Micrsoft Windows(Information About Microsoft Windows)

Information

Technology

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES

IN THE NAME OF ALLAHTHE MOST GRACIOUSTHE MOST MERCIFUL

“Say : Come I will recite what your Lord has forbidden to you –that you do not associate anything with Him and show kindness to your parents , and do not slay your children for (fear of) poverty; We provide sustenance for you and for them. Do not approach the shameful deed whether open or secret; and do not take life, which ALLAH has made sacred expect for the requirement of justice; This He has command you, with that you may understand.”

(AL-QURAN)

Message from Regional Director Lahore Campus

“Change is the only constant. Hanging on is the only sin”. Adhering to status quo is

tantamount to nullifying the process of growth and augmentation. Those, who

stubbornly stick to status quo are subject to ultimate annihilation. He who rejects

change is the architect of decay. Hence the secret of our survival lies in keeping

pace with rapid changes brought by modern science and technology. We are duty

bound to keep ourselves abreast of the demands of the postmodern era, which is

perpetually undergoing a process of rapid transition. An up-to-date nation walks

many miles ahead of those people, who are averse to progress

I would like to impress upon modem youth to leave no stone unturned to work for

the well-being and uplift of our beloved country. Hard work and strenuous efforts will

surely pave way for our ultimate success.

Follow the following dictum in letter and spirit:

Be strong!

We are not here to play, to dream, to drift,

We have hard work to do, and loads to lift.

Shun not the struggle; face it. 'It’s God's gift.

NUML Lahore campus has a highly qualified faculty. We aim at providing students

with diverse knowledge of their discipline, which goes a long way in their character

building as useful citizen of Pakistan. We provide an environment conducive for

learning.

As Regional Director, it is my august and foremost duty to provide congenial,

peaceful and friendly environment, where students may acquire knowledge and

nurture and groom their personality through curricular and extra-mural activities.

I always encourage my staff to work earnestly and righteously for the optimum

satisfaction of the students. I am confident that NUML, Lahore campus, will continue

to flourish and excel in the field of higher education and research to live up to the

challenges of the 21st century.

                                      Brig. (R) Muhammad Akram Khan

Regional Director

Contents Microsoft Windows

Windows CEWindows 95Windows 98Windows 2000Windows MEWindows XPWindows VistaWindows 7Windows 8

Microsoft Windows:

Windows 3.1

Windows 95

Windows 98

Windows ME

Windows 2000

Windows XP

Windows Vista

Windows 7

Windows 8

Microsoft WindowsWindows 3.1

Windows 3.1x is a series of 16-bit operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers. The series began with Windows 3.1, which was first sold during March 1992 as a successor to Windows 3.0. Further editions were released between 1992 and 1994 until the series was superseded by Windows 95.

Windows 3.1 (originally codenamed Janus,[citation needed] of which two betas were published), released on April 6, 1992, includes a TrueType font system (and a set of highly legible fonts), which effectively made Windows a viable desktop publishing platform for the first time. Similar functionality was available for Windows 3.0 through the Adobe Type Manager (ATM) font system from Adobe.

Windows 3.1 was designed to have backward compatibility with older Windows platforms. As with Windows 3.0, version 3.1 had File Manager and Program Manager, but unlike all previous versions, Windows 3.1 and later support 32-bit disk access, cannot run in real mode, and included Minesweeper instead of Reversi (though Reversi was included in some copies).

Windows 3.1 Multimedia PC Version (Beta only, released Nov 1992 – codenamed Bombay) included a media viewer, and the ability to play video files. It was targeted to the new multimedia PC and included sound and video integration with CD-ROM support

Microsoft WindowsWindows 95A major release of the Microsoft Windows operating system released in 1995. Windows 95 represents a significant advance over its precursor, Windows 3.1. In addition to sporting a new user interface, Windows 95 also includes a number of important internal improvements. Perhaps most important, it supports 32-bit applications, which means that applications written specifically for this operating system should run much faster. And although Windows 95 can run older Windows and DOS applications, it has essentially removed DOS as the underlying platform. This has meant removal of many of the old DOS limitations, such as 640K of main memory and 8-character filenames.

Windows 98Windows 98 (codenamed Memphis) is a graphical operating system by Microsoft. It is the second major release in the Windows 9x line of operating systems. It was released to manufacturing on May 15, 1998 and to retail on June 25, 1998. Windows 98 is the successor to Windows 95. Like its predecessor, it is a hybrid 16-bit/32-bit[2] monolithic product with an MS-DOS based boot stage.[3] Windows 98 was succeeded by Windows 98 Second Edition on May 5, 1999. Development

Microsoft Windowsof Windows 98 began in the 1990s, initially using the codename "Memphis" to refer to the product. Many builds were released or leaked, starting with build 1351 on December 15, 1996 and ending with Windows 98 Second Edition.

Windows ME

Windows Millennium Edition, or Windows ME (pronounced as an initialism, "M-E"), is a graphical operating system released on September 14, 2000 by Microsoft,[3] and was the last operating system released in the Windows 9x series.

Windows ME was the successor to Windows 98 and was targeted specifically at home PC users.[3] It included Internet Explorer 5.5, Windows Media Player 7, and the new Windows Movie Maker software, which provided basic video editing and was designed to be easy to use for home users. Microsoft also updated the graphical user interface, shell features, and Windows Explorer in Windows ME with some of those first introduced in Windows 2000, which had been released as a business-oriented operating system seven months earlier. Windows ME could be upgraded to Internet Explorer 6 SP1 (but not to SP2 (SV1) or Internet Explorer 7), Outlook Express 6 SP1 and Windows Media Player 9 Series. Microsoft .NET Framework up to and including version 2.0 is supported, however versions 2.0 SP1, 3.x, and greater are not. Office XP was the last version of Microsoft Office to be compatible with Windows ME.

Microsoft WindowsWindows 2000Windows 2000 is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on both client and server computers. Windows 2000 was released to manufacturing on December 15, 1999[3] and launched to retail on February 17, 2000.[4] It is the successor to Windows NT 4.0, and is the last version of Microsoft Windows to display the "Windows NT" designation.[5] It is succeeded by Windows XP (released in October 2001) and Windows Server 2003 (released in April 2003). During development, Windows 2000 was known as Windows NT 5.0.

Four editions of Windows 2000 were released: Professional, Server, Advanced Server, and Datacenter Server.[6] Additionally, Microsoft sold Windows 2000 Advanced Server Limited Edition and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Limited Edition, which ran on 64-bit Intel Itanium microprocessors and they were released in 2001.[7] While each edition of Windows 2000 was targeted at a different market, they shared a core set of features, including many system utilities such as the Microsoft Management Console and standard system administration applications.

Microsoft WindowsWindows XPWindows XP is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops and media centers. First released to computer manufacturers on August 24, 2001,[4] it is the second most popular version of Windows, based on installed user base.[5] The name "XP" is short for "eXPerience",[6] highlighting the enhanced user experience.[7]

Windows XP, the successor to Windows 2000 and Windows ME, was the first consumer-oriented operating system produced by Microsoft to be built on the Windows NT kernel. Windows XP was released worldwide for retail sale on October 25, 2001, and over 400 million copies were in use in January 2006.[8] It was succeeded by Windows Vista in January 2007. Direct OEM and retail sales of Windows XP ceased on June 30, 2008. Microsoft continued to sell Windows XP through their System Builders (smaller OEMs who sell assembled computers) program until January 31, 2009.[9][10] On April 10, 2012, Microsoft reaffirmed that extended support for Windows XP and Office 2003 would end on April 8, 2014 and suggested that administrators begin preparing to migrate to a newer OS. The NT-based versions of Windows, which are programmed in C, C++, and assembly,[14] are known for their improved stability and efficiency over the 9x versions of Microsoft Windows.

Microsoft WindowsWindows VistaWindows Vista is an operating system released in several variations by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Prior to its announcement on July 22, 2005, Windows Vista was known by its codename "Longhorn".[4] Development was completed on November 8, 2006, and over the following three months, it was released in stages to computer hardware and software manufacturers, business customers and retail channels. On January 30, 2007, it was released worldwide[5] and was made available for purchase and download from Microsoft's website.[6] The release of Windows Vista came more than five years after the introduction of its predecessor, Windows XP, the longest time span between successive releases of Microsoft Windows desktop operating systems. It was succeeded by Windows 7, which was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009 and released worldwide for retail on October 22, 2009.

New features of Windows Vista include an updated graphical user interface and visual style dubbed Aero, a new search component called Windows Search, redesigned networking, audio, print and display sub-systems, and new multimedia tools including Windows DVD Maker. Vista aimed to increase the level of communication between machines on a home network, using peer-to-peer technology to simplify sharing files and media between computers and devices. Windows Vista included version 3.0 of the .NET Framework, allowing software developers to write applications without traditional Windows APIs.

Microsoft WindowsWindows 7Windows 7 is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs;[5] Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009,[6] and reached general retail availability worldwide on October 22, 2009,[7] less than three years after the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the same time. Windows 7 is succeeded by Windows 8, released on October 26, 2012.

Unlike Windows Vista, which introduced a large number of new features, Windows 7 was intended to be a more focused, incremental upgrade to the Windows line, with the goal of being compatible with applications and hardware with which Windows Vista was already compatible.[8] Presentations given by Microsoft in 2008 focused on multi-touch support, a redesigned Windows shell with a new taskbar, referred to as the Superbar, a home networking system called HomeGroup,[9] and performance improvements. Some standard applications that have been included with prior releases of Microsoft Windows, including Windows Calendar, Windows Mail, Windows Movie Maker, and Windows Photo Gallery, are not included in Windows 7;[10][11] most are instead offered separately at no charge as part of the Windows Essentials suite

Microsoft WindowsWindows 8Windows 8 is the current release of the Windows operating system, produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablets, and home theater PCs. Development of Windows 8 started before the release of its predecessor in 2009. Its existence was first announced at CES 2011, and followed by the release of three pre-release versions from September 2011 to May 2012. The operating system was released to manufacturing on 1 August 2012, and was released for general availability on 26 October 2012

Windows 8 introduces significant changes to the operating system's platform, primarily focused towards improving its user experience on mobile devices such as tablets to rival other mobile operating systems like Android and iOS,[4] taking advantage of new or emerging technologies like USB 3.0, UEFI firmware, near field communications, cloud computing and the low-power ARM architecture, new security features such as malware filtering, built-in antivirus capabilities, a new installation process optimized for digital distribution, and support for secure boot (a UEFI feature which allows operating systems to be digitally signed to prevent malware from altering the boot process), the ability to synchronize certain apps and settings between multiple devices, along with other changes and performance improvements.