ISMS SymposiumChampaign-Urbana, 19 June 2014

Wim UbachsVU University Amsterdam

Effelsberg

Search for a variation of the proton-electron mass ratiofrom methanol observations

ALMAIRAM

More sensitive molecules ?

Laboratory vs. cosmological experiments

Cs2 molecule; X1S (v=138) ~ a3S (v=370) DeMille et al.

Hyperfine and Rotation cancellation;LaS, LaO, LuO, YbF, etc Flambaum

Fine structure and vibration cancellationCuS, IrC, Cl2

+, SiBr, etc Kozlov/Flambaum

Dy-atom for a-variation Budker

229Th clock Peik a.o.

H3O+ ions Kozlov/Levshakov

NH3 molecules Bethlem/Flambaum/Kozlov

a3P state of CO Bethlem/Ubachs

Laboratory searches for m-variation

CO a3P metastable state

~A~α2

~B~1/μ

Kμ=-334

Kμ=-27.3

CO a3P metastable state; Laser spectroscopy

Q2(1)

Sub-Doppler

Results, accuracy < 5 MHz (3 x 10-9)

De Nijs et al., Phys. Rev. A 84, 052509 (2011)

W=1, J=6W=0, J=8

CO a3P ; Ramsey microwave spectroscopy

394064870(10) Hz

What should you look at ?Search for higher sensitivity molecule at high z

Calculations Extreme shifters

Comprehensive analysis of C3v moleculesMethanol is most sensitive

Torsion + Wagging motionin MethylaminePhys. Rev. A85 (2012) 062505

+ Methylmercaptan CH3SHPhys. Rev. A87, 052509 (2013)

Methanol: the extreme shifter

48372.4558 MHz; K=-148376.892 MHz; K=-1

12178.597 MHz; K=-3360531.1489 MHz; K=-7

Radio Observations

Radio-loud quasarPKS1830-211

Intervening galaxywith cold methanol

100-m dish

Receivers’ range:0.4 – 86 GHz

Redshift z=0.89 corresponds to a lookback time of

7 billion years

PKS1830-211 “The Molecular Factory at high redshift”

Effelsberg Radio Telescope

PKS-1830-211“molecular factory”

at z=0.88582(7 Gyrs look-back)

A Stringent Limit on a DriftingProton-to-Electron Mass Ratiofrom Alcohol in the Early UniverseBagdonaite, Jansen, Henkel, Bethlem, Menten, Ubachs, Science 339 (2013) 46

710

K=-33

K=-1

K=-7

IRAM-30mPico Veleta(august 2012)

(1,0)-(1,-1)E 83396.5 MHz(2,0)-(2,-1)E 83399.3 MHz(3,0)-(3,-1)E 83397.4 MHz

K=-3.4 (all three components)

The Atacama Large Millimeter Array

Chajnantor, Chile5 km altitude

Methanol 30-41A at rest frequency492278.713 MHz

K=-1.6

Systematic effects

Result from three telescopes

B0218+357 ?

2014

Reobservation 6.5 GHzat Effelsberg

AnalysisEVLA- data(Array telescope)

Some conclusion

For redshifts z ~ 1 (7 Gyrs): 710

Rate of change:11710

yrt

Find objects at high redshift with methanol !

Thanks & Acknowledgement

Paul Jansen

Rick Bethlem

KarlMenten

ChristianHenkel

SebastienMuller

Julija Bagdonaite

Isabelle Kleiner

Li-HongXu

NissimKanekar