its ppt. jona

8/3/2019 Its Ppt. Jona

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PRESENTATION TOPIC

TRANSPORT , LOCATION &FUTURE TRANSPORTATION

ByJona Mettleda.X.V


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TRANSPORT & LOCATION

Importance Of Transport In Location

y Transportation is linked with location of socio-economic activities ,retail , manufacturing & services.

y Main goal is to find out suitable location that would maximizeeconomic return.

y Majority of locational theories have an explicit and implicit role

attributed to transport.


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The following observation concerning

transportation modes ,terminals and theirimportance for location can be made.

y Ports & airports. convergence of related activities aroundterminals , particularly for ports since inland distribution costs tendto be high.

y Roads & railroads.A structuring and convergence effect thatvaries according to the level of accessibility. For rail transport,terminals also have a convergence effect.

y Telecommunication. no specific local influence , but the qualityof regional and national telecommunication systems tends to easetransactions.


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Location factorsLocation factors can be subdivided into three general functionalcategories

y Site. Micro-geographical characteristic of site , including theavailability of land , basic utilities , the visibilty , amenities and thenature & access to local transportation. These factors have an effecton cost associated with location.

y Accessibility. Number of opportunity factors related to location ,mainly labor , materials , energy , markets & accessibility to suppliers

and customers. These factors tend to have a meso connotation.y Socio-economicenvironment. Macro-geographical

characteristics tend to apply jurisdictional units. They consideravailability of capital , varied subsidies , regulations , taxation &technology.


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Basic Location Factors

LOCATION

Socio-economicenvironment :

Capital,subsidies,regulations,taxations,

technology


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Some general location factors can be identified by majoreconomic sector :

Primaryeconomic activities.

y Location factor related to environmental endowments.

y Primary activities are characterized by the most basic location

factors but have strong connection to transportation , their locationrarely are close to centers of demand.

y The capacity to transport raw materials plays a significant role in thepossible development of extractive activities at a location.


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Secondaryeconomic activities

y web of location factors depending upon industrial sector , relate tolabor (cost/skill level), energy cost , capital, land, markets &proximity of suppliers. Location is thus an important cost factor(costminimization).

y In wide variety of industrial and manufacturing activities,understanding the rationale of eaxh sector is a difficult task.

y Globalization, development in supply chain management and globalproduction networks have made the situation more complex withsignificant locational changes.


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Tertiaryeconomic activities

y Involves activities that are most bound to markets proximity , thecapacity to sell a product/services is the most important locationrequirement.

y As many of these activities are retail-oriented, consumer proximity

is essential and is directly related to sales levels.the main focus is tomaximize sales revenues.

y E-commerce provides a dynamic , information can easily be tradedand niche retailing markets can be developed in a situation of highproduct diversity.


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Quaternaryeconomic activities

y Activities not linked to environmental endowments or access tomarket, but to high level services (banking, insurance), education,research and development; dominantly the high technology sector.

y Locational requirement for high technology activities that include

proximity to large universities and research centres and highlyqualified workers(as well as cheap labor for supporting services),availability of venture capital , a high quality of life and access toexcellent transportation and telecommunication facilities.


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Accessibility and Location

y Accessibility is dominantly the outcome of transportation activitiessuch as capacity of infrastructure to support mobility, it presents themost significant infuence of transportation on location.

y Accessibility plays an important role by offering more customersthrough an expanded market area , by making distribution moreefficient(in terms of cost & time).

y Main configuration forces are :

y Transportation costs. Refers to the benefits of location that

minimizes transport cost either for passengers or freight.y Transport cost cannot be easily dismissed andconsidered where the

quality and reliability of transport is of growing importance.

y Travel time , instead of distance is determining factor.


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y Agglomeration economies. Refers to the benefits of havingactivities locate (cluster) next to one another , such as the use ofcommon infrastructures and services.

y clustering continues to be powerful force in location as reduction oftransport costs favored the agglomeration of retail , manufacturingand distribution activities at specific locations.

y Economies of Density. Related to economies of agglomeration ,but focus on spatial coverage and proximity.

y Locational stratergies are based on promixity to existing facilities,even if this implies the selection of sub-optimal locations.


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Future Transportation

Past trends & uncertain future

y Each mode, due to its geographical & technical specificities, was

characterized bydifferent technologies & different rates ofinnovation and diffusion.

y Technological innovation was linked with faster & moreefficienttransport systems.

y Technological evolution in the transport sector has been l;inked with

the phases ofeconomic development of the world economy.


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Technological trends

The most promising technologies are

y Automated transportr system. Refers to set of alternatives to

inprove the speed, effiency, safety & reliability of movements.y This rely upon automation of vehicles , transhipment & control.

y These system could involve the improvement of existing modes such asautomated highway systems, creation of new modes & new transhipmentfor people & freight

y Alternative modes. These modes could replace or complement the

existing modes , particularly for passenger transportation. Ex. Maglev(magnetic levitation )

y Alternative fuels. mainly concerns existing mode but source of fuel,engine technology are modified. Hybrid vehicles involve two types ofmotor technologies, internal combustion engine & electric motor.


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Economic & regulatory trends

y future transportation system face concerns related to energy ,environment, safety & security.

y fundamental component of future transport systems, freight and

passenger must provide flexibility & adaptability to changing marketcircumstances(origin,destination,cost,speed,e.t.c) withenvironmental safety and security regulations.

y Some transport systems have replaced by others that are moreefficient and cost-effective based of labor , energy & commodities.

its ppt. jona

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