 3
39 What is the condition for oscillation in Reflex klystron?
Understand 3
40 List different types of magnetrons? Remember 3
41. What are the performance characteristics of TWT? Understand 3
42. What are the desirable properties of slow wave structures to be used in TWT amplifiers?
Understand 3
43. What do you mean by M-type tubes? Name some M-type tubes.
Understand 3
44. Draw the schematic diagram of two cavity klystron amplifier?
Understand 3
45. What is the need of slow wave structures in TWT? Understand 3 46. Write the basic modes of operation in magnetron? Understand 3 47. What is klystron tube? Remember 3 48. What is reflex klystron oscillator? Remember 3
PART-B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 What is Gunn effect? Explain the operation of Gunn
diode Remember 3
2 Explain is the principle of working for Two – Cavity
Klystron with velocity diagram. Understand 3
3 Derive the expression for output power & Efficiency
of a 2 cavity klystron. Understand 3
4
Explain in detail bunching process & obtain expression
for Bunching parameter in a two cavity klystron
amplifier.
Understand 3
5 What are the limitations of conventional tubes at Understand 3
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 111
microwave frequencies? Explain how these limitations
can be overcome.
6
A reflex klystron having an accelerated field of 300v
oscillates at a frequency of 10GHZ with a retarding
field of 500v. If its cavity is returned to 9GHZ. What
must be the new value of retarding field from
oscillations in the same mode to take place?
Analysis 3
7
Name different methods of generating microwave
power. Describe the necessary theory & Working of
reflex klystron.
Understand 3
8
Explain in detail bunching process & obtain expression
for bunching parameter in a two cavity klystron
amplifier.
Understand 3
9
Explain the principle of operation of a reflex Klystron
oscillator and derive an expression for the bunching
parameter.
Understand 3
10 Explain the construction & working of two cavity
klystron amplifier. Remember 3
PART-C (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 Formulate the expression for optimum drift space
distance Loptimum in a Two Cavity Klystron Amplifier. Create 3
2
A reflex klystron operates at 8 GHz with dc beam
voltage 300 V, Repeller space=1mm for 1 mode.
Calculate PRFmax Remember 3
3 Determine the gain parameter C for a TWTA with Beam current 30mA, characteristic impedance 10Ω, and Beam voltage 3KV. Evaluate 3
UNIT-IV
M-TYPE TUBES & MICROWAVE SOLID STATE DEVICES
PART-A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 What is transferred electron effect? Remember 4
2 What is negative resistance in Gunn diode? Remember 4
3 What are the applications of Microwave Solid-State Devices?
Understand 4
4 What are the elements that exhibit Gunn Effect? Remember 4
5 Mention the applications of Gunn diode amplifier. Remember 4
6 Why magnetron is called as cross field devices? Understand 4
7 What are the types of magnetrons? Remember 4
8 Write short notes on negative resistance magnetron. Understand 4
9 State the power output and efficiency of magnetron. Understand 4
10 Write the applications of magnetron. Understand 4
11 What is GUNN effect? Understand 4
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 112
12 Explain transferred electron effect. Understand 4
13 What is the principle of TRAPATT diode? Remember 4
14 What is the principle of IMPATT diode? Remember 4
15 What is the principle of BARITT diode? Remember 4
PART-B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Explain the working Magnetron with π mode oscillation.
Understand 4
2 What is meant by Avalanche Transit Time Devices? Explain the operation, construction and Applications of IMPATT.
Remember 4
3 Explain avalanche transit time devices Understand 4
4 Write short notes on “8 cavity magnetron” Remember 4
5 Explain Gunn effect using the two valley theory. Understand 4
6 Derive the criterion for classifying the modes of operation for Gunn effect diodes.
Analyze 4
7 Describe the operation of IMPATT diode. Remember 4
8 Explain the physical structure and construction of IMPATT diodes.
Remember 4
9 Write short notes on “LSA mode in GUNN diode”. Analysis 4
10 Derive the criterion for classifying the modes of operation for Gunn effect diodes.
Understand 4
11 Describe the operation of TRAPATT diode. Remember 4
12 Describe the operation of BARITT diode. Remember 4
PART-C (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 A Gunn device operates in the transit time mode of 20 GHz. If it is fabricated from gallium arsenide, find length of device. Consider that Vs=10 cm/s
Understand 4
2 Determine the hull cutoff voltage for a given anode voltage of 26kv. Assume radii of cathode and anode cylinders as 5cm and 10cm respectively.
Evaluate 4
UNIT-V MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS
PART-A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Define the method for measuring VSWR<10? Remember 5
2 What is the principle of microwave frequency measurement?
Remember 5
3 State various methods for measuring attenuation? Understand 5
4 Write the S-matrix for Isolator and Gyrator? Analyze 5
5 Write the S-matrix for E-Plane and H-Plane tee Analyze 5
6 Write the s-matrix for directional coupler. Understand 5
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 113
7 Define Voltage standing wave ratio. Remember 5
8 Define Reflection coefficient. Remember 5
9 List the methods used for measuring the low and high VSWR?
Remember 5
10 Write a short notes on power ratio method. Understand 5
11 Write short notes on RF substitution method. Understand 5
12 Write short notes on measurement of phase shift. Understand 5
13 List the devices used in microwave bench setup. Remember 5
PART-B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Explain the measurement of attenuation using power ratio method with neat block diagram?
Understand 5
2 Explain Slotted line method for impedance measurement.
Understand 5
3 Draw a neat diagram of microwave test bench and explain about each block along with its features.
Understand 5
4 Explain the measurement of microwave power using bolometer method.
Remember 5
5 Explain the measurement of phase shift. Remember 5
6 Explain the method of measurement of high VSWR. Understand 5
7 Explain the RF substitution method of measurement of attenuation
Understand 5
8 Explain the measurement of Q of a cavity resonator. Understand 5
9 Explain the frequency measurement techniques. Understand 5
10 What are the different techniques employed in measuring impedance? Explain any one method.
Remember 5
11 Explain the measurement of frequency using wave meter method
Understand 5
12 Explain the high power measurements using calorimetric method.
Understand 5
PART-C (ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 In a microwave measurement it is observed that λ0=3 cm and λC=4 cm. Find λG.
Remember 5
2 The peak power is 1KW. The duty cycle is 10
-3. Find
the average Power. Remember 5
3 Convert -30 dBm and 0 dBW into absolute power. Understand 5
4 The reflection coefficient of a given microwave component is 0.5 Find its VSWR.
Remember 5
5 Find the Q of a cavity resonator, if its resonating frequency and bandwidth are 9 GHz and 1MHz respectively
Understand 5
6 The input power given to an attenuator is 1000 W. The output power produced by the attenuator is 1W. Calculate the value of the attenuator.
Remember 5
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 114
3.12 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT-I
1. The range of microwave frequencies is given by
a. 1 GHZ to 300 GHZ b.1 MHZ to 300 MHz
c. 1 KHz to 300 Khz d. None
2. When the operating frequencies are equal to cut – off frequency constant ‘γ’ will be
a. γ = 0 b. γ = infinity c. γ= 1 d. γ = 1.5
3. The velocity of light C interms of permiablity µ0, €0 in space is given by
a. C = √ µ0/ €0 b. C = √ €0/ µ0 c. C = √ €0/*µ0 d. None
4. At lower frequencies the propagation constant ‘γ’ is
a. Real and positive b. Real and negativee
c. Imaginary and positive d. Imaginary and negative
5. The nature of propagation constant ‘γ’ at higher frequency is
a. Real b. Imaginary c. Zero d. None
6. For a dominant mode the value of cut – off wave length is
a. Zero b. Minimum c. Maximum d. None
7. which of the following is the dominant mode TMin wave guide
a. TM12 b. TM21 c. TM11 d. TM22
8. What is the value of cut – off wave length for the dominant waves
a. λ c11 = 2ab/√(a2
-b2) b. λ c11 = 2ab/√(a
2+b
2)
c. λ c11 = √(a2-b
2)/ 2ab d. none
9. The rate at which the wave changes its phase is called
a. Phase velocity b. Group velocity
c. Particle velaocity d. None
10. The constant β interms of guide wave length λg is
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 115
a. β = 2π/ λg b. β = λg/2π c. β = 2π/ λg2 d. β = λg2/2π
11. The phase velocity Vp is given by which of the following
a. Vp = β/ω b. Vp = ω/ β c. Vp = β/ω2 d. None
12. Which of the following gives the cut – off frequency fc
a. fc =C/2 * √ (A/M)2 + (B/N)2
b. fc =C/2 * √ (A/M)2 - (B/N)2
c. fc =C/2 * √ (A/M)2* (B/N)
2 d. None
13. The symmetrical strip lines are also called as
a) Triplates b) diplates c) micro d) none
14. The characteristic impedance of micro strip lines is parameters
a) Width (w) b) Thickness (t)
c) Distance between the line and ground plane (n) d) none
15. What are the losses present in micro strip lines?
a) Attenuation losses b) radiation losses
c) both a and b d) none
16. On, which of the following, does radiation losses of a
a) Frequency b) substrate thickness c) dielectric constant d) both b & c
17. The Unsymmetrical strip lines are also called as
a) Triplates b) diplates c) micro d) none
18. The micro strip lines have losses due to openness of the
a) lower radiation losses b) higher radiation losses
c) Lower attenuation losses d) higher attenuation losses
19. The empirical relation for effective dielectric constant
a) €re = 0.475 €r -0.67 b) €re = 0.475 €r +0.67
c) €re = 0.67€r - 0.475 d) 0.67€r + 0.475
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 116
20. The quality factor Q of a micro strip lines is in terms of θ
a) Q=1/ tanθ b) Q= tanθ c) Q= sinθ d) none
21. The resonator works on the principle of resonance
a) Rectangular cavity resonator b) circular c) both a& b d) none
22. A microstrip line of alumina substrate with er = 9 has a zero thickness strip of width. w
= 3mmSubstrate thickness h = 0.5mm. Assuming TEM wave propagation and negligible
fringing field, the characteristic impedance of the line will be approximately :
a) 10 ohm b) 21 ohm c) 26 ohm d) 50 ohm
UNIT-II
1. For transferring energy efficiently between the wave guide used
a. Coupling probes b. Coupling loops c. Both A & B d. None
2. For obtaining TE 10 mode the coupling probe is placed shorted end opf wave guide
a. λg b. λg/4 c. λg/2 d. λg/8
3. The coupling probe is placed at the center of the broad elctric field
a. Maximum b. Minimum c. Zero d. None
4. wave guide irisis are also called as
a. windows b. appertures c. both A and B d. none
5. which of the following are the types of irisis possible
a. inductive irisis b. resistive irisis c. capacitive irisis d. both A and C
6. The inductive is placed in a posistion where the magnetic field is relatively
a. Stong, weak b. Weak, strong c. Stong, strong d. Weak ,weak
7. The capacitive irisis is placed in a position where the elctric field is
a. Strong b. Weak c. Zero d. None
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 117
8. When tuning post is placed up to less than λg/4
a. Capcitively b. Inductively c. Resistively d. None
9. When tuning post is insreted to a depth of λg/4 in a wave guide
a. Parallel resonance circuit b. Series resonance circuit c. A & B d. None
10. when the tuning post is placed at a depth greater than λg/4 it acts as
a. Resistively b. Inductively c. Resistively d. None
11. An adjustble post is called as
a. Screw b. Slug c. Both A and B d. None
12. For which of the following purpose attenuators are used
a. Measuring power gain or loss in dB b. To provide isolation
c. To reduce power input to a particular stage to prevent over d. All the above
13. which of the following are the types of attenuators
a. Fixed type b. Variable type c. Both A & B d. None
14. Which of the following attenuators provides fixed amount of
a. Fixed type b. Variable type c. Both A & B d. None
15. which of the following are the types of variable attenuators
a. Flap type b. Vane type c. Rotary type d. None
16. The fixed amounts of phase shifts can be obtained by
a. Using resistive irisis or inductive irisis
b. Reducing wider dimension of rectangular wave guide
c. Inserting di- electric rods across the diameters of a circular d. All the above
17. W hich of the following are the types of phase shifters are present
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 118
a. Di electric vane b. Rotary phase
c. Ferrite phase d. All
18. The rectangular slot along the width of a main wave guide is cut for
a. E plane Tee junction b. H plane Tee junction
c. Magic Tee junction d. None
19. T he rectangular slot is cut along the broader dimension of long wave
a. E plane Tee junction b. H plane Tee junction
c. Magic Tee junction d. None
UNIT-III
1. For small size, high frequency coils, the most common core material is
a. Air b. Ferrite c. Powdered iron d. Steel
2. The Q of a radio coil
a. Is independent of frequency b. Increases monotonically as frequency increases
c. Decreases monotonically as frequency increases
d. Increases up to a certain frequency and then decreases beyond that frequency
3. High frequency inductors and capacitors are commonly plated with silver. The main
purpose of this isto
a. Reduce their dc resistance b. Reduce their ac resistance
c. Increase their dc resistance d. Increase their ac resistance
4. The maximum power that handled by ferrite component is limited by
a. saturation magnetization b. line width
c. curie temperature d. gyro magnetic resonance
5. The unitary property of s helps to check
a. power balance of lossless structure b. frequency of lossless structure
c. impedance of lossy structure d. power balance of lossy structure
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 119
6. Two port device which is used to separate generator and load
a. Directional coupler b. Magic tee c. Rat race ring d.isolator
7. Under perfect matched condition the diagonal elements of s matrix are
a. unity b. zero c. finite d.infinite
8.The gyrator gives a phase shift of
a. 180 b. 30 c. 60 d. 90
9. Ferrite material losses its magnetic properties at temperature called as
a.500
c b. 250
c c. curie temperature d.cut in temperature
10. There is a mismatch at any two ports of E plane tee,the vswr at the mismatch port is
angle in degrees from an electro magnetic wave passing from quartz into air is
a.1 b.3 c.0
11. The ferrite slab is placed in a isolator in such a way that while transmission it encounters a
polarization of
a. negative elliptical b. negative circular c. positive circular d. positive elliptical
12. Indicate false statement, mangenese ferrites may be used as
A a. isolator b. circulator c. phase shifter d.
garnet
13.One of the following is ferrite
a.MnFe2o3 b.MnFe2O2 c. ZnFe2O d. ZnFe2O3
14. The TWT ……. than multicavity klystron :
a. has a greater bandwidth b. is more efficient
c. has a higher number of modes d. produces a higher output power
15. Strapping is used in magnetron to :
a. prevent mode jumping b. ensure bunching
c. improve the phase focussing effect d. prevent cathode back heating
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 120
16 Helix is used in a travelling wave tube to :
a. ensure broadband operation b. reduce the noise figure
c. reduce the axial velocity of the RF field d None
17. In the TWT the attenuator is used to :
a. prevent saturation b. increase gain
c. prevent oscillation d. help bunching
18. Electronically adjustable oscillating frequency over wide range is possible in :
a. coaxial magnetron b . dither – tuned magnetron c. VTM d. None
19. In a TWT glass tube aquadag is used to :
a. help focusing b. provide attenuation c. improve bunching d. increase gain
20. Which is not a TWT slow wave structure :
a. coupled cavity b. helixc. c.ring bars d. periodic permanent magnet
21. In a TWT, the phase velocity of the axial component of the RF field on the slow wave
structure is kept :
a. equal to the velocity of the electrons
b. slightly less than the velocity of electrons
c. slightly more than the velocity of electrons
d. equal to the velocity of light in free space
22. To overcome difficulties with strapping high frequencies the type of cavity structure
desired for magnetron is :
a. hole and slot b. slot c. rising sun d. vane
23.TWT is at times preferred to magnetron for used in RADAR transmitter because it :
a. is more efficient amplifier b. has broader band
c. is less noisy d. is capable of larger duty cycle
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 121
24.Backward wave oscillator is based on :
a. cross field amplifier b. coaxial magnetron
c. travelling wave tube d. rising sun magnetron
25. The TWT is used as low noise RF amplifier in
a. Broad band b. Narrow band c. A and B d. None
26. The TWT come under which of the following type
a. ‘O’ Type b. ‘M’ type c. ‘N’ type d. None
27. The TWT’s make use of which of the following
a. Slow wave structures b. Non re entrance cavities
c. Both A & B d. Reluctant cavities
28. The slow wave structures are used to the velacity tube
a. Reduce b. Increase c. Twice d. none
29. Which of the following diagram is used for helix structure
a. W-β diagram b. Brillieuin diagram c. A & B d. Reike diagram
UNIT-IV
1. The equation of the convention current ‘I‘
a. Circuit b. Electronic equation c. Current equation d. None
2. the equation of the axtl electric field ‘E’ is called as
a. Circuit equation b. Electronic equation
c. Current equation d. Volatge equation
3. The amplitude of forward wave corresponding to
a. Remains constant b. Grows exponentially c. Decays exponentially d. Varies linearly
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 122
4. The output power gain Ap is given as
a. Ap = -9.54-47.3NC dB b. Ap = +9.54-47.3NC
dB c. Ap = -9.54+47.3NC dB d. Ap = +9.54+47.3NC
dB
5. The range of input power foer which the out put power is called as
a. Over driving capability b. Cut off Range c. Active region d. None
6. Which of the following type of Magnetron makes between two anode segments
a. Cyclotron frequency b. Travelling Wave c. Split Anode d. None
7. The split anode magnetron is useful only at frequency
a. Less than 500 MHz b. Greater Than 500
MHz c . Equals to 500 MHz d. UHF Range
8. In which of the following Magnetrons the travelling electromagnetic field
a. Cyclotron frequency Magnetron b. Travelling Wave Magnetron
c. Split Anode Magnetron d. Negative resistance type
9. which of the following Magnetron gives high frequency
a. Cyclotron frequency Magnetron b. Travelling Wave Magnetron
c. Split Anode Magnetron d. Negative resistance type
10. The phase velocity along the wall of helix in f given as, ---- for very small pitch angle
a. Vp = 102
/β b. Vp = β/10 c. Vp = ω/β d. Vp = ω/β2
11. In cross field tubes the di- electric field and magnetic field are
a. Parallel b. Perpendicular c. A & B d. None
12. Whioch of the following characteristics of helix have broad band operation
a. Constant for range of frequency b. Changed linearly
c. A & B d. None
13. The split anode magnetron is useful only at frequency
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 123
a. Less than 500 MHz b. Greater Than 500 MHz
c. Equals to 500 MHz d. UHF Range
14. An amplifier uses step recovery diode for low level noise performance in the :
a) S- band b) C – band c) X – band d) L – band
15. Negative resistance region is not found in :
a) Tunnel diode b) Gunn diode c) Impatt diode d) Backward diode
16. Diode which is used for microwave power switching, limiting and modulation is :
a) crystal diode b) schottky barrier diode c) backward diode d) PIN diode
17. For very low power oscillators, the diode suited is :
a) Gunn b) Avalanche c) Tunnel d) IMPATT
18. Material in which transferred electron bulk effect is observed is:
a) Germanium b) Silicon c) Gallium Arsenide d) Metal semiconductor junctions
19. A step recovery diode is best suited for :
a) low order frequency multiplication b)high order frequency multiplication
c) frequency addition d) None
20. Diode which uses a high doping level to provide a narrow junction :
a) Gunn diode b) Tunnel diode c) IMPATT diode d) None
21. Diode in which negative resistance occurs due to the transfer of electrons to a less
mobile energy level is :
a) Gunn diode b) Tunnel diode c) IMPATT d) None
22. Gunn diodes are made of gallium arsenide because it :
a) has a suitable empty energy band b) has a lower noise
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 124
c) has a higher ion mobility d) is capable of handling power densities
23. Snap off varactor is another name of :
a) PIN diode b) Step recovery diode c) Avalanche diode d) Schottky barrier diode
24. One of the following is called hot electron diode :
a) Schottky barrier diode b) Varactor diode c) PIN diode d) None
25. The noise performance of parametric amplifier is improved by:
a) cooling b) using low value of resistance c) heating d) None
26.Cooling is done in a ruby maser amplifier :
a) as it generates a lot of heat b) to increase bandwidth
c) it cannot work at room temperature d) to improve noise performance
27. Advantage of BJT over FET at high frequencies is that :
a) BJT are less noisy b) BJT lend themselves more readily to integration
c) BJT are capable of high gains d) None
28. The diode which has high efficiency than IMPATT is :
a) TRAPATT diode b) Tunnel diode c) Gunn diode d) None
29. Highest pulsed power output is obtained by :
a) Varactor b) Gunn c) RIMPATT d) Schottky barrier
* For Operating At The Highest Frequencies A Microwave Transistor
Does Not Required
a) high collector voltage b) high collector current c) thin base d) large emitter area
30. What is the common characteristics of all the active devises
a. Sportive resistance b. Negative resistance c. Zero resistance d. None
31. In a positive resistance device the current through the resistance are
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 125
a. In phase b. Out of phase by 180 c. Out of pahse by 90 d. Out of phase by 45
32. In a negative resistance device the current and voltage are
a.Out of pahse by 90 b. Out of phase by 180 c. Out of phase by 45 d. In phase
33. The positive resistance power where as negative resistances _ power
a. Absorb, absorb b. Genarate, generate c. Genarate, absorb d. Absorb, generate
34. Which of the following comes under solid state microwave
a. Microwave FETs b. Traffered Electron devices
c. Avalanche tranmit time device d. All the above
35. Which of the following is not a transferred electron device
a. L S A Device b.Gunn Diode c.Read Diode d.Inp Diode
36. Which of the following come under transferred electron device
a. L S A Device b. Gunn Diode c. Cadmium telluride diode d. All the above
37. Whioch of the following is not an avalanche transit time device
a. L S A Device b. Gunn Diode c. Cadmium telluride diode d. None
38. Which of the following come under avalanche transit time device
a. Read Diode b. IMPATT diode c. BARRTTDiode d. All the above
39. Which of the following are the advantages of transferred electron device
a. Low power supply b. Low noise c. High gain d. All the above
40. Which of the following are the advantages offered by IMPATT diode
a. Less reliable b. Low cost c. Low CW power out put d. All the above
41. Which of the following are the advantages of BARRTT diode
a. Low Cost b. Low noise c. Low power supply d. All the above
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 126
42. The Electrons in the lower value of cvonduction band show
a. LOW EFFECTIVE Mass b. High mobilty c. Both A & B d. None
43. The electrons in upper value of conduction band show
a. high effective noise b. Low mobility c. Both A & B d. None
44. How does the speciman length effect theperiod of oscillation
a. Inversly b. Density c. Exponentially d. None
45. Beyaond the threshold value of elctric field, drift velocity
a. Increased b. Decreased c. Constant d. None
46. Which of the following are modes of negative different
a. Voltage controlled mode b. Current controlled mode c. A & B d. None
47. How does domain length effect the doping
a. Inversely b. Directly c. Does not effect d. None
48. The currecnt density j proportional to
a. Current “I” b. Resistance’R’ c. Volatge ‘V’ d. None
49. In a positive differential resistance region the current density field -------
a. Increases, Increases b. Increases, decreases
c. decreases, Increases d. decreases, decreases
UNIT-V
1. At low frequency the circuits make use of what type
a. Lumped b. Distributed c. Placed in parallel d. None
2. wich of the following are types of cavity meters
a. Absorbtion type b. Transmission type c. A & B d. None
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 127
3. Which of the following are the precaution to be taken for wave bench
a. Coupling eeror s must be avoided
b. Errors due to frequency instabilty must be avoided
c. Cooling fans must be placed properly d. All the above
4. Which of the following technique is used for measure
a. calorimatric technique b. bolometer technique
c. Calorie matric watt meter d. Both A & C
5. Which of the following devices come under bolometer
a. Barretters b. Thermistors c. A&B d. None
6. Barretters have ----- temperature co – efficient
a. Positive, Positive b. Positive, negative
c. negative , Positive d. Negative, ,negative
7. Bolo meter produces a current which is proportional to
a. Power b. Power2
c. Voltage d. Inverse of voltage
8. The measurement of attenuation can be done by using methods
a. Power ratio metho b. RF substitution method c. A & B d. None
9. The main drawback of power ratio method of attenuation what characteistics of power measurred
a. Non linear b. Linear c. Constant d. None
10. In RF substitution method calibration precision attenuation amount of
a. Amplification b. Attenuation c. Loss d. None
11. The measurement of frequency is done using which of the following
a. electronic technics b. mechanical techniques c. A & B d. None
12. Which of the following cavities are used for measuring meter technique
a. Transmissive cavities b. Absobtion cavities c. A & B d. None
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 128
13. The absorption cavities ........ the signal frequency
a. Allows passing b. Attenuates c. Amplifies d. None
14. The transmission cavities the signal frequency
a. Allows passing b. Attenuates c. Amplifies d. None
15. The wave meter technique is useful for measuring the frequency
a. 4 GHz to 8 GHz b. 12.5 GHZ – 16.5 Ghz
c. 4 GHz to 16.5 GHz d. 8 GHz to 12.5 GHz
16. Which of the following method sare used for measurement
a. Using slotted line b. Using reflectrometer
c. Using Magic TEE d. All the above
17. The bolometer technique is used for measurement of range
a. 0.1mW to 10mW b. 0.01 mW to 0.1 mW c. 0.01 mW to 10 mW d. None
18. The in accuracy in bolometer method is due to
a. Bolometer b. Linear c. Constant d. None
19. For full scale deflection of 10 m volts the VSWR corresponds to 5
mVolts is a. 1 b. 2 c.3 d.4
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 129
4.1 OVERVIEW COURSE:
This course ,Computer Networks fully discussed about network connections. It is a
digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources. In computer
networks, computing devices exchange data with each other using connections (data-links) between
nodes. These data links are established over cable media such as wires or optic cables, or wireless
media such as WiFi. It supports an enormous number of applications and services such as access
to the World Wide Web(WWW), Digital Video & Audio, shared use of Applications
4.2 PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
1
COMPUTER
ORGANIZATION &
OPERATING
SYSTEMS
Knowledge of communicating
with I/O devices and Operating
system
III-I
2 COMPUTER
NETWORKS
Knowledge of various layers of
OSI models and network
protocols.
IV-I
3
WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION
NETWORKS
Knowledge of theoretical and
practical wireless media IV-II
PROGRAMME: B.Tech ECE
AC:YEAR: 2018-2019
DEGREE: B.TECH IV YEAR
COURSE: COMPUTER NETWORKS SEMESTER: I CREDITS: 4
COURSE COORDINATOR: Ms. S.
SUMAN
COURSE CODE: A70515
REGULATION:R15
COURSE TYPE: REGULAR
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: ECE CONTACT HOURS: 4 hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE :
A70499
LAB COURSE NAME:MICROWAVE
ENGINEERING AND DIGITAL
COMMUNICATIONS LAB
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 130
4.3 MARKS DISTRIBUTION:
Session Marks University End
Exam Marks
Total
Marks
Mid Semester Test
There shall be two midterm examinations.
Each midterm examination consists of subjective type and
objective type tests.
The subjective test is for 10 marks of 60 minutes duration.
Subjective test of shall contain 4 questions; the student has to
answer 2 questions, each carrying 5 marks.
The objective type test is for 10 marks of 20 minutes
duration. It consists of 10 multiple choice and 10 objective
type questions, the student has to answer all the questions and
each carries half mark.
First midterm examination shall be conducted for the first two
and half units of syllabus and second midterm examination
shall be conducted for the remaining portion.
Assignment
Five marks are earmarked for assignments.
There shall be two assignments in every theory course. Marks
shall be awarded considering the average of two assignments
in each course.
75 100
4.4 EVALUATION SCHEME:
S. No Component Duration Marks
1 I Mid Examination 80minutes 20
2 I Assignment - 5
3 II Mid Examination 80minutes 20
4 II Assignment - 5
5 External Examination 3 hours 75
4.5 COURSE OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES:
Course Objectives Course Outcomes Blooms
Level
To introduce the
fundamental various types
of computer networks
Students should understand and explore the basics
of Computer Networks and Various Protocols.
BL 2,3,4
To demonstrate the TCP/IP
and OSI models with merits
and demerits
He / She will be in a position to understand the
World Wide Web concepts.
BL 2,3,4
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 131
To explore the various
layers of OSI Model
Students will be in a position to administrate a
network and flow of information.
BL 1,2,4
To introduce UDP and TCP
Models
Further he/ she can understand easily the concepts
of network security, Mobile and ad hoc networks.
BL 1,2,4
BLOOMS LEVEL (BL)
BL 1: Remember / knowledge BL2: Understanding BL3: Apply
BL 4: Analyze BL 5: Evaluate BL 6: Create
4.6 HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:
Program Outcomes Level Proficiency
assessed by Blooms Level
A An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics,
science and engineering S
Solving Text
book
Problems
APPLY
B An ability to design and conduct experiments,
as well as to analyze and interpret data S
Solving Gate
and Text
book
Problems
APPLY
C
An ability to design a system, component, or
process to meet desired needs within realistic
constraints such as economic, environmental,
social, political, ethical, health and safety,
manufacturability and sustainability.
H
Assignment
and
Gate
questions
Apply and
Analyze
D An ability to identify, formulate and solve
engineering problems. S
Class Test &
Group
Activity
Apply
E
An ability to use the techniques, skills, and
modern engineering tools necessary for
engineering practice.
S
Mini and
Micro
Projects
Apply
F
An ability to understand the special duty they
owe to protect the public’s health, safety and
welfare by virtue of their professional status as
engineers in society.
N -- --
G
An ability to understand and correctly interpret
the impact of engineering solutions in global,
societal and environmental contexts and
demonstrate the knowledge of a need for
sustainable development.
H
Mini / Micro
Projects and
GATE
questions
Analyze and
Justify
H An understanding of professional and ethical
responsibility. N -- --
I
An ability to function effectively as an
individual, and as a member or leader in
diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
S Class Test &
Seminar Analyze
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 132
J
An ability to communicate effectively on
complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at
large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentations,
give and receive clear instructions.
S Seminars Understand &
Analyze
K
An ability to demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the engineering finance and
management principles as a member and leader
in a team to manage projects in multi-
disciplinary environments.
S
Mini and
Micro
Projects
Apply
L Recognition of the need for, and an ability to
engage in life-long analyzing. S
Group
Activity Analyze
M
An ability to design and implement projects in
the areas including Signal Processing,
Microwaves, Communication Systems, IC
Technology and Embedded Systems.
H
Mini and
Micro
Projects
Apply
N
An ability to use knowledge in various domains
to identify research gaps and hence to provide
solution to new ideas and innovations.
S Seminars &
Projects Analyze & Apply
N = None S = Supportive H = Highly Related
4.7 SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I:
Overview of the internet: Protocol, Layering Scenario, Layering Scenario, TCP/IP Protocol Suite:
The OSI Model, Internet history standards and administration; Comparison of the OSI and TCP/IP
reference model.
Physical Layer: Guided transmission media, wireless transmission media. Data Link Layer- design
issues, CRC Codes, Elementary Data link Layer protocols, sliding window protocol.
UNIT-II
Multiple Access Protocols: ALOHA, CSMA, Collision free protocols, Ethernet- Physical Layer,
Ethernet Mac Sub Layer, data link layer switching & use of bridges, Learning bridges, spanning
tree bridges, repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, routers and gateways.
UNIT-III
Network Layer: Network Layer Design issues, store and forward packet switching connection
less and connection oriented network- routing algorithms- optimality principle, shortest path,
flooding, Distance Vector Routing, Count to Infinity Problem, Hierarchical Routing, Congestion
control algorithms, admission control.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 133
UNIT-IV
Internetworking: Tunnelling, Internetwork Routing, Packet fragmentation, IPv4, Ipv6 Protocol,
IP addresses, CIDR, IMCP, ARP, RARP, DHCP.
Transport Layer: Services provided to the upper layers elements of transport protocol-addressing
connection establishment, connection release, Crash recovery.
UNIT-V
Internet Transport Protocols: UDP-RPC, Real Time Transport Protocols, The Internet Transport
Protocols- Introduction to TCP, The TCP Service Model, The TCP Segment Header, The Connection
Establishment, The TCP Connection Release, The TCP Connection Management Modeling, The TCP
Sliding Window, The TCP Congestion Control, The future of TCP.
Application Layer: Introduction, providing services, Application layer paradigms, Client server
model, Standard client-server application- HTTP, FTP, electronic mail, TELNET, DNS, SSH.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Data Communications and Networking – Behrouz A. Forouzan, Fifth Edition TMH, 2013.
2. Computer Networks – Andrew S Tanenbaum, 4th
Edition, Pearson Education.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. An Engineering Approach to Computer Networks- S. Keshav, 2nd
Edition, Pearson Education.
2. Understanding communications and Networks, 3rd
Edition, W.A.Shay, Cengage Learning.
3. Introduction to Computer Networks and Cyber Security, Chwan-Hwa(John) Wu, J. David
4. Irwin, CRC Press.
5. Computer Networks, L.L. Peterson and B.S.Davie, 4th
edition, ELSEVIER.
6. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet, Jmaes F. Kurose, K.W.
7. Ross, 3rd
Edition, Pearson Education.
4.8 COURSE PLAN:
Lecture
Number Unit Topics to be Covered Reference
1 I Overview of the internet: Introduction to
Computer Networks A1,A3
2 I Protocol A1,A3
3 I Layering Scenario A1,A3
4 I TCP/IP Protocol Suite A1,A3
5-6 I OSI Model A1,A3
7 I Internet History Standards and Administration A1,A3
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 134
8 I Comparison of the OSI and TCP/IP Reference
Model A1,A3
9 I Physical Layer: Introduction A1,A3
10 I Guided Transmission Media A1,A3
11 I Wireless Transmission Media A1,A3
12-13 I Data Link Layer-Design Issues A1,A3
14 I CRC Codes A1,A3
15 I Elementary Data Link Layer Protocols A1,A3
16-19 I Sliding Window Protocol A1,A3
20 I Revision A1,A3
21 II Multiple Access Protocols: Introduction A1,A3
22 II ALOHA A1,A3
23 II CSMA A1,A3
24 II Collision Free Protocols A1,A3
25 II Ethernet Mac Sub Layer A1,A3
26-27 II Data Link Layer Switching & Use of Bridges A1,A3
28 II Learning Bridges A1,A3
29 II Spanning Tree Bridges A1,A3
30 II Repeaters A1,A3
31-32 II Hubs, Bridges A1,A3
33 II Switches, Routers and Gateways A1,A3
34 II Revision A1,A3
35 III Network Layer: Introduction A1,A3
36-37 III Network Layer Design Issues A1,A3
38 III
Store and Forward Packet Switching Connection
Less and Connection Oriented Networks-
Routing Algorithms
A1,A3
39 III Optimality Principle A1,A3
40 III Shortest Path A2
41-42 III Flooding, Distance Vector Routing A2
43 III Count to Infinity Problem A2
44 III Hierarchical Routing A2
45-46 III Congestion Control Algorithms A2
47 III Admission Control A2
48 III Revision A2
49 IV Internetworking: Introduction A2
50 IV Tunneling A2
51 IV Internetwork Routing A2
52 IV Packet Fragmentation A2
53 IV IPv4, IPv6 Protocol A2
54 IV IP Addresses A2
55 IV CIDR, IMCP A2
56 IV ARP, RARP A2
57 IV DHCP
58 IV Transport Layer: Introduction
59 IV Services Provided To The Upper Layers
Elements of Transport Protocol
60 IV Addressing Connection Establishment
61 IV Connection Release and Crash Recovery
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 135
62 V The Internet Transport Protocols: UDP-RPC
63 V Real Time Transport Protocols
64 V Introduction to TCP
65 V The TCP Service Model
66 V The TCP Segment Header A2
67 V The Connection Establishment
68 V The TCP Connection Release
69 V The TCP Connection Management Modelling
70 V The TCP Sliding Window
71 V The TCP Congestion Control
72 V Future of TCP
73 V Application Layer-Introduction
74 V Providing Services
75 V Application Layer Paradigms
76 V Client Server Model
77 V Standard Client-Server Application
78 V HTTP,FTP
79 V Electronic Mail, TELNET
80 V DNS, SSH
4.9 MAPPING COURSE OBJECTIVES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF
PROGRAM OUTCOMES:
Course Objective Course Outcomes
a b c d e
I S
II S S
III H
IV H S
V S
S= Supportive H= Highly Related
4.10 MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF
PROGRAM OUTCOMES:
Course Outcomes Program Outcomes
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n
a S
b S S S S S
c S S
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 136
d S S S H S
e S S S S S S
S= Supportive H= Highly Related
QUESTION BANK
Unit-I
OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNET, PHYSICAL LAYER & DATA-LINK LAYER
GROUP – A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
S.No Question Blooms Taxonomy
Level
1. Define Network? Understand
2. Explain different types of networks? Understand
3. Describe Why protocols needed? Apply
4. Describe Access point? Understand
5. State the goals of networks? Understand
6. Describe the importance of networking? Remember
7. List two advantages of layering principle in computer networks? Apply
8. Classify different types of Layers? Apply
9. Define the responsibilities of data link layer? Apply
10. Enumerate the types of errors? Understand
11. Explain the role of ARPANET in computer networks? Apply
12. Discuss two points to improve the performance of network? Apply
13. Define redundancy? Apply
14. Li st different types of Transmission Media? Understand
15. Describe Why are standards needed? Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 137
16. Explain briefly about MAN? Understand
17 Explain about Sliding Window Protocol? Understand
18 Explain briefly about WAN? Understand
19 Define peer-to-peer process? Understand
20 Describe an internet? Understand
21 Define Intranet? Understand
22 Define Extranet? Understand
23 Explain briefly about LAN? Understand
24 Describe the advantages of a multipoint connection over a point-
to-point connection? Evaluate
25 List out the available detection methods? Evaluate
26 Discuss the responsibilities of the data link layer in the Internet
model? Evaluate
27 Discuss How do the layers of the Internet model correlate to the
layers of the OSI model? Evaluate
28 Differentiate four basic topologies? Evaluate
29 Define VRC, LRC, and CRC? Understand
30 List the advantages of CN? Understand
31 List the networks Applications? Understand
32 Define checksum? Understand
GROUP - B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1. Explain how are OSI and ISO related to each other? Remember
2. Illustrate some of the factors that determine whether a
communication system is a LAN or WAN? Understand
3. List the responsibilities of the data link layer in the Internet
model? Evaluate
4.
Suppose a computer sends a frame to another computer on a
bus topology LAN. The physical destination address of the frame
is corrupted during the transmission. What happens to the frame?
How can the sender be informed about the situation? Explain?
Understand
5. List three types of transmission impairment? Remember
6. Distinguish between baseband transmission and broadband
transmission? Understand
7. Explain the categories of networks? Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 138
8. Explain ISO/OSI Reference model with neat diagram? Understand
9. Define topology and explain the topologies of the network? Evaluate
10. Explain error detection and error correction techniques? Evaluate
11. Explain the flow control mechanism? Evaluate
12. Explain about HDLC? Evaluate
13. Explain the timers and time registers in FDDI? Evaluate
14. Explain error control mechanism? Evaluate
15. Explain about SONET and Bridges? Evaluate
UNIT-II
MULTIPLE ACCESS PROTOCOLS:
GROUP – A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Define ALOHA? Understand
2 List out advantage of token passing protocol over CSMA/CD
protocol? Understand
3 Define MAC? Understand
4 List the drawbacks of token ring topology? Understand
5 Define Ethernet? Understand
6 Illustrate in what way the MAC protocol of FDDI differs from
that of token ring? Analyze
7 Explain how FDDI offers higher reliability than token ring
protocol? Analyze
8 Explain the two techniques for implementing Ethernet switches? Analyze
9 Define Bridge? Apply
10 Define Hub? Understand
11 Define Router? Understand
12 Explain in what situations contention based MAC protocols are
suitable? Understand
13 Illustrate what is vulnerable period? How it affects the
performance in MAC protocols? Understand
14 List three categories of multiple access protocols? Analyze
15 Define CSMA and CDMA? Evaluate
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 139
16 Define parameter ‘a’? How does it affect the performance of the
CSMA protocol? Understand
17 Explain how performance is improved in CSMA/CD protocol
compared to CSMA protocol? Understand
18 Explain how throughput is improved in slotted ALOHA over pure
ALOHA? Understand
19 Explain Vulnerable Time? Understand
20 Distinguish between FDMA and TDMA? Analyze
21 Define Bandwidth? Understand
GROUP – B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 State the functions of MAC? Evaluate
2 How performance is improved in CSMA/CD protocol compared
to CSMA protocol? Explain? Understand
3 How CSMA/CA differs from CSMA/CD. Explain in brief? Understand
4 Explain in details about the access method and frame format used
in Ethernet and token ring? Evaluate
5 Explain the working of carrier sense multiple access protocol? Evaluate
6 Discuss the MAC layer functions of IEEE 802.11? Understand
7 Explain in details the types of bridges? Analyze
8 How a Token Ring LAN does operate? Discuss that can be used
to set up wireless LAN’s? Analyze
9 List and briefly discuss the two different basic transmission
technologies? Understand
10 List the four basic network topologies and explain them giving
all the Relevant features? Evaluate
11 Explain the frame format, operation and ring maintenance feature
of IEEE 802.5 MAC protocol? Evaluate
12 Define key requirements and functioning of wireless LANs? Apply
13 Explain why collision is an issue in a random access protocol but
not in controlled access or channelizing protocols? Understand
14 Compare and contrast a controlled access protocol with a
channelizing protocol? Apply
15 Do we need a multiple access protocol when we use the local loop
of the telephone company to access the internet? Explain? Apply
UNIT-III
NETWORK LAYER
GROUP - A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Explain Design Issues Of Network layer? Remember
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 140
2 List network support layers and the user support layers? Remember
3 Define the functions of LLC? Understand
4 Illustrate shortest path? Understand
5 Define Flooding? Analyze
6 Explain Optimality principle? Analyze
7 Define the functions of MAC? Understand
8 Define protocol data unit? Understand
9 Explain Congestion Control? Understand
10 Define virtual circuit? Understand
11 List out responsibilities of network layer? Analyze
12 Define datagram’s? Understand
13 Explain how broadcast and multicast address is represented in IP
addressing scheme? Analyze
14 List some of the unicast routing protocols? Understand
15 Differentiate between Datagram and datagram networks? Analyze
16 Define routers? Understand
17 Differentiate between virtual circuit and virtual circuit networks? Understand
18 List out functions of IP? Understand
19 Explain what is meant by routing algorithm? Understand
20 Define session routing? Understand
21 Define Flooding? Understand
22 Define Link state Routing? Understand
23 State Leaky bucket? Understand
24 Explain Choke packet? Analyze
25 Define packet switching? Analyze
26 State circuit switching? Analyze
GROUP - B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 141
1 Define switching? Explain Virtual circuit switching techniques? Understand
2 Explain Packet switching technique in detail? Analyze
3 Explain Internet Protocol with the neat block diagram of IP
header format? Analyze
4 Discuss about Address Resolution Protocol? Evaluate
5 Explain about Internet Control Message Protocol? Evaluate
6 Define BGP Protocol. Describe its routing functionality in detail? Evaluate
7 Write short notes on a) X.25 b) ARP? Evaluate
8 Explain the various congestion control mechanism in detail? Apply
9 Explain the Link State routing algorithm with an example? Apply
10 Describe the Routing Information protocol and Distance vector
routing protocol? Evaluate
11 Explain the Datagram delivery and Forwarding in Internet
Protocol? Understand
12 Explain the two approaches of packet switching techniques? Understand
13 Define Routers and explain the type of routers? Apply
14 Explain IP addressing method? Apply
15 Describe two groups of multicast routing protocols Understand
UNIT-IV
INTERNETWORKING, TRANSPORT LAYER
GROUP - A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 List out functions of transport layer? Understand
2 Define Multi-protocol router? Understand
3 List out duties of the transport layer? Understand
4 Define BGP? Understand
5 Differentiate between network layer delivery and the transport
layer delivery? Understand
6 Define IP Address? Understand
7 Define quality of service? Analyze
8 Explain Subnet Mask? Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 142
9 Define PayLoad? Understand
10 Explain how an application process running in one host is
addresses by another process through TCP? Analyze
11 Describe Datagram Format of UDP? Understand
12 Define IMCP? Analyze
13 State two protocols available at transport layer? Evaluate
14 List out various congestion avoidance techniques? Understand
15 Distinguish between Contention and Congestion? Evaluate
16 Define Tunneling? Understand
17 State the four major aspects of reliable delivery at the transport
layer? Understand
18 Explain how check sum is calculated in TCP? Evaluate
GROUP – B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Explain the real transport protocol of UDP and how will you
calculate checksum in UDP? Understand
2 Explain the TCP segment format? Analyze
3 Write short notes on Wrap around time (8)? Understand
4 Describe the Adaptive retransmission policy in detail? Apply
5 Explain the TCP Connection establishment and termination using
Timeline diagram? Apply
6 Describe the three way handshake protocol to establish the
transport level connection? Evaluate
7 Explain TCP state Transition diagram? Evaluate
8 Explain the connection establishment? Understand
9 Discuss about the TCP sliding window algorithm for flow
control? Understand
10 Explain congestion control algorithms in detail? Apply
11 Explain leaky bucket and token bucket algorithm? Apply
12 Explain UDP &TCP? Analyze
13 Explain congestion avoidance techniques in detail? Understand
14 List major types of networks and explain? Analyze
15 Illustrate data units at different layers of the TCP/IP protocol
suite? Apply
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 143
UNIT- V
APPLICATION LAYER
GROUP – A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Explain Internet Transport Protocols? Understand
2 Define UDP? Understand
3 State advantages of stateless server of HTTP? Apply
4 Define message Formatting? Analyze
5 Define TCP? Understand
6 Differentiate between FTP & HTTP? Evaluate
7 Explain TCP segment Header? Analyze
8 Explain Sliding Window Protocol? Understand
9 List two applications of Application Layer ? Apply
10 Explain DNS Name Space? Understand
11 List the advantages of Email? Understand
12 Define SMTP? Understand
13 Explain the concept of Telnet? Understand
14 Define FTP? Understand
15 Explain MIME? Understand
GROUP – B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 List different Data types used for Presentation formatting? Analyze
2 Define two methods of HTTP? Evaluate
3 Define Big-endian format and little-endian format? Analyze
4 Describe the role of the local name server and the authoritative
name server in DNS? Apply
5 Define Domain Name Service (DNS) and explain in detail about
the domain hierarchy and name servers? Understand
6 Explain in detail about the working principles of Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP) ? Evaluate
7 Discuss how the simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is useful
in electronic mail? Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 144
8 Describe in detail about the World Wide Web (WWW) ? Analyze
9 Explain the working principle of FTP in detail with neat diagram? Understand
10 Explain the WWW in detail? Understand
11 Differentiate between ARP and RARP? Evaluate
12 Explain the specific purposes of the DNS, HTTP, SMB, and
SMTP/POP application layer protocols? Understand
13 Compare and contrast client/server with peer-to-peer data transfer
over networks? Evaluate
14 Explain three domains of the Domain Name Space? Understand
15 Differentiate between primary server and secondary server? Evaluate
4.11 ASSIGNMENT TOPICS:
UNIT-I
OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNET, PHYSICAL LAYER, DATA-LINK LAYER
S. No Questions Blooms Taxonomy Level
1. Explain ISO/OSI Reference model with neat diagram? Remember
2.
Comparison between TCP/IP Reference model and OSI Reference
model? Understand
3.
Define Physical Layer and Explain the types of Transmission
medias? Understand
4. Briefly explain about Data Link Layer and Design Issues? Understand
5. Explain error detection and error correction techniques? Understand
6. Explain about Elementary Data Link Layer Protocol with its types? Understand
7.
Explain about Sliding Window Protocol theoretically and
practically? Understand
8. Explain about Protocols with its key elements? Evaluate
UNIT II
MULTIPLE ACCESS PROTOCOLS
1. State the functions of MAC? Understand
2.
Explain in details about the access method and frame format used in
Ethernet and token ring? Evaluate
3. How CSMA/CA differs from CSMA/CD. Explain in brief? Evaluate
4.
How performance is improved in CSMA/CD protocol compared to
CSMA protocol? Explain? Understand
5. Discuss the MAC layer functions of IEEE 802.11? Analyze
6. How a Token Ring LAN does operate? Discuss that can be used to Evaluate
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 145
set up wireless LAN’s?
7. Explain in details the types of bridges? Evaluate
8.
Explain the frame format, operation and ring maintenance feature
o of IEEE 802.5 MAC protocol? Analyze
9.
Compare and contrast a controlled access protocol with
channelizing protocol? Analyze
10. Define key requirements and functioning of wireless LANs? Understand
UNIT- III
NETWORK LAYER
1. Define switching? Explain Virtual circuit switching techniques? Understand
2. Explain Packet switching technique in detail? Analyze
3. Discuss about Address Resolution Protocol? Analyze
4.
Explain Internet Protocol with the neat block diagram of IP header
format? Evaluate
5. Explain about Internet Control Message Protocol? Understand
6. Write short notes on a) X.25 b) ARP? Understand
7. Explain the various congestion control mechanism in detail? Understand
8. Explain the Link State routing algorithm with an example? Apply
9. Explain the two approaches of packet switching techniques? Apply
10. Define Routers and explain the type of routers? Understand
UNIT- IV
INTERWORKING, TRANSPORT LAYER
1.
Explain the real transport protocol of UDP and how will you
calculate checksum in UDP? Understand, Evaluate
2. Describe the Adaptive retransmission policy in detail? Analyze, Understand
3.
Explain the TCP Connection establishment and termination using
Timeline diagram? Understand
4.
Describe the three way handshake protocol to establish the
transport level connection? Analyze
5. Explain TCP state Transition diagram? Understand
6. Discuss about the TCP sliding window algorithm for flow control? Evaluate
7. Explain congestion control algorithms in detail? Understand
8. Explain leaky bucket and token bucket algorithm? Analyze
9. Illu strate data units at different layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite? Analyze
UNIT-V
APPLICATION LAYER
1. List different Data types used for Presentation formatting? Understand
2. Define two methods of HTTP? Evaluate
3.
Define Domain Name Service (DNS) and explain in detail about the
domain hierarchy and name servers? Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 146
4.12 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT – I
OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNET, PHYSICAL LAYER, DATA-LINK LAYER:
1. Internet access by transmitting digital data over the wires of a local telephone network is provided by
a) leased line
b) digital subscriber line
c) digital signal line
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: b
2. ISP exchanges internet traffic between their networks by
a) internet exchange point
b) subscriber end point
c) ISP end point
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: a
3.Which one of the following protocol is not used in internet?
a) HTTP
b) DHCP
c) DNS
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: d
4.What is internet?
a) a single network
b) a vast collection of different networks
c) interconnection of local area networks
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: b
5. To join the internet, the computer has to be connected to a
4.
Explain in detail about the working principles of Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP) ? Understand
5.
Discuss how the simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is useful in
electronic mail? Understand
6. Describe in detail about the World Wide Web (WWW)? Understand
7. Explain the working principle of FTP in detail with neat diagram? Analyze
8. Explain the WWW in detail? Understand
9. Differentiate between ARP and RARP? Analyze
10.
Explain the specific purposes of the DNS, HTTP, SMB, and
SMTP/POP application layer protocols? Analyze, Understand
11
Compare and contrast client/server with peer-to-peer data transfer
over networks? Analyze
12 Explain three domains of the Domain Name Space? Understand
13 Differentiate between primary server and secondary server? Analyze
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 147
a) internet architecture board
b) internet society
c) internet service provider
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: c
7. Internet works on
a) packet switching
b) circuit switching
c) both (a) and (b)
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: a
8. Which one of the following is not an application layer protocol used in internet?
a) remote procedure call
b) internet relay chat
c) resource reservation protocol
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: c
9. Which protocol assigns IP address to the client connected in the internet?
a) DHCP
b) IP
c) RPC
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: a
10. Which one of the following is not used in media access control?
a) ethernet
b) digital subscriber line
c) fiber distributed data interface
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: d
UNIT-2
MULTIPLE ACCESS PROTOCOLS
1. In Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), if the station senses the medium before
2. trying to use it then the chance of collision can be
A. Increased
B. Reduced
C. Highlighted
D. Both B & C
Answer: B
6) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) differs from Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA) because there is no
A. bandwidth
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 148
B. link
C. carrier
D. timesharing
Answer: D
3. In Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), the possibility of collision still exist because of
A. Propagation delay
B. sender-receiver delay
C. Sense delay
D. Transmit delay
Answer: A
4. The protocol that is used to transmit data without any schedule time is
A. random access
B. controlled access
C. channelization
D. none of the above
Answer: A
5. Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) is based on the medium called
A. Listen before talk
B. Listen before sending
C. Sense before transmit
D. Sense before Collision
Answer: C
6. Normally the value of the K-max in pure ALOHA is
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20
Answer: C
7. In Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD), the sending station
must Detect
A. Collision
B. Signal
C. Sense
D. Station
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 149
Answer: A
8. The Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) method was developed to increase the
A. Collision
B. Performance
C. Transmission
D. Station
Answer: B
9. If the maximum propagation time in Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection
is 25.6
A. 54 bytes
B. 64 bytes
C. 74 bytes
D. 84 bytes
Answer: B
10 A collision of the frames could be the result when a station sends a frame and at the same
time any other station tries to send a
A. Information
B. Frame
C. Station
D. All of the above
Answer: B
11. In polling method, the secondary stations follow its instructions and the primary stations
controls the
A. transmission of frames
B. time delay
C. link
D. signals
Answer: C
12. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) specifies a predetermined frequency band
for the entire period of
A. Connection
B. Station
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 150
C. Communication
D. Channelization
Answer: C
UNIT-3
NETWORK LAYER:
1. Which functionality of the network layer deals with the necessity of a three-way handshake usually
2. before the transmission of data from sender to receiver?
a. Path determination
b. Forwarding
c. Call Set-up
d. All of the above
Answer: C
2. A packet used for the transmission purpose is basically a combination of __________
a. group of bits
b. source & destination address
c. both a & b
d. none of the above
Answer: C
3. Which unit plays a crucial role in carrying out the functions of network layer, simply by the addition
of a header to it ?
a. Network Service Data Unit (NSDU)
b. Medium Access Control Unit (MACU)
c. Network Address Translation Unit (NATU)
d. None of the above
Answer: A
4. Match the classes of IP addresses with their functional applications
A. Class A -------------------- 1) Multicast services
B. Class B -------------------- 2) Reserved for future use
C. Class D -------------------- 3) Large organizations
D. Class E -------------------- 4) Midsize Organizations
a. A- 4, B- 3, C- 2, D- 1
b. A- 2, B- 4, C- 1, D- 3
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 151
c. A- 3, B- 4, C- 1, D- 2
d. A- 1, B- 2, C- 3, D- 4
Answer: C
5. Which form of byte assigning strategy is adopted in class B type of network corresponding to IP
addresses?
a. Network.Node.Node.Node
b. Network.Network.Node.Node
c. Network.Network.Network.Node
d. Network.Node.Node.Node
Answer: B
6. On which factors do the size of block depends in classless addressing?
a. Nature & size of an entity
b. Number of addresses
c. Availability of the address space
d. All of the above
Answer: A
7. What are the problems involved in an IP Fragmentation Process?
A. Loss of any fragment results in rejection of all datagrams
B. Management of buffer space is essential to handle reassembly process
C. No necessity of initializing the timer after the reception of initial fragment
D. Multiple attempts can be made to recover ICMP error message due to connection-oriented IP service
a. A & B
b. C & D
c. B& C
d. A & D
Answer: A
8. The ability of a single network to span multiple physical networks is known as ______
a. Subnetting
b. Masking
c. Fragmenting
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 152
d. Hopping
Answer: A
9.Which field/s of ICMPv6 packet header has/have a provision of minimal integrity level concerning
to verification for ICMP messages?
a. Type
b. Code
c. Checksum
d. All of the above
Answer: C
11. In the version field of IPv4 header, when the machine is using some other version of IPv4 then
the datagram is
A. Discarded
B. Accepted
C. Interpreted
D. Interpreted incorrectly
Answer: A
12. The network layer at the source is responsible for creating a packet from the data coming from
another
A. Station
B. Link
C. Node
D. Protocol
Answer: D
13. The header of the datagram in the IPv4 has
A. 0 to 20 bytes
B. 20 to 40 bytes
C. 20 to 60 bytes
D. 20 to 80 bytes
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 153
Answer: C
14. In the IPv4 layer, the datagram is of
A. Fixed length
B. Variable length
C. Global length
D. 0 length
Answer: B
15. In IPv4, the service type of the service in the header field, the first 3 bits are called
A. Type of service
B. Code bits
C. Sync bits
D. Precedence bits
Answer: D
UNIT-4
INTERNETWORKING, TRANSPORT LAYER:
1.Transport layer aggregates data from different applications into a single stream before passing
it to a) network layer b) data link layer c) application layer d) physical layer
Answer: A
2. Which one of the following is a transport layer protocol used in networking?
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) Both TCP and UDP
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: C
3. User datagram protocol is called connectionless because
a) all UDP packets are treated independently by transport layer
b) it sends data as a stream of related packets
c) it is received in the same order as sent order
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: A
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 154
4. Transmission control protocol is
a) connection oriented protocol
b) uses a three way handshake to establish a connection
c) receives data from application as a single stream
d) all of the mentioned
Answer: D
5. An endpoint of an inter-process communication flow across a computer network is called
a) socket
b) pipe
c) port
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: A
6. Socket-style API for windows is called
a) w sock
b) w insock
c) wins
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: B
7. Which one of the following is a version of UDP with congestion control?
a) datagram congestion control protocol
b) stream control transmission protocol
c) structured stream transport
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: A
8. A _____ is a TCP name for a transport service access point.
a) port
b) pipe
c) node
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: A
9. Transport layer protocols deals with
a) application to application communication
b) process to process communication
c) node to node communication
d) none of the mentioned
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 155
Answer: B
10. Which one of the following is a transport layer protocol?
a) stream control transmission protocol
b) internet control message protocol
c) neighbor discovery protocol
d) dynamic host configuration protocol
Answer: A
11. Which statement is true regarding classless routing protocols?
a) The use of discontinuous networks is not allowed
b) The use of variable length subnet masks is permitted
c) RIPv1 is a classless routing protocol
d) RIPv2 supports classless routing
Answer: B
12. What is route poisoning?
a) It sends back the protocol received from a router as a poison pill, which stops the regular updates.
The use of variable length subnet masks is permitted
b) It is information received from a router that can’t be sent back to the originating router.RIPv2
supports classless routing
c) It prevents regular update messages from reinstating a route that has just come up
d) It describes when a router sets the metric for a downed link to infinity
Answer: D
UNIT-5 APPLICATION LAYER:
2. The packet of information at the application layer is called
a) Packet
b) Message
c) Segment
d) Frame
Answer: B
3. This is one of the architecture paradigm
a) Peer to peer
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 156
b) Client-server
c) HTTP
d) Both Peer-to-Peer & Client-Server
Answer: D
4. Application developer has permission to decide the following on transport layer side
a) Transport layer protocol
b) Maximum buffer size
c) Both Transport layer protocol and Maximum buffer size
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: C
5. Application layer offers _______ service
a) End to end
b) Process to process
c) Both End to end and Process to process
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: A
6. E-mail is
a) Loss-tolerant application
b) Bandwidth-sensitive application
c) Elastic application
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: C
7. Pick the odd one out
a) File transfer
b) File download
c) E-mail
d) Interactive games
Answer: D
8. The ____________ translates internet domain and host names to IP address.
a) domain name system
b) routing information protocol
c) network time protocol
d) internet relay chat
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 157
Answer: A
8. Which one of the following allows a user at one site to establish a connection to another site and
then pass keystrokes from local host to remote host?
a) HTTP
b) FTP
c) Telnet
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: C
10. Application layer protocol defines
a) types of messages exchanged
b) message format, syntax and semantics
c) rules for when and how processes send and respond to messages
d) all of the mentioned
Answer: D
11. Which one of the following protocol delivers/stores mail to reciever server?
a) simple mail transfer protocol
b) post office protocol
c) internet mail access protocol
d) hypertext transfer protocol
Answer: A
12. The ASCII encoding of binary data is called
a) base 64 encoding
b) base 32 encoding
c) base 16 encoding
d) base 8 encoding
Answer: A
13. Which one of the following is an internet standard protocol for managing devices on IP network?
a) dynamic host configuration protocol
b) simple network management protocol
c) internet message access protocol
d) media gateway protocol
Answer: B
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 158
CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS:
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Course Code : A70434
Course Title :
Cellular and Mobile Communications
Course Structure : Lectures Tutorials Practical Credits
4 - - 4
Course Coordinator : DR.K V MURALI MOHAN
Team of Instructors :
5.1 COURSE OVERVIEW:
Detail knowledge on cellular mobile radio systems, different fading in radio Systems, Elements of
Cellular Radio system design, Co-channel interference and Non- co channel interference. Briefing cell
coverage for signal and traffic , cell sir and mobile antennas , Near and long distance propagation and
path loss from point to point prediction model in different Conditions. After the course one can get
knowledge on Handoff and Dropped cell concepts and Frequency management and channel assignment
5.2 PREREQUISITE(S):
Level Credits Periods / Week Prerequisites
UG 4 4 Analog and digital communications
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 159
5.3 MARKS DISTRIBUTION:
Session Marks
University
End Exam
Marks
Total Marks
There shall be two mid tem examinations. Each Mid-term
exam consists of subjective type and objective type test. The
subjective test is for 10 marks, with duration of 1 hour.
Subjective test of each semester shall contain four questions;
the student has to answer two out of them. Each carrying 5
marks
The objective test paper Is prepared by JNTUH, which
consists of 20 questions each carrying 0.5 marks and total of
10 marks.
The student is assessed by giving two assignments, one,
after completion of
75
100
5.4 EVALUATION SCHEME:
5.3.1 Basic Cellular Mobile System, Uniqueness of mobile radio environment-
Long term fading, Factors influencing short term fading, Parameters of mobile
multipath fading.
5.3.2 Concept of frequency reuse, Co-channel Interference, Co-channel
Interference Reduction Factor,
5.3.3 Design of Antenna system.
Effects of cell site components, UHF TV interference..
All the setup channels carries only
a) header information b) data information
c) address information d) handoff information
In a cell how many set up channels are generally present
a) 32 b) 21 c) 53 d) any number
S.No. Component Duration Marks
(a) I Mid Examination 90 minutes 20
(b) I Assignment - 05
(c) II Mid Examination 90 minutes 20
(d) II Assignment - 05
(e) External Examination 3 hours 75
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 160
The process channel can be designed by as a channel apart from set up channels in the cell site
a) BSC b) PSTN c) MTSO d) control room
5.5 COURSE OUTCOMES:
S. No. Outcome Level Proficiency
assessed by
A.
An ability to apply knowledge of Science,
Mathematics, Engineering & Computing
fundamentals for the solutions of Complex
Engineering problems.
N
-
B.
An ability to identify, formulates, research literature and analyze
complex engineering problems using first principles of
mathematics and engineering sciences
N
-
C. An ability to design solutions to complex process or program to
meet desired needs
S Interactive
discussions
D. Ability to use research-based knowledge and research methods
including design of experiments to provide valid conclusions S
Assigning
&Exercises
E. An ability to use appropriate techniques, skills and tools
necessary for computing practice
S Exercises
and
assignments
F.
Ability to apply reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to assess social issues, consequences &
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice
N
-
G.
Ability to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a
global, economic, environmental, and societal context with
sustainability
N -
H. An understanding of professional, ethical, social issues and
responsibilities
S Exercises and
assignments
I. An ability to function as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams and in multidisciplinary settings
H
Assignments
, Tutorials,
Exams
J. An ability to communicate effectively on complex engineering
activities within the engineering community S
Oral
Discussions.
K.
Ability to demonstrate and understanding of the engineering and
management principles as a member and leader in a team
H
Exams,
Seminars,
Document
Preparation
and
Presentation.
L. Ability to engage in independent and lifelong learning in the
context of technological change
H Exercises and
Assignments
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 161
5.6 JNTUH SYLLABUS:
UNIT I:
Introduction to Cellular Mobile Radio Systems:
Limitations of conventional mobile telephone systems, Basic Cellular Mobile System, First,
Second, third and fourth generation cellular wireless systems, Uniqueness of mobile radio
environment- Fading- Time dispersion parameters, Coherence bandwidth, Doppler spread and
coherence time.
Fundamentals of Cellular Radio System Design:
Concept of frequency reuse, Co-channel Interference, Co-channel Interference Reduction
Factor, Desired C/I from a normal case in an Omni directional antenna system, System
capacity, Trunking and grade of service, Improving coverage and capacity in cellular systems-
Cell splitting, Sectoring.
UNIT II:
Co-channel Interfere
Measurement of real time Co-Channel interference, Design of Antenna system, Antenna
parameters and their effects, Diversity techniques- Space diversity, Polarization diversity,
Frequency diversity, Time diversity.
Non-Co-Channel Interference:
Adjacent channel interference, Near end- far end interference, Cross talk, Effects on
coverage and interference by power decrease, Antenna height decrease, Effects of cell site
components.
UNIT III:
Cell Coverage for Signal and Traffic:
Signal reflections in flat and hilly terrain, Effect of human made structures, Phase difference
between direct and reflected paths, Constant standard deviation, Straight line path loss slope,
General formula for mobile propagation over water and flat open area, Near and long distance
propagation, Path loss from a point to point prediction model in different conditions, merits of
Lee model.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 162
CELL SITE AND MOBILE ANTENNAS:
Space diversity antennas, Umbrella pattern antennas, Minimum separation of cell site antennas,
mobile antennas.
UNIT IV:
Frequency Management and Channel Assignment:
Numbering and grouping, Setup access and paging channels, Channel assignments to cell sites
and mobile units, Channel sharing and borrowing, Sectorization, Overlaid cells, Non fixed
channel assignment.
UNIT V:
Handoff and Dropped Calls:
Handoff initiation, Types of handoff, Delaying handoff, Advantages of handoff, Power
difference handoff, Forced handoff, Mobile assisted and soft handoff. Intersystem handoff,
Introduction to dropped call rates and their evaluation.
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications – W.C.Y. Lee, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Edn., 1989.
2. Wireless Communications - Theodore. S. Rapport, Pearson education, 2nd Edn., 2002.
3. Mobile Cellular Communication – Gottapu Sashibhushana Rao, Pearson, 2012
REFERENCES:
1. Principles of Mobile Communications – Gordon L. Stuber, Springer International 2nd
Edition, 2001.
2. Modern Wireless Communications- Simon Haykin, Michael Moher, Pearson Education, 2005.
3. Wireless Communication theory and techniques, Asrar U. H. Sheikh, Springer, 2004.
4. Wireless Communication and Networking, Vijay Garg, Elsevier Publications,2007.
5. Wireless Communication – Andrea Goldsmith, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 163
5.7 COURSE PLAN:
Lecture No.
Course Learning Outcomes Topics to be covered Reference Bloom Level
L1-2
Discuss limitations of
telephone systems and basic
cellular system
Limitations of conventional
mobile telephone systems
Basic Cellular Mobile
System, First, Second, third
and fourth generation cellular
wireless systems
T1,R1
1&2
L3-5
List out factors effecting
fading
Uniqueness of mobile radio
environment- Long term
fading, Factors influencing
short term fading
T1,R1
2&3
L6
Classify multipath fading
Parameters of mobile
multipath fading- Time
dispersion parameters,
Coherence bandwidth,
T1,R1
1&3
L7 Compare types of small
scale fading
Doppler spread and coherence
time, Types of small scale
fading.
T1,R1 2&4
L9 Describe frequency reuse
concept
Concept of frequency reuse,
Co- channel Interference T1,R1 4&6
L10 Discuss cci Co-channel Interference
Reduction Factor T1,R1 1&4
L11
Obtain C/I from normal case
Desired C/I from a normal
case in an Omni directional
antenna system, System
capacity
T1,R1
2&5
L12 What is trunking and GOS Trunking and grade of service T1,R1 3&5
L13-
14
Explain about capacity in
cellular system
Improving coverage and capacity in cellular systems- Cell splitting, Sectoring, Microcell zone concept
T1,R1 5&6
L16 Derive realtime CCI Measurement of real time
Co- Channel interference T1,R1 1&2
L17-
18
Design antenna system Design of Antenna system,
Antenna parameters and their
effect
T1,R1 2&3
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 164
L19-
20
Illustrate diversity techniques
Diversity techniques- Space
diversity Polarization
diversity, Frequency diversity,
Time diversity
T1,R1
4&5
L22 Define ACI Adjacent channel interference T1,R1 1&2
L23 Explain near end far end
interference Near end- far end interference T1,R1 2&3
L24-27
Explain cross talk
Cross talk, Effects on coverage
and interference by power
decrease, Antenna height
decrease, Effects of cell site
components, UHF TV
interference
T1,R1
3&4
L29-31
Discuss signal reflection in flat
and hilly terrain
Signal reflections in flat and
hilly terrain, Effect of human
made structures, Phase
difference between direct and
reflected paths
T1,R1
1&2
L32-34 Why constant standard deviation Constant standard deviation, T1,R1 2&3
Straight line path loss slope
L35
Discuss near and long
distance propagation
General formula for mobile
propagation over water and flat
open area, Near and long
distance propagation
T1,R1
3&4
L37-39
Explain lee model
Path loss from a point to point
prediction model in different
conditions, merits of Lee model
T1,R1
4&5
L41 What are sum and difference
patterns
Sum and difference patterns and
their synthesis T1,R1 5&6
L42-43
Explain omni directional
antennas
Coverage-Omni directional
antennas, Interference reduction-
directional antennas for
interference reduction
T1,R1
1&2
L44-46
Compare space and umbrella
pattern antennas
Space diversity antennas,
Umbrella pattern antennas,
Minimum separation of cell site
antennas, mobile antennas
T1,R1
2&3
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 165
5.8 MAPPING COURSE OBJECTIVES LEADING TO THE OF THE
ACHIEVEMENT PROGRAM OUTCOMES:
H = Highly Relat
L48-52
Explain about spectrum
utilization
Numbering and grouping, Setup
access and paging channels,
Channel assignments to cell sites
and mobile units, Channel
sharing and borrowing,
Sectorization, Overlaid cells,
Non fixed channel assignment
T1,R1
3&4
L54-57
Discuss handoff
Handoff initiation, Types of
handoff, Delaying handoff,
Advantages of handoff, Forced
handoff, Mobile assisted and soft
handoff
T1,R1
4&5
L58-60 Describe dropped call rates Introduction to dropped call rates
and their evaluation T1,R1 5&6
Course
Objectives
Program Outcomes
a b c d e f g h i j k l m
I
S S
S S H
II
S
S H S
III H
IV H
S
V
S
S H
VI
VII
S S
VIII
S S
S
IX
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 166
5.9 MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF
THE PROGRAM OUTCOMES:
Course Programme Outcomes
Outcomes a b c d e f g h i j k l m
1 S S S
2 S S S
3
4 S H S
5 S S H H
S = Supportive H = Highly Related
5.10 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT-I
1. A mobile unit is compare of transceiver and a) Control unit b) Antenna system c) key pad d) timers
2. MTSO is
a) Mobile Transmitting Office b) Mobile transmitting switching office c) Mobile terminal switching office d) Mobile telephone switching office.
3. Central Co-coordinating function and administration is carried out by
a) cell site b) BSC c) MTSO d) PSTN & BSC
4. The quality of voice received can be estimated & judged by a) No. of dropped calls b) subjective tests c) Coverage capacity d) Transmitting power
5. In mobile radio environment the receives carrier power is proportional to ------- a 40
dB loss at receiver is observed& the mobile is moving up to 10 km
a) Ct-5
b b) R
-4 c) R
-40 d) C
-4
6. Average the below statements is operation of cellular systems a) Mobile originated cell b) Handoff procedure c) N/W originated cell d) Mobile unit initialization
7. Handoff used by --------& later renamed as ----------
a) USDC, channel assignment b)AMPS, handover c) IS-95, handover d) USDC, cell sectoring
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 167
8. To have more coverage cell shape should be
a) Hexagon b) Circular c) Square d) Hexagon & Square
9. Example of analog cellular systems outside USA are
a) Japan (NTT),Nordic system (NMT) b) AMPS, Japan (NIT)
c) Arora, AMPS d) Japan (NTT) ,Nortic system (NMT),AMPS
10. Some of the digital cellular systems are
a) CDMA,AMPS b) push to table FM,AMPS
c) NA-TDMA,AMPS d) NA,TDMA,GSM
11. In United states under classification of areas based on propagation the top 61 to 90 markets is
a) very large cities b) small sized cities
c) below medium sized cities d) medium sized cities
12. In Ansthia a NMT network in cellular communication is known as
a) NMTN b) auto telefonnetz c) NMTW d) auto elecfonnetz
13. The Kuwait cellular system makes use of
a) USDC b) NMT’S switches c) NEC’S switches d) AMPS
14. Arrange the following statements un descending order of operation a) Handoff procedure b) mobile originated call c) Call termination d) N/W originated call
15. In Spain the cellular network used was
a) NMT 250 KHz b) NMT 450 KHz c) GSM & AMPS d) IS 54
16. The ability of base station to pick up the connect signal as mobile enters from cell 1 to cell 2 is
a) call splitting b) call sectoring c) sort handoff d) the coverage capacity
17. The small geographical area is cellular communication is defined as a) N=7 reuse pattern b)N=4 reuse pattern c) cluster d) cell
18. The items required for service quality are a) coverage b) GOS c) No. of dropped calls d) Voice quality
19. Mobile unit is connected to PSTN through
a) BTS alone b) MSC alone c) Handoff procedure d) BTS & MSC
20. AMPS standard uses
a) FM,FDD b) FM,AM c) AM,TDD d) FSK,MSK
21.The following are the elements of cellular mobile radio system a) Rxx&Txx b) Mobile unit & control unit c) C/I reduction factor & cell splitting d) Handdoff&Rxx
22. The concept of repeting same frequency is known as and the calls using same frequencies
is known as
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 168
a) call splitting, adjacent calls b) freqsence,adjacent channels
c) freqsence ,co channels d) cell sectoring, cells
23.If D is the dist. Between two co-channel cell & R be is the cell rading then D/R is known as a) adjacent channel interference reduction factor b) co-channel interference reduction factor c) adjacent co-channel interference reduction factor d) none of the above
24.If N is the pattern & R is the rading of cell then frequency sense distance (D) is given as a) D=3NR b)D=3N
2 √R c) D=3NR
2d)D=(√3N) R
25. For N=4 & N=19 rsense cellular patterns the frequency sense distances are--- -----
and ----- a) 3.46 R & 4.6 R b) 3.46 R & BR c)6 R & 7.55 R d)3.46 R & 7.55 R
26. In a N cell sense pattern the equation of N is a) N=(i+j)
2 b) N=i
2+ij+j
2 c) N=i+j+2j d) N=j+2i
27. For N=7 sense pattern , the co-channel interference reduction
factor q is a) D/R =5.6 b) D/R =7.6 c)D/R =6 d) D/R
=4.6
28. When the mobile moves from original cell to a new cell and the call in progress has to be
continued smoothly , it is known as
a) cell sectoring b) hand-off technique c) desectinization d) coverage
29.The cell splitting is done as per traffic demand available in the cell is known as a) permanent cell splitting b) dynamic cell splitting c) semi-permanent splitting d) static cell splitting
30. In general after cell splitting technique new cell radices a) (old cell radius)
2 b) (old cell radins)
2 c) old cell radine/Π d) old cell radine/2
31. MTSO does the following functions a) performs all internal switching of the calls b) does not perform internal switching c) autonomously locates mobile d) manage data communication
32. In cellular system antennas front-to-back ratio of directional antennas is ------in the space
and ----in cell site a) 30dB,12dB b) 20dB,10dB c) 10dB,15dB d) 40dB,30dB
33. Interference in neighboring cells is reduced by
a) antenna tilting b) gain adjustment c) impedance d) antenna height
34. The capacity of switching system in cellular system in based on the following
a) No. of switch ports b) battery conditions c) reducing switch ports d) processor capacity
35. Service life of switching equipment is not determined by a) how long it takes to attain its full capacity b) temperature c) life cycle of equipment d) none
36. to increase capacity of equipment in case of designing switching equipment as modules is a) modules destination b) modules can be reduced c) more modules can be added d) modules need not be
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 169
altered 38. Data link -----------
a) cannot carry multiple channel data b) can carry multiple channel data
c) is not effected by cellular system d) is effected by cellular system
39. The macro and micro cells are available in a) hand-off b) cell sectorization c) co-channel cellular region d) umbrella pattern
40. Consider there are 5 cell sites C1 to C5.A uses enters from 1 cell site to another cell with
4 min. If all the cells are of equal distance at 12 min from stating point in which cell the
uses will be?
a) In C4 b) A boundary of C3 c) In C5 d) In C2
Key-
1) b 2) d 3) c 4) b 5) b 6) b 7) b 8) a 9) a 10) d 11)d 12) b 13) c 14) d 15) b 16) c 17) d
18) a 19) d 20) a 21)c 22) b 23) c 24) b 25) d 26) d 27) b 28) d 29) b 30) b 31) d 32) a 33 b 34) a 35)
d 36) c 37) c 38) b 39) d 40) a
UNIT-II
1) In cellular system if cluster size N is greater than 7 it will result in
a) reduces no. of channels in a cell b) increases no. of channels in a cell
c). reduces no. of channels but it reduces spectrum efficiency d)none of the above
2) The goal of frequency sense technique in a cell is
to improve system gain b) to alter co-channel interference
factor c). to increase spectrum efficiencyd) to improve
synchronization
3) In acellular system if 7 cell sense pattern is applied the co-channel interference reduction factor q
will be
a) 5.61 b) 5.78 c) 4.9 d) 4.6
4) The value of co-channel interference ratio q is 5.2 for N=9 and if n=12 it
will be a)8 b) 16 c) 6 d) 12
5) an antenna used in wireless transmission radiates in all directions and it is a
a) spot beam antenna b) yagiuda antenna
c) omni directional antenna d) none of the above
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 170
1) If cluster size N=4 a better cell sectoring system will
be a) 120o b) 90
o c) 60
o d) 20
o
2) The sectored cell needs more antenna to be mounted and frequent hand-offs
a) 120o b) 60
o c) 90
o d) 360
o
3) The narrow beam applications which cellular pattern given below is correct
b) N=7 with 120 0 sectors b) N=4 with 60
0 sectors
c)N=4 with 90 0 sectors d) N=7 with 90
0 sectors
4) In flat ground as in a vally interference can be effectively reduced by
c) lowering antenna height b) reducing power level
c) increasing antenna height d) lowering antenna separation
5) If there is a noted available in antenna pattern it will have the following effect
a) will not alter interference b) reduce interference c) inc gain d) inc power
6) The co-channel & long distance interference are reduced by
a) yagi-uda antenna b) umbrella pattern
c) uni directional antenna d) none of the above
7) Technique is used for reducing interference is
a) cell splitting b) hand-off c) diversity d) sectoring
8) Speech quality can be measured by
a) subjective b) SNR c) C/I d) SNR & C/I
9) SINAD is
a) signal to noise and distortion ratio b)signal to noise and deviation factor
c) signal to noise ratio d) none of the above
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 171
10) The [signal+ noise+ distortion/noise+ distortion]
a) SIAD factor b) SINAD c) SINAD reduction factor d) co-channel interference reduction
factor
11) Adjacent channel & next channel interference are
a) different b) same c) related by amplitude d) having more interference
12) If two service providers are available in one market it is known as
a) honopoly b) duality c) dnopoly d) duplex
13) Ring combines can handle
a) 16 channels b) 8 channels c) 32 channels d)8 channels
14) In cellular system is close talk accurs it will be ----as compared to telephone systems
a) less b) more c) doubled d) unpredictable
15) SAT is
a) supervisory amplifies tuner b) supervisory amplitude tone
c) supervisory audio tone d) supervisory analog tone
16) cell coverage is based on --- on the ----------
a) gain, power b) signal amplification
c) signal coverage d) human made structures, national terrains
17) Tohiage areas are
d) national terrains b) human made structures c) open areas d) urban areas
18) At the mobile & base station antenna heights will be -----and--------
a) 30m,3m b) 3m,30m c) 40m,0.4m d)30m,60m
19) Tohiage , loses is due to the fall
e) fall building b) indoor structures c) fall trees,leavesetc d) out door structures
20) The high cell site covers signal in
a) small area b) larger area
c) short distance propagation d) long distance propagation
21) The gradual bending of rays due to the changing effective dielectric constant of atmosphere is the
foll effect
A.troposphere reflection b) troposphere infraction c) ------ d) diffraction
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 172
27)Troposphere wave propagation can be interferences and it can be controlled by, the following
a) Umbrella antenna beam pattern b) Directional antenna pattern
c) Both a & B d) Yagi –uda antenna
28) Foliage losses is due to the following
a) Tall Buildings b) Indoor Structures
c) Tall trees, leave etc d) out door structures
29) The high cell site covers signal in
a) small area b) larger area
c) short distance propagation d) long distance propagation
30) The Gradual bending of rays due to changing effective di-electric constant of atmosphere is the
fall effect.
a) Troposphere reflection b)Troposphere reflection C)Moistness d) diffraction
31) Refraction index decreases with height , and the rays will be curved downward and bottom as fall
condition
a) dual propagation b) reflection c) diffraction d) refraction
32) Troposphere wave propagation cause interferences and it can be controlled by the following
a) umbrella antenna beam pattern b) directional antenna pattern
c) a and b d) yagiuda antenna
32. The path unobstincted by terrain profile and man made structure is given below
b) non-obstictive path b) indirect path c) line of sight path d) none of the above
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 173
33) Consider following statements & mention whether it is true or false
1) In manmade structures , there is spare structures
2) In manmade structures , there is spare dense manmade structures
a) 1 is true b) 2 is true c) 1& 2 true d) 1 both are false
35) The range for which pt-to-pt model is very useful to provide predictions is
a) 10 mi or less b) 100 mi or less c) more than 50 mi d) b/w 50-100 mi
36) In mobile –to mobile propagation the propagation channel acts as following component
a) repeater b) alternator c) filter d) amplifier
37) Find whether true or false
1) In foliage areas the trees such as oale lose their leaves in winter
2) In summer foliage losses are heavy
a) 1 & 2 are true b) 2 is true c) 1 is false d) both are false
38)The parameters of foliage losses are
1) leaves 2) trundles 3) branches 4) density of distribution of
trees a) 1,2 & 3 b)2,3 & 4 c) 1,2,3,4 d) 1& 2
39) In double link edge diffract n model the total diffraction loss is as the foll
a) square of the sum of the two diffraction losses b) difference of the two diffraction losses
c) sum of the two diffraction losses d) none of the above
40) The area-to-area prediction model provides accuracy with 8db σ which is the –of actual
path loss data
a) 58% b) 88% c) 68% d) 87%
KEY:
1) c 2) c 3) d 4) c 5) c 6) c 7) b 8) b 9) a 10) b 11) c 12) c 13) a 14) a 15) b
16) b 17) c 18) c 19) c 20) c 21)c 22)d 23)c 24)c 25)c 26)c 27)c 28)c 29)ab 30) b 31)b
32)b 33)c 34)c 35) d 36) b 37) b 38)a 39) b 40) a
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 174
UNIT-III
1) The term EIRP refers to
a) Effective isotropic radiated power b) Effective radiated power
c) Effective isolated radiated power d) Effective isotropic related power
2) EIRP is related to ERP by the relation
a) ERP=EIRP-4dB b) ERP=(EIRP)2-2dB c) ERP=EIRP-6dB d) ERP=EIRP-2dB
3) In a start up system an omni cell transmitting antennas are
a) directional b) omni directional c) yagiuda pattern d) none of the above
4) In abnormal antenna configuration an omnicell site is equipped with 90 channels for
which ---- transmitting antennas are used
a) 16 b) 9 c) 6 d) 3
5) In abnormal antenna configuration an omnicell site is equipped with 45 channels for
which ---- transmitting antennas are used
a)13 b) 5 c) 3 d) 5
6) Which device can be used to reduce the no. of transmitting antennas in mobile communication
a) multiplexers b) hybrid ring combines c) attenuators d) local antenns
7) One transmitting antenna for two receiving antennas is applied in directional antenna
arrangement what will be type of cell sectoring
a) 60o sector b) 120
o sector c)30
o sector d) 90
o sector
8) Under space diversity antennas is h is the height of antenna,d is separation distance then
efficiency ή is
a) ή=h2 /d b) ή=h/d c) ή=h/d
2 d) ή=( h/d)
2
9) Several vertically stacked umbrella pattern antenna can form a
a) abnormal atenna b) high gain antenna
c) interference reduction antenna d) mobile antenna
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 175
10) Min separation of cell site receiving antennas will have the following advantage
a) inter modulation can be avoided b) reduces ISI
c) reduces noise d) controls distortion
11) The motor vehicle mounted antenna is the following antenna
a) directional antenna b) omni directional antenna
c) smart antenna d) micro strip antenna
12) What will be the radiation pattern of roof mounted antenna
a) uniformly distributed b) non uniformly distributed
c) a &b d) cannot be predicted
13) IS it necessary to drill a hole in glass mounted antenna for coupling
a) yes b) no c) cannot be drilled d) b & c
14) What is the difference in position between glass mounted and roof mounted antenna
a) 6dB b) 7 dB c) 0 dB d) 3 dB
15) The gain of glass mounted antenna will be
a) 1 to 10 dB b) 1 to 3 dB c) 5 dB d) 7 dB
16) The two branch space diversity antennas can in mobile communication
a) Reduce fading b) increase fading c) reduce gain d) increase gain
17) What is the advantage of shaded glass if it is used for glass mounted antenna
a) has no metal content b ) umbrella and has less metal content
c) has less metal content d) has high metal content
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 176
18) Comment an antenna beam pattern of directional antenna
a) suppressed horizontally b)suppressed vertically
c) elevated vertically d) elevated horizontally
19) Comment on antenna beam pattern of high gain antenna
a) elevated vertically b) suppressed horizontally
c) elevated horizontally d) suppressed vertically
20)b What is the advantage of shaded glass if it is used for glass mounted antenna
a) has no metal content b) umbrella and has less metal content
c) has less metal content d) has high metal content
21) The main function of frequency management is given below
a) increasing gain b) increasing power
c) dividing total number of channels in to subsets d) adding the given no. of channels
22) Numbering the channel is done by the fort channel
a) RVC b) RCC c) FVC d) FCC
23) What basis in affixed channel set that consists of one or more subsets is assigned to a cell site
a) short term basis b) in dynamic basis c) long term basis d) temporary basis
24) What is the method of channel assignment to a mobile unit during call in progress
a) long term basis b) permanent basis c) short term basis d) in flexible mode
25) Allocation of specific channels to a cell site is known as
a) frequency management b) freq. allotment
c) channel assignment d) channel modeling
26) What is the other name of set up channels?
a) reverse channels b) forward channels c) control channels d) traffic channels
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 177
27) What are the types of set up channels?
a) access channels and forward channels b) paging channels & reverse channels
c) access and paging channels d) forward & reverse channels
28) In set up channels every two way channel contains a ---- bandwidth
a) 60 khz b) 30 khz c) 30 mhz d) 45 khz
29) In channel case – set up channels can be used for paging and accessing
a) T no b) 1 c) 3 d) N
30) The forward setup channel is sent at the –and the reverse setup channel is sent at the—
a) mobile unit b) cell site c) BTS,PSTN d) BTS, MSC
31) All the setup channels carries only
a) header information b) data information
c) address information d) handoff information
32) In a cell how many set up channels are generally present
a) 32 b) 21 c) 53 d) any number
33) The process channel can be designed by as a channel apart from set up channels in the cell site
a) BSC b) PSTN c) MTSO d) control room
34) For keeping the reverse set up channels open as for as possible what is adapted in a mobile unit
a) handoff scheme b) self generation scheme
c) self location scheme d) channel assignment
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 178
35) For searching a mobile unit is cell site what is the MTSO has to do?
a) waiting for activated b) receiving act signal
c) sending page d) receiving page
36) What is the main function of FDCC in cell site?
a) sends control information b) page to mobile unit
c) receiving page d) controls page
37) What is RECC?
a) reverse electrical control channel b) reverse control
channel c)reverse enable control channel d) retry enable cell
control
38) The FDCC is also known as
a) power of a forward set up channel b) power of a reverse channe
c) signal strength of reverse channel d) signal strength of set up channel
39) When there is no voice channel the cell site could send a message using set up channels
a) page b) direct cell retry c) acknowledge signal d) ready signal
40) Find whether the statements given below are correct
1) To increase freq. spectrum the no. of radio channels showed be increased
2) it can be done by narrow banding
a) both 1 & 2 are correct b) 1 is correct but 2 is nit the justification
c) both are not correct d) none of the above
KEY:
1c 2d 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c 9ab 10 b 11b 12b 13c 14c 15 dc 16 b 17 b 18a 19 b
20 a 21c 22d 23c 24c 25c 26c 27c 28c 29b 30 b 31b 32b 33c 34c 35 d 36 b
37 b 38a 39 b 40 a
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 179
UNIT-IV:
1) Set up channel will not be in the following case
a)before the call is established b) during the calling period
c) when call communication is over d) after the call establishment
2) Find whether true or false: Hand off required in situation such as
1) call site receiver weak signals from mobile at the cell boundary(-100 dB)
2) When mobile unit reaches the signal strength holes within the cell site
a)1 is true b) 2 is true c) both are false d) 1 & 2 are true
3) The received signals strength can be expression as
a) C+I b) C2 + I c) CI d) CI
2
4) The MTSO will handle the –first and--- second
a) originating calls, handoff calls b)handoff calls, originating calls
c) dropped calls , handoff calls d) dropped calls ,originating calls
5) If a hand off that should not occur but if it is forced to happen then it is called as below
a) soft hand-off b) hard hand-off c) forced hand-off d) none of the above
6. One of the method to make hand –off to occur in proper location and with less interference
is known as below
b) forced hand-off b) two hand off level c) hard hand-off d) soft hand-off
6) Hand-off controlling is done by
a) PSTN b) MTSO c) BSC d) cell site
7) Creative hand-off is required by
a) cell site b) MTSO c) BSC d) PSTN
8) The following of hand-off is --- compared to two threshold level hand-off
a) more effective b) less effective c) equal d) very negligible
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 180
9) For the Q no. 12 prepare a hand-off would take place when Δ value is –
a) 1 dB< Δ < 3dB b) 1 dB< Δ < 2 dB c) 1 dB< Δ < 8dB d) 3 dB< Δ < 6dB
10) In normal hand-off procedure the hand-off request is based on the following
a) power level b) signal strength c) peak curren t d) non eof the above
11) If call hand-off is transferred from one system to another system is known as hand-off
a) inter system b ) intra system c) soft d) hard
12) The dropped call is –but -----it is terminated properly
a) after the call is established before b) after the call is established after
c) before the call is terminated, after d) call in progress, before
13) A good frequency management chart and frequency assignment will lead to-
a) reducing power b) reducing time period c) reducing hand-off d) reducing interference
14) The model used for selecting cell site location is given below
a) propagation protection b) path loss c) durleins d) knife edge
15) The purpose of tilting antenna patterns or using an umbrella pattern omni directional
antenna is given below
a) to confine time slots b) to confine energy in small area
c) to increase coverage area d) to decrease path area
16) Dynamic channel assignment is mainly done for the foll reason
a) increase traffic capacity b) decrease traffic capacity
c) increase gain level d) decrease transmit power
17) If BT/BC is total no. of voice channels ,C/I is carrier to interference ratio of system the relation
(m) among voice quantity ,dropped call rate an capacity is given as below
a) m= BT/BC/√2/3( C/I)s b) m= (BT/BC) (C/I)s
c) m=(BT/BC)2 (C/I)s d) m=√BT/BC/2/3(C/I)s
18) If δ is probability of signal being below specific threshold ( at receiver ) level μ is probability
of the signal below specific co-channel interference level then formula of dropped call site is given
below
a) (1+8) (1-μ) b)(1+8)2 (1-μ) c) (1+8) (1-μ)
2 d) (1-8) (1-μ)
Key:
1d 2d 3a 4b 5c 6b 7b 8b 9a 10 a 11a 12b 13a 14a 15 d 16 a 17 b 18a 19 a 20 d
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 181
UNIT-V
1) Set up channel will not be in the following case
a)before the call is established b) during the calling period
c) when call communication is over d) after the call establishment
2) Find whether true or false: Hand off required in situation such as
3) call site receiver weak signals from mobile at the cell boundary(-100 dB)
4) When mobile unit reaches the signal strength holes within the cell site
b) 1 is true b) 2 is true c) both are false d) 1 & 2 are true
3) The received signals strength can be expression as
a) C+I b) C2 + I c) CI d) CI
2
4) The MTSO will handle the –first and--- second
a) originating calls, handoff calls b)handoff calls, originating calls
c) dropped calls , handoff calls d) dropped calls ,originating calls
5) If a hand off that should not occur but if it is forced to happen then it is called as below
a) soft hand-off b) hard hand-off c) forced hand-off d) none of the above
6) One of the method to make hand –off to occur in proper location and with less interference is known
as below
a) forced hand-off b) two hand off level c) hard hand-off d) soft hand-off
7) Hand-off controlling is done by
a) PSTN b) MTSO c) BSC d) cell site
8) Creative hand-off is required by
a) cell site b) MTSO c) BSC d) PSTN
9) The following of hand-off is --- compared to two threshold level hand-off
a) more effective b) less effective c) equal d) very negligible
10) If a power difference between received signal at cell site when a request for hand-off and no hand-
off cases
a) Δ > 3dB and -Δ > 3dB b)Δ > -3dB and Δ > 3dB c) Δ > 6 dB d) Δ < 6dB
11) For the Q no. 12 prepare a hand-off would take place when Δ value is –
a) 1 dB< Δ < 3dB b) 1 dB< Δ < 2 dB c) 1 dB< Δ < 8dB d) 3 dB< Δ < 6dB
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 182
12) In normal hand-off procedure the hand-off request is based on the following
a) power level b) signal strength c) peak curren t d) non eof the above
13) If call hand-off is transferred from one system to another system is known as hand-off
a) inter system b ) intra system c) soft d) hard
14) The dropped call is –but -----it is terminated properly
a) after the call is established before b) after the call is established after
c) before the call is terminated, after d) call in progress, before
15) A good frequency management chart and frequency assignment will lead to-
a) reducing power b) reducing time period c) reducing hand-off d) reducing interference
16) The model used for selecting cell site location is given below
a) propagation protection b) path loss c) durleins d) knife edge
17) The purpose of tilting antenna patterns or using an umbrella pattern omni
directional antenna is given below
a) to confine time slots b) to confine energy in small area
c) to increase coverage area d) to decrease path area
18) Dynamic channel assignment is mainly done for the foll reason
a) increase traffic capacity b) decrease traffic capacity
c) increase gain level d) decrease transmit power
19) If BT/BC is total no. of voice channels ,C/I is carrier to interference ratio of system the relation
(m) among voice quantity ,dropped call rate an capacity is given as below
a) m= BT/BC/√2/3( C/I)s b) m= (BT/BC) (C/I)s
c) m=(BT/BC)2 (C/I)s d) m=√BT/BC/2/3(C/I)s
20) If δ is probability of signal being below specific threshold ( at receiver ) level μ is
probability of the signal below specific co-channel interference level then formula of dropped
call site is given below
a) (1+8) (1-μ) b)(1+8)2 (1-μ) c) (1+8) (1-μ)
2 d) (1-8) (1-μ)
KEY:
1d 2d 3a 4b 5c 6b 7b 8b 9a 10 a 11a 12b 13a 14a 15 d 16 a 17 b 18a 19 a 20 d
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 183
5.11 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS:
OBJECTIVES:
To meet the challenge of ensuring excellence in engineering education, the issue of quality
needs to be addressed, debated and taken forward in a systematic manner. Accreditation is
the principal means of quality assurance in higher education. The major emphasis of
accreditation process is to measure the outcomes of the program that is being accredited.
In line with this, we have taken a lead in incorporating philosophy of outcome based
education in the process of problem solving and career development. So, all students of the
institute should understand the depth and approach of course to be taught through this
question bank, which will enhance learner’s learning process.
UNIT-I
S. No
Question
Blooms
Taxonomy Level
Course
Outcome
Tutorial – I
1 Discuss the Limitations of conventional mobile telephone systems Level 2 E
2 Explain the basic cellular system Level 2 I
3 Define Fading Level 1 H
4 Classify Types of small scale fading Level 3 N
5 Distinguish Time dispersion and freq selective parameters Level 4 E
6 Define frequency reuse Level 1 I
7 Explain the Concept of frequency reuse Level 2 E
8 Demonstrate Co-channel Interference Reduction Factor Level 2 N
9 Classify Cell splitting, Sectoring, Microcell zone concept Level 3 E
10 Distinguish Cell splitting, Sectoring Level 4 I
UNIT-II
S. No
Question
Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Tutorial – II
1 Define Interference Level 1 E
2 Discuss the Measurement of real time Co-Channel interference Level 2 B
3 Design of Antenna system Level 6 H
4 Classify Diversity techniques Level 2 K
5 Distinguish Space and time diversity Level 4 E
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 184
6 Define Interference Level 1 E
7 Explain Non Co channel interference Level 2 K
8 Discuss the Adjacent channel interference Level 2 E
9 What is Near end- far end interference Level 1 A
10 Distinguish Co channel and non co channel interference Level 4 E
UNIT-III
S. No
Question Blooms
Taxonomy Level
Course
Outcome
Tutorial – III
1 How point to point prediction model is obtained Level 1 A
2 Explain Signal reflections in flat and hilly terrain Level 2 C
3 Why there is Constant standard deviation Level 1 K
4 Define Cross talk Level 1 C
5 Point of merits of Lee model Level 4 A
6 How Coverage-Omni directional antennas Level 1 B
7 Explain Interference reduction- directional antennas for interference
reduction Level 2 E
8 Discuss Umbrella pattern antennas Level 2 B
9 Find Minimum separation of cell site antennas Level 1 E
10 Distinguish Sum and difference patterns and their synthesis Level 4 B
UNIT-IV
S. No
Question
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcom
e
Tutorial – IV
1 What are sectorization and over laid cells Level 1 K
2 Explain Access channel, Paging channel Level 2 K
3 Relate channel sharing and borrowing Level 2 H
4 Explain about numbering and grouping of channels Level 2 K
5 Distinguish between Fixed channel and Non Fixed Channel Assignments Level 4 K
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 185
UNIT-V
S. No
Question Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Tutorial – V
1 Explain intersystem handoff Level 5 A
2 Conclude Mobile Assisted handoff, Delaying handoff Level 5 A
3 Determine the number of handoffs per call Level 4 A
4 Discuss about handoff Level 6 A
5 Classify different types of handoffs Level 4 A
5.13 ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS:
UNIT-I
S.
No
Question Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Assignment – I
1 Explain about the general description of the system Level 2 E
2 Discuss about planning of cellular system in detail Level 2 I
3 Define Fading Level 1 H
4 Classify Types of small scale fading Level 3 N
5 Illustrate Doppler spread and coherence time Level 3 E
6 Solve the maximum no of calls per hour per call Level 1 I
7 With the help of neat diagram explain the N cell reuse pattern for four,
seven cell reuse Level 2 E
8 Explain the co-channel interference reduction factor and derive the
general formula for C/L Level 2 N
9 Discuss frequency reuse distance Level 2 E
10 Illustrate Microcell zone concept Level 3 I
UNIT-II
S. No
Question
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Assignment – II
1 Define co-channel interference? Level 1 E
2 Explain co –channel interference which effects at a cell site. Level 2 B
3 Explain how co-channel interference is measured in real time mobile
radio transceivers? Level 2 H
4 Compare co-channel interference performance of a directional antenna Level 2 K
5 Relate Antenna parameters and their effects Level 2 E
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 186
6 From the signal coverage point of view explain ground incident angle,
elevation angle, ground reflection and reflection point. Level 2 E
7 What is point to point predication model? Level 2 K
8 Explain the effects of due to human made structures. Level 2 E
9 Why there is constant standard deviation along a path loss curve? Level 1 A
10 Define Cross talk Level 1 E
UNIT-III
S. No
Question
Blooms
Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Assignment – III
1 What do you understand by engineering antenna pattern? Explain the
corresponding Level 1 A
2 Explain the Path loss from a point to point prediction model in
different conditions, merits of Lee model. Level 2 C
3 Explain the antenna arrangement of spare diversity used at cell site. Level 2 K
4 Illustrate Phase difference between direct and reflected paths Level 2 C
5 Interpret merits of Lee model Level 2 A
6 Discus the concept of Minimum separation of cell site antennas Level 6 B
7 Write about Space diversity antennas Level 2 E
8 Explain Sum and difference patterns and their synthesis. Level 2 B
9 What are the different techniques to utilize the frequency spectrum,
explain with brief Level 1 E
10 Define Omni directional antennas Level 1 B
UNIT-IV
S. No
Question
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
Course
Outcome
Assignment – IV
1 Explain the grouping of the voice, setup and paging channels. Level 2 K
2 Explain the channel assignment to the cell sites based on the adjacent
channels. Level 2 K
3 Relate channel sharing and borrowing Level 2 H
4 Develop a procedure to allot the channels for the travelling mobile
units Level 3 K
5 Demonstrate Non fixed channel assignment Level 1 K
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 187
UNIT-V
S. No Question
Blooms
Taxonomy Level
Course
Outcome
Assignment – V
1 What is handoff? Level 1 A
2 Explain different types of handoff. Level 2 A
3 Relate Mobile Assisted handoff, Delaying handoff Level 2 A
4 Why hand off is necessary for cellular systems? Determine the two types of handoffs
Level 1 A
5 What is meant by hard handoff? Level 1 A
Blooms Taxonomy Level
Discuss Level 6
Explain Level 2
Define Level 1
Demonstrate Level 2
Develop Level 6
Discuss Level 6
What Level 1
Why Level 1
Relate Level 1
Interpret Level 2
Illustrate Level 2
Compare Level 4
Solve Level 6
Classify Level 2
Distinguish Level 4
How Level 1
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 188
PROGRAMME: B.Tech ECE
AC:YEAR: 2018-2019
DEGREE: B.TECH IV YEAR
COURSE: EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
DESIGN
SEMESTER: I CREDITS: 4
COURSE COORDINATOR: Mr.K.Sandeep
Kumar
COURSE CODE: A70440
REGULATION:R15
COURSE TYPE: ELECTIVE-II
COURSE AREA/DOMAIN: ECE CONTACT HOURS: 4 hours/Week.
CORRESPONDING LAB COURSE CODE
: NILL
LAB COURSE NAME: NILL
6.1 COURSE OVERVIEW:
This course on Embedded systems will first the students to the fundamental requirements of embedded
systems and the interaction between hardware and software in such systems. Next the course will
discuss some basic steps of hardware design, introduce to ASIPs, ASICs and FPGAs. Since many of the
embedded systems will have real time constraints, basic issues of real time operating systems will be
discussed. This will be followed by formal specification models and languages, mapping the specification
to hardware and software Components along with decisions on design tradeoffs and hardware software
partitioning.
6.2 PRE-REQUISITES:
C.CODE COURSE NAME DESCRIPTION SEM
1 Switching Theory and Logical
Design
Good Logic thinking skills, Concepts of
Number Systems, RAM, ROM II-I
2
COMPUTER
ORGANIZATION &
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Knowledge of communicating with I/O
devices and Operating system III-I
3 Micro Processors & Micro
Controllers Knowledge of Processors and Controllers III-II
6.3 MARKS DISTRIBUTION:
Session Marks University End
Exam Marks
Total
Marks
Mid Semester Test
There shall be two midterm examinations.
Each midterm examination consists of subjective type and
objective type tests.
The subjective test is for 10 marks of 60 minutes duration.
75 100
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 189
Subjective test of shall contain 4 questions; the student has
to answer 2 questions, each carrying 5 marks.
The objective type test is for 10 marks of 20 minutes
duration. It consists of 10 multiple choice and 10 objective
type questions, the student has to answer all the questions
and each carries half mark.
First midterm examination shall be conducted for the first
two and half units of syllabus and second midterm
examination shall be conducted for the remaining portion.
Assignment
Five marks are earmarked for assignments.
There shall be two assignments in every theory course.
Marks shall be awarded considering the average of two
assignments in each course.
6.4 EVALUATION SCHEME:
S. No Component Duration Marks
1 I Mid Examination 80minutes 20
2 I Assignment - 5
3 II Mid Examination 80minutes 20
4 II Assignment - 5
5 External Examination 3 hours 75
6.5 COURSE OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES:
Course Objectives Course Outcomes Blooms Level
Understand the basics of an embedded
system.
Understand and Design Embedded
Systems
BL1,2
Understand concepts of programming
embedded systems
Understand the internal architecture and
operation of advanced microcontrollers
BL 1,2,4
To learn the method of designing an
Embedded system for any type of
applications.
Understand types of Memory and
Interfacing to External world.
BL 1,2,3
To understand Operating Systems
Concepts, types and choosing RTOS
Learn basics of OS and RTOS BL 1,2,5
Design, implement and Test Embedded
system.
Understand Embedded firmware design
approaches
BL 3,5,6
BLOOMS LEVEL (BL)
BL 1: Remember / knowledge BL2: Understanding BL3: Apply
BL 4: Analyze BL 5: Evaluate BL 6: Create
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 190
6.6 HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:
Program Outcomes Level Proficiency
assessed by
Blooms
Level
A An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science
and engineering S
Solving
Gate and
Text book
Problems
APPLY
B An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as
to analyze and interpret data S
Solving
Gate and
Text book
Problems
APPLY
C
An ability to design a system, component, or process to
meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as
economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health
and safety, manufacturability and sustainability.
H
Assignment
and
Gate
questions
Apply and
Analyze
D An ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering
problems. S
Class Test
& Group
Activity
Apply
E An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern
engineering tools necessary for engineering practice. S
Mini and
Micro
Projects
Apply
F
An ability to understand the special duty they owe to
protect the public’s health, safety and welfare by virtue of
their professional status as engineers in society.
N -- --
G
An ability to understand and correctly interpret the impact
of engineering solutions in global, societal and
environmental contexts and demonstrate the knowledge of
a need for sustainable development.
H
Mini /
Micro
Projects
and GATE
questions
Analyze
and Justify
H An understanding of professional and ethical
responsibility. N -- --
I
An ability to function effectively as an individual, and as
a member or leader in diverse teams, and in
multidisciplinary settings.
S Class Test
& Seminar Analyze
J
An ability to communicate effectively on complex
engineering activities with the engineering community
and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentations, give and
receive clear instructions.
S Seminars Understand
& Analyze
K
An ability to demonstrate knowledge and understanding
of the engineering finance and management principles as
a member and leader in a team to manage projects in
multi-disciplinary environments.
S
Mini and
Micro
Projects
Apply
L Recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in
life-long analyzing. S
Group
Activity Analyze
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 191
M
An ability to design and implement projects in the areas
including Signal Processing, Microwaves,
Communication Systems, IC Technology and Embedded
Systems.
H
Mini and
Micro
Projects
Apply
N
An ability to use knowledge in various domains to
identify research gaps and hence to provide solution to
new ideas and innovations.
S Seminars &
Projects
Analyze &
Apply
N = None S = Supportive H = Highly Related
6.7 SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I:
Introduction to Embedded Systems: Definition of Embedded system, Embedded systems vs General
Computing Systems, History of Embedded systems, Classification, Major Application Areas, Purpose of
Embedded systems, Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Embedded systems.
UNIT-II
Typical Embedded System: Core of Embedded system: General Purpose and Domain Specific Processors,
ASICs, PLDs, Commercial Off-The-Shelf components (COTS), Memory: ROM, RAM, Memory according
to the type of Interface, Memory Shadowing, Memory Selection for Embedded systems, Sensors and
Actuators, Communication Interface: Onboard and External Communication Interfaces.
UNIT-III
Embedded Firmware: Reset Circuit, Brown-out Protection Circuit, Oscillator Unit, Real Time Clock,
Watchdog Timer, Embedded Firmware Design Approaches and Development Languages
UNIT-IV
RTOS Based Embedded System Design: Operating System Basics, Types of Operating Systems, Tasks,
Process and Threads, Multiprocessing and Multitasking, Task Scheduling
UNIT-V:
Task Communication: Shared Memory, Message Passing, Remote Procedure Call and Sockets,
Task Synchronization: Task Communications/ Synchronization Issues, Tasks Synchronization Techniques,
Device Drivers, How to Choose an RTOS
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 192
TEXT BOOK:
3. Introduction to Embedded Systems – Shibu K.V, Mc Graw Hill
REFERENCE BOOKS:
8. Embedded Systems – Raj Kamal, TMH.
9. Embedded Systems Design – Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis, John Wiley.
10. Embedded Systems – Lyla, Pearson 2013.
11. An Embedded Software Primer – David E. Simon, Pearson Education.
6.8 COURSE PLAN:
Lectur
e
Numbe
r
Unit Topics to be Covered Reference
1-2 I Introduction to Embedded Systems: Definition of
Embedded system A1,A3
3 I Embedded systems vs General Computing Systems A1,A3
4-5 I History of Embedded systems A1,A3
6-7 I Classification A1,A3
8 I Major Application Areas A1,A3
9 I Purpose of Embedded systems A1,A3
10-11 I Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Embedded systems A1,A3
12 I Revision A1,A3
13 II Typical Embedded System: Core of Embedded system A1,A3
14 II General Purpose and Domain Specific Processors A1,A3
15-17 II ASICs A1,A3
18-19 II PLDs A1,A3
20 II Commercial Off-The-Shelf components (COTS) A1,A3
21 II Memory: ROM A1,A3
22 II Memory: RAM A1,A3
23 II Memory according to the type of Interface A1,A3
24 II Memory Shadowing A1,A3
25 II Memory Selection for Embedded systems A1,A3
26 II Sensors and Actuators A1,A3
27 II Communication Interface A1,A3
28 II Onboard Communication Interfaces A1,A3
29 II External Communication Interfaces A1,A3
30 II Revision A1,A3
31 III Embedded Firmware A1,A3
32-33 III Reset Circuit A1,A3
34-35 III Brown-out Protection Circuit A1,A3
36-37 III Oscillator Unit A1,A3
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 193
38-39 III Real Time Clock A1,A3
40-41 III Watchdog Timer A1,A3
42-45 III Embedded Firmware Design Approaches and Development
Languages A1,A3
46 III Revision A1,A3
47 IV RTOS Based Embedded System Design A2
48 IV Operating System Basics A2
49 IV Types of Operating Systems A2
50 IV Tasks A2
51-52 IV Process and Threads A2
53-54 IV Multiprocessing and Multimasking A2
55-56 IV Task Scheduling A2
57 IV Revision A2
58 V Task Communication: Shared Memory A2
59 V Message Passing A2
60 V Remote Procedure Call and Sockets A2
61-62 V Task Synchronization: Task Communications/
Synchronization Issues A2
63 V Tasks Synchronization Techniques A2
64 V Device Drivers A2
65-66 V How to Choose an RTOS A2
67 V Revision A2
6.9 MAPPING COURSE OBJECTIVES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF PROGRAM
OUTCOMES:
Course Objective Course Outcomes
a b c d e
I S
II S S
III H
IV H S
V S
S= Supportive H= Highly Related
6.10 MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF PROGRAM
OUTCOMES:
Course Outcomes Program Outcomes
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n
a S
b S S S S S
c S S
d S S S H S
e S S S S S S
S= Supportive H= Highly Related
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 194
6.11 QUESTION BANK:
Unit-I
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
GROUP – A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
S.No Question Blooms Taxonomy Level
1. Define a System. With examples? Understand
2. Discuss an embedded system? Understand
3. Write the advantages of embedded system? Apply
4. Write the disadvantages of embedded system? Understand
5. Give the applications of an embedded system? Understand
6. Describe various classifications of embedded systems? Remember
7. Give two essential units of a processor on an embedded system? Apply
8. Analyze the execution unit of a processor in an embedded
system do? Apply
9. Give the classification of embedded system? Apply
10. Discuss the various embedded system requirements? Understand
11. Give examples for small scale embedded systems? Apply
12. Give examples for medium scale embedded systems? Apply
13. Give examples for large scale embedded systems? Apply
14. Define is the operational quality attribute? Understand
15. Define is the non-operational quality attribute? Understand
GROUP - B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1. What is an embedded system? Explain the different applications
of embedded systems? Remember
2. Explain the various purposes of embedded systems in detail with
illustrative examples? Understand
3. Explain the different classifications of embedded systems. Give Evaluate
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 195
an example for each?
4. Explain the different characteristics of embedded systems in
detail? Understand
5. Explain quality attribute in the embedded system development
context? Remember
6. What are the different qualities attributes to be considered in an
embedded system design? Understand
7.
What is the operational quality attribute? Explain the important
operational quality attributes to be considered in any embedded
system design?
Understand
8.
What is the non-operational quality attribute? Explain the
important operational quality attributes to be considered in any
embedded system?
Understand
9. Explain the quality attribute Response in the embedded system
design context? Evaluate
10. Explain the quality attribute Throughput in the embedded
system design context? Evaluate
11. Explain the quality attribute Reliability in the embedded system
design context? Evaluate
12. Explain the quality attribute maintainability in the embedded
system design context? Evaluate
13. Explain the quality attribute information security in the
embedded system design context? Evaluate
14. Explain the quality attribute safety in the embedded system
design context? Evaluate
15. Explain the quality attribute portability in the embedded system
design context? Evaluate
GROUP - C (PROBLEM SOLVING &ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 Give examples for general purpose processor? Remember
2 Describe embedded cores? Understand
3 Explain the real life example on the bonding of embedded
technology with human life? Analyze
4 Discuss about the product life cycle of an embedded product
development? Evaluate
UNIT-II
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 196
TYPICAL EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Group – A (Short Answer Questions)
1 Describe the components used as the core of an embedded
system? Understand
2 Give the difference between microprocessor and
microcontroller? Understand
3 Define is digital signal processing (DSP)? Understand
4 Define is processor architecture? Understand
5 Define programmable logic device? Understand
6 Write the difference between RISC and CISC processors? Analyze
7 Write the difference between PLD and ASIC? Analyze
8 Write the difference between masked ROM and OTP? Analyze
9 Discuss the different types of RAM used for embedded system
design? Apply
10 Define SRAM cell? Understand
11 Define DRAM cell? Understand
12 Define Relay? What are the different types of relays are
available? Understand
13 Define is PPI device? Understand
14 Write is the difference between I2C and SPI communication
interface? Analyze
15 Write the merits and limitations of the RS232 interface? Evaluate
16 Write the merits and limitations of the IEEE1394 interface over
USB? Understand
GROUP – B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Explain the components of typical embedded systems in detail? Evaluate
2 Which are the components used as the core of an embedded
systems? Explain the merits and drawbacks? Understand
3
What is the difference between microprocessor and
microcontroller? Explain the role of micro processors and micro
controllers in embedded systems?
Understand
4 What is digital signal processing (DSP)? Explain the role of Evaluate
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 197
DSP in embedded system design?
5
What is processor architecture? What is the different processor
architectures available processor/controller design? Give an
example
Evaluate
6 What is programmable logic device? What are different types of
PLDs? Explain the role of PLDs in embedded system design? Understand
7 What are the different types of memories used in embedded
systems design? Explain the role of each? Analyze
8 What are the different types of memories used for program
storage in embedded systems design? Analyze
9 What are the advantages of FLASH over other program storage
memory in Embedded system design? Understand
10 What is sensor? Explain its role in embedded system design?
Illustrate with an example? Evaluate
11 What is actuator? Explain its role in embedded system design?
Illustrate with an example? Evaluate
12 Explain the different factor that needs to be considering in the
selection of memory for embedded system? Apply
13 What are differences between general purpose processor and
application specific instruction set processors with an example? Understand
14
Explain the on different onboard communication interface in
brief? Explain the on different external communication interface
in brief?
Apply
15 Explain the sequence of operation for communicating with an
I2C slave device? Apply
16 Explain the RS 232 serial interface in detail? Apply
GROUP - C (PROBLEM SOLVING &ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1
Draw the interfacing diagram for connecting an LED to the port
pin of a microcontroller. The LED is turned ON when the
microcontroller port pin is at Logic 0.
Apply
2 Explain the sequence of operation for communicating with 1
wire slave device. Evaluate
3 Write a C program to interface 7 segment LED display to
microcontroller 8051? Apply
4 Write a C program to interfacing matrix keyboard to Apply
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 198
microcontroller 8051?
UNIT-III
Embedded Firmware
GROUP - A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Define Assembly Level Language? Remember
2 Discuss about format of the assembly level language? Remember
3 What is absolute object file? Understand
4 Write the difference between compiler and cross compiler? Understand
5 Define inline assembly? Analyze
6 Give the limitations of the high level language based development? Analyze
7 Write short notes on Linker and Locater? Understand
8 Discuss about the object to hex file converter? Understand
9 Define embedded firmware? Understand
10 Define super loop model design in embedded firmware design? Understand
11 Discuss briefly about approachment of embedded operating system? Analyze
12 What is mean by mnemonics? Give the example? Understand
13 Distinguish between the assembly language and machine language? Analyze
14 What are the assembler directive instructions? Give example? Understand
15 What are the drawbacks of the assembly language based development? Analyze
16 What is the process to perform the translation of assembly to machine
code? Understand
17 Define the functionality of cross compiler conversion? Understand
18 What are the steps are require in firmware execution flow? Understand
19 Write the examples of RTOS employed in embedded product
development? Understand
20 Define Watch Dog Timer? Understand
21 Write brief notes on Library file creation and usage? Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 199
22 Define general purpose operating system? Give the example Understand
23 Define RTOS? Give the example? Understand
24 Distinguish between the general purpose operating system and real
time operating system? Analyze
25 Compare between the assembly level and high level languages based
development? Analyze
26 Compare between the mixing assembly with high level and mixing
high level languages with assembly? Analyze
GROUP - B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 What is embedded firmware? What are the different approaches
available for embedded firmware development?. Understand
2 Explain the role of RESET circuit in embedded system Analyze
3 Explain the role of Real Time Clock in embedded system Analyze
4 Explain the role of Watch dog Timer in embedded system Evaluate
5 Explain the role of Brown out protection circuit in embedded system Evaluate
6 Explain the various steps involved in the assembling of an assembly
language program? Evaluate
7 Explain the advantages of Assembly level language based on
embedded firmware development? Evaluate
8 Explain the high level language based on embedded firmware
development technique? Apply
9 Explain about source file to object file translation in the assembly
language based development? Apply
10 Explain about library file creation and usage in the assembly language
based development? Evaluate
11 Write the advantages and drawbacks of assembly language based
development? Understand
12 Write the advantages and limitations of high language based
development? Understand
13 Explain about mixing assembly with high level language (assembly
language with C)? Apply
14 Explain about mixing high level language with assembly (C with Apply
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 200
assembly language)?
GROUP – C (PROBLEM SOLVING &ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 Give the examples for situations demanding mixing of C with
assembly? Explain the techniques for mixing of C with assembly? Apply
2 Give the examples for situations demanding mixing of assembly with
C? Explain the techniques for mixing assembly with C? Apply
UNIT-IV
RTOS Based Embedded System Design
GROUP - A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Define is an operating system. Understand
2 Define kernel? Understand
3 Discuss about kernel space and user space? Understand
4 Define monolithic and micro kernel? Understand
5 Define task control block? Understand
6 Define virtual memory? Understand
7 Analyze how accurate time management is achieved in real time
kernel? Analyze
8 Define process life cycle? Understand
9 Define process control block? Understand
Analyze how threads and process are related? Analyze
10 Give the difference between threads and process in detail? Understand
11 Give the comparison between multitasking, multiprogramming, multi
processing? Analyze
12 Discuss all activates are involved in the context switching? Evaluate
13 Define task scheduling? Understand
14 Explain the different queues are associated with process scheduling? Evaluate
GROUP – B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 What is kernel? What are the different functions handled by a general
purpose kernel? Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 201
2 What is the difference between a general purpose kernel and real time
kernel? Give an example for both? Analyze
3 Explain the difference between memory management of general
purpose kernel and real time kernel? Understand
4 Explain how accurate time management is achieved in real time
kernel? Apply
5 Explain the TASK and Process in the operating system context? Apply
6 Explain the memory architecture of a process? Evaluate
7 Explain various activities involved in the creation of process and
threads? Evaluate
8 What is process control block (PCB)? Explain the structure of the PCB Understand
9 What is task control block (TCB)? Explain the structure of the TCB Understand
10 Explain how Threads and process are related? what are the common to
process and threads? Apply
11 Explain how multithreading can improve the performance of an
application with an illustrative example? Apply
12 Explain thread context switch and the various activities performed in
thread context switching for user level and kernel level threads Analyze
13 What all activities are involved in context switching? Understand
14 Explain the different multitasking models in the operating system
context? Analyze
15 Explain the various factors to be considered for the selection of
scheduling criteria? Apply
16 Explain the different types of non-preemptive scheduling algorithms?
State the merits and demerits of each? Understand
17 Explain the different types of preemptive scheduling algorithms? State
the merits and demerits of each? Understand
18 Explain Round Robin (RR) process scheduling with interrupts? Apply
19 Explain starvation in the process scheduling context? Explain how it
can be effectively tackled? Apply
20 What is IDLEPROCESS? What is the significance of it in the process
scheduling context? Apply
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 202
GROUP - C (PROBLEM SOLVING &ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 What is the difference between Hard and Soft real time systems? Give
an example for Hard and Soft real time kernels? Analyze
2 Explain how Threads and process are related? What are the common to
process and threads? Evaluate
UNIT- V
Task Communication
GROUP – A (SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Define deadlock? Understand
2 Discuss about Coffman conditions? Understand
3 Discuss about the different methods of handling deadlocks? Apply
4 Give the difference between buffer over run and buffer under run? Analyze
5 Define task synchronization? Understand
6 Give the difference between mutex and semaphores? Evaluate
7 Analyze the critical section problem? Analyze
8 Define device driver? Understand
9 Discuss about the sleep and wakeup mechanism for mutual exclusion Apply
10 What is Inter process communication? Understand
11 What is mean by test and set lock? Understand
12 Define semaphore? Understand
13 Define message passing? Understand
14 Define shared memory? Understand
15 What is mean by remote procedure call? Understand
GROUP – B (LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS)
1 Explain the various process interaction models in detail? Analyze
2 What is inter process communication (IPC)? Give an overview of
different IPC mechanisms adopted by various operating systems? Evaluate
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 203
3 Explain The message passing technique for IPC. What are the merits
and demerits of message based IPC? Analyze
4 Explain the synchronous and asynchronous messaging mechanisms for
IPC under windows kernel? Apply
5 What is priority inversion? What are the different techniques adopted
for handling priority inversion? Understand
6 Explain the different task communication synchronization issues
encountered in inter process communication? Evaluate
7 What is mutual exclusion in the process synchronization context?
Explain the different mechanisms for mutual exclusion? Understand
8 Explain the interlocked functions for locked based mutual under
windows OS Analyze
9 What is semaphore? Explain the different types of semaphores. Where
it is used? Understand
10 Explain the semaphore based process synchronization under windows
OS Understand
11 What is critical section? What are the different techniques for
controlling access to critical section? Evaluate
12 Explain the event and event object based synchronization mechanism
for IPC Windows OS Understand
13 Explain the architecture of Device drivers Evaluate
GROUP – C (PROBLEM SOLVING &ANALYTICAL QUESTIONS)
1 Explain the critical section object for process synchronization? Why
critical section object is based synchronization fast? Analyze
2 Explain the different functional and non-functional requirements that
needs to be evaluated in the selection of RTOS Apply
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 204
6.12 ASSIGNMENT TOPICS:
UNIT-I Introduction to Embedded Systems
S. No Questions
Blooms Taxonomy
Level
1. What is an embedded system? Explain the different applications of embedded systems? Remember
2.
Explain the various purposes of embedded systems in detail with
illustrative examples? Understand
3.
Explain the different classifications of embedded systems. Give an
example for each? Evaluate
4. Explain the different characteristics of embedded systems in detail?
Understand
5.
What are the different qualities attributes to be considered in an
embedded system design? Understand
6.
What is the operational quality attribute? Explain the important
operational quality attributes to be considered in any embedded system
design?
Understand
7.
What is the non-operational quality attribute? Explain the important
operational Understand
quality attributes to be considered in any embedded system
8.
Explain the quality attribute Response in the embedded system design
context? Evaluate
9.
a. Explain the quality attribute Reliability in the embedded system
design context?
Evaluate
b. Explain the quality attribute maintainability in the embedded system
design context?
10.
a. Explain the quality attribute information security in the embedded
system design context?
Evaluate
b. Explain the quality attribute safety in the embedded system design
context?
UNIT II
TYPICAL EMBEDDED SYSTEM
1.
Which are the components used as the core of an embedded
systems? Explain the merits and drawbacks? Understand
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 205
2.
What is digital signal processing (DSP)? Explain the role of DSP in
embedded system design? Evaluate
3.
Evaluate
4.
Understand
5.
What are the different types of memories used in embedded systems
design? Explain the role of each? Analyze
6.
What is processor architecture? What is the different processor
architectures available processor/controller design? Give an example Evaluate
7.
What is programmable logic device? What are different types of PLDs?
Explain the role of PLDs in embedded system design? Evaluate
8.
a. Explain the on different onboard communication interface in brief?
Apply
b. Explain the on different external communication interface in brief?
9.
Explain the sequence of operation for communicating with an I2C slave
device? Apply
10.
Draw the interfacing diagram for connecting an LED to the port pin of a
microcontroller. The LED is turned ON when the microcontroller port pin
is at Logic 0. Apply
11.
Explain the sequence of operation for communicating with 1 wire slave
device Evaluate
UNIT- III
EMBEDDED FIRMWARE
1.
What is embedded firmware? What are the different approaches
available for embedded firmware development? Understand
2. Explain the role of RESET circuit in embedded system Analyze
3. Explain the role of Real Time Clock in embedded system Analyze
4. Explain the role of Watch dog Timer in embedded system Evaluate
5. Explain the role of Brown out protection circuit in embedded system Evaluate
6.
Explain the various steps involved in the assembling of an assembly
language program? Evaluate
7.
Explain the advantages of Assembly level language based on
embedded firmware development? Evaluate
8.
Explain the high level language based on embedded firmware
development technique? Apply
9. Give the examples for situations demanding mixing of C with Apply
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 206
assembly? Explain the techniques for mixing of C with assembly?
10.
Give the examples for situations demanding mixing of assembly
with C? Explain the techniques for mixing assembly with C? Apply
UNIT- IV
RTOS BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN
1.
What is the difference between a general purpose kernel and real
time kernel? Give an example for both? Analyze
2.
Explain the difference between memory management of general
purpose kernel and real time kernel?
Understand
3. Explain the TASK and Process in the operating system context?
Apply
4. Explain the memory architecture of a process?
Evaluate
5.
Explain various activities involved in the creation of process and
threads? Evaluate
6.
What is process control block (PCB)? Explain the structure of the
PCB Understand
7. What is task control block (TCB)? Explain the structure of the TCB Understand
8.
Explain how multithreading can improve the performance of an
application with an illustrative example? Apply
9.
Explain thread context switch and the various activities performed
in thread context switching for user level and kernel level threads Analyze
10.
Explain the various factors to be considered for the selection of
scheduling criteria? Apply
11.
Explain the different types of non-preemptive scheduling
algorithms? State the merits and demerits of each? Understand
12.
Explain the different types of preemptive scheduling algorithms?
State the merits and demerits of each? Understand
13.
What is the difference between Hard and Soft real time systems?
Give an example for Hard and Soft real time kernels?
Analyze
UNIT-V
TASK COMMUNICATION
1. Explain the various process interaction models in detail?
Analyze
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 207
2.
What is inter process communication (IPC)? Give an overview of different
IPC mechanisms adopted by various operating systems? Evaluate
3.
Explain the synchronous and asynchronous messaging mechanisms for
IPC under windows kernel? Apply
4.
What is priority inversion? What are the different techniques adopted for
handling priority inversion? Understand
5.
Explain the different task communication synchronization issues
encountered in inter process communication? Evaluate
6.
Explain the interlocked functions for locked based mutual under windows
OS? Analyze
7.
What is semaphore? Explain the different types of semaphores. Where it is
used? Understand
8.
What is critical section? What are the different techniques for controlling
access to critical section? Evaluate
9.
Explain the event and event object based synchronization mechanism for
IPC Windows OS? Understand
10. Explain the architecture of Device drivers?
Evaluate
6.10 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS :
UNIT – I
1. Embedded Systems consists of __________ and _____________ to perform task.
(Hardware and Software)
2. The early advent of embedded systems were designed using ___________. (Vacuum Tubes)
3. ______________ was the first modern embedded system (Apollo Guidance Computer)
4. Stepper motor control unit is _________________ generation embedded system. (First)
5. Embedded System are classified into ______________ and ___________ based on triggering.
(Event triggered and Edge Triggered)
6. ____________ directly collect the data without any interface. (Digital Embedded System)
7. TCP/IP is a ____________ module for communication with embedded terminal. (wired)
8. The unit of throughput is termed as ______________ (Benchmark)
9. ____________ give susceptibility of system to failures and performance. (Reliability)
10. ___________________ of an embedded system refer to its ability of upgrading to new version.
(Evolvability)
11. Which of the following is the purpose of designing embedded system [ ]
a) Data Processing b) Control
c) Data Communication d) All the above
12. Which of the following is not characteristic of embedded system [ ]
a) Application and domain specific b) Reactive and Real time
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 208
c) Reconfigurable OS d) Power concerns
13. The first modern embedded system, AGC was designed for ________ expedition[ ]
a) Mars b)Lunar c)Solar d) Venus
14. The world logic of AGC is [ ]
a) 16 bit b) 32 bit c) 64 bit d) 128 bit
15. The example of 3rd
generation embedded system is [ ]
a) Digital Telephone b) SCADA system
c) Robotics d) Mobile internet Devices
16. ___________ can be defined as the transmission of analog or digital data to various systems
17. from one system [ ]
a) Data Collection b) Data Communication c) Control d) Data Processing
18. The agility and quickness of a system in reacting to input changes is termed[ ]
a) Response b) Reliability c) Distributive d) Safety
19. The ideal value of maintainability in embedded system is expressed as [ ]
a) Ai = MTTR/MTBF b) Ai= MTTR/(MTBF+MTTR)
c) Ai= MTBF/MTTR d) Ai= MTBF/(MTBF+MTTR)
20. The quality attribute that refers how easily a system adopts to new working environment
[ ]
a) Evolvability b) Reliability c) Portability d) Maintainability
21. At which stage of product life cycle, the revenue reaches its peak [ ]
a) Product maturity b) Growth c) Product declination d) Product introduction
UNIT – II
1. Programmable logic devices are classified as _________ and __________. (CPLD&FPGA)
2. The order of storage of data in memory by processor in a multiple byte system is called ______
(Endianness)
3. A DRAM cell is made up of ___________ and __________ (MOSFET and Capacitor)
4. ____________ is a program or code storage menroy which is used to store the instructions of th
e program. (ROM)
5. _______ is used to store the date in the form of charge using MOS transistor gates. (DRAM)
6. A transducer device which is used to convert one form of energy (pressure) into another (electrical)
form is known as______________ (Sensor)
7. __________ is used for communication by transferring data in the form of packets aver mobile
communication network. (General Pocket Radio Service - GPRS)
8. __________ is wired high speed serial bus used to transmit data in packet format. (USB)
9. _______ is an output device used for visual indication of status of various signals. (LED)
10. _____________ is wireless short range technology used for data and voice communication. (Bluetooth)
11. Which of the following is not the part of domain specific processor [ ]
a) ASIC b) Micro processor c) Digital Signal Processor d) Micro Controller
12. A Von-Neumann architecture consists of [ ]
a) Program memory, CPU, data memory b) RISC, CPU, memory
c) I/O, CPU, Memory d) Program Memory, CISC, CPU
13. What type of instructions are used in CISC [ ]
a) Binary b) Variable Length c) Fixed Length d) Hexadecimal
14. Which of the following is not the unit of digital signal processor [ ]
a) Program Memory b) RAM c) Data Memory d) I/O Unit
15. Which of the following is not classification of RAM [ ]
a) Dynamic RAM b) Non-Volatile RAM c) Volatile RAM d) Static RAM
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 209
16. The process adopted to solve the problems of execution speed in a processor based system is called
[ ]
a) Memory Shading b) Memory Shadowing
c) Memory Selection d) Memory Interfacing
17. What type of memory is required to store the binary code required for RTOS kernel
[ ]
a) Volatile b) Binary c) Pointer d) Non-Volatile
18. The transducer device which converts an electrical signal into its equivalent physical action is called
[ ]
a) Actuator b) Sensor c) LED Relay d) USB
19. Which devices are used to explain the capabilities of input/output of processor/controller
[ ]
a) PPI b) Piezo Buffer c) SPI d) I2C
20. Which of the following is nor\t the type of product level communication interface[ ]
a) Serial Interface b) Wired Interface c) Peripheral Interface d) Wireless Interface
UNIT-III
1. The Embedded system whose code memory consists of program instructions is known as __________
(Embedded Firmware)
2. _______________ is used to reset the processor during the execution of firmware. (Waychdog timer)
3. ___________ is a user readable notation of machine language. (Assembly Language)
4. In embedded systems, ________ is used to allow the device not to operate at a particular voltage level
when the system is in ON state. (Reset Circuit)
5. ___________ interrupts the OS kernel by generating an interrupt signal on interrupt line of
processor/controller (RTC – Real Time Clock)
6. ‘BL-51’ from keil software is an example for _________. (Linker and Locator)
7. The most commonly used high level language for the development of an embedded firmware is
_________ (C-Language)
8. ____________ is used to convert source file to object file. (Assembler)
9. ___________ monitors other requirements used in high-level language. (Cross-Coupler)
10. ISR stands for ____________. (Interrupt Service Routine)
11. Which of the following generates clock signal for processor/controller [ ]
a) Watchdog timer b) Brown-out Protection Circuit
c) Oscillator Unit d) Real Time Clock
12. The circuit used to protect the processor program execution when operating voltage drops below
threshold level [ ]
a) Reset Circuit b) Brown-out Protection Circuit
c) Timer Circuit d) All of the above
13. What does the letter ‘P’ represents in API [ ]
a) Program b) Peripheral c) Parallel d) Processor
14. ________ based approach is used in embedded products which demand real-time response.
[ ]
a) GPOS b) RTOS c) Both (a) & (b) d) None of the above
15. An Assembly language program line consists of __________ [ ]
a) LABEL b) OPCODE c) OPERAND d) All of the above
16. Which of the following is the RTOS system recourse [ ]
a) Windoiws CE b) Vx Works c) Symbian d) All of the above
17. _____________ is used to give instructions to processor [ ]
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 210
a) LABEL b) OPCODE c) OPERAND d) None of the above
18. Which of the following represents the reference to the start of subroutine [ ]
a) Delay b) LCALL DELAY c) LABEL DELAY d) Any of the above
19. What are the advantages of Assembly Language based development [ ]
a) High Performance b) Low Level Hardware access
c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of the above
20. ALP programming is ___________ [ ]
a) Portable b) Non-Portable c) Either (a) or (b) d) Neither (a) nor (b)
UNIT-IV
1. ___________ acts as an abstraction layer between system resources and user applications. (Kernel)
2. The advantages of micro kernel are ___________ and __________ (Robustness & Configurability)
3. The interrupt of timer is called __________ (Timer tick)
4. ____________ and __________ are two types of kernel. (Monolithic & micro)
5. ____________ is a process that posses a single sequential flow ofcontrol to execute the code. (Thread)
6. If the process is _________ then it switches to ‘Ready’ state from ‘Running’ state. (Preempted)
7. The model that represents the mapping of multiple user threads to a signle kernel thread is called
___________. (Many-to-one Model)
8. The act of concurrent execution of multiple thread under an operating system is called________ (Multi
threading)
9. In _____________ scheduling the last entered process is serviced first. (LCFS or LIFO)
10. The multitasking technique in which the CPU is shared co-operatively among the tasks is called
_______________ (Co-operative multitasking)
11. Which of the following is an example for micro kernel [ ]
a) LINUX b) Minix3 c) SOLARIS d) MS-DOS
12. The TASK ID present in process management is used for [ ]
a) Identification of task b) Indication of task
c) Indicate the priority d) Indication of pointers
13. Which type of data is stored in stack memory [ ]
a) Code data b) Global data c) Temporary data d) Permanent data
14. The execution of process life cycle is controlled by [ ]
a) Operating system b) Stack pointer c) Program memory d) Code memory
15. What are software entities that can share memory and execute concurrently [ ]
a) Processors b) Controllers c) Operators d) Threads
16. The process responsible for determining the order in which various tasks are taken up for
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 211
17. execution depending on priority is called [ ]
a) Priority ordering b) Task Scheduling c) Task order d) Waiting Time
18. The process of executing multiple process simultaneously is called as [ ]
a) Multitasking b) Multiprocessing c) Multithreading d) Non of the above
19. In which multitasking, the task executes until it gets terminated or enters in wait state for I/O
[ ]
a) Preemptive b) Non Preemptive c) Cooperative d) Scheduled
20. Which of the following is incorrect pair [ ]
a) Job queue-processes in the system b) Device queue-process waiting for the I/O device
c) Ready queue-process waiting for CPU d) None of these
21. Which of the following is a preemptive thread that consists individual units of execution
[ ]
a) Kernel level thread b) System level thread c) Portable thread d) Solaris green thread
UNIT-V
1. Task communication refers to communication and execution of process in ________
(Operating System)
2. __________ a type of shared memory technique used by various RTOS.(Memory mapped object)
3. __________ implementation is OS kernel dependent (Socket)
4. _______________ based mutual exclusion technique combines the three different operations into
5. a single step. (Test and Set Lock - TSL)
6. In order to gain access to the memory-mapped object, a function called ________cis used in either
of the two processes. (Map view of file)
7. ____________ is an inter task communication mechanism that supports two-way communication of
message between tasks or task and ISR. (Message Queue)
8. RPC is also referred as _______________ or ____________ in object oriented programming language.
(Remote invocation or Remote Model Invocation - RMI)
9. The use of a resource by only one process at any time is referred as _________ (Mutual inculsion)
10. Condition in which a process does not get the CPU or system resources that are required to continue
its execution for a long duration is called to ___________ (Starvation)
11. The ___________ mechanism is an alternative to ‘Busy waiting’ mechanism. (Sleep and Wake up)
12. The inter task mechanism that supports two way communication of messages between task and ISR
13. is called [ ]
a) Message queue b) Mail box c) Signaling d) None of these
14. The logic end points in a bi-directional communication link between two applications in a network
15. is called [ ]
a) Socket b) Mapping c) Boarding d) Signaling
16. The area of the shared memory that which consists of two ends for flow of information wither in Uni-
directional or Bi-directional is called [ ]
a) Pipes b) IPC c) Mailbox d) Socket
17. Which of the following is not a message passing technique for IPC [ ]
a) Message queues b) Piping c) Mail box d) Signaling
IV Year ECE Student Handbook Dept of ECE
HITS,BOGARAM(V),KEESARA (M),MEDCHAL(D)-501301 Page 212
18. A binary semaphore is [ ]
a) Binary data dependent b) Kernel independent
c) OS kernel dependent d) Hexadecimal data dependent
19. Which of the following is not the functional requirement of RTOS [ ]
a) Kernel and Interrupt latency b) Modularization Support
c) Processor support d) Debugging tools
20. Process synchronization in IPC plays a major role in which type of communication
[ ]
a) Digital b) Inter Process c) Intra modular d) None of these
21. Which of the following is used for handling priority inversion [ ]
a) Priority inheritance b) Priority inversion c) Priority resource d) Priority Ceiling
22. What are the three operations combined by TSL [ ]
a) Searching, Reading, Testing b) Reading, Testing, Setting
c) Reading, Testing, Sending d) Searching, testing, setting
23. The situation in which one process is waiting for a resource which is currently under the
24. control of same other process [ ]
a) Bound off problem b) Race Condition c) Dead lock d) Interrupt Latency