Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS/ISO 105-C09 (2001): Textiles Tests for Colour Fasteness: Part C09 Colour Fastness to Domestic and CommercialLaundering Oxidative Bleach Response Using a Non-PhosphateReference Detergent Incorporating a Low Temperature BleachActivator [TXD 5: Chemical Methods of Test]

15/150 lOS-COg: 2001

1-f1 '<:rfJ (f ifF! Cf)

q ~~ I~ - - trT ~~ ~ LR1afUT~ COg ~~ CllCFHI~Ch ~ ~~ -m 11fu irr q)l qCkhlq""! .- ~c~

~c'!Jlc c)} umrr ~ COil (flTf~~ \3dl'!Ch~ 3flcfrflCh'!ol~ q)l~

Indian Standard

TEXTILES - TESTS FOR COLOUR FASTNESSPART COg COLOUR FASTNESS TO DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL LAUNDERING

- OXIDATIVE BLEACH RESPONSE USING A NON-PHOSPHATE REFERENCEDETERGENT INCORPORATING A LOW TEMPERATURE BLEACH ACTIVATOR

ICS 59.080.01

© BIS 2009

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSM AN A K B HAVM J. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

j,; E W D ELHI 11000 2

July 2009 Price Group 8

Chemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee, TXD 05

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Part C09) which is identical with ISO 105-C09 : 2001 Textiles - Tests forcolour fastness - Part C09: Colour fastness to domestic and commercial laundering - Oxidativebleach response using a non-phosphate reference detergent incorporating a low temperature bleachactivator' issued by the International Organ ization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by theBureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the Chemical Methods of Test SectionalCommittee and approval of the Texti le Division Council.

Colour fastness of dyed/printed textile materials to various agencies during the ir further treatment oractual use is an important performance requirement from the viewpoint of the user or consumer. Thevarious agencies to which text ile materials may be subsequently subjected may include water, acids,alkalis, organic solvents, washing , laundering, drycleaning , perspiration, light, gaseous fumes,bleaching, rubbing, carbonizing, felting , etc and the colour of textile materials should be fast to theseagencies and should not change considerably. The colour should also not bleed and stain theadjacent fabrics which are subjected to these agencies along with coloured fabrics. The colourfastness property of coloured textiles is, therefore, measured in terms of colour fastness ratings withrespect to change in colour and/or staining of adjacent fabr ics.

Since colour fastness is one of the most important requirement for export of textiles, it is consideredessential that Indian Standards related to colour fastness are completely harmonized withInternational Standards. The various Indian Standards on colour fastness testing, are , therefore, beingrevised to align them with the corresponding International Standards and are being published inParts A to Z.

The test method specif ied in this part are intended to reflect the effect of multicycle laundering usingan activated bleach detergent by domest ic or commercial laundering procedures. The washes arecarried out in a similar manner to the ISO 105-C06 tests using an activated oxygen bleach andreference detergent at 60'C. .

The text of ISO St~ndard has been approved as suitable for publ ication as an Indian Standard withoutdeviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.Attention is particularly drawn to the follow inq;

a) Wherever the words 'International Standard' appear referring to this standard, they shouldbe read as 'Indian Standard '.

b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker in the International Standards, while inIndian Standards , the current pract ice is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.

In this adopted standard , reference appears to certain International Standards for which IndianStanda~ds also exist. . The corresponding Indian Standards, which are to be substituted in theirrespective places, are listed below along with their degree of equ ivalence for the editions indicated:

International Standard

ISO 105-A01 : 1994 Texti les - Tests forcolour fastness - Part A01: Generalprinciples of testing

ISO 105-A02 : 1993 Textiles - Tests forcolour fastness - Part A02: Grey scalefor assessing change in colour

Corresponding Indian Standard

IS/ISO 105-A01 : 1994 Textiles - Testsfor colour fastness: Part A01 Generalprinciples of testing

ISIISO 105-A02 : 1993 Textiles - Testsfor colour fastness: Part A02 Grey scalefor assess ing change in colour

Degree ofEquivalence

Identical

do

\

(Continued on third cover)

ISIISO 105-C09: 2001

Indian StandardTEXTILES - TESTS FOR COLOUR FASTNESS

PART cog COLOUR FASTNESS TO DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL LAUNDERING- OXIDATIVE BLEACH RESPONSE USING A NON-PHOSPHATE REFERENCEDETERGENT INCORPORATING A LOW TEMPERATURE BLEACH ACTIVATOR

1 Scope

This part of ISO 105 specifies a method for determining the consumer relevant shade change of textiles, of an kinds ,(excluding silk and wool) and in all forms, to domestic/commercial laundering procedures in which a bleach activator(oxygen bleaching system) is used.

The colour fastness resulting from oxygen bleaching in this test provides an indication of the shade change behaviourobserved after multiple domestic/commerciallaunderings.

This part of ISO 105 is not applicable for the assessment of the dye sta ining of adjacent fabrics, where suitablemethods are described in ISO 105-A04.

This part of ISO 105 does not reflect the contribution of optical brighteners, which are present in some commercialwashing products, to shade change.

This part of ISO 105 specifies a procedure incorporating the use of ECE 1) non-phosphate reference detergent,sodium perborate tetrahydrate. and the bleach activator tetra-acetylethylenediamine (TAED). An attemative testprocedure using the AATCC 1993 zero phosphate reference detergent (without optical brightener), and incorporatingsodium perborate monohydrate and the bleach activator sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulphonate (SNOBS) iscurrently under development.

2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis part of ISO 105. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications donot apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 105 are encouraged to investigate the possibilityof applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latestedition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently validInternational Standa rds.

ISO 105-A01 :1994, Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part A01 : General principles of testing

ISO 105-A02:1993 , Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour

ISO 105-A05 :1996 , Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part AOS: Instrumental assessment of change in colourfor determination of grey scale rating

ISO 105-J01:1997, Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part J01 : General principles for measurement of surfacecolour

1i European Colourlaslness Establishment (EGE). BAM. Unter den Eichen 87.0-12203. Bertin. Gennany.

1

ISIISO 105-C09: 2001

ISO 105-J03:1995, Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part J03: Calculationofcolour differences

ISO 3696:1987, Water for analyticallaboratoryuse - Specification and test methods

3 Principle

A specimen of the textile is laundered, rinsed and dried . Specimens are I~undered unde~ specifie~ conditions. oftemperature, alkalinity and bleach concentration such that a fading result which correla~eswith a mUlt~cyc'e machinewashing is obtained in a conveniently short time. The change in colour of the specimen IS assessed WIth reference tothe original fabric, either with the grey scale or instrumentally. .

4 Reagents and materials

4.1 Reference detergent.

4.1.1 ECE non-phosphate reference detergent base powder (1998 formulation).

4.1.2 Bleach lICtivator, tetra-acetylethylenediamine. TAED.

4.1.3 Sodium perborate tetrahydrate.

4.2 Grade 3 water, complying with ISO 3696.

4.3 Grey scale, for assessing change in colour complying with ISO 105-A02 or a spectrophotometer for assessingchange in colour complying with ISO 105-J01 .

4.4 Filter papers.

5 Apparatus

5.1 Suitable mechanical laundering device, consisting of a water bath containing a rotatable shaft whichsupports, radially. stainless steel containers (75 mm ± 5 mm diameter x 125 mm ± 10 mm high) of capacity(550 ± SO) mi. the bottom of the containers being (45 ± 10) mm from the centre of the shaft. The shaft/containerassembly is rotated at a frequency of (40 ± 2) min - 1 . The temperature of the water bath is thermostaticallycontrolled to maintain the test solution at the prescribed temperature ± 2 " C.

Other mechanical devices may be used for this test, provided that the results are identical with those obtained by theapparatus described in 5.1.

5.2 Balance. accurate to ± O,01g (see ISO 105-A01).

5.3 Mechanical Stirrer, minimum 16.667 S-1 (1000 rpm) to ensure thorough dispersion and prevent settling.

6 Test specimen

6.1 If the textile to be tested is fabric, cut a SO mm x 100 mm piece .

6.2 Yarn may be knitted into fabric of dimensions SO mm x 100 rnrn, and tested in th is form . Alternatively, for yarnsand threads. form a wick of parallel lengths 100 mm long and about 5 mm in diameter. Determine the mass of thespecimen and either tie both ends or sew on to a piece of polypropylene backing cloth (SOmm x 100 mm) assupport. In the latter case, only the mass of yams and threads are taken to determine the liquor ratio volumes.

6.3 Determ ine the mass . in grams. of the specimen using the balance (5.2), to aid accurate liquor ratio volumes.

2

ISIISO tcs-coa. 2001

7 Procedure

Provision is made in annex A for a washing procedure using a bleach activator and reference detergent.

8 Test report

The test report shall include the following information :

a) reference to this part of ISO 105 i.e. ISO 105-C09;

b) all details necessary for complete identification of the sample tested;

c) the numerical grey scale rating and/or instrumental assessment for the change in colour of the specimen;

d) the reference detergent and bleach activator.

3

ISIISO 10S-COO:2001

AnnexA(normative)

ECE non-phosphate reference detergent I TAED procedure

A.1 The reference detergent is supplied in three separate parts as given in Table A.1.

a) ECE non-phosphate reference detergent base powder (1998 Formulation ).

b) Bleach activator, tetra-acetylethylenediamine (TAED).

c) Sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaB03·4H20).

For details of sources of supply apply to: The Society of Dyers and Colourists, PO Box 244 , 82 Grattan Road,Bradford BD1 2JB England or Deutsche Echtheitskommiss ion, Institutweg 1, 85435 Erding, Germany.

Table A.1 - ECE 1998 non-phosphate reference detergent (without optical brightener)

a) Base detergent %

Linear sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate (mean length of alkane chain Cn .s) 9,7

Ethoxylated fatty alcohol C12-18 (7EO) 5.2

Sodium soap. chain length C12-17 46 % : C 18-20 54 % 3,6

Foam Inhibitor, DC2 - 4245 4.5

Sodium aluminium silicate (zeolite 4A) 32,5

Sodium carbonate . 11,8

Sodium sail of a copolymer from acrylic and maleic acid 5,2

Sodium silicate (Si02:Na20 = 3,3:1) 3,4

Carboxymethytcellulose (CMC) 1,3

Diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) 0.8

Sodium sulfate 9,8

Water 12,2

b) Tetra-acetylethylenedlamlne (TAED) 100 % activea As separate addition

c) Sodium perborate tetrahydrate As separate add itiona The activity of the suppl ied TAED will be specified and is likely to be less than 100 %.

The required amount (9) of TAED per litre of wash liquor is calculated:

1,8 x 100

% activity

4

ISIISO 10S-C09: 2001

A.2 Prepare the wash liquor by dispersing 10 g of the ECE non-phosphate reference detergent base powder[A.1 a)] plus 1,8 g TAED [A.1 b)] (at 100 % activity) (see Table A.1 for details of calculation where the activity of theTAED is less than 100 %) and 12 g sodium perborate tetrahydrate [A.1 c) per litre of grade 3 water (4.2).

A minimum of 1 I detergent solution (A.2) should be prepared immediately prior to each laundering run.

A.3 Vigorously disperse the ECE base detergent powder, TAED and the sodium perborate tetrahydrate In theamounts specified in A.2 using the mixer at a minimum speed of 16,667 s 1 (1000 rpm) in grade 3 water (4.2) at(2S ± S) "C and stir for (10 ± 1) min.

A.4 Place the specimen in one of the containers of the laundering device (S.1). Add to the container theappropriate volume of wash liquor to provide a liquor:specimen ratio of 100:1. Check that the solution is at the initialtemperature (2S ± S) "C. Close the container. place in the laundering device (S.1) and commence rotation.

A.S Raise the temperature at a rate of (1,S ± O,S) DC per min to the required temperature of (60 ± 2) "C andcontinue to run the test for a further (30 ± 1) min at this temperature.

A.6 Remove the specimen at the end of the wash and place in a 4 I beaker half filled with grade 3 water (4.2) atambient temperature. Gently agitate, rinse for 1 min and then place the beaker under a cold running tap for 10 min .

A.7 Squeeze the test specimen by hand to remove the excess water.

A.S Dry the specimen by pressing flat between filter papers to remove excess wllter. Then air dry at a temperaturenot exceeding 60 DC.

A.9 Assess the change in colour of the specimen using grey scale or instrumentally with reference to the originalfabric (4.3). (See also ISO 10S-A02; ISO 10S-AOS; ISO 10S-J01, ISO 10S-J03.)

5

181180 10S-C09: 2001

Bibliography

(1) ISO 105-A04:1989, Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part A04: Method for the instrumental assessmentof the degree of staining of adjacent fabrics

6

IsnSO 105-C09: 2001

TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1

Technical Corrigendum 1 to Intemational Standard ISO 105-C09:2001 was prepared by Technical CommitteeISOrrG 38. Textiles. Subcomm ittee SC 1, Tests for coloured textiles and colorants.

Page 1

Scope

There is an additional paragraph to the Scope as follows:

"These methods are designed for the detergents and bleach systems given. Other detergents and bleachsystems may require different cond itions and levels of ingredients."

7

ISIISO 105-C09: 2001

AMENDMENT 1

Page 1. Clause 1

Delete 4th paragraph.

Replace 5th paragraph with the following text.

This part of ISO 105 specifies a procedure incorporating the use of ECE1) non-phosphate referencedetergent. sodium perborate tetrahydrate. and the bleach activator tetra-acetylethylenediamine (TAED)(see Annex A) and a procedure incorporating the use of AATCC 1993 zero phosphate referencedetergent (without optical brightener). sodium perborate monohydrate and the bleach activator sodiumnonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (SNOBS) (see Annex B).

This method has been designed for the detergents and bleach systems given. Other detergents andbleach systems may require different conditions and levels of ingredient.

Page 2. subclause 4.1

Add the following subclauses under "Reference detergent".

4.1.4 AATCC 1993 Standard Reference Detergent Base Powder.

4.1.5 Bleach activator. sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (SNOBS/NOBS).

4.1.6 Sodium perborate monohydrate (PB1).

Page 3. Clause 7

Delete existing text and replace with the following.

Provisions are made in Annexes A and B for washing procedures using a specific bleach activator andreference detergent combination.

1) European Colourtastness Establishment (ECE).

8

ISIISO 10S-C09: 2001

Page 6

Add the following annex before the Bibliography.

Annex B(normative)

AATCC 1993 Standard Reference Detergent/SNOBS procedure

8 .1 This annex specifies a procedure incorporating the use of AATCC 1993 Standard Reference Detergent(without fluorescent whitening agent and without phosphate), sodium perborate monohydrate (PB1), andsodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (SNOBS/NOBS)

The materials are supplied in three separate parts as given in Table B.1·

a) AATCC 1993 Standard Reference Detergent Base Powder;

b) bleach activator , sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (SNOBS/NOBS):

c) sodium perborate monohydrate (PB1).

For details of sources of supply apply to: AATCC, PO Box 12215, 1 Davis Drive. Research Tnangle Park.NC 27709, U.S.A, wwwaatcc org2)

Table 8.1 - AATCC 1993 Standard Reference Detergentand required materials (without optical brightener or-phosphates)

a) Base detergent % ( . 0.02)

Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate . sodrum salt (C ' 1.8 LAS ) 18.00

Sodium alumino silicate solids 25.00

Sodium carbonate 18 00

Sodium sincate solids (S,O/ Na20 = 1.6) 0.50

Sodium sulfate 22.13

Polyethylene glycol 2.76

Sodium polyacrylate 3.50

Silicone. suds suppressor 0.04

Moisture 1000

Miscellaneous (unreacted In surfactant stocks ) 0.07

b) Sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (SNOBS/Na BS) (100 % active ) As separate addmon

c) Sod ium perborate monohydrate (PB ' ) As separate addrnon

2) AATCC Standard Reference Detergent Base Powder IS an example of a suitable produ ct available cornrnercrany ThiSinformation is given for the convenience of users of tms part of ISO 105 and does not consntute an endorsement by ISO oftnis product

9

ISIISO 10S-C09: 2001

B.2 Prepare the wash liquor by dissolving 10 g of the 1993 MTCC Standard Reference Detergent (WOB)powder [B.1a)] plus 4 g bleach activator (100 % activity) [B.1b») and 3 g sodium perborate monohydrate[B.1c») per litre of grade 3 water (4.2)

NOTE A minimum of 1 I detergent solution (B.2) should be prepared immediately prior to each laundering run.

B.3 Preheat this solution to (20 ± 2) ·C and stir using an electric/automatic stirrer for (10 ± 1) min to ensurethorough dispersion of chemicals .

B.4 Add to each accelerated test canister the appropriate volume of wash liquor to provide aliquor:specimen ratio of 100 ml wash liquor:1 g of fabric. (Test one specimen per accelerated test canister).

B.5 Preheat the canister to (20 ± 2) ·C . then place the test specimen in the canister. Place in the launderingdevice (5.1) and commence rotation.

B.6 Increase the temperature at a maximum of 2 ·C/min to (60 ± 2) ·C and continue to run for a further30 min at (60 ± 2) ·C .

B.7 Stop the machine. remove the canisters and empty the contents into beakers keeping each testspecimen in a separate beaker. Rinse each test specimen three times, in beakers. in grade 3 water (4.2) at(40 ± 3) ·C for 1 min periods with occasional stirring or hand squeezing .

B.8 Squeeze the test specimen by hand to remove the excess water.

B.9 Dry the specimen by hand pressing flat between filter papers to remove excess water . then lay thespecimen flat on a drying rack or screen not exceeding 60 ·C.

B.10 Allow the specimen to condition at (65 ± 2) % RH and (21 ± 1)·C for 1 h before evaluating.

B.11 Assess the change in colour of the specimen using the grey scale (4.3) or instrumentally with referenceto the original fabric. (See also ISO 105-A02; ISO 105-A05; ISO 105-J01; ISO 105-J03.)

10

IsnSO lOS-COg: 2001

NATIONAL ANNEX A(National Foreword)

EXTRACTS FROM INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 105-J01 'TEXTILES - TESTS FOR COLOUR FASTNESS-

PART J01: GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE COLOUR

A-1 Principle

Materials of an opaque or nearly opaque nature (but not translucent) are measured by reflectancemethods in order to obtain a numerical representat ion of the colour of the specimen.

NOTES: 1 Proper equ ipment set-up, standardizat ion of the colour measuring instrument andproper presentation of the test specimens to the instrument are required to achieve consistent ,reliable and meaningful reflectance measurement results .

2 In general, instrumental colour measurement procedures are dictated by the type of specimento be measured and the instrument with which it will be measured . Many types of colourmeasuring instrumentation are available, differing in such features as area-of-view, illuminationmethod, and geometry. The user is cautioned that conflict ing results may be obtained oncomparisons of data acqu ired on instruments of different designs.

A-2 Apparatus

A-2.1 Reflectance colour measuring instrument, for illuminating a specimen and measuring theamount of light which is reflected from the surface of the specimen . Illuminat ion is usuallypolychromatic (white light) ; howeve r monochromat ic mode is acceptable for non-fluorescentspecimens. Reflectance colour measuring instruments may be broadly divided into two groups:

a) Spectrophotometers (typically diffuse/O, using polychromatic illumination) separate andmeasure the spectrum of light reflected from the specimen relative to a reference white atregular intervals (wavelength intervals of 5 nm, 10 nm and 20 nm are most common). Thesedata may be used to calculate the desired tristimulus values (X, Y,Z) for any given illuminant andobserver. Some spectrophotometers (typically O/diffuse) illuminate the sample withmonochromatic light and measure the amount of light reflected from the surface as the sampleis illuminated at regular wavelength intervals.

b) Colorimeters measure the tristimulus values (X,Y,Z) directly through broadband filters which aredesigned to produce colorimetric values for one illuminant and observer (typically C/2).Measurement of reflectance factors at specific wavelengths is not possible with a colorimeter .

Diffuse/O (sphere) instruments illuminate the specimen indirectly when the specimen is placed againsta port opening into a diffusely illuminated sphere and view the specimen at an angle between 0° and10° from the perpendicular. This arrangement is designed to capture all light reflected from thespecimen. Some sphere instruments with a viewing angle greater than 0° include a specular portwhich permits the inclusion of exclusion of the specular reflectance.

O/diffuse (sphere) instruments are similar, but the path of illumination and viewing are reversed. Thismethods illuminates the sample at an angle between 0° and 10° and measures the amount of lightreflected from the surface into the sphere.

Instruments with 45/0 (or 0/45) geometry illuminate the specimen at the first angle and view thespecimen at the second. These two geometries can be either circumferential (viewing or illuminatingat 45 to the specimen in a complete circle) or directional. For most textile samples . either 45/0 or 0145yield equivalent results.

A-2.2 White calibrated standard . with which to standardize the instrument. The colorimetric valuesfor this calibration standard are stored in the instrument or the software and require only that aspecific standard be used to standardize the instrument. The correct white standard is usuallyidentified with a serial number.

11

151150 lOS-COg: 2001

A-2.3 Black standard, required for some instruments. It may be of zero reflectance (a light trap) orit may be cal ibrated, in which case the comments in A-8.2.2 shall apply.

A-3 Procedure

A-3.1

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

General

Collect and prepare spec imen , noting any special sampling and/or cond itioning procedures thatmay be required as described in A-8.3.3.

Standardize instrument accord ing to A-8.3.2. Maintain a record of the procedure and the results

of any verification standards measured.

Present specimen to colour measuring instrument following any special techniques required forthe type of material being measured per section A-8.3.4.

Measure the colour of the specimen, obtain ing the appropriate spectral reflectance factors (ortristimulus values if a colorimeter is used).

Calculate colorimetric values, if required, as described in clause A-8.4.

A-3 .2 Standardization

Proper standardization of any colour measuring instrument is necessary in order to achieve moreprecise and accurate resu lts. While different types of instruments require varying methods ofstandardization , there are common principles which shall be observed.

In general , instrument standardization involves measuring a clean wh ite surface of known reflectancefactors and calculating (through software built into the instrument or computer program) a series ofcorrection factors which will be applied to subsequent measurements. Some instruments also requirea black tile (or light trap), and possibly a grey tile. Each of these materials shall be maintained in itsoriginal clean, unscratched cond ition. Refer to the specific manufacturer's recommendations forcleaning instructions.

The frequency with which this standardization is performed depends on many factors including thetype of instrument, the environmental conditions in which the instrument operates, and the requi redaccuracy of the results . For most applications, an interval of 2 h to 4 h is acceptable.

Once the standardization step has been performed, it is important to ver ify the success of theprocedure by measuring some colou red materials (verification standards) and comparing the result ingcolorimetric values to the or iginal values for these mater ials. If the measured values do not fall with inan acceptable variation from the ir orig inal values, the standardization is not considered valid. Thenumber of ver ificat ion standards and the acceptability limits depend on user requirements, but aretypically 1 to 3 standards and an acceptance limit of 0,20 ~ECMC(2 : 1 ) D6s11 0 units.

A-3.3 Sampling

All measurements taken on colour measuring inst rumentation involve "sampling". The area-of-view ofthe instrument, the number of presentations averaged to produce a single measurement, the difficultyof present ing the specimen to the instrument. and the accuracy with wh ich the sample represents theobjec t of concern (garment, roll, dyelot, etc.) all play important parts in ach ievinq mean ingfu l andreproducible results.

A-3.4 Specimen preparation

The ideal specimen to measure is a rigid. non-textured, inert, opaque spe cimen of uniform colour.Such ideal specimens do not exist in text iles, so it becomes necessary to emp loy techniques andpractices when meas uring most textile mater ials which eliminate or reduce to acceptable levels theeffect any specimen characteristics have on the instrumental colour measurement. Spec ificprocedures and techniques for handling spec imens which meet the following characteristics arepresented in annex A.

12

ISII50 res-cos. 2001

a) ~Iuorescence of the speci~en (from dyes or fluorescent whitening agents [FW As]) willInfluence the results dependinq on the amount of fluorescent material present and the amountand. quality of ultraviol~t and visible ~nergy in the instrument fight source. Results may beparticularly hard to duplicate between Instruments that do not have methods for calibrating theUV content. Example materials are white or lightly coloured materials treated with FW As.

b) Moisture content of textile materials can affect their colour and appearance characteristics. Theamount of conditioning time necessary to achieve a stable moisture state varies with fibre,fabric construct ion. dyes and surrounding conditions. Examples of materials the colour of whichare typically affected by moisture content are cotton and viscose materials.

c) Non-rigid specimens tend to protrude (or "pillow") into the viewing port of instruments. Theamount of intrusion may vary depending on number of layers, softness of material and thebacking pressure applied to mount the specimen. Variations in the amount of intrusion willresult in significant deviations in the resulting colour measurement which are non-reproducible.Examples of these materials are fibre. yarn, knits, and layers of lightweight fabric.

d) Non-opaque specimens allow some fight to pass through the material during measurement.Most textile materials. by nature of their structure. fit this category. During measurement. anylight which passes through the material to reach the backing plate (or escape from theinstrument) will yield false results. Examples of these materials are knits, lightweight materialsand fibres.

e) Sensitivity of the specimen to light (photochromism) and/or heat (thermochromism) results innon-reproducible results, depending on the degree of sensitivity and the amount of time thespecimen is exposed to undesirable conditions.

The photochrom ic propert ies of a specimen may be determined according to ISO 105·805 :1993.

f) Size of the specimen is important in obtaining a representative measurement by the instrument.When the specimen is too small for normal measurement. special techniques may be requiredto achieve a proper colour measurement.

g) Surface texture of the specimen (including pile lay, twill, gloss and lustre) affects the results ofthe colour measurement. The colour measurements of specimens with such physicalcharacteristics are affected in different ways depending on the geometry of the instrument.Results between instruments of different geometries may be nun-reproducible. Examples ofthese types of specimens are carpet. corduroy and wound yarn.

h) Variation in colour (non-uniformity) within the specimen. as related to the area-of-view of theinstrument. can cause non-reproducible results. Examples are denim and leathers.

A-4 Method of calculation

Most calculations of colorimetric nature are performed by the software being used to operate thecolour measuring instrument. In normal cases of reference to this method it will not be necessary forthe user to perform these calculations, however they are described here as a means of reference andstandardization for those who may need to perform such calculations.

A-4.1 Tristimulus values

The tristimulus values (X. Y, Z) are derived from spectral data and are the basis for all colorimetriccalculations. The exact (X, Y, Z) values derived from a set of spectral data depend on several factorsincluding the wavelength range and interval of measurement and the user's choice ofilluminantJobserver functions used in the calculation.

A-4.2 CIE 1976 L' . a*, b: Cab and hab

Calculate the L *, a*, b", Ca b hab values from the X, Y, Z tristimulus values for both the standard and

sample as follows:13

151150 lOS-COg : 2001

L* = 903,3 (YlYn)

a* = 500 [((XIXn) - ((YlYnll

where:

or

((XlXn) = 7,787 (XlXn) ± 16/116

or

((YlYn)=7,787 (Y!!'I1) ± 16/116

( (ZJZn) = (ZJZn)1/3

or

((7Jln) =7,787 (ZlZJ ± 16/116)

if YlYn> 0,008 856

if vrr, s 0,008 856

if x»:» 0,008 856

ifsox,s 0,008 856

if YlYn> 0,008 856

if YlYn s 0,008 856

if zu;» 0,008 856

if ZJZn s 0,008 856

hao=arctan(b*la*) expressed on a 0° to 360° scale with the a* positive semi-axis being 0° and the b*

positive semi-axis at 90°.

Thus

If a* > aand b* > 0, 0°< hab < 900

If a* < aand b: > 0,90°< hab < 180°

If a* < a and b" < 0, 180°< hao < 2700

If a' > a and b: < 0,270°< hab < 360°

for these equations, Xn, Y " and In are the tristimulus values of the iIIuminant. For daylight thepreferred illuminantlobserver combination is 0 65/10.

Table 1 gives the trist imulus values for all illuminantlobserver combinations.

14

IsnSO lOS-COg: 2001

Table 1 - Tristimulus values for iIIuminantlobserver combinations

(Clause A-4 .2)

lIIuminantlobserver combinations Tristimulus values

Xft Yn Zft

Ten degree observer 111,146 100,000 35,200

A/10° 97,285 100,000 116,145

C/10° 96,720 100,000 81,427

° 5c110 95,799 100,000 90,926

0 65/10 94,811 100,000 107,304

0 75/10 94,416 100,000 120,641

F2/1 0° (cool white fluorescent 4 230 K) 103,279 100,000 69,027

F7/1 0° (daylight fluorescent 6 500 K) 95,792 100,000 107,686

F11/1O° (ultralume 4 000 K and TL8 4) 103,863 100,000 65,607-_.._--- - .._----

Two degree observer

A/2° 95,792 100,000 35,585

C/2° 98,074 100,000 118,232

I° 5c12 96,422 100,000 82,521

0 55/2 95,682 100,000 92,149

0 65/2 I95,047 100,000 108,883

0 75/2 94,972 100,000 122,638

F2/2° (cool white fluorescent 4230 K) 99,186 100,000 67,393

F7/2° (daylight fluorescent 6 500 K) 95,041 100,000 108,747

F11 /2° (daylight fluorescent 4 000 K and TL84) 100,962 100,000 64,350

15

isaso 105-C09: 2001

NATIONAL ANNEX B(National Foreword)

COMMITTEE COMPOSITIONChemical Methods of Test Sectional Committee, TXD 05

Organization Representative(s)

Textiles Committee , Mumbai

Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association,Ahmedabad

Bapuji Institute of Engineering & Technology, Davangere

Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology. Mumbai

Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi

Clariant (India) LId. Mumbai

Directorate of Standard ization, Department of DefenceProduct ion and Supplies, New Delhi

Indian Institute of Carpet Technology , Bhadoh i (U.P.)

Indian Jute Industries' Research Association, Kolkata

Jayshree Textiles. Rishra

L. N. Chemical Industries, Mumbai

Maniklal Verma Textile Institute , Bhilwara

Man-Made Texti le Research Association, Surat

Ministry of Defence (DGQA), New Delhi

Ministry of Defence (R&D), New Delhi

Office of the Textile Commissioner , Mumbai

Rajasthan Spinning & Weaving Mills ltd, Bhilwara

Reliance Industries LId. Mumbai

SNDT Women's University, Mumbai

Suditi Industries LId, Navi Mum bai

Sunil Industries LId. Mumbai

Textiles & Engineering Institute. Ichalkaranji, District Kohlapur

16

DR G . S . N ADIGAR (Chairman)S HRI E. V ISHAMBHARAM (Alternate)

REPRESENTATIVE

DR H. L. VIJAYAKUMAR

DR K . MURUGESH BABU (Altemate)

DR (MIss) C. R . RAJE

DR R. H. BALASUBRAMANYA (Altemate)

DR M. Q. ANSARI

S HRr AJAY AGGARWAL (Altemate)

DR V . G. NAVAK

I T COL (D R) R. S HRIVASTAVA

IT C DR B. MANJUNATH (Altemate)

PROF (DR ) K . K. GOSWAMI

SHRIMATI BETTY DAS GUPTA (Altemate)

SHRI N. C. SOM

S HRI ABHEY NAIR

S HRI PAWAN SHARMA (Altemate)

SHRr KETAN L. GANDHI

DR N. K . MATHUR

DR SANDEEP R. NAIK

SHRI M . G. PATEL (Altemate)

SHRI P. P. NAIDU

SHRr RAMA YADAV (Altemate)

SHRI S . C. JAIN

SHRI R. A. lAL

MAJ GEN V . BAOHWAR

SHRI V IJAV YADAV (Alternate)

SHRI P . K . BADAMI

SHR! SANJEEV ISRANI (Alternate )

D R (M s ) SH ARATI A . PATWARDHAN

S HRI R. CHINRAJ

SHRI RAJENDRA GAJKWAD (AltlJmate)

S HRI V INCD G. LATH

S HRI RAMESH KHANNA (Altemate)

P ROF S. K. LAGA

PROF S .S .C HINCHWADE(AllerrU:lle)

Organ ization

The Bombay Millowners' Associat ion, Mumbai

The Bombay Textile Research Association, Mumbai

The South India Textile Research Association, Coimbatore

The Synthetics & Art Silk Mills' Research Association, Mumbai

Tex-n-Lab, Thane

Veermata Jijabai Technolog ical Institute, Mumbai

Wool Research Association, Mumbai

In personal capacity (2, Shri Sidh i Vinayak Co-operative HousingSociety, Swantra Veer Savarkar Marg, Worli, Mumbat)

BIS Directorate General

Isnso 105·C09 : 2001

Representative(s)

SHRI MAHESHSHARMA

SHRI A. V. AFFINISHRI B. S. ACHARYA (Alternate)

REPRESENTATIVE

SHRIK. S. TARAPOREWAlASHRI D. L. SHAH (Alternate)

SHRI ULLASNIMKARSHRI S. VARDARAJAN (Alternate)

PROF K. D. GAWAND

SHRIMATI G. P. RANESHRI V. C. PANSE (Alternate)

SHRI M. D. DIxIT

SHRI M. S. VERMA, Director and Head (TexUles)[Representing Director General (Ex-officio)]

Member SecretarySHRI M. S. VERMA

Director and Head (Textiles), BIS

17

tConutiue o from second cover)

Intern ational Standard

ISO 105-A05 : 1996 Textiles -- Testslor colour fastness Part AOS :Instrumental assessm ent of change incolour for determ ination of grey scalerating

ISO 105-J03 : 1995 Textiles - Tests forcolour fastness - Part J03 : Calculat ionof colour differences

ISO 3696 : 1987 Water for analyticallaboratory use - Spec ificat ion and testmethods

Correspcndmq Indian Standard

ISIISO 10S-A05 : 1996 Textiles - Testsfor colour fastness: Part .A.OSInstrume ntal assessment of change 10

colour for determ ination of grey scalerating

IS 15098 : 2002 Textiles - Method forcalculation of colour difference

IS 1070 : 1992 Reagent grade water(third revision)

Degree ofEquivalence

Identical

TechnicallyEquivalent

do

Technical Corr igendum 1 to the above International Standard has been given at the end of thispublication. Amendment NO.1 to the above Internat ional Standard has been given after the TechnicalCorrigendum 1.

This standard makes reference to ISO 105-J01 'Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part J01:General principles for measurement of surface colour' for which there is no Indian Standard . Extractsfrom this International Standard are given in National Annex A.

The composition of the Committee respon sible for the formulat ion of this standard is given in NationalAnnex B.

In reporting the results of a test or analys is made in accordance with this standard . if the final value.observed or calculated, is to be rounded off . it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules forrounding off numerical values (revised)' .

Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution establ ished under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious developme nt of the activit ies of standard ization, marking and quality certif ication of goodsand attending to connected matters in the country .

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Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards arealso reviewed periodically ; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such reviewindicates that no changes are needed ; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken upfor revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latestamendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of 'BIS Catalogue' and 'Standards: MonthlyAdditions'.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: TXD 05 (0811).

Amendments Issued Since Publication._ _ - __ ._ ---_._ - - _ ._ - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Amendment No. Date of Issue

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