it was the shipbuilder’s fault -...

Station One:Comparing

and Contrasting

Station Two:

Cause and Effect

Station Three:Description/Spatial Order

Station Four: Main Idea and Supporting

Details

Station Five:Problem and

Solution

Station Six:Sequencing and

Chronological Order

Station One: Comparing and ContrastingDirections:

Read the non-fiction packet. This packet talks about different experiences of the women and children aboard the Titanic, based upon their class.

Also examine the chart, “Survival Rate by Class.” As you read, use the chart in your packet to help you jot down

information and facts from your readings. Use this information to help you compare and contrast the

experiences of the members of the different classes in the Triple Venn Diagram.

Station Two: Cause and EffectDirections:

Read the following documents before beginning the station.o “The Titanic: Lost and Found”

Activity 1:o For the last one hundred years, many people have thought, “If that iceberg had

not have been there, the Titanic disaster would not have happened.” However, there are several other factors to consider that played a role in Titanic’s sinking.

o First, with your partner, complete the Cause-and-Effect Chart below to brainstorm a list of possible causes for the event.

Activity 2:o Read the claims on “Why did Titanic Sink?”o Answer the seven questions on your student record sheet.

The Titanic: Lost and FoundBy Judy Donelly

People thought this ship couldn’t sink. But it sank anyway; why?

Key to the True Account: “The Titanic: Lost and Found” is an example of a true account. The writer tells about a real event that happened long ago. The writer gives many facts about a ship that many people thought would never sink. But she also wants readers to feel what it was like to be on that ship. So she tells about events as though they are

happening right now. Words to Know:

Iceberg Drills patrol

Focus: Read to find out what happens to the Titanic.

It is April 14, 1912. The Titanic is in icy waters off the coast of Canada. It is almost midnight. The ship is quiet. The sea is smooth as glass. The air is biting cold. The passengers have had a good dinner. Some of them are still up playing cards. Most are asleep in their rooms. It is a good night to be inside. But the lookout must watch for danger. He is high above the ship in the crow’s nest. He stares into the darkness.

Suddenly, the lookout sees a dark shape. It is a mountain of ice! And the Titanic is heading right into it. The lookout rings an alarm. He calls, “Iceberg straight ahead!” A seaman is below, steering the ship. He tries to turn the ship away, but it is too late. The giant iceberg scrapes along the side of the ship. There is a bump, a grinding noise. It doesn’t seem like much. Some people do not notice. But the captain hurries from his room. He goes down below. He wants to see if the ship is hurt. Soon he learns the terrible truth.

The iceberg has hurt the ship badly. Water is pouring in. Five of the watertight compartments are already flooded. And that is too many. Nothing can be done now. It seems impossible, but it is true. The Titanic is going to sink.

Focus: Read to find out what the crew and the passengers do next.

The captain gives his orders. Wake the passengers! Radio for help! And make the lifeboats ready! The captain is afraid. He knows the 2,227 people are on board. And there are only enough lifeboats for 1,100 of them. The passengers do not know this. As people come out on deck, they laugh and joke. Some are in evening gowns. Others wear life jackets over pajamas. But they are not worried. The still think they are on a ship that cannot sink.

“Get in the lifeboats,” the sailors tell them. Women and children go first. Men only go if there is room. Many do not want to get in. The big ship seems so sage, the little lifeboats do not. The sailors are in a hurry. They know there is trouble. The rush people into the lifeboats. Some are only half full, but the sailors lower them anyways.

Many passengers are far from the lifeboats. They are the poor ones. Their rooms are down below. They know there is trouble too. But they do not know where to go. A few try to find their way. They go up stairs and down halls. Some are helped by seamen. Most just wait below.

Focus: Read to find out if the Titanic gets help.

In the radio room the operator calls for help. Other ships answer, but they are many, many miles away. One ship is not far away. Its name is Californian. This ship is only ten miles from the Titanic. It could reach the sinking ship in minutes and save everyone. The Titanic’s operator calls again and again, but the Californian does not answer. It is late at night and the ship’s radio is turned off. No one on board hears the call for help. The Titanic tries to signal the Californian. It sets off rockets that look like fireworks. Sailors on the Californian see the rockets, but they do not understand that the Titanic is in trouble. And so they do not come.

On the Titanic, the band is playing. The music is cheerful, but people are afraid now. The deck is slanting under their feet. The ship tilts more and more. The lower decks are underwater. Two lifeboats are left, but the sailors cannot get them loose. Hundreds and hundreds of people are still on board. By now, they know the end is near. An old couple holds hands. The wife will not leave her husband. One man puts on his best clothes. “I will die like a gentleman,” he says. Some people jump into the icy water. A few are lucky, they reach a lifeboat.

The people in the lifeboats row away from the Titanic. Everyone is staring at the beautiful ship. Its lights are sparkling. The lively music drifts made. Today every ship must have enough lifeboats for every single passenger. Also every ship must have lifeboat drills so people know what to do if there is an accident. Ship radios can never be turned off. Now every call for help is heard. Not there is a special ice patrol. Patrol airplanes keep track of dangerous icebergs. They warn ships. Never again can an iceberg take a ship by surprise. The Titanic was a terrible loss, but the world learned from it.

Why did the Titanic Sink?

"We have struck iceberg ... sinking fast ... come to our assistance."

The ship was doomed and it was slowly sliding into its watery grave. But why did the largest, most advanced ship of the century sink?

It was Captain Smith’s fault A. It was the shipbuilder’s fault

II. It was Bruce Ismay’s fault A. It was Thomas Andrew’s fault

Lower Level Questions Higher Level Questions1. Why was Captain Smith to blame for the

sinking of the Titanic?

2. Why were the shipbuilders, Harland and Wolffe to blame for the sinking of the Titanic?

3. Why was Bruce Ismay to blame for the sinking of the Titanic?

4. Why was Mr Andrews responsible for the sinking of the Titanic?

5. Do you think that Captain Smith was past his best? Explain your answer.

6. Can you find any evidence to suggest that money was a key factor in the Titanic disaster?

7. Using the evidence on this sheet, who do you think was to blame for the sinking of the Titanic? Explain your answer.

Station Three: Description/Spatial OrderDirections:

Divide your group into pairs of two. Each partner chooses either “Image 1” or “Image 2.”

This was Captain E.J. Smith's retirement trip. All he had to do was get to New York in record time. Captain E.J. Smith said years before the Titanic's voyage, "I cannot imagine any condition which would cause a ship to founder. Modern shipbuilding has gone beyond that.”

Captain Smith ignored seven iceberg warnings from his crew and other ships. If he had called for the ship to slow down then maybe the Titanic disaster would not have happened.

About three million rivets were used to hold the sections of the Titanic together. Some rivets have been recovered from the wreck and analyzed. The findings show that they were made of sub-standard iron.

When the ship hit the iceberg, the force of the impact caused the heads of the rivets to break and the sections of the Titanic to come apart. If good quality iron rivets had been used the sections may have stayed together and the ship may not have sunk.

Bruce Ismay was the managing director of the White Star Line and he was aboard the Titanic. Competition for Atlantic passengers was fierce and the White Star Line wanted to show that they could make a six-day crossing.

To meet this schedule the Titanic could not afford to slow down. It is believed that Ismay put pressure on Captain Smith to maintain the speed of the ship.

The belief that the ship was unsinkable was, in part, due to the fact that the Titanic had sixteen watertight compartments. However, the compartments did not reach as high as they should have done.

The White Star Line did not want them to go all the way up because this would have reduced living space in first class. If Mr Andrews had insisted on making them the correct height then maybe the Titanic would not have sunk.

Each partner is responsible for writing a description of what they see in their image on a separate sheet of paper. Use the student record sheet provided for you.

You must describe the photo well enough that their partner is able to draw a picture from their description. Use prepositions (over, under, below, down, above) and sensory details to help make your description better.

After each partner writes their description, partners should trade sheets. DO NOT show your partner the picture you described.

Partner #1 should draw a picture based on what partner #2 wrote, and vice versa. After you draw your picture, compare your picture to the original. What could have been better about your description to help your partner draw a better picture?

Station Four: Main Idea and Supporting Details

Directions: Find the “Main Idea/Supporting Details Activity One” sheet. Read the accompanying article. Create a headings for each paragraph.

o Remember, headings are like main ideas, they state the most important parts of a passage.

Use the list below to help you identify the title and headings.1. This should be the Title of the article – DO THIS LAST after you have read the entire article.

2. This should be a Heading for paragraph 1. (the main idea of paragraph 1).







Main Idea/Supporting Details Activity One

Main Heading 1.__________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________

On April 10, 1912, hundreds of people crowded onto a dock in England. They came to see the Titanic set off on her maiden voyage. What made the ship so special? First of all, Titanic was the largest ship in the world. She was as long as four city blocks. Many people called her "the wonder ship." Others said Titanic was the best ship ever built. Some even believed she was too strong to sink! That's not all. Titanic was also a floating palace. She was one of the first ships with a pool. She had fine wood and gold chandeliers. As a result, some of the wealthiest people in the world were aboard the ship. They traveled on the upper decks. Poorer passengers and the crew lived on the decks below. The first days of Titanic's voyage toward New York were like a party. Passengers celebrated in grand fashion. They thought they were making history. They were right.

3.________________________________________________________

Everything started out smoothly. By the 14th of April, Titanic was in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. The weather was clear. That night, the stars glistened against the cold, dark sky. Shortly before midnight, a sailor on lookout spotted something in the darkness. He couldn't really see it. But he knew it could be only one thing, an iceberg. An iceberg is a floating mountain of ice that has broken away from a glacier. Hitting an iceberg can damage a ship. The sailor quickly sounded the alarm: "Iceberg right ahead!" The crew jumped into action. They tried to turn Titanic away from the iceberg. But it was too late. The ship scraped along the mountain of ice. At first, the problem didn't seem too bad. But the iceberg had damaged the ship. Water poured in. Nothing could stop it. Water soon flooded the lowest decks. It kept rising. The crew knew that the unsinkable ship would sink.

4.________________________________________________________

Slowly, the wonder ship's nose dipped into the water. Her stern, or back, rose high in the air. In just a few hours, the whole ship would sink. The crew shot off fireworks to tell other ships that Titanic needed help. Sailors on a passing ship spotted the fireworks. They thought the fireworks were part of a celebration, however. So they did not help the sinking ship. Meanwhile, Titanic's crew began trying to save passengers. Some people quickly ran from their rooms. Many were still in their pajamas. On the main deck, a band played music to calm them. Others refused to believe there was any real danger. The ship's crew put people into lifeboats. Women and children mainly went first. But Titanic didn't have enough lifeboats for all her passengers. And, in the rush, some lifeboats left with empty seats. After the last boat left, 1,500 people were still aboard the sinking ship. A little after 2:00 a.m., passengers heard a terrible sound. Titanic was ripping apart. People jumped off the doomed ship into the icy water. She vanished into the sea at 2:20 a.m. Titanic sank more than two miles to the ocean floor. Two-thirds of her 2,200 passengers and crew went down with the ship. The unsinkable ship that sank lay beneath the Atlantic Ocean for 71 years. Then National Geographic helped an explorer go look for her.

5.________________________________________________________

As a kid, scientist Robert Ballard was interested in shipwrecks. He especially loved reading about Titanic. "My lifelong dream," he says, "was to find this great ship." Ballard became an ocean explorer when he grew up. He visited underwater mountains in the middle of the Atlantic. He found giant worms that live in the Pacific. And he never forgot his boyhood dream—to find the Titanic. The task seemed impossible. Some people said Titanic had been crushed. Others thought she had broken into little pieces. Everyone agreed the ship was far too deep to reach. But Ballard was determined. In 1985, he and a French scientist took ships to where Titanic had sunk. They used high-tech tools to explore the ocean floor. For weeks, they found nothing.

6. ________________________________________________________

Then they sent down an underwater craft called Argo. Its cameras took videos of the ocean floor and sent them up to the ships. Argo searched for several days. Still nothing. Ballard was sure he had failed. Shortly after midnight on

September 1, he decided to get some sleep. He really needed it. Barely an hour later, someone woke him up. Metal objects were showing up on the video screen. These things could only have come from a boat. Soon the team spotted a huge ship engine. They had found the Titanic! Over the next few days, Argo circled the wreck. Ballard almost couldn't believe what he saw. Titanic's bow, or front, was stuck in mud. Yet the ship still looked huge. Ballard also found many sad reminders of Titanic's passengers. He saw beds, suitcases, cups, and countless shoes. It was almost like visiting a sunken museum. Ballard wanted to see more. But he had run out of time. He had to return home. Before leaving, though, he vowed to come back.

7. ________________________________________________________

Ballard kept his promise. In 1986, he rode down to Titanic in a tiny submarine. And he sent a deep-sea robot, named J.J., into the ship. As it explored, the robot sent pictures to Ballard. He called J.J. a "swimming eyeball." J.J. glided down Titanic's grand staircase. It peeked into her gym. The robot also gazed at chairs, bowls, and other items on the seafloor. Before leaving, Ballard wanted to honor the tragic ship. He left a plaque to remember the people who had died. Aside from that, he left everything exactly the way he found it. Ballard didn't see Titanic again for years. He went back in June 2004. He wanted to know how the great ship was doing. He found that other visitors have really damaged the ship. Submarines have punched holes into Titanic's main deck. And people have taken about 6,000 things from the wreck. These include dishes, lamps, a statue, a safe, and even pieces of the ship herself.

8. ________________________________________________________

Ballard is upset that people have taken things from Titanic. He thinks that people should leave the ship alone. He says that taking her things away is like robbing a grave. But Ballard does want to put cameras around the wreck. That way people can see Titanic. And they can remember her short, sad glory.

Article by Susan Goodman. Online Extra and Links by Brian LaFleur. Titanic photo by Popperfoto, Retrofile.com, appears on pages 4-9 of November-December 2004 issue.

Station Five: Problem and Solution

Directions: Read the following documents before beginning the station.

o #1 - “The Secret of How the Titanic Sank: New evidence has experts rethinking how the luxury passenger liner sank”

o #2 - “What effect did the sinking of the Titanic have on sea travel?” Titanic’s sinking was a disastrous, but memorable, event in history. It caused people

to question and criticizes the way we travel, from the design of the structures, to the safety regulations we implement, to the communication. As a result, the world of travel has changed dramatically. They have attempted many solutions to the failures of the Titanic.

Read the pieces at this station. After reading, create an outline of a paragraph that you will write about the changes made to maritime regulations since Titanic.

Then use the outline to write a paragraph on a separate sheet of paper to summarize the changes that have taken place as a result of the Titanic’s sinking.

Station Six: Sequencing and Chronological Order

Directions: First, complete the “Titanic Chronological Power Point” Open Titanic Chronological Order Power Point on one of the two

computers. Click on the View tab. Go to Slide Sorter. Read the information on each slide. Put the slides in order. Play the slide show to check your answers. Go back to the Slide Sorter and mix them up for the next person! Next, create a timeline in your student record packet. Use the sets of

cards to help. Include all sixteen events. Write them in your own words. Challenge: Can you summarize each item on your timeline into less

than eight words each?

Chronological Order Station: Answer Key

1. American author Morgan Robertson publishes a novel in which a British passenger liner called the Titan hits an iceberg and sinks on her maiden voyage without enough lifeboats in the month of April in the North Atlantic. The fictional ship is eerily similar to the yet-to-be conceived Titanic.

2. At a dinner party in London, J. Bruce Ismay discusses the construction of two huge, luxurious ships with a third to be added later.

3. Construction of the Titanic begins in Belfast, Ireland.4. Titanic hull successfully launched, witnessed by more than 100,000 people.

At the time, (together with Olympic) she is the largest man-made object ever moved.

5. The Titanic casts off and begins her maiden voyage.6. During downstream passage into River Test under her own steam, the water

displaced by Titanic's movement causes all six mooring ropes on the New York to break and her stern to swing toward Titanic. Quick action narrowly averts a collision by only four feet. Departure delayed for an hour.

7. The Titanic sails through calm waters. 8. The Titanic receives several warnings of ice ahead.9. The lookouts see an iceberg dead ahead. The iceberg strikes the Titanic on

the starboard (right) side of her bow.10. Water has poured in and risen 14 feet in the front part of the ship.11. The captain is told the ship can only stay afloat for a couple of hours. He gives

order to call for help over the radio.12. Lifeboats are now loading with women and children first. The Carpathia,

southeast of the Titanic by about 58 miles, picks up the distress call and immediately heads full speed to the rescue.

13. The Titanic's broken off stern settles back into the water, becoming more level for a few moments. Slowly it fills with water and again tilts its end high into the air before sinking into the sea. People in the water slowly freeze to death.

14. The first lifeboat is picked up by the Carpathia. 15. Several ships are sent to the disaster site to recover

bodies. A total of 328 bodies are found floating in the area.16. Franc-American scientific expedition led by Dr. Robert Ballard finally

discovers and photographs remains of the wreck of Titanic at a depth of 12,460 feet on the ocean floor.

1st Class

2nd Class

3rd Class

Student Record: Titanic Stations Name:_____________________________

Station One: Comparing and Contrasting

First Class Third Class

Station Two: Cause and Effect

Lower Level Questions Higher Level Questions1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Station Three: Description/Spatial Order

Second Class

Cause

Cause

Cause

Effect

Cause

Cause

Cause

Write the description of your photo here.

Station Four: Main Idea and Supporting Details

Main Idea/Supporting Details Activity

Title: 1. __________________________________________________________________________2. ________________________________________________________________________________

Complete drawing here.

Write the description of your photo here.

3. _________________________________________________________________________________4._________________________________________________________________________________5. _________________________________________________________________________________6. ________________________________________________________________________________7. _________________________________________________________________________________8. _________________________________________________________________________________Station Five: Problem and SolutionI. Introduction:______________________________________________________________________________

II. Body

A. Problem:____________________________________________________________________________

B. Solution #1: _________________________________________________________________________

i. details: _______________________________________________________________

C. Solution #2: ________________________________________________________________________

i. details: _______________________________________________________________

D. Solution #3: ________________________________________________________________________

i. details: _______________________________________________________________

III. Conclusion: ______________________________________________________________________________

Station Six: Sequencing and Chronological Order

1

3

2

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it was the shipbuilder’s fault -...

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