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Stainless Steel in Figures 2017
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 2
Contents
History and Competition
Compound annual growth rate of world stainless melt shop production
Regional share of stainless steel production
Stainless steel production versus plastics production
Compound annual growth rate of major metals
Actual PerformanceStainless melt shop production
Stainless melt shop production by quarter
Stainless steel foreign trade
Apparent stainless steel use by region
Stainless melt shop production by region
Stainless melt shop production by grade
Stainless melt shop production by quarter
Potential
Stainless steel demand versus stainless steel consumption
Per capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel for selected countries.
GDP PPP per capita versus stainless steel use per capita.
Comparison of direct stainless steel use versus total stainless steel use
Stainless steel use per sector - 2016
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 3
Secretary-General’s Message
Dear Members
This is the sixth in what is now a regular series of Annual Statistical Publications, known as “Stainless Steel in Figures”. It is commonly and openly acknowledged that we have the most accurate and
reliable data in the stainless steel industry – and it is logical that this should be so. No-one knows our industry as well as our members and we are the focal point for the collection and analysis of the statistical data which forms the substance of this book. But this information only acquires a value if it is used. There is a wealth of data on our Extranet and our Website, with appropriate historical information. This book summarises what is available, but you are encouraged to make regular use of our database. If you do not have a password to gain access to our extranet, or if you have had one and cannot find it, please contact Jo ([email protected]) and she will send you fresh access details.
Following the successful introduction of statistical data from our colleagues in the raw materials’ associations in 2015, this has now become a regular feature. It has the advantage of providing readers with a ready reference source of all statistical information about stainless steel and its essential elements in one book.
We acknowledge and appreciate the efforts of our raw materials partners in the Team Stainless network for their assistance in providing their up-dated data for this book. We are grateful to the International Chrome Development Association (ICDA), the International Nickel Study Group (INSG) and the International Molybdenum Association (IMOA) all of whom continue to openly share their information with us.
We kindly remind readers that the raw materials data is confidential and is for the use of ISSF members and the members of the contributing associations only. That information should please not be re-published without the express permission of the associations and any re-publication must include the applicable source – ISSF, ICDA, INSG or IMOA. Of course, the stainless steel data belongs to you as members of the ISSF and you are welcome to use it as you wish.
If any of you have any comments or suggestions on how this book may be improved for future editions, or perhaps on other information which you would like us to include, please let me know.
John Rowe Secretary-General, International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF)Brussels, May 2017
JOHN ROWESecretary-General
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 4HISTORY AND COMPETITION
Figure 1 Compound annual growth rate of world stainless melt shop production (slab/ingot equivalent)
Compound annual growth: 5.86%
Mill
ion
met
ric
tonn
es (M
t)
1 Mt
45.8Mt(2015)
1950 2016
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 5HISTORY AND COMPETITION
Figure 2 Regional share of stainless steel production
Americas6%
Other Asia(excluding China)
22%
China54%
Rest of World1%
EU-2716%
Americas11%
Other Asia(excluding China)
39%
China13%
Rest of World3%
EU-2734%
2005 2016
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 6HISTORY AND COMPETITION
Figure 3 Stainless steel production versus plastics production.
Index: 1990 = 100
Stainless Steel
Plastics
6.9 Mt
41.5 Mt(2015)
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1980 2015
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 7HISTORY AND COMPETITION
Lead: 2.00%
Copper: 2.73%
Zinc: 2.25%
Aluminium: 3.80%
Carbon Steel: 2.31%
Stainless Steel: 5.40%
Average: 2.40%
Figure 4 Compound annual growth rate of major metals (%/year): 1980 - 2016
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 8ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
Country/region 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Belgium 1,306 1,241 1,241 1,298 1,388
Belgium/Austria 1,607 1,672
Finland 998 1,003 1,078 1,080 1,216
Finland/Sweden/UK 2,215 2,327
France 276 300 285 300 323 291 287
Germany 1,509 1,502 1,313 1,091 864 459 414
Italy 1,583 1,602 1,696 1,556 1,457 1,452 1,421
Spain 844 807 844 855 945 979 1,002
Sweden 546 586 510 501 541
United Kingdom 279 330 294 257 295
Other EU 152 188 195 211 223 165 157
European Union 7,494 7,559 7,455 7,147 7,252 7,169 7,280
USA 2,201 2,074 1,977 2,030 2,389 2,346 2,481
Brazil 409 413 391 425 424 401 450
Americas 2,609 2,486 2,368 2,454 2,813 2,747 2,931
Japan 3,427 3,247 3,166 3,175 3,328 3,061 3,093
South Korea 2,048 2,157 2,167 2,143 2,038 2,231 2,276
Taiwan, China 1,514 1,203 1,107 1,067 1,108 1,109 1,263
China 11,256 14,091 16,087 18,984 21,692 21,562 24,938
India 2,022 2,163 2,834 2,891 2,858 3,060 3,324
Asia 20,267 22,861 25,361 28,260 31,025 31,024 34,894
South Africa 480 443 503 492 472 514 582
Russia 122 125 112 152 123 95 90
Ukraine 118 147 118 n/a n/a n/a n/a
World 31,090 33,621 35,917 38,506 41,686 41,548 45,778
Table 1 Stainless melt shop production (ingot/slab equivalent) in 1,000 metric tonnes. Note: A major correction of Chinese data in 2011 means data from 2011 onwards is not comparable with earlier years.
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 9ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
Western Europe/Africa
Central & Eastern Europe The Americas
Asia (excluding China) China World
Quarter 1
2015 2,007 64 768 2,366 5,015 10,220
2016 1,958 65 642 2,395 5,214 10,274
% change -2.4 0.7 -16.4 1.2 4.0 0.5
Quarter 2
2015 2,058 69 685 2,318 5,852 10,982
2016 2,047 61 722 2,447 6,551 11,827
% change -0.6 -10.6 5.3 5.5 11.9 7.7
First half
2015 4,065 133 1,453 4,684 10,867 21,202
2016 4,005 126 1,363 4,842 11,765 22,102
% change -1.5 -5.1 -6.2 3.4 8.3 4.2
Quarter 3
2015 1,673 65 693 2,392 5,371 10,195
2016 1,761 63 815 2,524 6,321 11,483
% change 5.3 -3.4 17.6 5.5 17.7 12.6
Quarter 4
2015 1,780 61 601 2,385 5,324 10,152
2016 1,939 58 753 2,590 6,852 12,193
% change 8.9 -4.8 25.2 8.6 28.7 20.1
Second half
2015 3,453 126 1,294 4,777 10,696 20,346
2016 3,700 121 1,568 5,115 13,172 23,676
% change 7.1 -4.1 21.2 7.1 23.2 16.4
Full year
2015 7,518 259 2,747 9,461 21,562 41,548
2016 7,705 247 2,931 9,957 24,938 45,778
% change 2.5 -4.6 6.7 5.2 15.7 10.2
Table 2 Stainless melt shop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by quarter in 1,000 metric tonnes: 2015 compared to 2016
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 10ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
Hot bars/wire rod7.9%
Semis long1.6%
Hot plate and sheet6.6%
Hot coils28.7%
Semis flat1.2%Cold bars/wire
6.8%
Cold rolled flat47.2%
Hot bars/wire rod8.2%
Semis long2.1%
Hot plate and sheet6.7%
Hot coils27.0%
Semis flat1.1%
Cold bars/wire7.2%
Cold rolled flat47.7%
Figure 5 Stainless steel foreign trade
2014 2016
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 11ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
2015 Destination
Africa Asia Eastern Europe
Latin America Middle East NAFTA Australia/
OceaniaWestern Europe Total
Africa 11.0 107.2 13.1 29.5 9.8 23.8 1.7 138.7 334.7
Asia 103.2 4,951.6 137.5 139.8 215.5 484.3 72.7 1,386.2 7,490.9
Eastern Europe 0.0 3.8 22.5 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 12.3 40.9
Latin America 2.8 25.7 2.6 41.2 4.3 15.7 0.4 36.6 129.3
Middle East* 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 n/a 4.1 0.6 1.1 9.0
NAFTA 0.7 81.6 0.2 32.9 2.6 659.0 0.8 133.5 911.3
Australia/Oceania 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 3.6
Western Europe 76.8 435.9 95.6 48.9 60.8 376.4 19.8 7,269.6 8,383.9
Total 194.6 5,611.4 271.4 292.4 293.0 1,566.2 96.3 8,978.3 17,303.6
Ori
gin
Ori
gin
Table 3 Foreign trade exports of stainless steel in 1,000 metric tonnes. Includes feedstock material for further processing. Note: *Indicated imports from that region
2016 Destination
Africa Asia Eastern Europe
Latin America Middle East NAFTA Australia/
OceaniaWestern Europe Total
Africa 10.6 147.6 29.4 37.7 18.9 19.2 1.2 157.9 422.5
Asia 115.7 5,611.8 191.2 141.0 221.8 449.7 71.6 1,584.6 8,387.4
Eastern Europe 0.0 4.3 23.9 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 15.2 45.3
Latin America 2.4 19.0 3.7 44.3 3.3 27.8 0.3 39.8 140.5
Middle East 0.1 6.3 0.0 0.0 50.2 0.7 0.0 1.7 59.0
NAFTA 0.9 74.6 0.1 22.7 2.7 724.5 1.4 90.8 917.8
Australia/Oceania 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.3 0.5 4.4
Western Europe 72.9 433.4 95.7 39.0 52.9 356.0 16.9 7,467.1 8,533.8
Total 202.6 6,299.1 344.1 284.7 349.9 1,580.1 92.8 9,357.6 18,510.9
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 12ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
2015 Destination
Africa Asia Eastern Europe
Latin America Middle East NAFTA Australia/
OceaniaWestern Europe Total
Africa 0.0 14.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 1.5 16.5
Asia 1.2 647.5 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 21.1 670.5
Eastern Europe 0.0 3.5 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.3 89.3
Latin America 0.0 30.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.6 0.0 35.5 68.9
Middle East* 0.0 80.4 0.0 0.0 n/a 0.0 0.0 11.4 91.8
NAFTA 0.0 524.6 0.0 1.9 1.1 209.2 0.1 64.8 801.7
Australia/Oceania 0.0 49.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 1.7 51.7
Western Europe 0.6 365.8 1.5 0.1 1.2 0.9 0.0 3,172.5 3,542.5
Total 1.8 1,716.0 1.8 3.7 3.3 213.0 0.5 3,392.8 5,332.9
Ori
gin
2016 Destination
Africa Asia Eastern Europe
Latin America Middle East NAFTA Australia/
OceaniaWestern Europe Total
Africa 0.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 6.1 13.3
Asia 1.8 744.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 16.6 763.8
Eastern Europe 0.0 5.8 1.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 97.9 105.5
Latin America 0.0 24.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 35.3 60.5
Middle East* 0.0 87.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.8 98.1
NAFTA 0.1 515.8 0.0 1.4 0.8 452.2 0.1 30.9 1,001.3
Australia/Oceania 0.0 63.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 2.6 66.0
Western Europe 0.0 318.9 5.7 0.0 1.7 1.8 0.1 2,917.2 3,245.4
Total 1.9 1,766.7 7.2 1.9 2.9 455.6 0.5 3,117.3 5,353.9
Ori
gin
Table 4 Foreign trade exports of stainless steel scrap in 1,000 metric tonnes. Includes feedstock material for further processing. Note: *Indicated imports from that region
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 13ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
Figure 6 Apparent stainless steel use by region.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
Western Europe Central/Eastern Europe Americas Asia excluding China China Others
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 14ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
Figure 7 Stainless melt shop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by region in 1,000 metric tonnes
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
Maj
or c
orre
ctio
n of
Chi
nese
dat
a fo
r 20
11, n
ot c
ompa
rabl
e w
ith p
revi
ous
year
s
Western Europe Central/Eastern Europe Americas Asia excluding China China
28.706 28.146
26.21824.904
31.094
33.62135.917
38.506
41.686 41.548
45.778
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 15ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2016Q4Q3Q2Q12015201420132012201120102009200820072006
Maj
or c
orre
ctio
n of
Chi
nese
dat
a fo
r 20
11, n
ot c
ompa
rabl
e w
ith p
revi
ous
year
s
CrNi grades (300-series) Other/not knownCr grades (400 series)CrMn grades (200 series)
Figure 8 Stainless meltshop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by grade.
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 16ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006
Maj
or c
orre
ctio
n of
Chi
nese
dat
a fo
r 20
11, n
ot c
ompa
rabl
e w
ith p
revi
ous
year
s
Quarter 1 Quarter 4Quarter 3Quarter 2
Figure 9 Stainless meltshop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by quarter in 1,000 metric tonnes
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 17POTENTIAL
Figure 10 Stainless steel demand versus stainless steel consumption
Stainless steel consumption (000t) Stainless steel demand index (2010=100)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
40
60
80
100
120
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
70
110
150
190
230
2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 201620102006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20162010
Europe/Africa Americas
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 18POTENTIAL
Figure 11 Stainless steel demand versus stainless steel consumption
Stainless steel consumption (000t) Stainless steel demand index (2010=100)
Asia China
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
0
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20162010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20162010
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 19POTENTIAL
Figure 12 Stainless steel demand versus stainless steel consumption
Stainless steel consumption (000t) Stainless steel demand index (2010=100)
World
0
1050
2100
3150
4200
5250
6300
7350
8400
9450
10500
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20162010
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 20POTENTIAL
Figure 13 Per capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel (kg/capita) for selected countries. Source: IMF, Yale
2005 2010
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Indo
nesia
Indi
a
Brazil
Mex
ico
Russia
Turk
ey
China
South
Afri
ca
Thail
and
UK
Fran
ce
Austra
lia
USA
Spain
Germ
any
Sweden
Italy
Japa
n
Korea
Taiw
an, C
hina
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 21POTENTIAL
Figure 14 GDP PPP per capita versus stainless steel use per capita. Source: IMF, ISSF, Yale.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
US$5000
US$10000
US$15000
US$20000
US$25000
US$30000
US$35000
US$40000
US$45000
US$50000
US$55000
US$60000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
US$5000
US$10000
US$15000
US$20000
US$25000
US$30000
US$35000
US$40000
US$45000
US$50000
US$55000
US$60000
USA
Australia
GermanyTaiwan, China
Korea
Japan
France
Spain
Russia
MexicoTurkey
Brazil Thailand
South AfricaChina
Indonesia
India
Italy
UK
USA
Australia
Germany Taiwan, China
Korea
JapanFrance
Spain
RussiaMexico
TurkeyBrazil
ThailandSouth Africa
China
IndonesiaIndia
Italy
UK
2010 2014
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 22POTENTIAL
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
BrazilChina
France
Germany
IndiaIta
lyJapan
Korea
Mexico
Russia
South Africa
Spain
Taiw
an, China
UKUSA
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
BrazilChina
France
Germany
IndiaIta
lyJapan
Korea
Mexico
Russia
South Africa
Spain
Taiw
an, China
UKUSA
Total use Total use
Direct use Direct use
2005 2010
Figure 15 Comparison of direct stainless steel use (mill products) versus total stainless steel use (plus trade balance of stainless containing goods). Source: IMF, Yale, Vale Inco
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 23POTENTIAL
Figure 16 Stainless steel use per sector - 2016
Construction 12.2%
Metal products37.8%
Motor vehicles in developing countries
5.1%
Motor vehicles in developed countries
19.0%
Electrical machinery
7.7%
Motor vehicles and parts
9.6%
Mechanical engineering
27.8%
Other transport4.9%
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 24
Data sources
Unless otherwise indicated, all data in this booklet has been provided by the International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF).
Data has also been provided by:1. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
2. Vale Inco
3. Yale University: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies (Reck et al.)
ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 25
About ISSFThe International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) is a non-profit research and development organisation which was founded in 1996 and which serves as the focal point for the international stainless steel industry.
Who are the members?
ISSF has two categories of membership: company members and affiliated members. Company members are producers of stainless steel (integrated mills and rerollers). The association has 56 members from all over the world and currently represents approximately 90% of the total production of stainless steel.
Vision
Stainless steel provides sustainable solutions for everyday life.
More informationFor more information about ISSF, please consult our website worldstainless.org.
For more information about stainless steel and sustainability, please consult the sustainablestainless.org website.
Contact [email protected]
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