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Itasca Yeast and MLF trials 2017 Esters, Thiols, and Terpenes Secondary Malolactic Fermentation University of Minnesota Grape Breeding & Enology Project

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Page 1: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

Itasca Yeast and MLF trials

2017Esters, Thiols, and Terpenes

Secondary Malolactic Fermentation

University of Minnesota

Grape Breeding & Enology Project

Page 2: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

Research Winemaking

Page 3: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

Initial Itasca Juice Chemistry

• Harvested September 28, 2017

• Yield was almost 10 pounds/vine in young vines

• Brix 23.9

• pH 3.08

• TTA 9.3 g/L

Page 4: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

Does yeast matter?

• There are 1000’s of commercially available yeast strains and hybrid yeast strains

• Some yeasts are especially good at producing certain types of aroma and flavor compounds

• With Itasca being a new cultivar, we were curious to see how it would respond to three different yeasts that are known to enhance certain types of aromas and flavors…

Page 5: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

Yeasts Used in Trials

• Lallemand DV-10; control yeast, almost neutral

• Lalvin’s “K1” (aka V1116); Esters

• AWRI’s “Alchemy 2”; Thiols

• Laffort’s “VL-1”; Terpenes

Page 6: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

What did we try today?

• Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment

• Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment

• Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML

• Wine4: DV10 with ML

• Wine5: VL-1 with ML

• Wine6: V1116 no ML

• Wine7: Alchemy2 with ML treatment

• Wine8: VL-1 no ML

Page 7: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

Yeast K1 (V1116), Esters

• Fruit-like and fruity aromatics• Ethyl Acetate, the most prominent ester in wine

• A fault at high concentrations• At low concentrations can be desirable, adds fruitiness• Is both an acetate and an ethyl ester

• Acetate esters• Isoamyl: Fruity, Banana• Isobutyl: Fruity, Apple

• Ethyl esters• Hexanoate: Strawberry, Green Apple, Anise• Octanoate: Fruity, Ripe Fruit, “Beer characteristics”• Decanoate: Oily, Fruity, Floral

Page 8: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

Yeast Alchemy 2, Thiols• Thiols are Sulphur-containing compounds

that can be either positive or negative.

• Negative thiols can be H2S aromas like rotten egg, or other smoky & skunky aromas, or thioacetic acid esters and mercaptans like onion, garlic, & cabbage

• Positive Thiols are the “Volatile Thiols”• Grapefruit, Passion fruit, Gooseberry, Guava, etc…• “New Zealand” style Sauvignon Blanc, “cat pee”…• They are short-named compounds like:

4-methyl-4-mercaptopentan-2-one, or

4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-ol

Page 9: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

Yeast VL-1, Terpenes

• Muscat’s floral and fragrant perfumey aromas are from terpenes

• Riesling and Gewürztraminer also have high levels of terpenes

• Compounds include: Linalool, Geraniol, etc.

• Descriptors include: Floral/Rose, Citrus, Spicy and Coriander

Page 10: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

Secondary Malolactic Fermentation

• Non-MLF wines; more crisp, lean, tart, bright, fresh and “zingy”…

• MLF Positive wines; richer, softer, creamier, buttery, more multi-layered and complex…

Page 11: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

MLF Results

• Used ML Bacteria VP-41 from Scott labs

• ML+ wines using yeasts VL1 and Alchemy 2 finished MLF quite quickly and completely

• Wines using K1/1116 and DV1- did not complete MLF despite time, temperature, nutrients, stirring, etc.• K1/1116 has a “poor” MLF compatibility rating

• DV10 has a “good” MLF compatibility rating

Page 12: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

Wines by the numbers:

YEAST ML-/+ pH TA g/L % ALC.

• DV10 ML- 3.18 7.29 13.7

• K1/1116 ML- 3.18 6.74 13.7

• ALCHEMY 2 ML- 3.20 6.85 13.7

• VL1 ML- 3.18 7.16 13.7

• DV10 ML+ 3.26 7.18 13.6

• K1/1116 ML+ 3.27 6.96 13.8

• ALCHEMY 2 ML+ 3.31 6.05 13.7

• VL1 ML+ 3.34 6.22 13.9

Page 13: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

Future Trials ?

• Cold skin-contact

• “Sur Lie”, extended maturation/lees stirring

• Barrel fermentation

• Late Harvest

• Methode Champenoise sparkling

Page 14: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:
Page 15: Itasca Yeast trials 2017...What did we try today? •Wine1: DV10 no ML treatment •Wine2: Alchemy2 no ML treatment •Wine3: V1116 aka K1 with ML •Wine4: DV10 with ML •Wine5:

Thanks!!! Questions???

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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