it takes all kinds to make the world

It Takes All Kinds to Make the World

Learning circles (September – December 2012)ppm1

Slonim gymnasium 1Belarus

Dear friends,We hope that our project will help you to expore the natural world, to discover the secretsand learn about the wonders of our wonderful planet.What is biodiversity? Do you know the flora and fauna of the place where you live? Can you help biodiversity?..You can find the answers to these questions here.Have a nice journey! Students of the 6th grade Slonim gymnasium 1 Belarus

You’ll learn about the biodiversity

of Belarus, Russia, Pakistan,

Canada

• red ant Earthworm frog European bison lynx beetle beaver birch poplar Ca

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tiger hawk elephant oak narwhal spider lobster stork rose aluminum plant

panther crocodile willow

seaweed eucalyptus lion snail perch

WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY?Bio means “life” and diversity means “variety”.Biodiversity means “variety of life”. Earth’s rich variety of life makes our world unique in the universe. Scientists group living things into many different species. So far they have identified about 1.75 million species. But that’s just a start. They think the final count will be somewhere between 3 million and 100 million.


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The European BisonDescription: The European bison is similar in

appearance to its North American relative. Although smaller in size, it has the characteristic thickset body shape with a short neck and a pronounced shoulder hump. There is a longer mane of hair underneath the neck and also on the forehead. The dense coat is dark to golden brown in colour.

Size: A typical European bison is about

2.1 to 3.5 m (7 to 10 ft) long, not counting a tail of 30 to 60 cm (12 to 24 in) long, and 1.6 to 2 m (5 to 7 ft) tall.

Weight: Weight typically can range from 300

to 920 kg (660 to 2,000 lb), with an occasional big bull to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) or more


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Habitat The European

bison inhabits mixed and deciduous forests, with undergrowth and open spaces

Food European bison

feed predominantly on grasses although they will also browse on shoots and leaves. European bison need to drink every day and in winter can be seen breaking ice with their heavy hooves


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Interesting facts The European bison is the

heaviest surviving wild land animal in Europe.

Extremely large ones may weigh as much as 1,400 kilograms.

The bison is active throughout the day, though the distribution of activity is affected by food supply. Over a 24 hour period, an average of 30% of the time is spent feeding, 60% resting, and 10% moving and/or playing. Although movements are generally slow, short gallops are rarely observed. Despite their size, they can jump across 3 m / 10 feet wide streams and 2 m / 6 foot tall fences from a standing position.


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The BeaverDescription The beaver is a

primarily nocturnal, large, semi-aquatic rodent. They are the second-largest rodent in the world (after the capybara).

Size: Head and body,

23 to 39 in (60 to 100 cm); tail, 7.75 to 12 in (20 to 30.5 cm)

Weight: 60 lbs (27 kg)


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Food Beavers are herbivores, and

prefer the wood of quaking aspen, cottonwood, willow, alder, birch, maple and cherry trees. They also eat sedges, pondweed, and water lilies.

Average life span in the wild: Up to 24 yearsHabitat Beavers burrow in the banks

of rivers and lakes. But they also transform less suitable habitats by building dams. Domelike beaver homes, called lodges, are also constructed of branches and mud. They are often strategically located in the middle of ponds and can only be reached by underwater entrances.


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Interesting facts Beavers are famously busy, and they

turn their talents to reengineering the landscape

as few other animals can. They are known for building dams, canals, and lodges (homes). Their colonies create one or more dams to provide still, deep water to protect against predators, and to float food and building material. They are known for their alarm signal:

when startled or frightened, a swimming beaver will rapidly dive while forcefully slapping the water with its broad tail, audible over great distances above and below water. This serves as a warning to beavers in the area. Once a beaver has sounded the alarm, nearby beavers will dive and may not reemerge for some time.

Beavers are slow on land, but are good swimmers, and can stay under water for as long as 15 minutes.

They can swim at speeds of up to five miles (eight kilometers) an hour.


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The Roe deer is the smallest and the most widespread from all European deer. It is widespread in Western Europe, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, and from the British Isles to the Caucasus. It is relatively small, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapted to cold environments. The weight of a big male is about 27 kg. It has rather short, erect antlers and a reddish body with a grey face. Its hide is golden red in summer, darkening to brown or even black in winter, with lighter undersides and a white rump patch; the tail is very short and barely visible.The Roe Deer is primarily crepuscular, or primarily active during the twilight, very quick and graceful, lives in woods although it may venture into grasslands and sparse forests. It feeds mainly on grass, leaves, berries and young shoots. It particularly likes very young, tender grass with a high moisture content, i.e., grass that has received rain the day before.

The Roe Deer


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The Grey CraneCranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". There are 15 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Belarus. The grey crane is a medium-sized crane species. Males are about 115 cm long, have a wing span of 180-200 cm and weigh about 5-6 kg. Females are slightly smaller.The plumage is mainly grey with a cloak of loose feathers falling over tail. The head is darker grey with a red cap on top, the upper neck marked by a white band from the eye to the upper back. The flight feathers are black.


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Woodpeckers live in forests or woodland habitats. They possess predominantly white,black and brown, green and red plumage and exhibit patches of red and yellow on their heads and bellies. They have strong bills for drilling and drumming on trees and long sticky tongues for extracting food. They eat mainly insects and their grubs taken from living and dead trees, and other arthropods, along with fruit from live trees, nuts and sap both from live trees. Their role ecologically is thereby keeping trees healthy by keeping them from suffering mass infestations.

The Woodpecker


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The oak is any of a large variety of trees or shrubs that bear acorns. There are more than 600 species of oaks. Nearly all of them grow naturally in the Northern Hemisphere only. Oaks vary in size and the way they grow. Some oaks never become taller than shrubs. Other reach height of more than 30 metres. Oaks grow slowly and usually do not bear acorns until they are about 20 years old. But these trees live a long time. Most oaks live for 200 to 400 years. Oaks are an important source of timber. Oak wood is heavy, hard and strong and it has a beautiful grain. Manufactures use it for furniture, barrels, boats, and railway sleepers. Acorns are an important source of food for wildlife. In some countries pigs and poultry are fed on acorns. Cortex Quercus is used as medicine for diarrhoea, pulmonary tuberculosis, women’ s diseases, and eczema, for strengthening teeth and gaggling a throat.

The Oak


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Birch is the name of a group of about 40 slender trees and shrubs that grow in parts of Europe, northern Asia and North America. They have a thin bark that peels in horizontal layers. Some birches have bark that separates into sheets almost like paper. Birches produce long catkins,which contain tiny flowers.Their leaves grow alternately on the twig, and are generally bright green, turning yellow in autumn. The birch is a tall, graceful tree with delicate branches. The slender trunk of the birch has thin peeling bark.Silver birch grows in the country where I live. Silver birch is a graceful Old World species. It is easily recognized by its papery, peeling, black-and-white bark and the ragged base to the trunk. The brunches of the silver birch usually droop at the tips Silver birch grows mainly on sandy and gravelly soils. In Belarus the sap from a variety of silver birch called weeping birch is used in spring to make syrup.

The Birch


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CranberryCranberries are low, creeping shrubs or vines up to 2 metres (7 ft) long and 5 to 20 centimetres (2 to 8 in) high; they have slender, wiry stems that are not thickly woody and have small evergreen leaves. The flowers are dark pink, with very distinct reflexed petals, leaving the style and stamens fully exposed and pointing forward. They are pollinated by bees. The fruit is a berry that is larger than the leaves of the plant; it is initially white, but turns a deep red when fully ripe. It is edible, with an acidic taste that can overwhelm its sweetness.They can be found in acidic bogs throughout the cooler regions of the northern hemisphere.Most cranberries are processed into products such as juice, sauce, jam, and sweetened dried cranberriesSince the early 21st century within the global functional food industry, raw cranberries have been marketed as a "superfruit" due to their nutrient content and antioxidant qualities.


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Rhododendron Yellow or Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron luteum is

a bushy fully hardy perennial deciduous shrub with yellow flowers in late Spring and early Summer. It grows well in semi-shade and direct sun, and prefers medium levels of water. The flowers are rotate shaped. It looks best in Spring and Summer. This rounded shrub has an ultimate height of 3m / 9.8ft and spread of 3m / 9.8ft. It can take 16-20 years to reach its ultimate height. A strong pleasant scent is emitted from the flower.

It grows in bog mires of Belarusian Polesya in Gomel and Brest regions.


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Sleep- grass or Pulsatilla patens

This flower is widely spread in Belarus but its area is reducing because of deforestation.


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Lynx is a typical cat, but in size about a large dog. It is orange with dark stains on a back and a white belly. The length of a body of males is 76 - 106 centimetres and of females on some (3 - 6) centimetres less. A tail is from 10 to 20 centimetres. The weight of adult animals is from 16 - to 20 kgs .

The LynxPrepared by

Natasha Matveeva10th grade student

Gymnasia #1Starye Dorogi

Belarus


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Basis of its food are hares, various birds, rodents and also young wild boars and elks. Hunting on deep snow and an ice crust, the lynx overcomes large adult animals. It also catches martens. It always kills foxes even when there is no special necessity but it tries to avoid the sites mastered by wolves: a wolf for a lynx is the same dangerous enemy as a lynx for a fox. The lynx conducts

mainly settled way of life, but during hard frosts with deep snow when becomes not only cold, but also very hungry, it is started up in long trips. And a day it passes to 30kms. The lynx does not afraid of people.


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At a meeting lynx execute greeting ritual. They sniff each other at noses, they rise opposite and start to butt foreheads so strongly that the bone sound is distributed.Lynx has a solitary lifestyle. A pet lynx attacks rarely. Relation to the person is rather strange. In the forest, it always avoids people, but at the same time it sometimes carelessly, even brazenly comes into populated areas, breaks into the fold, in the barnyard, hunts dogs.


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We live near the most beautiful forest in the Moscow region, which is called Elk Island. Elk Island National Park is one of the oldest national

parks in Russia. The National park is the natural habitat for hedgehogs, moles, shrews, storks, woodpeckers, muskrats, ducks, foxes, wolves, wild boars, deer,

beavers, swans, and owls, snakes and squirrels.

Elk Island


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ELKSNear our city there is National park Elk Island. It is not hard to guess why it has that name.There are real elks! They are so big, about 3m long and 2m tall.Most of them live near rivers for water and eat water plant or grass.Elks have nice horns about 1,8m long!They are in danger. Wolves and bears are strongest animals hunting elks and 50% elks ‘cubs die on the first year of life.In our National park there are no wolves and bears and there elks are not in danger.


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We can come and feed our Elks!


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Green Woodpecker1) It’s about 9-56 cm. There are about 210 species but in our woods they almost died out. They weigh about 90-170 g.2) They eat ants, larvae from the ground and trees, and they eat berries.3) It flies, eats, and builds nest like other birds.4) It lives in its nest in woods.5) It is olive-green color. On its head it has a red stripe. Its feathers around the eyes are black.6) They are endangered. We are very proud that in our National park Elk Island this bird is preserved.


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We are very proud that in our National park Elk Island this bird is preserved.


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It's a very nice butterfly. It's not very big like all butterflies. Is eats honeydew. It lives in forests. There are some of them in our national park Elk island. But they endangered. They are very nice and people kill they for herbarium. But I think if this butterfly lives, it is better than one herbarium, isn't it?

Blue Ribbon


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Next to our city there is a national park Elk Island. In Elk Island there are many different plants, but many plants are in danger. Such as lily of the valley.

Lily of the valley


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This plant is very beautiful and it has delicious smell. This is great!The flower lady's slipper is in danger too.

Lady's slipper


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This plant must be protected. In Elk island there are very popular ferns. Ferns is a plant like a bush. This fern’s black and white color but basically ferns are green.

Ferns


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About the small white lady slipper The small white lady slipper grows

naturally in Manitoba. It is perennial/surviving from one year to

another to as an underground stem. In May the petals usually open.Habitat They grow in calcium rich places or

alkyne prairie openings in wooded grasslands. The small white lady slipper can grow in damp or shady places.

Facts The lady slipper is also known as the

moccasin flower because of the shape of the bloom.

Its part of the orchard family. It can grow up to 10 to 35 cm.What we’re going to do to help Grow them in a park where your not

allowed to pick them. Plant more of them. Fence them off.

The small white Lady

Slipper


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Endangered plants in Manitoba

Western Prairie Fringed Orchid


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Growth The Prairie Fringed

Orchid need butterflies and moths for pollination so that it can grow.

Facts about the Western Prairie Fringed Orchid One flower can hold up

4-40 white creamy feathers

Approximately 50 percent of all known plants occur in Manitoba, in a 48 km2.

Why is the western prairie fringed orchid endangered? The western prairie

fringed orchid is endangered because of habitat loss caused by cattle grazing and the stopping of wildfires.


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What can we do to help western prairie fringed orchid

To help the western prairie fringed orchid we could build a provincial park around it so that people will have no choice but to leave it alone. We could also have a rule that people are not allowed to pick them, but if they do they will be punished.


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The Burrowing OwlsBy. Sean, Haley, VinnyRoom 22

FoodBurrowing Owls eat insects, scorpions, small mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles.Size/WeightThe Burrowing Owl weight is 5.3 Oz 55 cmThe length is 7.5-9.8 in


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Habitat Burrowing Owls like

grasslands dry open areas with no trees and short grass and live in burrows that other animals made.

Facts! When the young owls are

scared they will make a hissing call that sounds like a rattlesnake.

Burrowing owls were common in summer residents in the southern regions of the prairie provinces.


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Endangered The Burrowing owls

lost their habitat to farm land and this gave them no food to survive and the predators killed the Burrowing Owls.

How We Can Help When they are

found they are sent to a zoo and bred and set free.


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Polar BearsWeight:

Male: Over 1400 pounds! Female: 500-600 pounds! When a cub is born they weigh

about 1 kg.Size: Polar bears can get up to 10

feet tall. They can up to 3 meters long.

Habitat: Polar bears usually live in the

tundra or the Arctic. But when they’re in Manitoba their natural habitat is Churchill, Manitoba. The most polar bears in the world live in Churchill.


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Color: Polar bears change color

according to their environment. Their fur is actually translucent. The sun reflects against the snow and because the snow is white the polar bears fur turns the color of its surroundings.

Food: Polar bears eat fish, seal,

beluga whales, walruses, narwhals, bowhead whales, caribou and sea birds.

Larger males will eat smaller polar bears.


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Habits: Polar bears enjoy swimming in the

water and hunting. While they are not swimming and hunting they are usually sleeping and resting.

They have webbed feet to help them swim and a long neck longer than most bears making them streamlined for swimming. Their fur is water repellent so they don’t get too wet.

Interesting facts: Only humans hunt Polar bears. Polar bears tend to overheat more

than being cold. They can swim up to 6 miles per

hour. They can swim up to 100 miles. Largest living land carnivores. Polar bears can live up to 30 years

old.


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Why are they endangered? Because of pollution the Earth is

going through global warming which the polar bears cannot live in. They will overheat and die and the ice is melting which causes the polar bears to drown.

There are only 935 left in Manitoba.

How can we help save the polar bears? We can take care of the Earth

instead of polluting it. We can protest against pollution. At the Assiniboine Zoo in Winnipeg,

Manitoba, they are making a habitat for the polar bears that is based on Churchill, Manitoba. This will make a new habitat for the polar bears so they don’t become extinct.


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CoyotesBy Liam and Alexis

Weight and Length The coyote weighs 10 to16 kg.

They have a body measuring 1.5 meters, including the tail. They are about 60cm high at the shoulders. The male is larger the female.

Fur Their fur is red, gray, and orange.

They have three fur coats.


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Food The coyotes eat rats, mice,

rabbits, fruit, grass, plants, and fish. They also hunt in packs to get food.

Habits They take care of the

babies and find food They hunt at night. They stalk their prey


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Habitat The coyotes habitat is forest,

parkland, and grass meadows. The coyote’s habitat is moving

farther north due to an increase in human population.

In Manitoba, coyotes range from the U.S. border to Thompson, Manitoba but they are most common in southern farming areas.

Coyotes are also now seen more frequently near cities and towns.

Interesting facts There are 19 kinds of coyotes. Coyotes have excellent hearing. The coyote’s lonely voice can

carry across a great distance. The coyote’s territory has moved

farther north due to increase in the human population.


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Forests Of Pakistan

Presentation made by:Attia Shuaib

Mehar-un-NisaMehreen Shabbir

Contents:

• Plants in our forests.• Animals in our forests.• Insects in our forests.

Plants in our forests

• Yew

• Ash

YEWScientific name : Taxus baccata Local name : BarmiYew is a small to medium sized evergreen tree with an average height of 10-20 meters and with an astounding maximum age ,estimated to be 2000-4000 years . It is now on the verge of extinction because of the fact that it has very delicate seeds , which often can’t survive in harsh climatic conditions prevailing in the high northern mountains of Pakistan ,which is their land of growth . Secondly due to heavy rainfall , the tree top usually breaks , causing the water to penetrate through and cause decay . Lastly the overgrazing by local herds of goat is also causing a great harm.

USES : 1)Used in medicines for cancer treatment. 2)A wide range of musical instruments.

ASHScientific name: Fraxinus excelsior

Local name : SumAsh is a large deciduous tree with an average height of 20 -35 meters and a maximum age of 250 years . It is a very valuable hardwood but is endangered due to overharvesting for commercial and industrial uses.

Uses: 1) High value furniture 2) Timber for fuel 3) Bows and commonly used tools like hammers , axes etc. 4) Sports items .

Animals in our forests

• Markhor

• Snow Tiger

Fauna : MARKHOR(Capra falconeri)

SIZE:65 to 115cm at the shoulders,132 to 186 cm in length and weigh from 32 to 110 Kg.APPEARANCE:light brown to black grizzled coat which is smooth and short in summer and long and thick in winter.horns of males can grow upto 160cm and 25cm in females.FOOD:their diets shift seasonally ,in spring and summer periods the graze and turn to browsing in winter, sometimes stand on their hind legs to reach branches.HABITAT:Found in Central and South-Eastern Asia.adapted to mountainous terrain, and can be found between 600 to 3600metres in elevation.inhabit scrub forests made up of oaks, pines and junipers.HABITS:live in flocks of nine usually consisting adult females and their youngs,adult males are largely solitary.FACTS:Markhor is the national animal of Pakistan.They can kill snakes.Killed for game and for their horns which are considered to have medicinal properties.

Fauna: SNOW LEOPARD(Panthera unica)SIZE: 75 to 130 cm from head to tail, tail is 80 to 100 com long, weight is 27 to 55 Kg.APPEARANCE:have long , thick fur and their base colour varies from smoky grey to yellowish tan with whitish underpants.Unusually among cats , their eyes are pale green or gray in colour.FOOD:eat whatever meat they can find.can kill animals more than 3 to 4 times their weight.also eat a significant amount of vegetation including grass and twigs.HABITAT:Found in Central and South Asia.live above tree lines(2700 to 6,000 m) in summer and come down to forests(1,200 to 2,000m) in winter.HABITS:leads a largely solitary life although mothers may rear cubs in dens for extended periods.FACTS:Known for being extremely well secretive and camouflaged.The Snow Leopard cannot roar.Hunted for their skin and bones which have a high commercial value and are used for medicinal purposes.

Insects in our Forests

• Attacus atlas

• Pararge menava

Attacus Atlas• Size: These are considered the largest moths in the world. Their wingspans are also

amongst the largest, reaching over 25 cm . Females are appreciably larger and heavier.

• Appearance: Mostly tawny to maroon in colour with roughly triangular, thin "eyes" on both

forewing and hind wing, bordered in black.• Life Cycle: Eggs Catterpillar Pupa Imago Fully grown

Pararge menava• Size: Adults vary in size from small to large. Wing shape is also highly variable.• Appearance: Browns, oranges, yellows, and blacks are frequent colors, while iridescent

colors such as purples and blues are rare.• Lifespan: Adults of some groups are the longest-lived butterflies, surviving 6-11

months.


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Created byKate Dyatlova,Kate Sinitsa,Kate Risunova,Kseniya Sosnovskaya,Dasha Belevich,Artem Golubets,Denis Vorotynets,Maxim Moroz,Slava Tsydik

Teacher – Irina VolynetsSlonim gymnasium 1Belarus

Special thanks to the students and their teachersfrom school 7, Korolyov, Russia; Gymnasia №1,Starye

Dorogi,Belarus; Army Burn Hall School and

College, Abbottabad,Pakistan; General Vanier school, Winnipeg,Canada

it takes all kinds to make the world

Education