islamic+philosophy+of+adu

8/11/2019 Islamic+Philosophy+Of+Adu

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Islamic Philosophy of Education

Islamic Philosophy

1. Based on revelation or wahyu

2. Tawhid

- There is no other God except Allah- Allah to be in every aspect of a Muslim life

thoughts and deed

- the greatest sin committed by a Muslim is toworship other form of worship god besides

Allah (syirik)

3. Based on the knowledge of The Holy Quran andSunnah

4. Harmony of life in this world and aftermath.


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5. Ubudiyah - total submission to Allah;servants of Allah .

6. Preservation of the ecology and harmony in

society.

7. Integration of the human and revealedknowledge.

8. Integration of knowledge , faith and deed.


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Metaphysics in Islam

1) The core of Islamic belief is metaphysics. The universe/world isAllahs creation, hence, man must not exploit the world they live in

2). Opposed Charles Darwin Theory of Evolution.

4). Islamic metaphysics concerned with finding truth about nature ofGod, nature of truth, nature of universe, nature of man, life afterdeath and purpose of all creations.

5.) Difference between Islamic metaphysics and Westernmetaphysics is Islamic metaphysics recognizes existence of

spiritual or unseen realities


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6. The universe/word is depiction andmanifestation of Allah greatness as illustratedin the Holy Quran. (Sunnatullah)

Metaphysics and the existence of Man

1. Human beings or insanbest creation ofAllah compared to other beings (angels,animals, unseen elements).Allah SWT.

- Surah Attin Verse 4-6:

We have certainly created man in the best ofstature; Then We return him to the lowest of thelow, except for those who believe and dorighteous deeds, for they will have a reward

uninterrupted.


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Creation of Man

Humans as Allahs best and most perfect creations status of vicegerant or khalifah and endowed withphysical, spiritual and mental/intellectual attributes andpotential

Man given to the freedom of choice between good andevil deeds

The world created for man to seek to live in harmony

using the natural resources to sustain livelihood.Hence, in Islam humans are not deprived of naturalliving and resort t life of sage and complete seclusion.


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Surah Al-Ahzab verse : 72

Indeed, we offered the Trust to the heavens and theearth and the mountains, and they declined to bear itand feared it; but man [undertook to] bear it. Indeed, hewas unjust and ignorant.

Surah Al-Mulk verse15:

It is He who made the earth tame for you - so walkamong its slopes and eat of His provision - and to Him isthe resurrection.

Surah An-Nahl verse 10:

It is He who sends down rain from the sky; from it isdrink and from it is foliage in which you pasture

[animals].


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3. Al-Quranmany occurences of the word insan or

man

- Surah A t-t t inverse 4:

We have certainly created man in the best ofstature;

- Surah Al-Alaq verse 1-5

Recite in the name of your Lord who created

Created man from a clinging substance.

Recite, and your Lord is the most Generous

Who taught by the pen

Taught man that which he knew not.


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Aims of Allahs creation of man:

- fitrah - pure and does not inherit original sin

- need no baptism or bonded in karma

- man- judged according to his deeds in this world

- man is perfectly endowed with physical, mental andspiritual attributes to live in harmony with his fellowmen and to worship only Allah.


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6. Mans physical needs/desires are

measured according to the followinglevels:

- ammarah (lowest level in

which mans actions are likened tobeasts and animals)

- mutmainah (man in his most perfectexistence with highest and mostnoble attributes)


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Highest level

Kamilah

Mardiyah

Radiyah

Mutmainah

Mulhamah

LawammahAmmarah Lowest level


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Creation of man:

Surah Aththariq Verse 5-8

So let man observe from what he was created.

He was created from a fluid, ejected,

Emerging from between the backbone and the ribs.Indeed, Allah , to return him [to life], is Able.

Verses of The Prophet Muhammad SAW PBUH:

Eve was created from the ribs of Adam, not from hishead to be uphold, nor from his feet to be stepped. Butfrom his side (ribs) to be his life partner, close to hisarms to shelter her, and also close to his heart to loveher


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Mans retribution in the hereafter life depends on his

deeds.

Mans rational mind always in conflict with influence ofthe devils and satan (main enemies of the Muslims)

Genetic factorimportant factor in Islam


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Islamic Epistemology Transfer and inculcation of knowledge in Adam

Surah Al-Baqarah: Verses 31:32: 33

And He taught Adam the names - all of them. Then

He showed them to the angels and said, "Inform Me of

the names of these, if you are truthful.

They said, "Exalted are You; we have no knowledgeexcept what You have taught us. Indeed, it is You who is

the Knowing, the Wise.

He said, "O Adam, inform them of their names." And

when he had informed them of their names, He said,"Did I not tell you that I know the unseen [aspects] of the

heavens and the earth? And I know what you reveal and

what you have concealed."


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Al-Quran

- greatest book and authority of Truth (the Haqq)

- knowledge of the Quranpermanent truth in the

mind, heart , soul and spirit of man

Recipients of knowledge in Islam should leave aneverlasting impact in the intellectual, emotional anddeep meaning or maana

Only knowledge based on the Quran leads toeverlasting truth and faith

Tawhidacknowledgement of Allah as the sole bearerof truth orhaqq; hence, if one is in doubt- the Quranis the best reference


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Surah Al-Hujuraat Verse: (49):6

O you who have believed, if there comes to you adisobedient one with information, investigate, lest youharm people out of ignorance and become, over whatyou have done, regretful.

Knowledge of the Sunnahreliable source ofknowledge in comprehending the principles andmethodology of the Quran; a critical analysis ofpractical aspect of the implementation of the principlesof the Quran

The Prophet Muhammad SAW (PBUH) the best moralexemplar; his translation of the teachings of the Quraninto his daily practices.


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Islamic Ethics (Akhlak)

Islamic ethics derived from the Quran and Sunnah and

not purely human reasoning.

A knowledgeable person necessarily is a virtuousperson.

Islamic ethicsmanifestation of relationships betweenindividuals and individuals, and individual person and

Allah.

The prophet Muhammad (PBUH)the best moralexample for Muslims to emulate (never commit a sin,with noble values)


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Virtues in Islam:

a. justice

b. benevolencec. avoid vicious deeds; lusts and sinful acts;

arrogance; jealousy and hatred.

Ethical and Moral Virtuesmain platform to maintain

peace and harmony in a nation and its population as thefollowing can be avoided:

- extravagance and opulence

- destruction

- moral decay

- injustice

- dictatorship


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Islamic Ethics:

- universal

- transcends time and space- integrate faith, deed and social structure

- does not separate faith and material living

- does not sacrifice the physical element for the sakeof complete spiritual contemplation and vice versa

Values - in moderation

O children of Adam, take your adornment at everymasjid, and eat and drink, but be not excessive. Indeed,He likes not those who commit excess.

(Surah Al-Araf:31).


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Surah Al-Isra :27:

Indeed, the wasteful are brothers of the devils, andever has Satan been to his Lord ungrateful.

Islamic ethics and virtues:- temperance and moderate

- is not in conflict with the original creation of man andhis natural attributes.

- complements a healthy mind and body and itsphysical and emotional needs

- do not prescribe an ascetic or life of a hermit leavingaltogether worldly existence

- thankful to Allah for his benevolence and act in

accordance to Islamic principles of dos anddonts.


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.

5 important aspects of Islamic ethics:

a. Moral Conscience

- main motivating factor is spiritual guidanceinculcated through education, worship of Allah

- love of brotherhood

b. Moral Obligation)

- religion being the main motivating factor/force

and not law or regulation

C. Moral Judgment

- Religion as the main source of ethical/moral judgment

d. Moral Responsibility

- core of moral and ethical deeds

e. Moral Rewards

- reward and punishment (pahala dan dosa)

- justice


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Islamic ethics embodied in the rules and

regulations both individually (fardhuain)and collectively (fardhu kifayah).


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Islamic Philosophy of Education

The formal definition of education in Islam

as given by Al-Attas is:

Recognition and acknowledgement,

progressively instilled into man, of the

proper places of things in the order of

creation, such that it leads to the

recognition and acknowledgement of theproper place of God in the order of being

and existence (Al-Attas, 1980: 22).


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In Islam, the definition of education - not confined toepistemological concerns but also includes ethical andother dimensions:

Islamic education aim at harmonious formation of thehuman personality.

Education shall not only strive for the harmony of thoughtand action, instinct and reason, feelings and emotion.

Also for depth of knowledge and beauty of character.


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The Islamic concept of harmony includes

the formation of a certain type ofcharacter:

- humility towards God

- love towards fellow creatures

- perseverance in times of affliction,honesty, decency, uprightness

- courage to say the truth, a balancedattitude towards issues whichinvolve human emotions, etc.


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Goals of Islamic Education

Thus, self-education strives for arriving at fruitful resultsin the field of personal conduct and observance ofIslamic laws, when conforming to Islamic teachings.

"Read: In the name of your Lord who created, Whocreated man from a clot. Read: And your Lord is theMost Generous Who taught by the pen; Who taught man

what he did not know."

(Quran, Surah Al-Alaq 96:1-5)

Among the first words of the Quran to be revealed to theProphet, Muhammad (s), in the cave at Hira was thecommand to "Read" - an instruction to engage in alearning activity.


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The first five ayah of Surah al Alaq- those that theProphet(s) received in that historic first experience of

Divine Revelation - contain the words "read", "teach" and"pen", all related to learning wherever they are found inthe Quran.

In Surah al Baqarah, Ayah 31, "And He taught Adam the

names of all things ...".- the above is a reference to the acquisition ofknowledge that distinguishes humanity fromthe rest of creation and whichestablishes the superiority of humans over allthe creatures of the earth.


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- having taught Adam (a) "the names of all things", Allahtested the angels by asking them to tell Him the namesof things placed before them.

- the angels answered, "Glory to Thee: of knowledge wehave none, save what Thou has taught us..." (2:32).

- Then Allah asked them to bow down in respect beforeAdam (a) who had been chosen - together with hisprogeny - to be the recipient of the Divine gift ofknowledge.


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In Islam, the scope of knowledge is as limitless as the

extent of the universe itself

The purpose for which we educate ourselves is to

develop taqwa- a highly developed and profound

awareness of Allah

Both Quranic learning and the physical sciences should

equally promote and inculcate Islamic values.


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The goal of Islamic education:

- creation of adab in the individual being educated

- Hence, education or tarbiyah is a process ofinstilling adab

- Adab - mental and spiritual disciplines

- deeds in accordance to the righteous path or siratul

mustaqim- acknowledging the right and proper place of things,objects and actions

- a sense of humility and not arrogance

- willingness to share knowledge amongst fellow men.


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Educationend product is an integrated and holisticindioviduals or insan kamil thorough the process oftadib, taalim, irshad and tadris

Tarbiyah originally from the word rabb (Essence ofAllahs greatness)

- meaning education

- process of educating is not devoid of spiritual

guidance and illumination from Allah.

Talim :

- transfer of knowledge which results in anindividual realization of his status and fucntion

as vicegerent with knowledge received-


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Irshad :

- the guiding light or in the life in the world and thehereafter as depicted in the Quran

Tadris:

- the teaching of a discipline of knowledge by ateacher ( pedagogy)

Islamic principles of education is highlighted in the Al-

Quran in Surah Al-Alaq Ayat 1-5 and Surah Al-Muddatsir Ayat 1-7.


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Surah Al Alaq ayat 1-5

Recite in the name of your Lord who created

Created man from a clinging substance.

Recite, and your Lord is the most Generous

Who taught by the pen

Taught man that which he knew not.

Iqrak meaning : Read Oh Muhammad! - the mind isthe most important element bestowed upon man by

Allah should constantly seek guidance from Allah


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Surah Al-Muddatsir Ayat 1-7.

O you who covers himself [with a garment],

Arise and warn

And your Lord glorify

And your clothing purify

And uncleanliness avoid

And do not confer favor to acquire more

But for your Lord be patient.

The surah above is indication of Islam emphasis onphysical and spiritual purity and cleanliness.

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